DEVELOPMENT STUDIES

PAPER ONE&TWO
MODULE 5: WOMEN IN DEVELOPMENT
 MASUNGA SENIOR SECONDARY SCHOOL (b) Describe three causes of female-headed households.

DEVELOPMENT STUDIES - The cause of female-headed households is marital problems resulting in divorce
- The cause of female-headed households is death of the husband.
Module 5: Women in Development - It might be a result of incest / adultery / illegitimate children
- The cause of female-headed households is having a child out of wedlock or before
Paper 1 marriage
- The cause of female-headed households is choice to have a child and remain single
1(a) What is meant by a women? - The cause of female-headed households is economic independence by women / most
of them can now work and support their children
- Woman is a female adult person. - The cause of female-headed households is loss of interest in marriage by women
- The cause of female-headed households is disappearance of male partners
(b) Describe three roles of women in traditional societies. - The cause of female-headed households is education / emancipation of women from
sexual bondage
- The role of a women in traditional societies was participate in community events,
for example, weddings and funerals. 3(a) Define gender discrimination.
- The role of a women in traditional societies was to bear and raise children.
- The role of a women in traditional societies was to perform household chores, for - Gender Discrimination is unfair treatment of someone based on sex.
example, cooking for the family.
- The role of a women in traditional societies was of agricultural production or (b) Describe three problems faced by female-headed families.
looking after small livestock such as goats and gathering of wild fruits.
- The role of a women in traditional societies was to care for the family, for - The problem faced by female-headed families is little time to spend with the children
example, the old, sick, in laws, children and husband. at home
- The role of a women in traditional societies was to teach children/ custodians of
culture. - The problem faced by female-headed families is indiscipline of the children
- The role of a women in traditional societies was to construct walls of mud huts especially the boy child leading to a high incidence of juvenile delinquency
for the family.
- The female-headed families face problem of vulnerability to attack by criminals /
2(a) What is a female-headed household? abuse

- Female-headed household is a family whose breadwinner or decision maker is a - The problem faced by female-headed families is low standard of living due to lower
woman. levels of education by women. This results in poverty that may lead to engaging in
illegal activities by women, for example, prostitution, selling dagga
- Female-headed household is a family where the mother is the only parent present
and is the breadwinner and decision maker. - The problem faced by female-headed families is women’s low self esteem

- Female-headed household is a family where the mother is taking care of the family - The problem faced by female-headed families is unequal distribution of
alone wealth/property

- The problem faced by female-headed families is disrespect by society / tradition or

culture militates against emancipation / discrimination / stigma
[RULE: Award even when men/women terms are used

Masunga Senior Secondary School Development Studies Paper One & Two Revision Questions Module 5
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4(a) What is a myth? 5(a) Define colonialism.

- Colonialism is when a powerful country have control over a less powerful

- Myth is a story based on popular belief country.

- Myth is a tale with supernatural characters, usually of how the world and mankind (b)Describe three positive effects of colonialism on women.
began
- The positive effect of colonialism on women is having access to modern health
(b) Describe three negative effects of traditional values, customs and practices, taboos and care/family planning
myths on women’s position in society today - The positive effect of colonialism on women is having access to paid
employment
- The disassociation of women from leadership resulted in women’s pre-determined
destiny that they should be passive in politics and assume lower position in the - The positive effect of colonialism on women is been literate
workplace - The positive effect of colonialism on women is having access to improved
technology
- Their subordination to men brought fear, respect and obedience that man is indeed the - The positive effect of colonialism on women of practising Commercial farming/
breadwinner in the family growing cash crops
- The positive effect of colonialism on women is of reduction in abusive traditional
- Today there are few women involved in decision making because they had been made
practices due to introduction of Christianity, for example, polygamy and early
to believe they have smaller brains than men
marriages
- Their full involvement in domestic work or household chores has indirectly - The positive effect of colonialism on women is having access to Property
convinced them that they specialise in domestic work, which is unpaid for. This has ownership, for example, land in urban areas.
also pre-determined the type of work women do hence their involvement in the lowly
paid jobs

- Their pre-occupation with children and domestic work has also denied women the
chance to advance in public life

- Since land was the property of the husband, women have been denied the chance to
enrich themselves by using this natural resource for commercial purposes

- Women were denied the chance to go to school as they were thought incapable of
learning (smaller brain and therefore less intelligent than men) and this has resulted in
the low literacy rate among women today.

- Women were forbidden to pass through a herd of cattle when on monthly period. This
was a way of discouraging women from owning any cattle and this has resulted in
lower standards of living today/poverty among women

- A woman is oppressed/looked down upon as she is believed to be a product of man

(Eve was made from Adam’s rib)

Masunga Senior Secondary School Development Studies Paper One & Two Revision Questions Module 5
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 Section B (b) Give two reasons why there few women in politics in Botswana.

6 Fig. 1 shows some ministries in the cabinet of Botswana and the genders of ministers and - The reason for few women in politics in Botswana is political marginalization.
assistance ministers between 2009 and 2014. - The reason for few women in politics in Botswana is process of socialization.
- The reason for few women in politics in Botswana is lack of support from other
women or pull her down syndrome.
- The reason for few women in politics in Botswana is queen bee syndrome.
- The reason for few women in politics in Botswana is low self-esteem or
stigmatization.
- The reason for few women in politics in Botswana is lack of financial
support/assistance
- The women are few in political in Botswana because of traditional believes or
societal expectations such as early marriages and polygamy.

(c) Give three examples of traditional practices which disadvantaged women in the past.

- The traditional practices which disadvantaged women in the past is exclusion

from ownership of valuable property, for example, cattle and land.
- The women were discouraged from speaking in public areas like kgotla.
- The women were denied opportunity to lead, for example, chieftainship and
family head.
- The women’s place is said to be in the kitchen.
- Women are regarded as child bearing machines.
- The traditional practices which disadvantaged women in the past is early
marriages

(d) Suggest three problems faced by women in the informal sector in Botswana.

- The problem faced by women in the informal sector in Botswana is sexual abuse.
Fig. 1 - The problem faced by women in the informal sector in Botswana is
discrimination.
(a)(i) How many female ministers and assistance ministers were there in Botswana in the - The problem faced by women in the informal sector in Botswana is stereotypes.
period 2009-2014? - The problem faced by women in the informal sector in Botswana is harassment
by law officers
- 4 females [2 female ministers and 2 assistance ministers] - The problem faced by women in the informal sector in Botswana is lack of credit
worthiness
(ii) Calculate the percentage of male ministers and assistance ministers of Botswana in the
same period.

16/20*100=80%

- 80% [83% ministers and 75% assistant ministers}

Masunga Senior Secondary School Development Studies Paper One & Two Revision Questions Module 5
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 MASUNGA SENIOR SECONDARY SCHOOL 2(a) Define the term gender.

DEVELOPMENT STUDIES - Gender is being feminine or masculine

Module 5: Women in Development (b) Describe three roles played by women in pre-independence politics of Southern Africa.

Paper 1 - The role played by women in pre-independence politics of Southern Africa was
cooking for freedom fighters which gave them the energy to continue fighting.
1(a) What is meant by a lobbyist women’s organisation?
- The women cared for the sick and injured soldiers and this helped freedom
soldiers to get healed or fit to fight again.
- Lobbyist women’s organisations is a group that influence the government to
change laws and policies that disadvantages females in society.
- The women carried messages for freedom fighters or told freedom fighters the
movement of white soldiers which protected freedom fighters.
- Lobbyist women’s organisations is a group that advocate to the government to
change laws and policies that discriminate against females in society.
- The women fought as freedom fighters which helped to increase the size of the
fighting group/ increased members of fighters.
(b) Describe three ways in which the role of women has changed in Botswana since
-
traditional societies.
- The women repaired vehicles used to transport freedom fighters.
- The role of women has changed in Botswana since traditional societies because
they are heads of families/has an increase in female headed families. - The women provided hiding places for freedom fighters which reduced chances
of arrests and killings.
- The women are allowed to assume leadership positions such as been Dikgosi ,
traditional leaders, managers and members of parliament
- The women were involved in fundraising to help making money available for
- The women can do same jobs as men, for example, Soldiers, doctors, drivers and freedom fighting activities.
politicians.
- The women organised matches/demonstrations to draw attention of the world
- The women now make decisions on family planning/contraception
3(a) What are women oriented schemes?
- The women are allowed to own land and property like men
- Women oriented schemes are development policies that are directed especially
towards female to give them opportunities to participate and benefit in the
- The women are in business and have access to credit facilities
process
- The women participate in kgotla meetings and voting
- Women oriented schemes are development strategies that are directed especially
towards female to give them opportunities to participate and benefit in the
process

- Women oriented schemes are official plans that are intended to help females
participate and benefit from the development process.

Masunga Senior Secondary School Development Studies Paper One & Two Revision Questions Module 5
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(b) Give three reasons why men are wealthier than women in Botswana. - The problem that women’s organisations face in Botswana is susceptibility to
diseases due to the female anatomy
- The reason why men are wealthier than women in Botswana is that men have
technical skills for a long time when colonialists introduced education, more boys
than girls were taken to school. 5.(a)What is gender equality?

- The reason why men are wealthier than women in Botswana is that with - Gender equality is giving females the same treatment as males in the society
education and training, men learnt about ways of accumulating money [wealth]
which they later invested in other areas. - Gender equality is giving both males and females same opportunities/treatment
in the society
- The reason why men are wealthier than women in Botswana is that men have - Gender equality is giving females alike opportunities as males in the society
always owned property, for example, land, cattle/inheritance benefitted men.

- The reason why men are wealthier than women in Botswana is that Many years (b) Suggest three ways by which gender equality can be achieved. (Suggest three ways by
of leadership have made men to be better decision-makers/has helped them to use which equal rights for women can be achieved)
their money wisely
- The way by which gender equality can be achieved is through education by
providing equal access to all,
4(a) What is a Women’s Organization?
- The way by which gender equality can be achieved is through providing training
- Women’s Organization is a group of people whose aim is to improve the status whereby women are allowed to venture into careers traditionally dominated by
of females and to empower them to fully participate in development men / reversal of stereotypes

- Women’s Organization is a group of people that advocates or lobby for the - The way by which gender equality can be achieved is through providing land
eradication of all forms of discrimination against females / the girl child rights / access to property as women should be allowed to own land.

- Women’s Organization is a group of people that aims to empower females to - The way by which gender equality can be achieved by providing legal rights
fully compete with their male counterparts without prejudice - The way by which gender equality can be achieved is by providing equal
treatment at work place
(b) Describe three problems (challenges) that women’s organizations face in Botswana
- The way by which gender equality can be achieved is by providing political
- The problem that women’s organisations face in Botswana is lack of funds rights

- The problem that women’s organisations face in Botswana is male stereotypes - The way by which gender equality can be achieved is through affirmative action
- The way by which gender equality can be achieved through involvement of
- The problem that women’s organisations face in Botswana is domestic violence women in decision making

- The problem that women’s organisations face in Botswana is shortage of - The way by which gender equality can be achieved is through sexual freedom /
representation in the government, for example, councils, parliament right to say NO to sexual activities

- The problem that women’s organisations face in Botswana is Pull-her-down

syndrome, for example, jealousy from fellow women

Masunga Senior Secondary School Development Studies Paper One & Two Revision Questions Module 5
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 (b) Give two reasons for the low participation of women in politics.

- The reason for low participation of women in politics is lack of education.

- The reason for low participation of women in politics is traditional practices that
denied them to be in leadership position.

(c) Explain three ways by which women may benefit from being empowered politically.

- The way by which women may benefit from being empowered politically will
help to increase number of women in leadership position.

- The way by which women may benefit from being empowered politically will
help them to advocate for their rights.

- The way by which women may benefit from being empowered politically will
help them to be involved in decision making of their country.

- The way by which women may benefit from being empowered politically will
help women to ask government to change laws that oppress them.

- The way by which women may benefit from being empowered politically will be
able to speak with one voice on issues that affect them.

(d) Describe three ways in which the government of Botswana is promoting the
empowerment of women.

- The way in which government of Botswana is promoting the empowerment of

women is through education and training.
(a)(i) Which country has the lowest percentage of women in their national parliament?
- The government of Botswana is empowering women through provision of
- Morocco financial assistance.

(ii) What is the difference between the percentage of women in the national parliaments of
Norway and the USA? - The government of Botswana is empowering women through making laws that
protect women from oppression by men.
35-8= 27

- 27%

Masunga Senior Secondary School Development Studies Paper One & Two Revision Questions Module 5
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 MASUNGA SENIOR SECONDARY SCHOOL - The role of women’s organisations in the fight against HIV/AIDS is educating
the community about HIV/AIDS.
Module 5: Women in Development

Paper 1 - The role of women’s organisations in the fight against HIV/AIDS is distributing
condoms.
1(a) Define gender discrimination.
- The role of women’s organisations in the fight against HIV/AIDS is advocating
- Gender Discrimination-unfair treatment of someone based on sex harsh punishment against rapists.

(b)State three roles played by women’s organizations in the fight against HIV/AIDS in
Botswana. - The role of women’s organisations in the fight against HIV/AIDS is to distribute
hampers/baskets/toiletry to the affected.
- The role of women’s organisations in the fight against HIV/AIDS is to encourage
parent child discussions. - The role of women’s organisations in the fight against HIV/AIDS is advocating
for legislation on prostitution for regulation.
- The women’s organisations role in the fight against HIV/AIDS is to provide
counselling to the sick and affected.
2(a) Name one women’s organization in Botswana

- The role of women’s organisations in the fight against HIV/AIDS is building - Emang Basadi; Metlhaetsile; Women Against Rape, Young Women’s Christian
orphanage centres and provide temporary shelters for victims. Association; Botswana Council of Women; Areyeng Basadi (Tonota), Kgetsi ya
Tsie (Tonota)
- The women’s organisations role in the fight against HIV/AIDS is representing
women in national Aids organisations such as National Aids Health Prevention
Agency (NAHPA). (b) Describe three activities that it performs to empower women.

- Fund raising
- The role of women’s organisations in the fight against HIV/AIDS is mobilising
funds for the sick and vulnerable. - Lobbying e.g. Emang Basadi (advocate for 30% women representation in
parliament; petition the govt. on laws that discriminate against women; conduct
- The role of women’s organisations in the fight against HIV/AIDS is encouraging workshops / seminars about universal suffrage & empowering women, etc)
HIV testing.
- Education

- The role of women’s organisations in the fight against HIV/AIDS is providing - Legal services e.g. Women Against Rape (organises lawyers to represent victims,
home based care. taking govt. to court etc)

- Networking: address common meetings & share expertise

- The role of women’s organisations in the fight against HIV/AIDS is representing
rape victims and mitigating against rape. - Training (in some specific skill/field e.g. bread making, hair dressing)

- Counselling e.g. rape victims

Masunga Senior Secondary School Development Studies Paper One & Two Revision Questions Module 5
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3(a) What is meant by equal rights for women? - Educating women will result in a large number of skilled people

- Equal rights for women is giving females the same / alike opportunities / - Women often do most of the farming and development programmes need to be
treatment as males in the society directed towards them so as to improve food production

(c) Describe three roles played by women in the pre-independence politics of Southern - Women should be given equal opportunities
Africa.
5(a) What is meant by a lobbyist women’s organisation?
- The role played by women in pre-independence politics of Southern Africa was
cooking for freedom fighters which gave them the energy to continue fighting. - Lobbyist women’s organisations is a group that speaks/advocate for/influence
the government to change laws and policies that disadvantages females in
- The women cared for the sick and injured soldiers and this helped freedom society/discriminate/oppress women
soldiers to get healed or fit to fight again.
(b) State three emerging roles of women in Botswana.

- The women carried messages for freedom fighters or told freedom fighters the - The role of women has changed as they are now heads of families/has an increase
movement of white soldiers which protected freedom fighters. in female headed families.

- The women are allowed to assume leadership positions such as been Dikgosi ,
- The women fought as freedom fighters which helped to increase the size of the traditional leaders, managers and members of parliament
fighting group/ increased members of fighters.
- The women can do same jobs as men, for example, Soldiers, doctors, drivers and
- The women repaired vehicles used to transport freedom fighters. politicians.

- The women now make decisions on family planning/contraception

- The women provided hiding places for freedom fighters which reduced chances
of arrests and killings. - The women are allowed to own land and property like men

- The women were involved in fundraising to help making money available for - The women are in business and have access to credit facilities
freedom fighting activities.
- The women participate in kgotla meetings and voting.

- The women organised matches/demonstrations to draw attention of the world 6(a) What are women oriented schemes?

4(a) What is development for women? - Women oriented schemes are development policies that are directed especially
towards female to give them opportunities to participate and benefit in the
- Development for women is a positive change or improvement which gives process
opportunities for females to participate and benefit in the process
- Women oriented schemes are development strategies that are directed especially
(b) Why are some development programmes directed especially towards women? towards female to give them opportunities to participate and benefit in the
process
- Educating women will result in healthier children and a drop in infant mortality
rate (IMR)

Masunga Senior Secondary School Development Studies Paper One & Two Revision Questions Module 5
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 - Women oriented schemes are official plans that are intended to help females MASUNGA SENIOR SECONDARY SCHOOL
participate and benefit from the development process.
DEVELOPMENT STUDIES
(b)Give three reasons why men are wealthier than women in Botswana.
Module 5: Women in Development

- The reason why men are wealthier than women in Botswana is that men have Paper 2
technical skills for a long time when colonialists introduced education, more boys
than girls were taken to school. 1. Study Fig.1, which shows some traditional beliefs about women.

- The reason why men are wealthier than women in Botswana is that with
education and training, men learnt about ways of accumulating money [wealth]
which they later invested in other areas.

- The reason why men are wealthier than women in Botswana is that men have
always owned property, for example, land, cattle/inheritance benefitted men.

- The reason why men are wealthier than women in Botswana is that Many years
of leadership have made men to be better decision-makers/has helped them to use
their money wisely

Fig.1

(a)(i) Describe the roles of women in a traditional society.

- The role of women in a traditional society was of domestic chores, for example,
cooking and cleaning
- The role of women in a traditional society was gathering wild fruits
- The role of women in a traditional society was bearing and raising children
- The role of women in a traditional society was providing labour during
community activities, for example, funerals and weddings
- The role of women in a traditional society was caring for the family
members/family welfare , for example, old, sick, and orphans Food
production/arable agriculture/crop farming
- The role of women in a traditional society was taking care of small livestock, for
example, goats and chickens
- The role of women in a traditional society was to construct walls of mud
hut/house
- The role of women in a traditional society was that of been custodians of culture.

Masunga Senior Secondary School Development Studies Paper One & Two Revision Questions Module 5
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(ii) Suggest the positive effects of colonialism on women in developing countries. - The traditional belief which says women lose energy in bearing children have
negative effect in the position of women in Botswana as women were
- The positive effect of colonialism on women in developing countries is that of discouraged from attaining high education/ few role models for the girl child.
access to modern health care/family planning
(ii) Describe other problems faced by women in modern Botswana.
- The positive effect of colonialism on women in developing countries is that of
having paid employment - The problem faced by women in modern Botswana is rape /sexual harassment.
- The positive effect of colonialism on women in developing countries is that of - The problem faced by women in modern Botswana is domestic violence, for
attending school which helped women became literate. example, emotional abuse and financial abuse.
- The positive effect of colonialism on women in developing countries is that of
having improved technology to use for farming - The problem faced by women in modern Botswana is lowly paying jobs.
- The positive effect of colonialism on women in developing countries is that of - The problem faced by women in modern Botswana is lack of capital for
been involved in commercial farming/cash crops production investment.
- The positive effect of colonialism on women in developing countries is that of
reduction of abusive traditional practices due to introduction of Christianity, for - The problem faced by women in modern Botswana is exposure of HIV and AIDS
example, polygamy, early marriages and throwing of twins in the forest. infection.
- The positive effect of colonialism on women in developing countries is that of - The problem faced by women in modern Botswana is low level of
property ownership, for example, land in urban areas. education/illiteracy.
(b)(i) Suggest how each traditional belief shown on Fig.1 may negatively affect the
position of women in Botswana. - The problem faced by women in modern Botswana is cultural stereotypes.
- The traditional belief which says Eve was made out of Adam may negatively - The problem faced by women in modern Botswana is single parenting/female
affect the position of women in Botswana as it makes women inferior to men/ headed households.
woman to be follower of man.

- The traditional belief which says women having smaller heads negatively affect - The problem faced by women in modern Botswana is pull her down syndrome.
the position of women in Botswana as it makes women denied a chance to go to
school/ girls in school put into easy subjects/ women trained for low paying jobs. - The problem faced by women in modern Botswana is teenage pregnancy
- The traditional belief which says Women too busy being mothers have negative
effect in the position of women in Botswana as women denied high
positions/women outside decision making or leadership/ few women in the
formal sector/ women tied to the home/ women dependent on men/women’s
health at stake.

Masunga Senior Secondary School Development Studies Paper One & Two Revision Questions Module 5
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 MASUNGA SENIOR SECONDARY SCHOOL
- The role of a women in traditional societies was of agricultural production or
DEVELOPMENT STUDIES looking after small livestock such as goats and gathering of wild fruits.

Module 5: Women in Development - The role of a women in traditional societies was to care for the family, for
example, the old, sick, in laws, children and husband.
Paper 2 - The role of a women in traditional societies was to teach children/ custodians of
culture.
1 Study Fig. 3 which shows some of the roles played by women in traditional societies.
- The role of a women in traditional societies was to construct walls of mud huts
for the family.

(ii) Describe the negative effects of traditional beliefs on the position of women in
traditional societies.

- The negative effect of traditional beliefs on the position of women in traditional

societies is having few women involved in decision making/ disassociation of
women from leadership.

- The traditional beliefs made women to become submissive/passive/forced

obedience/fearful of men/ women abused.

- The women were involved mainly in domestic work/ women overworked/

overburdened

- The traditional beliefs made women to be denied the chance to advance in public
life.

- The traditional beliefs lead to low literacy among women.

- The traditional beliefs caused deteriorating health of women.

- The women were shunned by some employers because of traditional beliefs on

(a)(i) With the aid of Fig. 3, describe the roles played by women in traditional the position of women in traditional societies.
societies.
- The traditional beliefs made women to be denied a chance to own valuable
- The role of a women in traditional societies was participate in community events, property.
for example, weddings and funerals.
- The traditional beliefs made women think they are inferior to men.
- The role of a women in traditional societies was to bear and raise children.

- The role of a women in traditional societies was to perform household chores, for
example, cooking for the family.

Masunga Senior Secondary School Development Studies Paper One & Two Revision Questions Module 5
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(b)(i) Describe the roles of women’s organisations in the fight against HIV/AIDS. (ii) Suggest the benefits of educating women in the fight against HIV/AIDS.

- The role of women’s organisations in the fight against HIV/AIDS is to encourage - The benefits of educating women in the fight against HIV/AIDS is that of
parent child discussions. knowledge on use importance of using condoms.

- The women’s organisations role in the fight against HIV/AIDS is to provide - The women will pass on health tips to others concerning HIV/AIDS.
counselling to the sick and affected.
- The women will be able to advocate for amendment or changes of laws that put
- The role of women’s organisations in the fight against HIV/AIDS is building them at risk.
orphanage centres and provide temporary shelters for victims.
- The women will be able to make better decisions on sexual matters or
- The women’s organisations role in the fight against HIV/AIDS is representing reproductive health.
women in national Aids organisations such as National Aids Health Prevention
Agency (NAHPA). - The benefits of educating women in the fight against HIV/AIDS is understanding
importance of sterilisation or use of protective gloves.
- The role of women’s organisations in the fight against HIV/AIDS is mobilising
funds for the sick and vulnerable. - The benefits of educating women in the fight against HIV/AIDS is liberation of
women.
- The role of women’s organisations in the fight against HIV/AIDS is encouraging
HIV testing. - The benefits of educating women in the fight against HIV/AIDS is that of
behavioural change.
- The role of women’s organisations in the fight against HIV/AIDS is providing
home based care. - The benefits of educating women in the fight against HIV/AIDS is proper use or
intake of medication.
- The role of women’s organisations in the fight against HIV/AIDS is representing
rape victims and mitigating against rape. - The benefits of educating women in the fight against HIV/AIDS is that more
women will join HIV/AIDS programmes, for example, supplementary feeding,
- The role of women’s organisations in the fight against HIV/AIDS is educating PrEP (Pre exposure prophylaxis) and Prevention of Mother to Child
the community about HIV/AIDS. Transmission (PMTCT).

- The role of women’s organisations in the fight against HIV/AIDS is distributing - The benefits of educating women in the fight against HIV/AIDS is improved
condoms. nutrition for HIV patients.

- The role of women’s organisations in the fight against HIV/AIDS is advocating - The benefits of educating women in the fight against HIV/AIDS is that more
harsh punishment against rapists. women will test for HIV/AIDS.

- The role of women’s organisations in the fight against HIV/AIDS is to distribute

hampers/baskets/toiletry to the affected.

- The role of women’s organisations in the fight against HIV/AIDS is advocating

for legislation on prostitution for regulation.

Masunga Senior Secondary School Development Studies Paper One & Two Revision Questions Module 5
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 MASUNGA SENIOR SECONDARY SCHOOL (a)(i) State one example of each type of women’s Non-Governmental organisations shown
in Fig.1 and describe its activities.
DEVELOPMENT STUDIES
- Welfarist Women’s Organisations- YWCA, BCW, WASBO, Kagisano
Module 5: Women in Development Women’s Shelter

Paper 2 YWCA: provision of day care centres to allow women to go to work/ school/
1. Study Fig.1, which shows selected types of women’s Non-Governmental
Kagisano Women’s Shelter provides counselling and shelter for abused women
Organisations in Botswana.

Botswana Council of Women (BCW) provided training of women on practical

skills/gives information to women/conducts beauty contents/runs day care centres

Women And Sport Botswana (WASBO) promotes participation of women in

sports

- Lobbyist Women’s Organisation-Emang Basadi

Emang Basadi focuses on influencing the government to remove or change

policies or laws that are oppressive to women/ Advocates for women’s rights

- Legal Women’s Organisation- Women Against Rape (WAR)

War Against Rape (WAR) focuses on teaching women about the laws that
protect themselves/how to defend themselves/ensure that perpetrators/rapists are
charged.

[1mark for example; 1 mark for description of activities of the example]

Fig.1

Masunga Senior Secondary School Development Studies Paper One & Two Revision Questions Module 5
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 (ii) Suggest challenges that women’s organisations such as the ones shown in Fig.1 (ii) Suggest solutions to each problem that women in modern Botswana face.
face as they work to help women in Botswana.
- Rape /sexual harassment
- The challenge that women’s organisations face as they work to help women in
Botswana is shortage of funds  The solution to problem of rape and sexual harassment that women in
- The challenge that women’s organisations face as they work to help women in modern Botswana face is to make laws that protect women
Botswana is ignorance of women about their rights  The solution to problem of rape and sexual harassment that women in
- The challenge that women’s organisations face as they work to help women in modern Botswana face is having harsh sentences for rapists and sexual
Botswana is shortage of skilled people/ dependence on volunteers/ lack of offenders
volunteers, for example, bookkeepers  The solution to problem of rape and sexual harassment that women in
- The challenge that women’s organisations face as they work to help women in modern Botswana face is to educate women to avoid situations where
Botswana is lack of support from the public they can be raped and sexually harassed
- lack of buildings for operations  The solution to problem of rape and sexual harassment that women in
- The challenge that women’s organisations face as they work to help women in modern Botswana face is to educate women and girls to report
Botswana is lack of public awareness about the NGO/confusion about their incidents
objectives/stereotyping  The solution to problem of rape and sexual harassment that women in
- The challenge that women’s organisations face as they work to help women in modern Botswana face is to educating men
Botswana is selective locations which make them inaccessible.  The solution to problem of rape and sexual harassment that women in
- The challenge that women’s organisations face as they work to help women in modern Botswana face is to provide Counselling for rape victims
Botswana is division among leaders/members/pull her down syndrome due
political affiliation - Domestic violence, for example, emotional abuse and financial abuse
- The challenge that women’s organisations face as they work to help women in
Botswana is lack of continuity because when the leader dies all programmes stop.
 The solution to problem of domestic violence that women in modern
Botswana face is to adjust Botswana laws to punish men who beat
(b)(i) Describe problems that women in modern Botswana face.
women
 The solution to problem of domestic violence that women in modern
- The problem faced by women in modern Botswana is rape /sexual harassment.
Botswana face is educating men
- The problem faced by women in modern Botswana is domestic violence, for
example, emotional abuse and financial abuse.  The solution to problem of domestic violence that women in modern
- The problem faced by women in modern Botswana is lowly paying jobs. Botswana face is providing counselling to rape victims and perpetrators
- The problem faced by women in modern Botswana is lack of capital for  The solution to problem of domestic violence that women in modern
investment. Botswana face is provide safe houses and shelters for physically abused
- The problem faced by women in modern Botswana is exposure of HIV and AIDS women
infection.  The solution to problem of domestic violence that women in modern
- The problem faced by women in modern Botswana is low level of Botswana face is to empower or train women to fight back, for
education/illiteracy. example, teach women defensive strategies
- The problem faced by women in modern Botswana is cultural stereotypes.
- The problem faced by women in modern Botswana is single parenting/female - Lowly paid jobs
headed households.  The solution to problem of lowly paid jobs that women in modern
- The problem faced by women in modern Botswana is pull her down syndrome. Botswana face is train/educate women so that they get qualifications
- The problem faced by women in modern Botswana is teenage pregnancy for better jobs.
 The solution to problem of lowly paid jobs that women in modern
Botswana face is through affirmative actions

Masunga Senior Secondary School Development Studies Paper One & Two Revision Questions Module 5
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  The solution to problem of lowly paid jobs that women in modern MASUNGA SENIOR SECONDARY SCHOOL
Botswana face is to provide role models of women in high posts for
girls DEVELOPMENT STUDIES
- HIV and AIDS infection Module 5: Women in Development
 The solution to problem of exposure to HIV/AIDS infection that Paper 2
women in modern Botswana face is teach women to insist on the use of
condoms during sexual encounters 1. Study Fig. 1 which shows employment by industry and gender in Botswana, 2005-
 The solution to problem of exposure to HIV/AIDS infection that 2006.
women in modern Botswana face is educate and encourage women to
use female condoms
 The solution to problem of exposure to HIV/AIDS infection that
women in modern Botswana face is educate women to insist on HIV
and AIDS testing before sexual encounters and marriages

- Low level of education/illiteracy

 The solution to problem of exposure low level of education or illiteracy
that women in modern Botswana face is to have Adult literacy
programmes and distance learning education

- Cultural stereotypes

 The solution to problem of cultural stereotypes that women in modern

Botswana face is to have Gender awareness workshops and infusion of
gender education in the curriculum
- Single parenting/female headed households

 The solution to problem of single parenting or female headed

household that women in modern Botswana face is having Women
oriented schemes [allow examples]

- Pull her down syndrome

 The solution to problem of Pull her down syndrome that women in

modern Botswana face is to encourage change of mind-set.

- Teenage pregnancy
 The solution to problem of teenage pregnancy that women in modern
Botswana face is to avail contraceptives

[Rule: Allow two examples of education] Fig.1

Masunga Senior Secondary School Development Studies Paper One & Two Revision Questions Module 5
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(a)(i) Describe the jobs that women do in the community, social and personal services. (b)(i)Describe the activities of welfarist Non-Government Organisation in Botswana.

Community services - The welfarist Non-Governmental Organisation in Botswana provide health

education.
- Counselling- where women advise people on how to cope with problems of life
- Cleaning- where women pick litter or clean public place, for example, bus rank - The welfarist Non-Governmental Organisation in Botswana promote
toilets environmental conservation
- Pastoring- where women attends to the spiritual needs of communities.
- Home based care- where women care for the terminally ill - The welfarist Non-Governmental Organisation in Botswana train people on
practical skills for self-employment.
Social services
- The welfarist Non-Governmental Organisation in Botswana provide child care.
- Lawyers- where women give legal advice/ represent people in court
- Teaching- where women facilitate learning of students in schools/study circles - The welfarist Non-Governmental Organisation in Botswana provide shelter for
- Doctor- where women treat and operate patients in hospitals the poor and victims of abuse.
- Nursing- where women care and treat the sick people in hospitals and clinics
- Lab technicians- where women test specimen from patients in hospitals - The welfarist Non-Governmental Organisation in Botswana provide food for the
- Pharmacists- where women dispense medication in hospitals poor.
- Social workers- where women care for the welfare of the disadvantaged
- The welfarist Non-Governmental Organisation in Botswana supports back to
Personal services school for girl child after pregnancy

- Domestic work- where women do cleaning and cooking in homes - The welfarist Non-Governmental Organisation in Botswana run non-formal
- Gym trainer- where women train people for fitness education
- Hairstylist/dresser- where women plait, shave or style people’s hair
- Beautician – where women do facials. Manicure and pedicure (ii) Suggest ways by which any three challenges met by Non-Governmental
Organisations can be addressed.
(ii) Suggest reasons why the percentage of women workers in the construction
industry is low. - The challenge met by Non-Governmental Organisations is that of misuse of funds
which can be addressed through auditing books of accounts by an independent
- Women lack skills for construction auditor or accountant.
- Women shun construction because traditionally it was considered a male job - The challenge met by Non-Governmental Organisations is that of duplication of
- Construction has always been viewed as men’s job activities which can be addressed by establishing a coordinating body to vary
- There are few women role models in the construction industry activities.
- Most women shun construction because they cannot cope with its physical - The challenge met by Non-Governmental Organisations is shortage of funds
demand. which can be addressed through contributions and donations from government/
massive fundraising.
- The challenge met by Non-Governmental Organisations is that of corruption
which can be addressed through monitoring by the coordinating body .

Masunga Senior Secondary School Development Studies Paper One & Two Revision Questions Module 5
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 MASUNGA SENIOR SECONDARY SCHOOL (ii) How can a country benefit from equality of men and women?

DEVELOPMENT STUDIES - Women have a voice/women issues are heard

- Reduction in violence against women
Module 5: Women in Development - Family health improves
- Equal participation in decision making/share ideas
Paper 2 - Both genders standards of living would likely to increase/women’s standards of
living will rise
1 Study Fig. 1 below and use it to answer (a)(i). - Infant mortality rate will fall/reduce
- Falling birth rate
- Literacy rate will rise or increase
- Reduced dependency of women on men
- Good reputation for human rights due to equality
- Both women and men skills/ abilities will be used to develop the country/ avoids
wastage of women potentials/productivity

(b)(i) Describe the new roles played by women in modern society.

- Set up businesses
- Hold leadership positions
- Initiate decisions on family planning
- Heads of families/breadwinners
- Do jobs previously seen as of men, for example, doctors and drivers
- Women attend schools as well as men
- Paid workers
- Women dominate specific career paths, for example, nursing

(ii) Suggest ways in which women can be assisted to have equal opportunities with
Fig.1 men.

- Access to education
- Relieve them of triple workload
(a)(i) What does Fig. 1 suggest about the condition of women in the world?
- Should be trained especially on practical jobs
- Women are overworked/burden of work and too much workload/triple workload - Laws emphasising equal rights should be made
- Women receive very little of worlds wealth/low financial gain - Women should be given a hearing or chance to speak
- Accept women in senior positions
- Support the world but get less recognition/get little respect
- Set up women oriented schemes/giving women financial assistance
- Treated as inferior to men/excluded from leadership roles
- Promote women organisations
- Poverty stricken/poor
- Promote women reproductive health
- Women paid less than men yet doing the same job
- Unhappy/emotionally abused - Allow teenage mothers to continue schooling
- Women given access to jobs.
- Women less educated than men

Masunga Senior Secondary School Development Studies Paper One & Two Revision Questions Module 5
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 MASUNGA SENIOR SECONDARY SCHOOL
(b) Describe the impact of colonialism in Africa under the following headings:
DEVELOPMENT STUDIES
(i) Positive impact of colonialism on women,
Module 5: Women in Development
- Some women produced cash crops for income generation
Paper 2 - Introduction of literacy for women/ education for women/few women went to
school
1 Study Fig. 1, and use it to answer questions (a) (i) and (ii). - A platform for women to prove themselves that they were as capable as men, for
example, struggle for liberation
- Modern health introduced women to family planning, immunisation etc
- Job opportunities outside home, for example, cahier, nurses and cleaners.
- Introduction of Christianity removed some bad practices relating to culture, for
example, polygamy and wife battering
- Introduction modern lifestyle, for example, dressing

(ii) Negative impact of colonialism on women.

Fig.1
- Increased burden of work for women due to migrant labour (men)
(a)(i) How do practices, such as the one suggested in Fig. 1, affect women in - Fewer girls went to schools as they were deemed as home bearers
developing countries? - Fertile land was taken away and women had small land to work on
- Migrant labour brought diseases such as sexually transmitted diseases (STDs)
- The women were treated as minors which increases dependency syndrome. back home
- The women are powerless or feeling of powerlessness/ lack capital - They suffered tripartite oppression of being women, blacks and colonialist
- Lack of property rights subjects
- Women had to be obedient and never questioned their husbands/men - Decision making was delayed as women had to wait for men to come back
- Denied the right to make decisions - Social problems like breakdown of marriages occurred and female-headed
- Wealth concentrated on men while women were impoverished families
- Women are abused emotionally and economically - They were exploited as cheap labour
- The women committed to work will be reduced - Christianity glorified male dominance
- Women became impoverished due to lack of support from men who had gone to
(ii) Suggest solutions to the problems described in (a) (i). work in mines
- Curriculum encouraged gender disparity.
- Give women access to education and training
- Amend or change discriminating laws
- Men should change their negative attitude towards women
- Women should form organisations and fight for their rights
- Empower women by including them in decision making
- Give women equal job opportunities

Masunga Senior Secondary School Development Studies Paper One & Two Revision Questions Module 5
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 MASUNGA SENIOR SECONDARY SCHOOL (b)(i) Describe how women in Botswana contribute to rural development.

DEVELOPMENT STUDIES - The women in Botswana contribute to rural development by been active in
community projects, for example, home based care.
Module 5: Women in Development - The women in Botswana contribute to rural development through fundraising for
community activities.
Paper 2 - The women in Botswana contribute to rural development by been active in
community based organisations (CBOs), for example, Village Development
1 Study Fig. 1 which is an extract on the roles of women in development. Committee (VDC)
- The women in Botswana contribute to rural development by starting income
generating activities/employment creation/ offer alternative source of income, for
example, tuck shops/ own businesses.
- The women in Botswana contribute to rural development through providing
Fig. 1 labour for farms
- The women in Botswana contribute to rural development by attending Kgotla
(a)(i) Describe one important role of women in each of the sectors listed in Fig. 1. meetings/ getting involved in decision making
- The women in Botswana contribute to rural development by taking of elderly,
- Science and technology- women are working as pilots, engineers, laboratory orphans and sick.
technicians and information technology (IT) specialists - The women in Botswana contribute to rural development by been involved in
- Health care industries- women are working as doctors, nurses, pharmacists and livestock husbandry
dentists. - The women in Botswana contribute to rural development by forming co-
- Financial sector- women are working as accountants, auditors and bankers. operatives
- Academic sector- women are working as teachers, tutors, lecturers, researchers - The women in Botswana contribute to rural development by creating awareness
and writers. on health issues/ provide health education.

(ii) Suggest reasons why there are few women in the science and technology sector in (ii) Explain the importance of any three activities that women carried out to fight for
Botswana. independence in Southern Africa.

- The reason for few women in the science and technology sector in Botswana is - The role played by women in pre-independence politics of Southern Africa was
discrimination or cultural stereotypes or this area looked as a man’s domain. cooking for freedom fighters which gave them the energy to continue fighting.
- The cause of few women in science and technology sector is lack of - The women cared for the sick and injured soldiers and this helped freedom
skills/qualifications/dropout of school soldiers to get healed or fit to fight again.
- The reason for few women in the science and technology sector in Botswana is - The women carried messages for freedom fighters or told freedom fighters the
due to shortage of role models to imitate. movement of white soldiers which protected freedom fighters.
- The reason for few women in the science and technology sector in Botswana is - The women fought as freedom fighters which helped to increase the size of the
caused by pull her down syndrome or jealousy among women. fighting group/ increased members of fighters.
- The reason for few women in the science and technology sector in Botswana is - The women repaired vehicles used to transport freedom fighters.
lack of confidence among women. - The women provided hiding places for freedom fighters which reduced chances
- The reason for few women in the science and technology sector in Botswana is of arrests and killings.
due to harsh and unstable work environment. - The women were involved in fundraising to help making money available for
- The reason for few women in the science and technology sector in Botswana is freedom fighting activities.
due to pre-occupation with domestic chores. - The women organised matches/demonstrations to draw attention of the world

Masunga Senior Secondary School Development Studies Paper One & Two Revision Questions Module 5
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