Chemistry 11 Unit 5 – Topics 5 and 15

Energetics Past Paper Questions –

SOLUTIONS
REMEMBER: 1. No calculators are allowed on Paper 1.
2. You may use an IB Periodic Table on Paper 1.
3. You may find helpful information in the DATA BOOKLET in Paper 2.

PAPER 1

PAPER 1

1. D 2. C 3. B 4. B 5. B
6. C 7. C 8. D 9. D 10. D
11. B 12. A 13. B 14. A 15. D
16. C 17. B 18. B 19. D 20. B
20a. D 20b. C 20c. B

PAPER 2

21. (i) symbol = standard enthalpy of reaction;

The temperature would increase because the reaction is exothermic (as shown by the
negative sign for ∆Hº)

(ii) The ∆H value would be more negative.

There is more heat given out when a gas changes to solid. (Or the solid state of a

substance is lower than the gaseous state.)

(iii) –389 kJ

22. (a) exothermic because temperature rises/heat is released

(b) to make any heat loss as small as possible

(c) q = mc∆T
=100×4.18×3.5
= 1463 J/1.463 kJ

amount of KOH/HCl used = 0.500×0.050 = 0.025 mol

–1
∆H = (1.463÷0.025) = –58.5 kJ mol

(d) error = heat loss (to the surroundings)

how to minimize = insulate the reaction vessel/use a lid OR draw a temperature versus
time graph and find a corrected final temperature value

(e) ∆T = 3.5°C (or temperature change would be the same)

reason = amount (moles) of base reacted would be the same OR KOH is the limiting
reagent

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Chemistry 11 Unit 5 – Topics 5 and 15

23. (a) amount of energy needed to break one mole of (covalent) bonds in the gaseous state,
taken as an average calculated from a range of compounds

-1
(b) bonds broken: 614 + 2×346 + 8×414 + 6×499 = 7606 kJ mol

1
bonds made: 8×804 + 8×463 = 10136 kJ mol

-1
∆H = bonds broken - bonds made = ∆H = -2530 kJ mol

(c) same enthalpy change, because the same bonds are being broken and formed

but-1-ene but-2-ene

(d) products more stable than reactants

bonds are stronger in products than reactants

24. Eq 1 x -1 CO2 + 2H2O 🡪 CH3OH + 1 ½ O2 +676 kJ mol-1

Eq 2 x 1 C + O2 🡪 CO2 -394 kJ mol-1

Eq 3 x 2 2H2 + O2 🡪 2H2O -484 kJ mol-1

––––––––––––––––––––––––––– ––––––––––––––
C + 2H2 + ½ O2 🡪 CH3OH ∆H4 = -202 kJ mol-1

25. (i) C2H4(g) + H2(g) → C2H6(g)

(ii) The products are more stable than the reactants.

The products are lower in energy.

(iii) The bonds in reactants are weaker overall, and the bonds in the products are stronger

overall.

This means less energy is needed to break the weaker bonds in the reactants and
more energy is produced when the stronger bonds in the products form. Thus the
reaction is exothermic.

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Chemistry 11 Unit 5 – Topics 5 and 15

26. C(s) + 2F2(g) → CF4(g) ∆H1 = –680 kJ;

4F(g) → 2F2(g) ∆H2 = 2(–158) kJ;
C(g) → C(s) ∆H3 = –715 kJ;

C(g) + 4F(g) → CF4(g) ∆H = –1711 kJ,

so average energy to FORM one C–F bond =

–1
= –428 kJ mol

Therefore the bond enthalpy (i.e. energy to break one mole of a bond) = +428 kJ mol-1

27. Mass of sample of sucrose, m = 0.4385 g

Volume of water in calorimeter = 200 cm3

(a) ΔT = 23.70 – 23.03 = 0.67 (°C/K)

(b) qH2O = mc∆T

= 200 x 4.18 x 0.67
= 560 J

(c)

(d) (i) ∆H = 560 J / 1.281 x 10-3 mol = 4.4 x 105 J mol-1 = 4.4 x 102 kJ mol-1

(ii) From Table 13: ∆Hºcomb = -5640 kJ mol-1 = 5.64 x 103 kJ mol-1

(e) The enthalpy change of combustion of sucrose is greater than TNT, and therefore is
not important.
The rate of reaction for TNT is greater than that of sucrose, so this is valid.
The amount of gas generated per mole for sucrose > than that of TNT according to the
given equation, so this is not important.

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Chemistry 11 Unit 5 – Topics 5 and 15

28. (i) The energy required to break 1 mole of bonds in the gaseous state, taken as the
average value for that bond from a number of similar compounds.
Ө
(ii) ∆H reaction = ∑BEreactants - BEproducts
= [CCtriple +2(C–H) +2(H–H)] – [C–C + 6(C–H)]
= [(839) + 2(414) + 2(436)] – [(346 + 6(414))
= 2539 – 2830
= - 291kJ mol-1

(iii) trend in BE: C-Cl > C-Br > C-I

The radius of the halogen atom increases from Cl to Br to I, so the bonding electrons
are farther from the nucleus. The strength of the force of attraction between the nuclei
and the shared valence electrons decreases, so less energy is needed to break the
bonds.

29. (i) The change in energy for the formation of 1 mol of a substance from its elements and
measured under standard conditions (100 kPa and 298 K).

(ii) 2C (s) + 3H2 (g) + 1/2O2 (g) 🡪 C2H5OH(l)

(iii)

∆Hf C2H5OH = ∑∆HC (react) - ∑∆HC (prod)

= [2(-394) + 3(-286)] - [-1367]

= -279 kJ mol-1

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Chemistry 11 Unit 5 – Topics 5 and 15

30.

OR:

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Chemistry 11 Unit 5 – Topics 5 and 15

31.

∆Hlattice + ∆Hhyd Ca2+ + 2∆Hhyd F– = ∆Hsolution CaF2

2651 + (-1616) + 2(-504) = x

x = +27 kJ mol-1

32. (a) 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6

(b) E = S1–(g)

(c) Energy is needed to overcome the force of repulsion between the negative ion and the
electron.

(d) B = enthalpy of vapourisation (or atomisation)

D = second ionisation energy

F = second electron affinity

(e) The second electron removed is taken from a positive ion, so a greater force of
attraction must be overcome.

(f) Use the same approach as for the “triangle version” of the Born Haber cycle

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Chemistry 11 Unit 5 – Topics 5 and 15

∑ clockwise arrow values (green) = ∑ counter-clockwise arrow values (orange)

178 + 279 + 590 + 1145 + (-200) + x + (-3013) = -482
x - 1021 = -482
x = 539 kJ mol