NUMBER SYSTEM

Definition: A system in which we study different types of numbers, their relationship and rules govern in
them is called Number System. In the Hindu Arabic system, we use the symbols 0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9. These
symbols are called digits.

FACE AND PLACE VALUE OF A DIGITS

Face Value: Number peksa ah eng digit tan pawh a Face Value tur chu a digit awmna position
zawng zawng ignore a, kha digit in value a neih ang tawp lak zel kha a face value tur chu a ni.

Place Value: Amaherawhchu Place value kan zawn dawn chuan kha digit awmna position ang zel
khan a danglam thung ang.

Entirnan: Number pakhat 456789 hi lo nei in 6 tan hian a face value lo zawng dawn ta ila. 6 hi
Thousand’s place (position) ah a awm a, Face Value lo zawng duh ta ila, a position khi kan ignore
ang a, 6 tawp khi a face value tur a ni. Tin 4 tan pawh khian a face value tur chu 4 a ni leh tawp
mai. Mahse Palce value kan zawn duh chuan a position leh kha digit (a place value kan zawn duh
kha) multiply zel tur a ni.

Place value of 6 = 6 X 1000 =6000

Place value of 4 = 4 X 100000 = 400000.

Place value of 7 = ?

Face Value of 5 = ?

Place value of 8 + Face Value of 8 = ?

TYPES OF NUMBERS

1. Natural Numbers: Natural Numbers chu Counting Numbers atan a kan hman chi ho hi a ni mai
a. A set ang zawng a kan ziah chuan N tia ziah thin a ni.

N = { 1,2,3,4,5..........}

 Natural number te ber chu 1 a ni a, a lian ber a awmlo thung.

 Natural number zawng zawng hi an positive vek bawk.

2. Whole Numbers: Whole Numbers chu Natural numbers a 0 belh hi a ni leh mai. A set ang zawng
a kan ziah chuan W tia ziah thin a ni.

W = { 0,1,2,3,4,5..........}

 Whole number te ber chu 0 a ni a, a lian ber a awmlo thung.

3. Integers: Integers kan tih ho chu Whole number leh Natural number ho a Nagative sign dah ho
zawng zawng in belh bawmin an siam leh a. A set ang zawng a kan ziah chuan Z tia ziah thin a ni.

Z= {....-4,-3,-2,-1,0,1,2,3,4,.......}
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  Whole number ho hi non-negative integer ti a sawi thin ani.
 Natural number ho hi positive integer ti a sawi thin a ni.
 0 hi positive a ni lo a ,negative a ni hek lo.

4. Even Numbers: Counting Numbers ho hi 2 in a semral theih chuan Even number tia sawi thin an
ni.

Entirnan. 2,4,6,8,10 etc.

# Even number ho chu a tawp ah 2,4,6,8,0 a awm zel thin.

5. Odd Numbers: Counting Numbers ho hi 2 in a semral theihloh chuan Even number tia sawi thin
an ni.

Entirnan. 1,3,5,7,9 etc.

# Odd Number ho tawp ah 1,3,5,7,9 a awm zel thin.

6. Prime Numbers: Counting Numbers ho hian Divisor(chuang awm lo sem theitu) pahnih chiah a
neih chuan Prime Number ti a sawi thin a ni. Eg. 2,3,5,7,11,.....

* 1 hi prime number a ni lo, a chhan chu 1 chiah Divisor a neih avangin.

* 2 chauh hi Even Number ni si prime number awmchhun a ni.

* Prime number engpawh 3 aia lian hi 6 n+1 , n ∈ Z tia ziah theih a ni.

7. Composite Numbers: Natural number ni si, prime number nilo ho zawng zawng hi Composite
numbers ti a sawi thin an ni. Composite number hian factor (chuang awmlo a sem theitu) 1 bakah 1
tal a nei ngei ngei tur a ni.

Eg. 4,6,8,9 etc.

8. Rational Numbers: Eng number pawh form a kan ziah theih ho reng reng hi
Rational Number tia sawi a ni.

Entirna; etc.

 Integer zawng zawng hi Rational Number an ni vek.

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9. Irrational Numbers: Eng number pawh ratio of Two integers a dah theih loh tawh phawt hi
irrational Number ti a sawi a ni.

Entirna : etc.

10. Real Number : Rational Number zawng zawng leh Irrational Number zawng zawng lakkhawm
hi Real Number an ti. Set anga ziah lan a nih dawn chuan R ti a sawi thin a ni.

DIVISION

Number pakhat a number dang kan han sem reng reng hian a semtu kha Divisor tiin an sawi thin
a, kan sem a kha Dividend tiin an sawi bawk. Tin a result lo chhuak a kha Quotient tiin an sawi a,
a chuang lo awm thin kha Remainder an ti bawk.

Entirnan: 3 in 17 hi lo sem ta ila,

Dividend = 17, Divisor = 3, Quotient = 5, Remainder = 2

Number 1 kan lo nei ta a, chu number chuang awm miah lo (i.e. Remainder =0) a sem theitu chu Factor an ti
a, chu kan number in chuang awm lo a sem theih ho kha chu number tan chuan a Multiples tiin an sawi thin
thung.

Entirna: 16 tan hian a factors leh multiples lo en ila.

Factors = 1,2,4,8,16

Multiples = 16, 32,48,64, .......

Note: (a) 1 hian eng pawh a sem theih avangin 1 hi engtan pawh factor a ni.

(b) Eng number pawh hi anmahni leh mahni kha an factor an ni nghal a, anmahni zel kha anmahni
multiple an ni nghal zel bawk.

DIVISIBILITY TEST

Divisibility by 2 : Number a last digit kha 0 emaw even number a nih chuan 2 in a sem thei zel.
Eg. 10, 2356, 214.
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Divisibility by 3 : Number a digit ho zawng zawng kha belhkha-wm vek tur. Khami number
belhkhawm kha 3 in a sem theih chuan kha number kha 3 in a sem thei a ni mai.

Entirna. 2478 2+4+7+8=21 hi 3 in a sem theih avangin 2478 hi 3 in a sem thei.

1298 1+2+9+8=20 hi 3 in a sem theilo a, chuvangin 1298 hi 3 in a sem theilo.

Divisibility by 4: Number a digit hnuhnung 2 kha 4 in a sem theih chuan kha number pumpui kha
4 in a sem thei zel thin.

Eg. 5412 hi 4 in a sem thei, a chhan chu 12 hi 4 in a sem theih avangin.

1234 hi 4 in a sem theilo, 14 hi 4 in a sem theihloh avangin.

Divisibility by 5: Number reng reng a tawpa 0 emaw 5 awm zawng zawng chu 5 in a sem thei zel.
Eg. 210, 1234565, 67890.

Divisibility by 6 : Number reng reng 2 leh 3 in an sem theih ve ve chuan kha number kha 6 in a sem
thei zel thin. Eg. 1440.

Divisibility by 7 : Number 7 in a sem theih leh theih loh kan check dawn chuan a last digit kha 2 in
kan multiply hnuah number dang la awm zawng atang khan paih tur a ni a, chu number lo chhuak
chu 7 in a sem theih chuan chu number pumpui chu 7 in a sem theih zel ang.

Eg. 665 hi lo en ta ila. 66−2× 5=56 hi 7 in a sem theih avangin 665 hi 7 in a sem thei a ni.

Divisibility by 8: Number reng reng hnuhnung digit 3 kha 8 in a sem theih chuan 8 in kha number
kha a sem thei ang. Eg. 12345256 hi 8 in a sem thei a chhan chu 256 hi 8 in a sem theih avangin.

Divisibility by 9: Number a digit ho zawng zawng kha belhkha-wm vek tur. Khami number
belhkhawm kha 9 in a sem theih chuan kha number kha 9 in a sem thei a ni mai.

Eg. 936819 9+3+6+8+1+9=36 hi 9 in a sem theih avangin 9 in 936819 hi a sem thei a ni.

Divisibility by 10 : Number reng reng a tawpa 0 awm chu 10 in a sem thei thin. Eg. 1000000, 99990,
567890.

Divisibility by 11: Number 11 in a sem theih leh theih loh en tur chuan kha number a odd places a
digit awm ho leh even places a digit awmho kha belhkhawm ve ve tur a ni a, chu kan number
belhkhawm chu a lo inan chiah emaw a inthlauhna chu 11 in a sem theih chuan chu number chu 11
in a sem thei zel ang.

Eg. 60236

Sum of digit at odd places = 6+2+6 = 14

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Sum of digit at even places = 0 +3=3

Inthlauhna = 14 – 3 =11, hei hi 11 in a sem theih avangin 60236 hi 11 in a sem thei ang.

Eg. 2865423

Sum of digit at odd places = 3+4+6+2=15

Sum of digit at even places = 2+5+8 = 15

Kan number belhkhawm a inang chiah a, chuvangin 11 in a sem thei ang.

UNITS/LAST DIGITS OF AN EXPRESSION

Exam thenkhatah hian Number thenkhat hi in multiply ta chiam maise la, enge a last digit ni ang
tih zawhna a awm thin a, hetiang ang chhanna zawn dan hi sawi i lo tum ang hmiang.

Eg. Find the unit/last digit of .

1. Number kha product form in lo awm tase: Hetiang case ah hi chuan a last digit ho kha multiply
a, chumi last digit chu kan answer tur chu a ni ang.

Entirnan a chung a number in multiply khi lo ngaihtuah ta ila, khing number khi
multiply chiam ngai lo in a last digit ho chauh khi multiply khawm mai tur a ni. Hetiang hi Bank
Exam, SSC Exam ho ah hian a chhuak fo thin. Khimi last digit zawn dan tur chu a last digit ho lo la
chhuak ta ila,

, chute chu a last digit tur chu 4 tihna a ni dawn nih chu!

2. Number kha index form i.e. AB in dah tase:

Case I : B hi 4 in sem thei tase

(a) A hi even number (i.e. 2,4,6,8 a tawp ho kha) ni tase, last digit tur chu 6 a ni ang.
Eg. 240 hi 4 in a sem thei a, chuvangin 2 240, 4240, 6240 , 8240 ho unit/last digit ho chu 6 a ni
vek ang.

(b) A hi odd number (i.e. 1,3,5,7,9 a tawpho kha) lo nita sela, last digit tur chu 1 a ni ang.
Eg. 240 hi 4 in a sem thei a, chuvangin 21 240, 142479240, 69240 , 81240 ho unit/last digit ho chu
1 a ni vek ang.

Case II : B hi 4 in a lo sem theilo ta sela

R hi 4 in B a sem a, a chuang (remainder) ni tase. Unit/ last digit of A B leh last/unit digit of
AR a inang zel thin.

Entirnan 9111 a unit digit hi lo zawng duh ta ni ila,

111 hi 4 in a sem thei lo a, a chuang/remainder 3 a nei a. 9 111 a unit digit leh 93 a unit digit hi
a inang reng a ni.

Unit digit of 9111 = unit digit of 93= unit digit of

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 = unit digit of 729 = 9

Note: Eng number pawh index forma a pekin a chung a Case I & II hmang khian unit/last digit a zawn theih
vek a, amaherawh chu a hnuai a mi hre thei ila, thil thenkhatah a awlsam leh zual.

Kan number peksa kha AB lo ni tase la, A hi number 0,1,5,6 in tawp ta se la, B hi engzah pawh ni se
0 chu 0 a answer a ni ang a, chutiang bawkin 1 chu 1, 5 chu 5, 6 chu 6 zel a unit/last digit a ni zel
ang.

Unit digit’s of (543210)125679=0

Unit digit’s of (544211)1259=1

Unit digit’s of (143215) 5679=5

Unit digit’s of (44326)1259=6

THIL PAWIMAWH HRIATNGAI THENKHAT TE:

1. Odd Number reng reng hi a square ah odd number a chhuak zel thin a, even number square ah
erawh even zel a chhuak thin thung.

2. Sum of first N natural numbers . (Natural number hmasa N ho belhkhawm)

Eg. Natural number hmasa 50 belhkhawm

i.e. 1+2+3+4+...+50 .

3. Sum of first N odd numbers = N2 (Natural odd numbers hmasa N ho belhkhhawm)

Eg. Odd Number hmasa 100 belhkhawm

i.e. 1+3+5+7+9+...+199

4. Sum of first N even members = N(N+1)

Eg. Sum of first 20 even numbers

i.e. 2+4+6+ ...+40 = 20(20+1) = 420

5. Number of prime factors of a p b q c r d s is p+q +r + s where a , b , c , d are prime numbers.

Eg.Number of prime factors (prime number nisi semtheitu) of 924?

924 hi hetiang hian an ziak thei a,

Number of prime factors = 2+1+1+1 = 5.

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COMMON MULTIPLE : Common multiple chu Mizo tawng takin “Chuang awm miah lo an sem
kawp theih” ti ila a chiang awm e. Number 3, P,Q leh R kan lo nei ta a, P leh Q te hian a
chuang(remainder) awm miah lo in R hi an sem theih chuan R hi “common multiple of P and Q” ti
a sawi thin a ni.

Entirnan hetiang hian lo sawi tai la,

Multiples of 3 (3 in chuang awm lo a sem theihte) = {3,6,9,12,15,18,21,24,27,30,33,36,39,42,45,48,....}

Multiples of 5 (5 in a chuang awm lo a sem theihte) = {5,10,15,20,25,30,35,40,45,50.....}

A chung ami hi kan en chuan 3 leh 5 te hian an sem kawp theih chu 15, 30, 45 etc. te an ni tih kan
hre thei ang. Heng an sem kawp theih numbers ho hi Common Multiples ti a kan sawiho chu an ni a,
heng an number sem kawp theih ho zingah hian 15 hi a te ber a, he an number semkawp dun theih
zinga number te ber hi “Least Common Multiple (LCM)” tiin an sawi thin.

LCM zawndan:

1. Prime Factorization method: Hetiang method ah hi chuan number kha kan split in prime number
chauh in split tur.

Entirnan 20, 45, 60 te hi LCM lo zawng dawn ta ila,

2 20 3 45 2 60
2 10 3 15 2 30
5 5 5 5 3 15
1 1 5 5
1

20,45 leh 60 te hi prime number 2,3,5 ah kan split a, LCM zawn dawn chuan number kan split na ho
hi a power tam berk kan la zel ang. 2 ah a power tam ber chu 22 a ni a, 3 ah 32 leh 5 ah 51 a ni bawk.

LCM .

2. Division Method: He method hi an hman tlanglawn ber pakhat a ni. He Method ah hi chuan a
semtu/divisor te kha Prime Number vek hman thin a ni.

RULE: 1. A semtu tur number kan thlan/Divisor khan number ho kha 2 tal a sem thei zel tur a ni (a sem
theitu an awm tawh loh chuan kan process tawp hun tur a ni mai)

2. Number sem theih loh chuan a ngai a lak thlak tur .

1. Entirnan 15,24,32,45 tan hian LCM lo zawng dawn ta ila.

2 15 24 32 45 Step 1
2 15 12 16 45 Step 2
2 15 6 8 45 Step 3

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 3 15 3 4 45 Step 4
5 5 1 4 15 Step 5
1 1 4 3 Step 6

Step 1: Prime number te ber 2 atangin bul kan tan ang. Number 2, 24 leh 32 hi 2 in a sem thei a,
chuvangin 2 hi divisor ah kan thlang thei.

Step 2: Number 2, 12 leh 16 hi 2 in a sem thei a, chuvangin 2 hi divisor ah kan thlang thei.

Step 3: Number 2, 6 leh 8 hi 2 in a sem thei a, chuvangin 2 hi divisor ah kan thlang thei.

Step 4: Number ho zinga mi 4 chauh khi 2 in a sem thei a, chuvangin 2 chu divisor atan kan thlang
thei tawh lo. 2 aia prime number lian leh chiah chu 3 a ni a, Number 2, 15 leh 45 hi 3 in a sem thei a,
chuvangin 3 hi divisor ah kan thlang thei.

Step 5: Number ho zing a 1, 15 chauh 3 in a sem thei a, chuvangin 3 hi divisor ah kan thlang tawh
lo ang. 3 aia lian chiah prime number chu 5 a ni a. 5 in 5 leh 15 a la sem theih avangin 5 divisor ah
kan thlang ang.

Step 6 : Eng prime number mahin 1,1, 4,3 hi a sem kawp thei lo a, chu vangin hetah hian kan ti
tawp ang.

LCM =

2. Example: LCM of 120, 200, 700

2 120 200 700

2 60 100 350
2 30 50 175
5 15 25 175
5 3 5 35
3 1 7

LCM =

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