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Unit 2 Design of Boiler Revited Joint

The document discusses the design of riveted joints for boilers, including determining the thickness of boiler shells, diameter of rivets, pitch of rivets, distance between rows of rivets, thickness of butt straps, and margin. It also covers the design of circumferential lap joints, including determining the number of rivets, pitch of rivets, number of rows, and overlap of plates.

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80 views7 pages

Unit 2 Design of Boiler Revited Joint

The document discusses the design of riveted joints for boilers, including determining the thickness of boiler shells, diameter of rivets, pitch of rivets, distance between rows of rivets, thickness of butt straps, and margin. It also covers the design of circumferential lap joints, including determining the number of rivets, pitch of rivets, number of rows, and overlap of plates.

Uploaded by

aditya.1540011
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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PrePared by

AjAy kumar
AssociAte professor
Mechanical engineering departMent
Kiet, ghaziabad
Design of Boiler Riveted Joint
Introdution
The boiler has a longitudinal joint as well as circumferential joint. The longitudinal joint is used
to join the ends of the plate to get the required diameter of a boiler. For this purpose, a butt
joint with two cover plates is used. The circumferential joint is used to get the required length of
the boiler. For this purpose, a lap joint with one ring overlapping the other alternately is used.
Design of Longitudinal Butt Joint
1. Thickness of boiler shell. The thickness of the boiler shell is determined by using the thin
cylinder formula, i.e.

2. Diameter of rivets. After finding out the thickness of the boiler shell (t), the diameter of the
rivet hole (d) may be determined by using Unwin's empirical formula, i.e.

3. Pitch of rivets. The pitch of the rivets is obtained by equating the tearing resistance of the
plate to the shearing resistance of the rivets. It may noted that
(a) Pitch of the rivets should not be less than 2d, which is necessary for the formation of head.
(b) The maximum value of the pitch of rivets for a longitudinal joint of a boiler as per I.B.R. is
(Eq5.23b)
pmax =k1 t + 41 mm
4. Distance between the rows of rivets. The distance between the rows of rivets as specified by
Indian Boiler Regulations is as follows :
(a) For equal number of rivets in more than one row for lap joint or butt joint, the distance
between the rows of rivets ( pb) should not be less than (Eq5.31)
0.33 p + 0.67 d, for zig-zig riveting, and
2 d, for chain riveting.
(b) For joints in which the number of rivets in outer rows is half the number of rivets in inner
rows and if the inner rows are chain riveted, the distance between the outer rows and the next
rows should not be less than (Eq5.32)
0.33 p + 0.67 or 2 d, whichever is greater.
The distance between the rows in which there are full number of rivets shall not be less than
2d.
(c) For joints in which the number of rivets in outer rows is half the number of rivets in inner
rows and if the inner rows are zig-zig riveted, the distance between the outer rows and the
next rows shall not be less than 0.2 p + 1.15 d. (Eq5.33a)
The distance between the rows in which there are full number of rivets (zig-zag) shall not be
less than 0.165 p + 0.67 d. (Eq5.33b)
Note : In the above discussion, p is the pitch of the rivets in the outer rows.
5. Thickness of butt strap. According to I.B.R., the thicknesses for butt strap (t1) are as given
below : (Eq5.4) to Eq5.8b)
(a) The thickness of butt strap, in no case, shall be less than 10 mm.

6. Margin. The margin (m) is taken as 1.5 d. (Eq5.34)


Design of Circumferential Lap Joint
1. Thickness of the shell and diameter of rivets. The thickness of the boiler shell and the
diameter of the rivet will be same as for longitudinal joint.
2. Number of rivets. Since it is a lap joint, therefore the rivets will be in single shear.
∴ Shearing resistance of the rivets,
Knowing the inner diameter of the boiler shell (D), and the pressure of steam (P), the total
shearing load acting on the circumferential joint,
Ws = Ps

3. Pitch of rivets. If the efficiency of the longitudinal joint is known, then the efficiency of the
circumferential joint may be obtained. It is generally taken as 50% of tearing efficiency in
longitudinal joint, but if more than one circumferential joints is used, then it is 62% for the
intermediate joints. Knowing the efficiency of the circumferential lap joint (ηc), the pitch of the
rivets for the lap joint
p1 may be obtained by using the relation

4. Number of rows
5. After finding out the number of rows, the type of the joint (i.e. single riveted or double riveted
etc.) may be decided. Then the number of rivets in a row and pitch may be re-adjusted. In order
to have a leak-proof joint, the pitch for the joint should be checked from Indian Boiler
Regulations.
6. The distance between the rows of rivets (i.e. back pitch) is calculated by using the relations
as discussed in the previous article.

7. After knowing the distance between the rows of rivets (pb), the overlap of the plate may be
fixed by using the relation,

Example 9.10. A steam boiler is to be designed for a working pressure of 2.5 N/mm2 with its
inside diameter 1.6 m. Give the design calculations for the longitudinal and circumferential joints
for the following working stresses for steel plates and rivets :
In tension = 75 MPa ; In shear = 60 MPa; In crushing = 125 Mpa.
Draw the joints to a suitable scale.

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