BITSAT 2023 Paper Memory Based
BITSAT 2023 Paper Memory Based
Ans. The general solution of a differential equation refers to the set of all possible
solutions that satisfy the equation. The specific form of the general solution
depends on the type and order of the differential equation.
Different types of differential equations have different methods for finding their
general solutions. Here are a few common types of differential equations and
their general solutions:
Ans. To find the distance between a point and a line in a two-dimensional space,
you can use the formula for the distance between a point and a line.
The formula to calculate the distance between the point and the line is given by:
where |Ax0 + By0 + C| denotes the absolute value of the expression Ax0 + By0 +
C.
By substituting the appropriate values for A, B, C, x0, and y0, you can calculate
the distance (d) between the point and the line.
It's worth noting that this formula assumes a straight line and Euclidean distance
in a two-dimensional Cartesian coordinate system. If you are working in a
different coordinate system or considering a non-linear curve, the calculation
method may vary.
Given two functions, f(x) and g(x), the fog function is defined as:
(f ∘ g)(x) = f(g(x))
In other words, to evaluate the fog function at a specific value of x, you first apply
the function g(x) to x, and then apply the resulting value to the function f(x).
The order of the composition is important. The function g(x) is applied first,
followed by the function f(x). The output of g(x) serves as the input to f(x).
The fog function allows you to combine functions to create more complex
functions and perform calculations in a step-by-step manner. By applying one
function to the output of another, you can create a chain of operations.
Ans. I apologize, but I am not familiar with a specific mathematical formula called
"Wall's formula" related to definite integration. It's possible that you may be
referring to a formula or method that I am not aware of or that is not widely
recognized by that name.
Definite integration typically involves finding the area under a curve between two
given limits. It is often denoted by the integral symbol (∫) and has the form:
∫[a, b] f(x) dx
where "a" and "b" represent the lower and upper limits of integration, "f(x)"
represents the integrand (the function being integrated), and "dx" represents the
differential element.
If you can provide more specific details or clarify the context or formula you are
referring to as "Wall's formula," I would be happy to assist you further.
Question 5. Conditional probability with given P(A) and P(AUB) and asked
to find P(B)
two questions of this type
Ans. If we are given the probability of event A, P(A), and the probability of the
union of events A and B, P(AUB), and we are asked to find the probability of
event B, P(B), we can use the formula for conditional probability.
The conditional probability of event B given event A is denoted as P(B|A) and can
be calculated using the following formula:
Given that P(A) and P(AUB) are provided, we can use these probabilities to
calculate P(B) as follows:
P(A∩B) = P(AUB) - P(AUB') (Using the formula for the probability of the
intersection of two events)
To apply the midpoint rule, you first divide the interval [a, b] into n equal
subintervals. The width of each subinterval is given by Δx = (b - a) / n. Then, you
evaluate the function at the midpoint of each subinterval and multiply it by the
width of the subinterval. Finally, you sum up all these approximations to get an
estimate of the definite integral.
Mathematically, the approximation of the definite integral using the midpoint rule
can be written as:
∫[a, b] f(x) dx ≈ Δx * (f(a + Δx/2) + f(a + 3Δx/2) + f(a + 5Δx/2) + ... + f(b - Δx/2))
So, (b - a) / 2 appears as half the width of each subinterval in the midpoint rule,
as it calculates the midpoint for each subinterval.
Ans. To evaluate the definite integral of sin^4(x) * cos(2x) with integration limits
from π/2, we can use the power-reducing identities for sine and double angle
identity for cosine. Let's break down the steps:
Apply the power-reducing identity for sine:
sin^4(x) = (1/2)(1 - cos(2x))^2
Now we have:
∫(π/2) sin^4(x) * cos(2x) dx
= ∫(π/2) (1/2)(1 - cos(2x))^2 * (2cos^2(x) - 1) dx
Each of these terms can be integrated using basic integration techniques. Once
integrated, you can substitute the upper limit π/2 and subtract the result with the
lower limit to obtain the definite integral.
Ans. The binomial standard formula, also known as the binomial theorem,
expresses the expansion of a binomial raised to a positive integer power. It can
be stated as follows:
(x + y)^n = C(n, 0) * x^n * y^0 + C(n, 1) * x^(n-1) * y^1 + C(n, 2) * x^(n-2) * y^2 +
... + C(n, n) * x^0 * y^n
In this formula, (x + y) represents a binomial expression with x and y as
variables, n is a positive integer exponent, and C(n, k) represents the binomial
coefficient. The binomial coefficient C(n, k) represents the number of ways to
choose k items from a set of n items and is given by the formula:
Now, let's rewrite the formula using the notation you provided:
CO + C1 + ... + nCn
This notation represents the sum of binomial coefficients from C0 to Cn. It can be
written using the binomial standard formula as follows:
C0 + C1 + ... + Cn = (x + y)^n
In other words, the sum of all binomial coefficients from C0 to Cn is equal to the
binomial expansion of (x + y)^n.
Question 9. how many cases are possible if a batsman can hit 0, 1,2,3,4,6
on 6 balls to make total score 30
Ans. To determine the number of cases in which a batsman can score a total of
30 runs by hitting 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, or 6 on each of the 6 balls, we can use
combinatorics. We need to find the number of combinations of scores that sum
up to 30.
We have 6 balls to consider, and each ball can have 6 possible scores (0, 1, 2, 3,
4, or 6).
We need to find the number of combinations of these scores that sum up to 30.
We can solve this problem using a technique called "stars and bars" or "balls and
urns."
Consider the 6 balls as 6 "stars." We need to distribute these stars among the
scores (0, 1, 2, 3, 4, and 6) to get a total of 30 runs. To represent the distribution,
we can use "bars" or "urns" between the scores.
To find the number of cases, we need to find the number of ways to arrange the 6
stars and 5 bars. The bars divide the stars into different scores. We can calculate
this using the concept of combinations.
Therefore, there are 462 possible cases in which a batsman can score a total of
30 runs by hitting 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, or 6 on each of the 6 balls.
Vector 1: 3j + 5z
Vector 2: [1-4]+z
Vector 3: 2i + 5j - kz
Since the vectors are not collinear, we do not need to find the value of k.
Ans. To determine the pH order of three solutions: 0.1 M sodium acetate, NH4Cl,
and NaCl, we need to consider the nature of the dissolved compounds and their
effect on the pH of the solution.
NaCl:
NaCl is a salt of a strong acid (hydrochloric acid) and a strong base (sodium
hydroxide). When NaCl dissolves in water, it dissociates into sodium ions (Na+)
and chloride ions (Cl-). Neither sodium nor chloride ions significantly affect the
pH of the solution.
Therefore, the pH of a NaCl solution will be neutral, around 7.
In summary, the pH order of the given solutions from most acidic to most basic
would be:
NH4Cl < NaCl < 0.1 M sodium acetate.
Question 2. which has least basic conjugate base options hcl,hbr,oxalic
acid and acetic acid
Ans. To determine which compound has the least basic conjugate base among
HCl, HBr, oxalic acid, and acetic acid, we need to consider the acidity of their
respective conjugate bases.
The conjugate base of an acid is formed when the acid donates a proton (H+).
The stronger the acid, the weaker its conjugate base.
Oxalic acid:
Oxalic acid has two acidic protons, and its conjugate base is oxalate ion
(C2O4^2-). Oxalate ion is a weak base but stronger than chloride or bromide
ions.
Acetic acid:
Acetic acid has a weak acidity, and its conjugate base is acetate ion (CH3COO-).
Acetate ion is a relatively weak base but stronger than chloride, bromide, or
oxalate ions.
Therefore, among the given compounds, oxalic acid has the least basic
conjugate base.
σ2s (bonding)
σ2s* (anti-bonding)
σ2p (bonding)
σ2p* (anti-bonding)
π2p (bonding)
π2p* (anti-bonding)
In this diagram, the σ2s and σ2p orbitals are lower in energy and bonding
orbitals, while the σ2s* and σ2p* are higher in energy and anti-bonding orbitals.
The π2p and π2p* orbitals are degenerate and form bonding and anti-bonding
orbitals.
For N2, we need to fill these molecular orbitals with a total of 14 electrons (7
electrons from each nitrogen atom). We start by filling the orbitals from lowest to
highest energy, following the Pauli exclusion principle and Hund's rule.
σ2s: ↑↓
σ2s*: (empty)
σ2p: ↑↓
σ2p*: (empty)
π2p: ↑↑↓↓
π2p*: (empty)
The molecular orbital configuration shows that N2 has a triple bond. The π2p
bonding orbitals are fully occupied with 4 electrons, resulting in a strong covalent
bond between the nitrogen atoms. This triple bond is responsible for the stability
and strength of the nitrogen molecule.
It's important to note that the diagram and configuration provided here are
simplified representations of the molecular orbitals in N2. The actual molecular
orbital energies and electron distributions can be more complex, but this serves
as a basic understanding of the molecular orbital configuration of N2
Ans. Miller indices are a notation system used in solid-state physics and
crystallography to describe the orientation and planes of crystal lattice structures.
They are denoted by three integers (hkl), known as Miller indices, which
represent the reciprocals of the fractional intercepts made by a plane on the
crystallographic axes.
The steps to determine the Miller indices of a plane in a crystal lattice are as
follows:
Identify the intercepts: Determine the points at which the plane intersects the
crystallographic axes (x, y, z).
Take the reciprocals: Take the reciprocals of the fractional intercepts to obtain
integers. If there is no intercept along a particular axis, assign a value of infinity
(∞) or zero (0).
Simplify the indices: If the indices have any common factors, divide all of them by
the greatest common factor to simplify the Miller indices.
Enclose the indices in parentheses: Write the simplified indices as (hkl), where h,
k, and l represent the integers obtained in steps 2 and 3.
For example, if a plane intersects the x-axis at 1/2, the y-axis at 1/3, and does
not intersect the z-axis, the Miller indices would be:
h = 2 (reciprocal of 1/2)
k = 3 (reciprocal of 1/3)
l = 0 (no intercept along the z-axis)
Miller indices are used to describe crystallographic planes, directions, and other
lattice features in solid-state materials. They provide a compact and standardized
way of representing the orientation and symmetry of crystal structures.
Ans. The pH of the buffer used in the titration of calcium with EDTA
(ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid) depends on the specific composition of the
buffer solution.
In general, when titrating calcium with EDTA, a common choice for the buffer is
ammonia-ammonium chloride buffer, commonly known as "NH4Cl/NH3 buffer" or
"ammonium buffer." This buffer system consists of a mixture of ammonium
chloride (NH4Cl) and ammonium hydroxide (NH3) in water.
The actual pH of the buffer solution used in the titration would depend on the
specific concentrations of NH4Cl and NH3, as well as the temperature and ionic
strength of the solution. Therefore, to determine the precise pH value of the
buffer, the specific composition and concentrations of the buffer components
need to be known or specified.
It's important to note that maintaining a consistent and appropriate pH during the
titration is crucial for accurate results, as the complex formation between calcium
and EDTA is pH-dependent. Therefore, careful consideration and adjustment of
the buffer pH are necessary to ensure the success of the calcium titration with
EDTA.
Question 1. If a ring and disc are allowed to come drown through inclined
plane, then which will come down first
Ans. The ring and the disc will have different rates of descent when allowed to
roll down an inclined plane due to their different moments of inertia and
distribution of mass.
When a ring rolls down an inclined plane, its moment of inertia is higher
compared to a disc of the same mass and radius. This is because the mass of
the ring is distributed farther from its rotational axis, resulting in a larger moment
of inertia. Due to its larger moment of inertia, the ring tends to resist rotational
motion more than the disc.
As a result, the disc will come down the inclined plane first, followed by the ring.
The disc's lower moment of inertia allows it to gain rotational motion and roll
down the incline more easily than the ring.
Therefore, the disc will descend first, while the ring will take longer to roll down
the inclined plane.
Question 2. Ek work nikalna tha f diya tha vector form mai s diya tha ek
point sai duse point tak
Ans. To calculate the work done (W) given a force vector F and displacement
vector s, you can use the dot product between the force vector and the
displacement vector. The formula for calculating work in vector form is:
W=F·s
where · represents the dot product.
F · s = Fx * sx + Fy * sy + Fz * sz
So, to calculate the work done, you need the components of the force vector F
and the displacement vector s. Multiply the corresponding components and sum
them up to obtain the scalar value of the work done.
Ans.
When considering two infinite sheets with the same charge density and opposite
charges, the net electric field outside the region common to both sheets will be
zero.
This can be understood by considering the symmetry of the system. Since the
charge densities on both sheets are the same but have opposite signs, the
electric fields produced by each sheet will cancel each other out in the region
outside where they overlap.
However, it's important to note that the electric field due to each individual sheet
will still exist and contribute to the net field within their respective regions. The
cancellation of the electric fields only occurs in the overlapping region outside
both sheets.
Inside the region common to both sheets, the net electric field will depend on the
distance from each sheet and their respective charge densities. To calculate the
exact electric field within that region, the geometry and specific values of the
charge densities would need to be known.
where ρ_fluid is the density of the fluid, V_submerged is the volume of the object
submerged in the fluid, and g is the acceleration due to gravity.
If we have two different liquids, let's say Liquid 1 and Liquid 2, and their
respective volumes submerged are V_submerged_1 and V_submerged_2, we
can set up the following equation:
Therefore, the ratio of the densities of the two liquids (ρ_1 / ρ_2) is equal to the
ratio of the volumes submerged (V_submerged_2 / V_submerged_1).
By knowing the ratio of volumes submerged, you can directly determine the ratio
of densities of the two liquids.
Ans. When a block is thrown on an inclined plane with friction, the velocity with
which it will come back (assuming it returns along the same path) will be less
than the velocity at which it was thrown.
Several factors contribute to this decrease in velocity:
Friction: The presence of friction between the block and the inclined plane will
oppose its motion. Friction converts some of the kinetic energy into heat energy,
causing a loss of mechanical energy. Consequently, the block will lose speed as
it moves up the incline.
Work done against gravity: As the block moves up the incline, it works against
gravity. This work done by the block results in a loss of kinetic energy and a
decrease in velocity.
Losses due to air resistance: In real-world scenarios, air resistance can also play
a role in reducing the velocity of the block. Air resistance acts opposite to the
direction of motion and can further diminish the velocity of the block as it moves
against it.
Overall, due to the combined effects of friction, work done against gravity, and air
resistance (if applicable), the velocity with which the block will come back up the
inclined plane will be less than the velocity at which it was thrown.
Ans. In circular motion, the tension force does work on an object moving in a
circular path. The work done by tension can be determined by considering the
change in kinetic energy of the object.
Since the tension force is perpendicular to the displacement of the object, the
work done by tension is zero. This is because the dot product of the tension force
and displacement vector is zero when the angle between them is 90 degrees.
where T is the tension force, s is the displacement of the object, and θ is the
angle between the tension force and displacement vector. Since cos(90°) = 0, the
work done by tension becomes zero.
Therefore, in circular motion, the tension force does not do any work on the
object because the displacement is perpendicular to the tension force. The work
done by tension is zero.
Ans. Looking at the given sequence of numbers: -3, 7, 31, 2, 145, it is not
immediately evident what the pattern or rule is for completing the sequence.
However, let's analyze the numbers further to see if any patterns emerge.
7 - (-3) = 10
31 - 7 = 24
2 - 31 = -29
145 - 2 = 143
The differences between the terms are not following a consistent pattern. It
appears that there might not be a simple mathematical pattern or rule governing
the sequence. It's also possible that there may be a pattern or rule that is not
immediately obvious or that additional terms are required to discern the pattern
accurately.