Grace International Leadership and Theological University

Courses: Interpersonal Communication & Conflict Management.

Title: The causes of street children in Addis Ababa: In the

case of Teklehaymanot, lideta, México and zenebework
(TLMZ)

By: Debebe Ayele

Submitted To: Instructor Degafi Sisay (PhD)

Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

August, 2023

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 1. Introduction

The youth are the inheritors of the country of tomorrow. It is said that the despair of the youth of
a country speaks of the countries tomorrow. It means that Ethiopia's youth of the past and its
leaders of today have determined the universal status of Ethiopia. The youth of today will decide
tomorrow. It is the responsibility of all of us to fulfill all the needs of children and youth and make
them advocates of the country. Unfortunately, Ethiopia is going through years of poverty and poor
governance. As it is said that the survival of a country depends on its people and its leaders, the
change and prosperity of Ethiopia depends on its people and its leaders. As Peter Drucker said,
"There is no country that does not prosper, but a country that is not led." Even though Ethiopia has
everything it has, it has spent centuries in poverty only because it was not governed by a system.

A generation should be created that is worried that when will the story of their children living in
poverty and hunger end.Today, the children and young people who see human hands on the streets
are suffering. A country that has a children and youth office should answer the core questions of
why it is silent until street prostitution becomes legal. In our long history, it is common to consider
begging as a means of livelihood. Since recently, the number of children living on the streets of
Ethiopia, especially in our capital, Addis Ababa, has been increasing. Many problems have
occurred in Ethiopia following the change, and the streets of Addis Ababa are crowded with
beggars. The level of the problem is high and children from all parts of Ethiopia have made the
streets of Addis Ababa their home. Although this is heartbreaking, the fact that the problem is still
not resolved makes tomorrow even more terrifying. Children are spending their school days on the
streets. Stakeholders should fully understand the depth and severity of this problem and address it.

However, we will not escape responsibility in history if we treat children's pleas as entertainment
and pass them on as why not educate them. Children are seen wandering around as if they have no
country or government, smelling gas when they are hungry. The main purpose of this study is to
identify the reasons why street youths go out to the streets and propose solutions. It can be
understood from various sources that street youths are generally caused by economic, social,
political and environmental problems. Therefore, it is important to find out why the street children
included in the study were led to this life and to put solutions.

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 1.1. Statement the Problem

For the first time in the history of Ethiopia, the existence of street children was recognized by law
during the Derg era (MoLSA, 1988).According to a study conducted by the Rehabilitation Agency,
which was established in 1974, there were 2004 street children in Addis Ababa.However, data
shows that the problem has worsened in the city in the last 50 years.According to current data,
Ethiopia has an estimated 150,000 to 600,000 street children, and Addis Ababa has 60,000 to
100,000 street children (CSC, 2009).According to UNICEF and other international institutions,
the number is even higher.Although previous governments have tried to solve this problem, current
evidence shows that the problem is getting worse.But the problem could not be solved by this
(Dybciz, 2005). Following this pursuit of street children, it has become common to collect young
people and concentrate them in one place as prisoners.However, the problem could not be solved
on the ground. Therefore, the government and other concerned parties should try to solve the
problem from the root.

In Addis Ababa, most of the non-governmental institutions that try to help children are (FSCE,
2001). But the sources of the problem are different and they require extensive solutions.Of course,
various options have been proposed to solve this problem. But most of the support is focused on
basic services. But this does not solve the basic problems.Some of them focus on providing health
care or education services, others on promoting and protecting human rights (FSCE, 2003).In the
2001 Forum of Street Children-Ethiopia, it was pointed out that the activities carried out with only
limited efforts are not proportionate to the increasing number of street children.Although there is
a good start, most of them are engaged in activities that do not bring fundamental change.

This is in no way comparable to the current number of street children.Although the constitution of
Ethiopia has a provision for children, it has not been able to stop this practice that prevents children
from living on the streets.Along with being the capital of the country, Addis Ababa is hosting
many street children.The children come from all parts of the country, pushed by different
problems.The main purpose of this study is to identify the cause of this life of street children in
Addis Ababa (Ledta, Tekle Haymano, Mexico and Zenework) and suggest solutions.

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 1.2. Objectives of the study
 To identify the cases of children on street in the case of TLMZ
 To identity the challenges of street children on street in the case TLMZ
 To recommended possible solutions in the case TLMZ
1.3. Research Questions
 What are the reasons that lead to street life?
 What are the challenges of street children?
1.4. The significance of the study

The benefits of this study are many. First, it serves as a starting point for those doing research.
Another benefit of this study will be to teach how to conduct research. Finally, anyone who can
solve this chronic problem can use it. It will serve as a tutorial on what can be done and can be
used by anyone who can finally solve this chronic problem.

1.5. The scope of the study

The scope of this research in geographical, teklehaymanot, Mexico, lideta and zenebework. When
we look at the scope of this study, it explores the lives of street children and their basic reasons. It
includes poverty, family, job search and others, and the method is a qualitative research with
convenience technique chosen to achieve the objective.

1.6. Organization of the study

The five chapter of this study are the introductions, chapter two is the literature review, chapter
three is the research methodology and chapter four is the research findings. Chapter five is the
conclusion and recommendations.

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 2. Chapter Two

In this chapter, an attempt has been made to explore the researches and concepts of the street
children's reasons for this life and the street problems they face.

2.1. Street children

The definition of street children does not have a unified consensus. According to the definition of
UNESCO, street children means those who earn their living on the streets. It can be considered
that this must be directly or indirectly related to the establishment of the city. Street children are
divided into two. Those who live on the street and those who do not live but whose income is on
the street. Street children are children who work to supplement their families' income and return
home at night. Most of the children in this category are students who work part-time. Work part-
time. On the other side are those who sleep on the streets.

2.1.1. Children on the street

Street children have been given a well-defined definition by UNESCO since 1951 following the
end of World War II.This was celebrated in 1979 as the International Year of the Children.In
Europe, Latin America and Australia, the term "street children" means the homeless, the outcast,
and the outcast. In Latin America, they are called highway robbers in Brazil, frafe birds in Peru,
and when we come to Africa, they are called Burundi mosquitoes, dreamers and thieves. But it is
unfortunate that they push a ruined life on the land that we ruined (Yacob 2018).Street children
are children who come to the street to work to supplement their family's income and return home
at night.

Children of this category study in their spare time and work internationally as shoe shiners, car
washes, lottery sellers, etc. Street children work from begging to sell to meet their economic needs.
Most of them return home at the end of the day and give their earnings to their relatives. They
believe they are with their families when they go to school. They are comforted by this, but when
their family's economy weakens, they may tend to live on the streets permanently (Lalor, 1999).
When we come to Ethiopia, we call them "Beranda Adari" and "Dirty". There is no shame at all.

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 2.1.2. Children of Street

Children of street are children who make their permanent residence on the street. Even though
there is a relationship with their families, they never visit their homes again. Additionally, street
children often sleep on the streets and have limited or no contact with their families of origin. The
majority of street children are abandoned by their families rather than abandoned by their families.
Their definition of street children contains the common notion that they are different from other
children because of their special relationship with the street. Describing the lives of children in
Ethiopia has always been difficult due to geographical, cultural, religious, social and linguistic
differences.

For example:-Remote and isolated areas with accessibility problems in terms of basic development
have a difficult life. Similarly, people's cultural and religious attitudes have placed a burden on
children to support families. Additionally, some cultural contexts encourage having more children
as family power, assets, and helpers. But the increase in the number of siblings in the family leads
to competition for property and migration to the cities.

In Ethiopia, the problem of street children is an issue that grows every year with the expansion of
cities and urban-oriented opportunities. Children from rural and urban areas flee and take to the
streets. These children in Ethiopia are often known as 'street sleepers', while others call them
'baranda sleepers', a derogatory term. Both the people and the children themselves have a clear
idea of who 'street beggars' are and those who are called 'street beggars' do not go to school. They
beg, steal or work for their food, they smell and are considered dirty and unclean. People call them
'በረንዳ አዳሪ or 'ጎዳና አዳሪ'. However, they make a huge difference in the lives of every street child.
The street children included in this study live their lives on the street. In this way, there are 4 places
where the research is carried out, which is in TLMZ.

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 2.2. Characterizes of Street Children

Street children have difficulty providing themselves with a good source of food, clean drinking
water, health services, toilets and showers, and adequate shelter. They also suffer from the lack of
parental protection and security due to separation from their families. In addition, there is a lack
of moral and human emotion (Mbwambo, 1999).In terms of gender, it can be said that most of the
street children are men, but it does not mean that there are no women. However, because women
are subjected to cultural pressure and the control of their families is difficult, they are subjected to
severe violence when they go out on the streets, so they survive the hardships of domestic violence
(Lugalla and Mbwambo, 1999).The average age of street children is between 9 and 12 years old
and they live on the streets until they are 15 to 16 years old. After growing up, they start looking
for a better life (Rizzini et al., 1994).

Regarding culture, morals and traditions, street children are away from their families since
childhood and do not care about culture and morals. Street children are not only homeless and
homeless, they are also citizens without a cultural foundation. Street children are exposed to
serious health problems because there is no good environment to protect their health. Female street
children maintain their safety by having sex.They engage in unnecessary, unhealthy sex just to
find a better place to stay, thereby exposing themselves to disease and misery. This woman is the
best in everything and serves as a mother to meet your needs. When looking at their social ties,
children who have no ties to their families tend to form groups with similar peers.

These peer groups play the role of family and are a source of solidarity, economic and security
support for their members. Each group has a leader who is obeyed by the group members, which
reflects how organized they are. Street children engage in dangerous and illegal activities such as
drug dealing, crime, theft and gang activities (UNCHS, 2000).However, many of them perform
legitimate economic activities such as parking, car washing, luggage loading and others. In terms
of protection, some depend on peer groups to provide their safety and protection. Girls are different
and better at forming their security groups than boys. A group of girls often has an older woman
who has sex with a man or a guard. This woman is the best in everything and serves as a mother
to meet your needs.

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 2.3. Factors that Contribute to Pushing Children to the Street

Push factors can vary greatly in different countries and in different regions of the same country,
and at the local level they affect the profile of street children in any given city or country. Street
girls and boys vary according to locale. However, it is clear that nothing is responsible for children
living on the streets, and it is clear that most children are not responsible for being on the streets.
There are many things beyond their control that force them to live or work on the street. Some of
them are poverty, abuse and family breakdown. The main driving factor is poverty exacerbated by
drought, AIDS, war and family violence and breakdown. Although outside the world many
children live and work on city streets. Still, many choose street life as an alternative to poverty or
domestic violence. It is a tough choice - constant hunger, exploitation, violence, abuse and even
death threats (FSCE, 2003).

2.3.1. Family

Domestic violence and abuse are considered to be one of the reasons why children end up living
or working on the streets, and these include physical, emotional and sexual abuse and exploitation.
Violent problems can stem from family history and experience. It can also be a consequence of
poverty. However, it does not seem to be for poor families, because the children of better families
sometimes choose to escape and leave home. Rehabilitation of families with stepparents. It can
also lead to child withdrawal (West, 2003).

Street children reported significantly higher rates of domestic violence, yelling and beatings among
family members than family-based street children. According to a study conducted in Kenya,
street children typically report that their "home of origin is punitive, hostile, and lacking adult
emotional support”.Mizruchi (1992) stated that some street children may have been abandoned
and rejected by their families, while others may have abandoned their families due to
circumstances, which means they have "thoughtfully abandoned their families”. This is due to
unfavorable conditions at home such as family violence. Members, or on the child, abuse or
poverty in the family. It may extend to the point of not being able to eat even once a day. In general,
the situation at home worsens and the child goes out into the street. On the other hand, it is clear
that street children are children who are not cared for by any family or institutional organization,
and therefore "can be the most vulnerable group in any society" (Lalor, 1998).

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The presence of such unfavorable conditions exposes children to street life and harm. This
happened because the family, the community and society at different levels did not do their part
and did not make an effort to change the situation. But the presence of children on the street is not
good for the society. That is what prompts society to intervene. Because living with a problem can
lead to loss of peace and stability, parents must create a secure and stable relationship in which to
model their future relationships based on their children's expectations. In this area of safety, parents
have the opportunity to teach their children what society and theirs are. They accept their own
culture as adults. To enable colds to learn these lessons, parents need to provide comfort, proper
seating, ad dressing. Proof of these comforts requires financial security, which must be provided
by parents.

Emotional well-being also requires being healthy and educated. A healthy adult future benefits
society as a whole (Tower, 2004).In Ethiopia, homeless children reported significantly higher
levels of violence and abuse among family members compared to family-based street children
(Veal, 1996).

2.3.2. Poverty

Urban poverty in Ethiopia is a multifaceted phenomenon and has economic, cultural, social and
political aspects. Basically, it reflects the inability of an individual, family or community to meet
the minimum material needs for food, clothing and shelter. Apart from economic and material
deprivation, poverty is aggravated by various factors. Its main manifestations include lack of
income and employment opportunities, lack of opportunities and lack of social security, leaving
people vulnerable to risks, such as losing the main breadwinner in the family (World Bank, 2001).

These are some of the contributing factors. The problem of street children in our country in general,
especially in Addis Ababa. According to Benitez (2011) “Blaming poverty is a simplistic approach
to a complex problem. If poverty and poverty alone are the reason why children take to the streets
to fend for themselves, why don't millions of children leave their poor homes for the streets? In
fact, poverty may be the one and only thing that pushes children to run away to the streets, but
focusing only on poverty may not be the solution to the problem. Therefore, it would be good to
try to look at different issues to solve the problem. The development of cities and towns is
considered as a development process.

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However, the reality of cities in most developing countries is the opposite. Many families,
including children, migrate to cities for better opportunities. Most of these people do not have the
necessary skills for work. Then they move to the streets to survive either by begging or by street
selling such as lottery, Tissues, chewing gum, etc. Here, it is clear that children are the most
vulnerable group as not only their present condition but also their future will be affected.

This is because they grow up without an education, which is possible being a way out of the
problems they face. Same is the case with TLMZ. There are many factors that force children to
live or work on the streets of TLMZ. TLMZ became a refugee center for various reasons. People
are migrating to Addis Ababa. One of the interesting and important findings from the observations
of parents and researchers of the Developing World Project is that most street children flee not
only because of poverty, but also because of violence and family stress exacerbated by poverty.
Research from multiple sources is finding the same mechanisms as poverty, war, social instability,
and family breakdown that directly impact parents and children and create conditions that lead
children to the streets (Shrader & Veale, 1999).

2.3.3. Rural-urban Migration

Migration is a lack of access to opportunities and resources. According to him, migrant street
dwellers, and pavement dwellers, the needy and other economically disadvantaged groups and
affected sections of society. Many of them migrate from different regions. They are confronted
with the country and different attitudes, beliefs, values and behaviors, some of which seem to be
very opposed to their own culture and traditions. Efforts to improve living standards and change
to a new lifestyle increase stress levels, ultimately contributing to the increase in tobacco, drug and
alcohol consumption, more crime, assault, rape, Sexually transmitted diseases, AIDS, etc. In
addition, not being able to meet basic needs increases the possibility of living or working on the
street. Children who have experienced discrimination and prejudice report feelings of frustration,
confusion, and disorientation, which can lead to anger, distrust, and disconnection from the wider
community, and feelings of helplessness and hopelessness.

Anyone who is emotionally, socially, intellectually or economically marginalized or driven to live

on the fringes of society, like street children, is affected in one way or another. Experiencing such
unfavorable life circumstances, especially at a young age, prevents the development of a sense of

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competence, control, identity, and attachment to societal institutions (Spencer, 1987).Immediate
and long-term consequences range from mental illness, poor physical health and anti-social
behavior, low self-esteem and confused self-identification. It can cause children to withdraw
completely into their own world, feeling deprived and exploited (Spencer, 1991). It is clear that
there is a general threat to the rights and safety of children, especially in difficult situations. The
increasing number of street children in cities, mostly in the developing world is another growing
global problem.

This may be the result of rural-urban migration in search of work and better living conditions. It
is often not fulfilled in reality and leads children to the streets for survival where they are more
vulnerable and suffer more deprivation. All these factors, individually or in combination, hinder
the potential of the younger generation to realize their needs and aspirations, ultimately leading to
their failure. A noticeable difference in lifestyle. The classes, double standards in the society and
other differences affect the socialization of these groups and their ability to adapt, adjust and grow
positively. Rural migration, especially to Addis Ababa, accounts for the highest share. Addis
Ababa, being the capital city, has become a recipient of immigrants from all areas. In particular,
the neighborhoods included in this study are high destination areas for immigrants.

2.4. Problems Street Children Face on the Streets

Street children have accumulated experiences of violence in many aspects of their daily lives,
sometimes from childhood (Veale, 1999).The combined and compounding effects of abuse and
deprivation undermine their chances of developing healthy youth and adults. Every street child has
a unique history of abuse. Similarly, they are harassed on the streets. Psychological and health
problems, including malnutrition, drug abuse and sexually transmitted infections. Children are
saved by picking cloth, begging and Stealing and, at worst, engaging in the sex industry (Shrader
& Veal, 1999).Although some street children join street life to escape violence and abuse at home,
these problems are also faced on the street.

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 2.5. Society's attitude Towards street Children

Street children are often seen as ostracized by society. Such statements ignore street children's
ability to plan, control their actions, and understand that they are incapable of doing or thinking.
Data from countries around the world show that street children are constantly planning and
planning survival strategies, avoiding danger and taking advantage of opportunities on and off the
streets (Benitez, 2007). (Muccini,1994) argued that street children lack the family-primary
socialization and modeling framework that is thought to promote healthy child development and
are therefore at risk for development. However, there is a reflection that society has failed to
recognize how it shapes its own destiny. However, it can be argued that they do this when parents
are unable to fulfill their role properly.

In normal circumstances, it is known that parents have a great responsibility to shape the future
of their children. Children have the right to make their own decisions until they are old enough to
do so. Otherwise, it is unfair to allow young children to struggle for survival without adult guidance
or supervision, food, clothing and shelter that street children are typically denied. Rather, if there
is no body responsible for meeting their needs, health and educational opportunities, but also for
their brothers and sisters in their situation. The literature provides a basic understanding of the
various factors that drive children to work on the streets. The most common are individual and
family risk factors, or micro factors such as dropping out of school, parental unemployment, and
family poverty. Community- or mezzo-factors include unstable living conditions, lack of
community resources and basic services, low civic participation and social organization. Structural
influences, or macro factors, include societal shocks (e.g. war, economic crises, HIV/AIDS),
urbanization, external debt and social exclusion of marginalized groups (Bernard, Russell H.
2006).

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 2.6. Street Children in Ethiopia

Ethiopia with a per capita income of about $120 is one of the poorest countries in the world.
Chronic poverty is a way of life for at least half of the population in both rural and urban areas
for decades. Poor economic performance and rapid population growth are considered to be the
major reasons for the existing poverty and social deprivation (World Bank, 1992). A survey on
National Human Settlement Situation Assessment (NHSSA) and Plan of Action, February 1966
by Ministry of Works and City Development states that in 1995 the people living in urban centers
in Ethiopia is estimated at 8.9 million (about 15.3% of the total projected population of 56.7
million). Various other studies and surveys also indicate that over 60% of these urban dwellers
live below poverty line without enough resources to meet the minimum food requirements. The
problem of street children in Ethiopia is not a new phenomenon. The first observations of street
children in Ethiopia were made in Addis Ababa as early as the 1940s (Andargachew, 1993)
although it is probable that they have existed as long as the urban centers in which they are found.

As in many other African countries, the scale of the problem of street children in Ethiopia has
reached unprecedented levels. UNICEF’s 1991 Annual Report (Ethiopia) noted with concern that
in almost all the major urban centers of Ethiopia, the number of children needing assistance to
achieve their basic needs had recently doubled (MOLSA/UNICEF, Ethiopia, 1993). Given the
basic data from UNICEF's state of world's children report of 1991, there were in Ethiopia, some
1.1 million urban children between the ages of 5 and 15, whose families or what is left of them
live below the absolute poverty line" (UNICEF, Tacon, 991). On the other hand, a previous study
carried out by the Relief and Rehabilitation Commission (RRC) indicates that the estimate of street
children throughout the country before the fall of the military regime was about 100,000. As the
sample survey conducted by MOLSA in 1995 showed, the majority of street children (45.9%)
were found in Addis Ababa. According to the estimates of the RRC, since the downfall of the
DERG, 9.8 million people have been displaced and of these populations, 5.8 million are estimated
to be women and children" (Minas Hurruy, 1992). The victims of this displacement forming about
a fifth of the population by then, have raised the problem of street children to new heights of
severity and magnitude. A relatively recent statistics released by UNICEF estimated that the
number of street children in Ethiopia to be around 100,000-200,000/UNICEF, 2003). Forum on
Street Children Ethiopia (FSCE, 2003) also cited UNICEF's estimation of the number of street

13
children in Addis Ababa to be 50,000-60,000 out of which 15,000 were children on the street and
around 25% were girls. Addis Ababa is mainly affected by the problem because, as many studies
show, children exposed to the highest risk of involvement in streetism are likely to be found in the
towns with the largest size of population and the greatest economic activity (MOLSA, 1995;
FSCE, 2003).

The contemporary situation appears to have grown since the time of the famine of the 1960s and
probably reached its peak in the early 90's. A UNICEF Ethiopia estimate of 1996 still claimed a
growth of around 5,000 children and mothers going to the streets each year. No count of street
children has ever been carried out, although there was an estimate made by UNICEF consultant,
Peter Tacon, in 1991 that referred to approximately 100,000 of whom about 20% were children of
the street, that is to say, living much of their lives on the street. The same estimate showed 500,000
urban children at extremely high risk and a further one million at high risk of going to the street.
On reflection these figures appear to be rather pessimistic although periodically there has clearly
been fluctuation in the numbers of children to include refugees from war areas, internally displaced
persons (IDPs) from drought and famine afflicted rural areas and increasing numbers of HIV/AIDS
orphans. The most significant survey of street children carried out in Addis Ababa was carried out
in 1988 by MOLSA in conjunction with Radda Barnen. In comparison with the findings of the
1974 survey, this indicated a dramatic change in the extent of the street-child phenomenon and its
profile and causes (MOLSA/UNICEF, 1991). The survey indicated that a high proportion of
children were pushed to the streets because of economic reasons while still living with their
parents. Most street children were a product of urban poor families. In 1993 MOLSA, UNICEF
Ethiopia and University College of Cork, Ireland carried out a survey in four cities. The total
sample size was 1000/760 boys and 240 girls aged seven to 17 years and distributed as 400 in
Addis Ababa and 200 in each of Bahir Dar, Mekele and Nazareth. The study was undertaken
mainly for updating the findings of previous studies, monitoring changing trends and to examine
new facts of the problem and has helped greatly for a better understanding of the phenomenon in
the country (MOLSA, 1993). In 1995 MOLSA conducted a national study on street children. A
sample of 10,000/7,497 boys and 2,603 girls) aged five to 17 years in 25 major towns and cities in
all regions were surveyed. This study was undertaken mainly for updating the findings of previous
studies, examining new facts on the problem. It has helped greatly in providing useful information
and has tried to put some kind of proportion to the understanding of the situation (MOLSA, 1993).

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 3. Chapter Three

3.1. Research Design

This research had applied both descriptive and explanatory research design. Descriptive research
aims to accurately and systematically describe a population, situation or phenomenon. It can
answer what, where, when and how questions, but not why questions. A descriptive research
design can use a wide variety of research methods to investigate one or more variables.
Explanatory research is a research method that explores why something occurs when limited
information is available. It can help you increase your understanding of a given topic, ascertain
how or why a particular phenomenon is occurring, and predict future occurrences.in general the
research had applied both designs.

3.2. Research Approach

The approach of this study is qualitative research approach and the researcher used it to analyze
the data that cannot be mentioned in numbers. Qualitative research involves collecting and
analyzing non-numerical data to understand concepts, opinions, or experiences. It can be used to
gather in-depth insights into a problem or generate new ideas for research.

3.3. Data Types and Sources

The study used primary and secondary data sources. Interviews were used as primary sources of
data while document review was used as secondary source of data. Primary and secondary sources
helped to gather information from different perspectives regarding the research problem.

3.4. Target Population

The study included street children/youths in 4 neighborhoods of Addis Ababa, namely
T/haymanot, Ledeta, Mexico and Zenework. In these areas, a number of street children were seen
when the study was conducted, and the study included 30 children who were forced into street life.

3.5. Sampling Technique

Convenience sampling is a non-probability sampling method where units are selected for inclusion
in the sample because they are the easiest for the researcher to access. This can be due to
geographical proximity, availability at a given time, or willingness to participate in the research.
The research applied this technique due to the east selection of participant without classification
criteria.

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 3.6. Data Collection Method
The data collection methods used in the study are interview and documentation. An interview
questionnaire was prepared and administered and included various questions.

3.6.1. Interview
Interviews are used to explain, better understand and explore the opinions, behavior, experiences,
phenomena, etc. of research subjects. The street children who participated in the interview felt
very happy and sad that she was not only willing but also listening to their thoughts. In the
interview, an in-depth interview was conducted and it was possible to collect important
information.

3.6.2. Documents
Documents are very useful for gathering information to help the research. In this way, information
from the document will serve as a starting point for other researchers. Documents are used to
access previous information and research conducted and to identify gaps. In particular, research
documents are of great benefit to researchers conducting research.

3.7. Analysis methods

Qualitative research data analysis requires high analytical skills and it is necessary to have
complete information. Qualitative data analysis is to examine and understand the relationship
between data. In this study, the information provided by the participants was analyzed for
consistency and completeness.

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 4. Major Findings

The study is based on children who live on the street as a permanent residence. Two things
happened during the data collection process. One is that there are two types of street children. They
are those who sleep on the street and those who live the street and return to their homes. One of
them is that they are old. We have included Ethiopians who are difficult to call old street children
due to living on the street for a long time. It is possible to know from the findings of the study that
the main problems that lead the children to street life are unemployment, family issues, migration
from rural to urban areas, and poverty. It shows that you are facing serious problems.

4.1. Demographic Information

The data was collected from 30 street children. All participants are permanent street children.
There are many street children who work on the street and return home at night. Moreover, they
do not believe in being street children. It is a real job for them. In other ways, giving interviews to
people who do research on street children is a way to earn income. The experience of being counted
and being taken with the idea that they might give me a job was found in the process of the research.
In this process, we also found a participant who came to give an interview to look for a job, not a
street child.

Table. Respondents by gender

sex Frequency percent

male 26 87%
female 4 13%
total 30 100

Source: survey, 2023

Street children are often referred to as small boys, but as shown in this study, we were able to see
a large number of female street children. In this study, it was not possible to include all of them,
but many women, especially the followers of the Protestant faith in southern Ethiopia, have a large
share.87% of men and 13% of women were included in the study and only those who volunteered
gave the interview.

17
 Table. Respondents by Age

Age Frequency percent

10-20 15 50%
21-30 11 37%
31-40 2 7%
41-50 2 7%
total 30 100%
Source: survey, 2023

50% of street children are under 20 years old.37% of them are under the age of 30. The study also
confirmed that people living on the streets in this study area are up to 42 years old. As a whole,
87% of street children are under 30 years old. The youngest age in the study is 17 years old.
Although street children are defined and historically defined as 10 to 18 years old, in Ethiopia,
especially Addis Ababa, from children to adults, they are subjected to street life. This increases
the seriousness of the problem. Street life is a challenging life led by children who lack energy and
support. What is confirmed by this study is that the young people who are able to work have created
a favorable environment for us to shake off the problems that have caused them to live on the street
and to take information. With this, we have been able to reach people from the elderly to young
children.

Table. Respondent by Religion

Religion Frequency percent

orthodox 12 40
protestant 14 47
Muslim 4 13
total 30 100%
Source: survey, 2023

46% of the street children included in this study are Protestant. Similarly, 40% are followers of
Orthodoxy and 13% are followers of Islam. As a whole, 87% of those surveyed are Christians. In

18
Addis Ababa, when looking at the religious situation of the street children, Christians hold the
largest share.

Table. Ethnicity

Ethnic Frequency percent

Sidama 11 30
wolayta 14 47
Amhara 3 10
Oromo 1 3
gamo 1 3
tgray 1 3
total 30 99.9

Source: survey, 2023

In this study, an attempt was made to study the ethnic composition and the area they came from.
Thus, the natives of Wolaita cover 47%, 30% are Sidama, 10% Amara, 3% Oromo, 3% Gamo and
3% Tigre. As confirmed by the study, a large number of street children are from southern Ethiopia.
During the interview process, there was an opportunity to meet a number of nationalities,
especially the indigenous people of Sidama and Wolaita.

4.2. Street Children’s Educational levels

Education Frequency percent

1-8 14 47%

9-12 7 23%

illiterate 9 30%

total 30 100%

Source: survey, 2023

19
When we look at the level of education of street children, 47% have learnt up to 8th grade and
dropped out. As a whole, 70% of the street lodges are literate. However, there are a significant
number of Ethiopians who have not stepped on the threshold of education. This is a very sad event
these days. In this interview process, educated people have the ability to provide information in a
better way and they have differences compared to uneducated children.

4.3. Reasons for the street

As I have tried to prove in the research, the main reason that forced most of them to live on the
street is poverty. By all accounts, the root cause of the children's street life is poverty. Family is
one of the problems and the problems caused by death, divorce or misunderstanding are based on
poverty.

Table. Reasons of street children

Reasons Percentage
poverty 60%
family 37%
House fired 3%
total 100
Source: survey, 2023

In the interview we conducted with street children, 60% of them were poverty which led them to
the street and migration. They left their neighborhood to seek work to escape poverty and came to
Addis Ababa to live on the streets. It has been shown that 37% of street children are due to
problems related to the family, such as the death of a parent, misunderstanding with the family and
pressure. As you have tried to prove in the interview and various documents, in Ethiopia, especially
in Addis Ababa, many street children are created due to poverty. As we have tried to prove the
truth on the ground, even though there is a family problem, it is a basic problem that depends on
poverty itself. The street children included in the study said that the family that breaks up when a
parent dies is related to poverty.

20
 4.3.1.Poverty

Out of the 30 street children included in the study, 18 are due to problems related to poverty and
11 street children are out on the streets due to problems related to family. Only one of the street
children says that the house fire caused him to live on the street. Although poverty is the source of
our country's problems, especially the suffering and abuse of children is painful and heartbreaking.
Kebede (not real name) said:

"I was born in Gojam. I was in 10th grade before I joined the street life.I was forced to do this
because I did not get my matric results. My mother was the only one to teach me, so she couldn't
teach me.My father died when I was young. I have one brother and one sister. My sister is
married and lives somewhere else. My brother also went to another desert country. I don't know
if he will come back or not.It's been 10 years since I came here.I don't know if there is a
mother.No one knows that I am here.When I came to Addis Ababa, I thought I would go back
to work.But when I came here, I lost someone to help me, no one will hire me.Then I started
spending the night on the street.It was hard for me when I started.It was hard for me to eat.But
later I made friends.We started living together.Friends are from different countries.They are
South and Tigris.We care a lot.I wanted to go back and learn, but what if I wanted to go
back?It's over now.I don't know when he came from this life.I wish I could get a job and get out
of this life.''

Street children have the opportunity to not be seen as human beings more than those who live with
poverty. It can be confirmed in this study that all those who make their homes on the street are
dark. Street children are the poorest of the poor. UNICEF (2005) indicated that street children
around the world face many economic problems. Among these challenges are severe poverty, lack
of access to education, food, clothing and shelter and appropriate economic support provided by
government institutions. The participants of this study pointed out various economic problems.
These are the lack of food, clothing and shelter. They say that they have a hard time finding food
and even if they do get food, it is not always enough and the quality is very poor. Sometimes you
are lucky if you have breakfast. Sometimes you can go the whole day. Never without any food.

21
Abera also narrated:

‘’Every morning I go to restaurants and hotels to beg for "bule" (yesterday's leftovers) but they
don't give freely. They always tell me to clean up their mess instead of Bulle.However, they give,
not always. If I'm lucky and have breakfast, it lasts me the whole day.’’

The participants also said that they find it difficult to find clothes to wear and to cover themselves
at night. Others said they engage in manual labor to earn money to buy clothes for themselves.
They also tell us that they use different strategies to deal with the lack of clothing. Strategies they
use include scavenging for discarded clothes from underprivileged areas, engaging in menial jobs,
begging, and sometimes getting help from compassionate religious organizations that help them
with used clothes. For example, Alemu said: Dressing is very challenging. Sometimes
compassionate people give us some clothes. For example, a person who saw me on the street gave
me a torn shirt that I was wearing at the time.

Arya added:

‘’My clothes were given to me by my family. But it's over. But I trust the people. People pass me
by. A young man took off the jacket I was wearing. It was around the church.’’

Abdu, who participated interview, described his experience as follows:-

"I don't have a house to sleep in. I always sleep with my friends in ditches and water canals by
the road. For example, the one on the road next to the telecommunication office is our current
sleeping place. We have two mattresses and old bedclothes that we collected from garbage and
we are using them now. There were three of us in there but one of us was taken home by his
brother's friend.''

During the investigation, it was observed that most of the street children sleep only at night but are
roaming around the city and market areas all day. This may be due to the need for food and possibly
because of the temperature that does not allow them to sleep on the roadside during the day.

22
 4.3.2.Related to family
• Death of one or both parents

Six out of every two street children join the street life because of the death of one or both parents.
One of the respondents, Abebe, said:

"I am an orphan. My parents died when I was eight years old. I have one older brother. He took
all our family property for himself. I came to the street because I have no one to support me
after the death of my parents. Now I can't get out of here. I only need friends to help me. If my
brother wants me, I'll be happy."

Street life especially puts a lot of pressure on orphaned children. They lose their dream of
tomorrow. They don't think that anyone will stand by them. According to the above story, when
their parents died, their only elder brother turned his back on him. He didn't raise him like a father
and mother. In this process, the government or other relatives could not help him, so he ended up
living on the streets. A heartbreaking and sad life.

• In relation to parents

Another research shows that the relationship between parents and their children is not fixed, and
children are being led to street life. In this study, as possible to confirm, the street children who
were determined as possible said that they were led to street life due to disagreements with their
families.Tesfay said:-

‘’I was born in Sidama region. I am Sidama by my ethnicity and I am orthodox in my religion.
Then I came to Addis Ababa. I started living with my brother in Addis Ababa. He works for an
airline. However, because I was addicted to alcohol, I couldn't get along with my family, that is,
my brother. Because of this, I was fired from my job. I started living on the street. Now I would
like to go back to my family but I can’t. No one knows where I am, not even my brother. I want
the government or anyone to take me out of this life.’’

Support with family is better in Ethiopian culture. A man works and lives by helping many
families. When this culture faces a problem, family members are forced to live on the streets. This
is the problem that Tesfay faced. Tesfay's family does not have financial problems. Hope’s sister
is a banker and has a better income and his brother is an airline worker. They have no problem

23
helping with that. However, he says that his relationship with his parent's family was cut off and
he became despondent and on the street.

4.3.3.Challenges that street children face on the street

Among many problems, the problems affecting street children are sexual, labor exploitation, food
problems, health problems and chases with the police. However, the problems are different from
children to children.

‘’I came from Tigray region. I came to Addis Ababa after finishing 10th grade. I came to Addis
Ababa before the war started. When I came to Addis Ababa, I was living with a relative. Soon it
changed. The people I was with were arrested. When they were arrested, the one who helped the
family disappeared. It was said that the road was closed. I lost my job. They used to call me
Junta. Because I don't speak much Amharic, people call me Junta, but I'm not Junta.It was
hard for me to come because their families were poor and could not teach them. It was only
after that that I was able to go out on the street. But when I lived on the street, the children took
care of me.There is no Tigre. There are Amara and South. But they are good children. They got
me used to everything. I couldn't sleep. But I got used to it. Now I heard that reconciliation has
come. But it's hard for me to come back. How can I come back like this? No one knows I'm
here.''

Although Hagos came from trouble, he did not escape being a victim of the war that occurred as a
nation. Data show that many children have been forced into street life because our country has
followed a racially structured political structure and that is because we entered into a separate war.
It is very sad that he is a taster of this problem. Incidentally, he did not come to Addis Ababa
because of the war, but what led him to street life was the past civil war. As a whole, he wants to
go back to school and see his family, so he needs help.

Another street child has a heartbreaking story. My heart is bleeding, I was in tears when I did this
interview. What if he gave me an entrepreneur to get out of this life? She says that to any woman.

"I was born in Wolaita. I am 18 years old. I am a Protestant. I think that my lack of education
is the reason for emigration. My mother and father died because there is no one to help and
teach me, so I hate my life. I also came to Addis Ababa when many children from Wolaita came

24
to Addis Ababa. But when I came to Addis Ababa, I was not what I expected. Then they dare to
give me money because we don't have money. There are many of them. There were two women
and we slept together. I cried. You can't give up. They will beat you. Amana was pregnant. I
gave birth to her. It was given by Medanit. It is not known who made her pregnant. We sleep
with men. It’s with everyone. Crying. I'm pregnant now. Jesus helped me. Now I want to go
back to my country. But how old. Why do people bring food? We harvest the highlands and eat
it. But it's a shame.I regret it. I came here thinking I will get money. When I live like this, I wish
to die. I have no parents. I have no hope. I wanted to die. But now I don't want to. I want to go
back to Sodo. I want to work at home. I lost someone who will work for me. It is very difficult. I
am a woman. I am in trouble. Enough. Cry.’’

We don't need much research to know that street life is especially challenging for girl children.
Women are not only vulnerable to street life, but also to be tested by nature.It is true that it is
difficult to understand the girl's suffering, seeing her tears pouring down, and this is what I
experienced.In the interview, I cried because my daughter thought that I would not release her
from this life and I couldn't do that.I still feel that I am missing something. Those of you who can
afford Ethiopia and all of you who care about humanity, spare the street children from this
suffering. Ethiopia should not be silent when its children fall on the streets. Let the government
and our society help.

4.4. Cooperation of street children

The 30 street children in both groups who participated in the interviews confirmed that there are
many smaller subgroups within the large group of street children.Mainly two and sometimes three
children are used in times of crisis. These can be times of sickness or hunger or other attacks.
These methods are used to share food, clothing and to gather support in case of illness or
emergency. The 'street' children go home at night. They will use this trend even if they return.

They use co-op when they lose money or have an emergency at work.What is interesting is that
the relationship between street boys and street women is easy and friendly, according to the
informants.That is, street children sleep next to women for safety reasons. In return, the street girls
volunteer for tasks such as shopping and other activities from the street girls.The participants of
the interview said that the relationship between them is good. One of their friends who stated that

25
it is based on mutual benefit and mutual support is that when the one who eats loses, they share
when the one who eats gains.They spend most of their time begging, scavenging and abusing
materials.Those lucky enough to get money or food on the day will sponsor those who could not
and vice versa.

4.5. The needs and expectations of street children

All thirty participants said they needed support to get their food properly. Their main concern is
their food, as they say they are forced to beg or scavenge leftovers due to starvation.They said their
other needs and hopes for the future are shelter, starting capital for what they call 'jeblo' or street
trading and education.Most of the time, they need work to support themselves, however, the 'street
children' who were interviewed stated that they do not want to return to their homes.They said that
they love the freedom and love they get from the street and that they love their friends on the street.
Regarding aid organizations, some street children said that these organizations use the poor for
their own gain. They do not believe that they are committed to helping the poor.The participants
all emphasized that they had not heard of any programs from NGOs or GOAs to help or alleviate
their problems. However, they need a lot of help in terms of food, education and health services.
If there is help and other alternative activities, they are happy to voluntarily participate in self-
development activities such as stopping drugs and continuing their education.

4.6. Basic needs

Basic human needs are shelter, food and clothing. Street children have no shelter. It is difficult to
say that even food and clothing are believed to be necessary for human beings. The children who
were interviewed in the study said that they did not get the basic things that they thought would be
fulfilled on the street. Having clean food is a luxury.

Kebede, who has been living on the streets for 5 years, says:

"Most of the time, if the conditions are good, I eat once a day. There are many days when I stay
on an empty stomach. Sometimes when my friends are lucky, I share with them. When all these
options fail, I resort to begging. That may not work.''

26
Moreover, it was seen that the children did not have any good clothes. They were wearing dirty
and torn clothes. Pests were visible on them. The five 'street' children walk barefoot. Six of them
were wearing plastic shoes. The five were wearing old, torn shoes. Of the 14, eight wore the wrong
shoe and six wore different shoes. From the above mentioned situation, it can be concluded that
these children lack even the basic things that they are trying to get.

4.7. Movement of street children

When we look at the activities of street children, boys have a habit of delimiting many places better
than girls. Males show better search and relocation experience than females. Also, men have more
friends than women in particular. As a result, they often move from place to place. He shared a
story in this regard:-

‘’My name is more. I am 18 years old. I came from somewhere else to find a better life. However,
I wandered from one sub-city to another sub-city to find what I wanted. But I could not achieve
my goal. It’s all the same. A Street is a street. I have been to many places in five years. I recently
came from Merkato. Merkato is better. There’s food there.''

In general, the activity of street children is better or higher for males than for females, but it does
not differ from district to district. Children say that this is to fulfill various basic needs and for fear
of being chased by the police.

27
 5. Conclusion

This study includes 30 street children, 26 of them are boys and 4 are girls. The youth included in
the study are between 17 and 42 years old. Thus, the study showed that street life is a terrible life
that happens not only to children but also to adults. Most of the children follow the Christian
religion and most of them come from southern Ethiopia.Sidama and Wolayita natives make up the
majority, and Amara, Oromo and Tigre are also included in the study. Most of the street children
are educated up to 10th grade.

In this study, the basic problems of street children have been identified. Thus, Addis Ababa,
especially in Teklehaymanot, Lideta, Mexico and Zenebework, where the study was conducted,
the poverty, family problems, and other social problems that led to this terrible life of the street
children. The root of the problem is poverty, but there is also a social and orphan problem. The
study also tried to identify the problems faced by street children when they were living on the
streets. Although it is clear that there is nothing good about living on the street, research to prove
it will generate more knowledge. Thus food, clothing and relations with the police have become
difficult for them. It has been shown in this study that the street children included in the study,
especially female street children, are facing hardships ranging from rape to starvation.

Street children have their own teams. They form a group to defend themselves against attacks.
Girls in particular try to reduce their risk on the streets by choosing a group leader. In particular,
the woman who becomes the leader of the group tries to reduce their threat by having sex with
other bully men. She also tries to serve as a mother for female street children. As a general, this
study confirmed that all street children want to go out to their families and a better life.

28
 6. Recommendations

Through this research we have been able to confirm that the number of street children is
increasing.This is what various studies show.At the same time, the concerned parties are not doing
their proper work and the problem of not seeing street children as citizens is becoming serious.
Therefore, based on this study, the following recommendations have been made.

Working to eliminate the source of the problems that street children bring to this
life. In particular, the Addis Ababa administration should try to reduce the problem
by working together as most of the street children come from the provinces.
Since it is a country that has a government office established to transform street
children, the government should monitor the office to do its job properly.
As confirmed by the study, all street children want to go back to their families and
get out of this life, so I have the idea that whoever is able should help them.
Finally, I plead in the name of the Creator that we stop isolating and persecuting
street children.

29
 7. References:

1. Andargachew Tesfaye (1992), The social consequences of urbanization, The Addis Ababa
Experience in Ethiopian Journal of Development Research 14(1).
2. Ennew, J. (2000). Why the Convention is not about street children. Revisiting Children's
Rights: 10 Years of the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child, ed. D Fottrell, pp. 169-
82. The Hague/Boston: Kluwer Law Int.
3. Central Statistics Agency. (2001). Survey on the problem of child labor in Ethiopia, Addis
Ababa, Ethiopia.
4. FSCE (2003): “The Situation of Street Children in Eight Major
5. Towns in Ethiopia” Addis Ababa
6. UNICEF (2000), Children Working On the Streets of Ethiopia
7. Forum on Street Children Ethiopia. (1995). Sounds of the Street, Biannual Newsletter of
FSCE; Volume 2, Number 2, Addis Ababa
8. MoLSA. (2018). Urban Productive Safety Net Project: Scoping Study of People with
Special Needs (urban destitute) and Service Providers in 11 cities of Ethiopia.
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10. Bernard, Russell H. 2006. Research Methods in Anthropology: Qualitative and Quantitative
Approaches (4th ed.). AltaMira Press: United Kingdom.
11. Hennink, M. (2007). International focus group research: A handbook for the health and
social sciences. Cambridge University Press: Cambridge.
12. Radda Barnen (1997). Definition of the Child: In the context of Ethiopian Laws and
Policies. Addis Ababa
13. United Nations (1989): Convention on the Rights of the Child: Translation by Children,
Youth and Family Welfare Organization (1992). Addis Ababa.
14. Azmeraw Z., (2015), problems and coping strategies of street children in Nekemte town, a
master’s thesis submitted to school of graduate studies, Addis Ababa University
15. Adugna, G. (2006) Livelihoods and survival Strategies among migrant children in Addis
Ababa, Norwegian university of science and technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway.
16. Lalor, K, (1999). Street children: a comparative perspective, child abuse and neglect, vol
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 17. Lugalla, J. & Mbwambo, J. (1999), Children on the street and street life in urban Tanzania:
The culture of surviving and its implications for children's health. International Journal of
Urban and Regional Research.
18. Yacob, Z. (2018), Factors Leading to Children On the Street, Challenges and their Coping
Mechanism in Piassa Area, Arada Sub-City Of Addis Ababa.
19. West (2003) at the margins: Street Children in Asia and the pacific, poverty and social
development papers, No. 8, Asian Development bank.
20. Mizruchi, S. (1992). The structure of corporate political Action: Interfirm Relations and
Their Consequences. Cambridge, Harvard University Press.
21. Tower (2002) Understanding child abuse and Neglect :( 5th Ed.). A Pearson Education
Company, USA.
22. Veale (1993) Study on street children in four selected towns of Ethiopia (89-93).
23. World Bank.(2014). World Development Indicators Database accessed at:
http://data.worldbank-catalog/world-development-indicators.
24. Benitez, S.T.D. (2011). State of the world`s street children: research. London: Consortium
for street children.
25. Spencer, Swanson, and Cunningham (1991) Ethnicity, Ethnic Identity, and Competence
Formation: Adolescent Transition and Cultural Transformation. Journal of Negro
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26. Spencer, Kim, and Marshall (1987) Double Stratificatication and Psychological Risk:
Adaptation process and School Achievement of Black children. Journal of Negro Education.

Appendix:

ይህ ሐምሌ 14 እና 18/ 2015 (July 21 & 28/2023) በጎዳን ላይ ለሚኖሩ ኢትዮጵያዉያን የቀረበ ቃለ መጠይቅ
Questionnaire ሲሆን ተክለ ሃይማኖት፣ ልደታ/ሜክሲኮ እና አየር ጤና/ ዘነበ ወርቅ አካባቢዎችን የሚያካትት ነዉ።
A. ዲሞግራፊ መረጃ ስም_____ እድሜ___ ጾታ____ ሀይማኖት________________
የትውልድ አካባቢ/ ልዩ ቦታ________________________ ብሄር ___________የኑሮ ቦታ ገጠር__ ከተማ ___ ነው?
B. የትምህርት ሁኔታ ማንበብ/መፃፍ አልችልም __ ስንተኛ ክፍል ድረስ ተምረሃል____ ለምን አቋረጥህ?
_____________________ ቀጥለህ መማር ትፈልጋለህ? አዎን _______ አልፈልግም ለምን?________________
C. የቤተሰብ ሁኔታ ወላጆች በህይወት አሉ/ የሉም_________ እናት/ አባት/ ሁለቱም በሰላም/በመጥፎ ትዳር አሉ
ተፋተዋል/ ሌላ አግብተዋል ___ ከአቅም በላይ በሆነ ችግር/ጦርነት/በሥራ ርቀት ወዘተ ተለያይተዋል ____ሌላ_______
የትዳር መፍረስ ምክኒያት ምንድን ነው? ድህነት/ ሱስ/ እልህኛነት/ ግጭትና አለመግባባት _______________________
የእንጀራ አባት/ የእንጀራ እናት ጫና ____ ሌላ
_____________________________________________________

31
የቤተሰብ ገቢ ምንጭ ማነው? አባት ___ እናት ___ የሥራው አይነት __________________
የአባት/ እናት የትምህርት ደረጃ __________ ማንበብ መፃፍ ይችላሉ / አይችሉም
ስንተኛ ልጅ ነህ________ ስንት ወንድም ____ እህት ___ አለህ? ብቸኛ ልጅ ነኝ______
አሁን ከነሱ ጋር የሚኖረዉ ማነዉ ? _______________________ የገቢ ምንጫቸዉ ምንድነዉ
______________________
ጎዳና ላይ ከመውጣትህ በፊት ከማን ጋር ትኖር ነበር? _______________________
ከቤት ከወጣህ ስንት ወር/ ዓመት ሆነህ__________ ቤተሰብ የት እንዳለህ ያዉቃሉ/አያውቁም
ጎዳና ላይ መውጣትህን ቢያውቁ ይደግፋሉ/ ግድ አይሰጣቸውም፤ ምን ይላሉ?
_________________________________
ወደ ቤተሰብ/ ወደ መጣህበት አካባቢ መለስ ትፈልጋለህ?
ለምን_____________________________________________
መመለስ አትፈልግም? ለም?
_____________________________________________________________________
ከቤተሰብ ጋር አሁን እንዴት ትገናኛለህ? [በስልክ/ደብዳቤ/በሌላ] ________________________________
በስንት ጊዜ [በየቀኑ/ በየሣምንቱ/ በየወሩ/አንዳንዴ] እንገናኛለን።
ፈጽሞ አንገናኝም __ ለምን?____________________________________________________________
D. ጎዳና ላይ እንድትወጣ ያደረገህ ምክንያት ራስን ለመርዳት____ ቤተሰብን ለመርዳት___ መፈናቀል___ ጦርነት___
የአባት / እናት ሞት __ ቤተሰብ ሊረዳኝ አለመቻል __ የሰው ምክር __ ድርቅ/ምግብ እጥረት __ ሌላ _______________
ግጭት/አለመግባባት [ከማን ጋር?ለምን?]
_____________________________________________________________
ጎዳና ላይ ስትወጣ ምን ተሰማህ?
____________________________________________________________________
ጎዳና ላይ ከወጣህ ስንት ጊዜ ሆነህ? ______ ከመጣህበት አካባቢ ጎዳና የወጡ ስንት ጓደኞች አሉህ? _____
ጎዳና ላይ ከመውጣትህ በፊት ከማን ጋር ትኖር ነበር? ለብቻዬ፣ ከእናት/አባት__ ከዘመድ ___________
ጎዳና ላይ ምን ስራ ትሰራለህ? ______ በአማካይ በቀን/ በሣምንት ያለህ ገቢ መጠን _______ ከእጅ ወደ አፍ ብቻ ነው___
ገቢህን ምን ላይ ታውለዋለህ? ለምግብ/መኝታ/ ልብስ/ ቤተሰብ ለመደገፍ/ መቆጠብ/እቁብ ሌላ ______________
ጎዳና ላይ ትልቁ ችግር ምንድነዉ? _____________________________________ምን ጥሩ ነገር አለ?
_____________
እንዴት ነዉ ችግሩን የምትፈቱት?____________________________________________________________
ከጎዳና ህይወት ዛሬውኑ መውጣት ትፈልጋለህ? አዎን ___ አልፈልግም ___
E. ምግብ በቀን ስንት ጊዜ ____ ምን አይነት ምግብ ___________________ ከየት ነዉ የምታገኙት?
ከካፌ_____ሆቴል___ ከቆሻሻ መጣያ____ከሌላ_________ በግዥ__ በልመና____ በሌላ____________________
E. መደጋገፍ/መረዳዳት ከሌሎች ጎዳና ጓደኞችህ ጋር ትደጋገፋላችሁ? አዎን____ አንደጋገፍም ____
እንዴት / በምን? _____________________________________________________________________
የልብ ጓደኛ አለህ? አዎን___ የለኝም___ እንደ ቤተሰብ ትተያያላችሁ?____________________________
ጓደኛህን ለምን ትወደዋለህ/ትጠላዋለህ___________________________
ስለራስህ ዛሬ ምን ይሰማሃል? __________________________________
F. በመንገድ ላይ ስትኖሩ ከህዝቡ ጋር ያላችሁ መስተጋብር
ከከተማዉ ኑዋሪ ጋር ያላችሁ ግንኙነት ምን ይመስላል____________________
በከተማዉ ህዝብ ላይ እምነት አላችሁ/የላችሁም? እንዴት ነዉ የምታምኗቸዉ? ________________________
_______________________ እንዴት ነዉ የሚያዩዋችሁ?_________________________________________
ለምን ይፈሯችኋል/ይጠሏችኋል______________________________________________________________
G. ሱስ ምን የሱስ ልምድ አለህ?ሲጋራ/ ጫት/ መጠጥ/ ማስቲሽ ማሽተት/ ሌላ _____________ የለም__
የምትወስደዉ ምን መድኃኒት አለ_________________________________
ምክኒያቱ ምንድነዉ? __________________________________________________
በወንጀል ታሥረህ ታውቃለህ? __ ለስንት ጊዜ ________ ምክኒያቱ _________________________________
H. ጎዳና ላይ ምን ችግር ያጋጥማችኋል ጥሩ ኑሮ አለ/ የለም __ ለምን ?______________________________
መንገድ ላይ መኖር ዋናው ስጋት ምንድነዉ? አካላዊ/ፆታዊ ጥቃት__ መደፈር ___ ዝርፊያ___ [አንዱ/ ሁሉም ደርሶብኛል]

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ጤና ማጣት ________ ያለምክኒያት በፖሊስ መታፈስ ____ ሌላ_________________________
ችግሩን እንዴት ነዉ የምትከላከሉት? ጓደኞቼ/ ማንም
አይረዳኝም_____________________________________________
የስንት ሰአት እንቅልፍ___ የት ትተኛለህ? ቤተ ክርስቲያን/ መስጊድ ___ ፌርማታ __ አስፋልት ዳር __
የእርዳታ ድርጅት/ ጊዜያዊ መጠለያ drop in center ___ ሌላ ___________________________
ሌሊት እንዴት ነዉ የራሳቸሁን ደኅንነት የምጠብቁት?
_____________________________________________________
የተለየ ችግር ገጥሞህ ያውቃል? አዎን _________ ችግሩ ምንድን ነው ?
___________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________ አያውቅም
___________
I. ወደፊት ምን ለመሆን ትፈልጋላችሁ
ባለሙያ________አርቲስት____ነጋዴ______ሌላ________________________
የግል የሥራ ዝንባሌህ/ ችሎታህ ምንድን ነው? ቀለም ቀቢ __ አናጢ___ ንግድ_____ ሰዓሊ______ ሌላ ____________
J. በአስቸኳይ ዛሬ የሚያስፈልግህ ነገር የትኛው ነው፦
ምግብ __ ልብስ __ መጠለያ/ ማደሪያ__ ህክምና __ ትምህርቴን መቀጠል __ የቤተሰብ ድጋፍ ______
የገንዘብ ድጋፍ __ ከመጣሁበት ቤተሰብ መቀላቀል መቻል ___ ሌላ (አብራራ) _____________________________
K. መንገድ ላይ ለሚወድቁ ልጆች ሀላፊነት የሚወስደዉ እኔ ___ ቤተሰብ ___ ህብረተሰቡ___ ሌላ
__________________
በማን ጥፋት ነዉ ብለህ ታምናለህ? ቤተሰብ___ እኔ ___ መንግስት________ በጎ አድራጎት ማኅበራት/ ድርጅቶች _____
የጎዳና ተዳዳሪዎች ለማኅበረሰቡ "ጎጂ ጫና"ናቸው? አዎን __ አይደሉም ___ ለምን?
____________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
___________
የኑሮህን ሁኔታ ለማሻሻል እንዲቻል አሁኑኑ ምን አይነት እርምጃ መውሰድ እጅግ ተገቢ ነው ብለህ ታስባለህ / ታምናለህ?
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
___________________

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