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Formula Sheet

The document contains formulas for calculating solar radiation on horizontal and inclined surfaces. It includes equations for declination, hour angle, incidence angle, daylight hours, extraterrestrial and hourly radiation. Methods are provided for estimating diffuse and global radiation on both surface types.

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20JE0112 Amar Singh
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38 views2 pages

Formula Sheet

The document contains formulas for calculating solar radiation on horizontal and inclined surfaces. It includes equations for declination, hour angle, incidence angle, daylight hours, extraterrestrial and hourly radiation. Methods are provided for estimating diffuse and global radiation on both surface types.

Uploaded by

20JE0112 Amar Singh
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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FORMULA SHEET

1. Hour Angle(𝝎s) = cos-1(-tan𝛅tan𝝓)


2. td(daylight hours) = (2/15) cos-1(–tan𝛅tan𝝓) hours
360
3. Declination, (𝛅) = 23.45 x sin[ (284+n)¿ degrees (where n is day of the year
365
counted from 1st January.)
4. Hour Angle, (𝝎)= [12:00 – Solar Time] (in hours) × 15 degrees
5. Angle of Incidence, (𝝓i) , cos 𝝓i = cos𝛅cos𝝎(cos𝝓cos𝞫+sin𝝓sin𝞫cos𝛄)
+cos𝛅sin𝝎sin𝞫sin+sin𝛅(sin𝝓cos𝞫-cos𝝓sin𝞫cos𝛄)
6. Solar time = Standard time ± 4 (Lst – Lloc) (min) + E (min)
7. E = 9.87 sin 2B – 7.53 cos B – 1.5 sin B min
8. B = (360/364)(n – 81)

Extraterrestrial radiation (energy) on horizontal surface

1. Daily radiation(Ho) =
24 360 n
3600 x x Isc[1+0.033cos ](cos𝞱cos𝛅sin𝝎s+𝝎ssin𝛅sin𝞱) kJ/m2
π 365
360 n 𝝎 1+ 𝝎 2
2. Hourly radiation (Io) = 3600 xIsc[1+0.033cos ]{cos𝞱cos𝛅cos( )
365 2
+sin𝛅sin𝞱)
Hg td
3. =a+b( )(monthly average of all)
Ho t d max
td
4. a = -0.309+0.539cos𝞱- 0.0693EL+ 0.29( )
t d max
td
5. b = 1.527-1.027cos𝞱+0.0926EL-0.359( )
t d max
6. Gopinath and Soler for estimation of diffused radiation:
Hd td Hg
= 0.87813-0.3328KT-0.53039( ) where KT = (monthly average
Hg t d max Ho
clearness index.
7. Garg and Garg for estimation of diffused radiation:
Hd td
= 0.8677-0.7635( )
Hg t d max
8. expression for estimation of monthly average, hourly, global radiation :
Ig Io a+bcos𝝎
=
Hg Ho fc
𝝎 s−sin 𝝎 scos 𝝎 s
9. fc=a+0.5b[ ]
sin𝝎 s−𝝎 scos 𝝎 s
10. a = 0.409 + 0.5016 sin (𝝎s – 60°)
11. b = 0.6609 – 0.4767 sin (𝝎s – 60°)

12. estimation of monthly average, hourly, diffuse radiation :


Id Io 0.27
= (a+bcos𝝎) where, a=0.4922+{ } for 0.1≤H d / Hg≤0.7
Hd Ho H d /Hg
0.133 2(1−a)( sin𝝎 s−𝝎 scos 𝝎 s)
Or a=0.76+{ } for 0.7¿H d / Hg≤0.9 and, b =
H d /Hg 𝝎 s−0.5 sin 2𝝎 s

SOLAR RADIATION ON INCLINED PLANE SURFACE


1. For south facing surface, g = 0°,
𝝎st sin𝛅sin (𝝓−𝞫 )+cos𝛅sin𝝎 st cos (𝝓−𝞫 )
Rb =
𝝎s sin𝛅sin𝝓 +cos𝛅sin𝝎 scos 𝝓
where, 𝝎 st = sunrise hour angle expressed in radians on tilted surface
𝝎 s = sunrise hour angle expressed in radians on horizontal surface
1+ cos𝞫
2. Rd=rd=
2
3. 𝝆¿
Rr=rr= )
HT Hd Hd
4. = (1- )Rb+ Rd+Rr
Hg Hg Hg

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