I.

Preliminaries

a. Remedial Law distinguished from substantive law

b. Prospective Effect of the Rules of Court/ Retroactive Application of Rules
of Court
c. Applicability to pending actions; retroactivity

d. Rule-making power of the Supreme Court i.

Constitution, Art. VI, Sec. 30

ii. Constitution, Art. VIII, Sec. 5(5)

e. Power of the Supreme Court to suspend the Rules of Court

• Sarmiento v. Zaratan, G.R. No. 167471, 5 February 2007- Alauya,

Omairah M.
• Labao v. Flores, G.R. No. 187984, 15 November 2010-Alauya, Omairah
M.
• Gios-Samar, Inc. v. DOTC, G.R. No. 217158, 12 March 2019 Palantig,
Amal G.
f. Distinctions: Civil Action, Criminal Action, and Special Proceedings

II. General Principles

a. Nature and classification of Philippine Courts

b. Doctrine of Exhaustion of Administrative Remedies
• Spouses Gonzales v. Marmaine Realty Corp., G.R. No. 214241,
January 13, 2016- Palantig, Amal G.
c. Doctrine of Primary Jurisdiction
• Fabia v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 132684, 11 Sept 2002- Alim,
Tahanie B
• Lihaylihay v. The Treasurer of the Republic of the Phil., G.R. No.
192223, 23 July 2018, Leonen- Alim, Tahanie B
d. Doctrine of non-interference or doctrine of judicial stability
• Tan v. Cinco, G.R. No. 213054, 15 June 2016- Alim, Tahanie B
.
• Specified Contractors & Dev Inc v. Pobocan G.R. No. 212014-15,
212427-28, 212694-95, 212794- 95, 6 December 2016 - Alim, Tahanie B

III. Jurisdiction

1
Patterned from the Course Syllabus of Atty. Francesca Lourdes M. Señga.

Page 1 of 20
 a. Statute in force at the time of the commencement of the action
• Cang v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 105308, 25 September 1998- Asinda,
Janisa P.
b. Classification of jurisdiction i.
Original vs. Appellate ii.
General vs. Special
iii. Exclusive vs. Concurrent

c. Doctrines of hierarchy of courts and continuity of jurisdiction

• Gios-Samar, Inc. v. DOTC,G.R. No. 217158, 12 March 2019- Asinda, Janisa
P.

d. Jurisdiction of various Philippine courts

i. Katarungang Pambarangay (Sec. 399-422, Local Government Code)
NOTE: Particularly a condition precedent, just like earnest efforts and
arbitration, NOT on jurisdiction, as LGC on Barangay provides “authority
to bring together the parties for an amicable settlement”. Thus, an ADR,
not jurisdiction to hear and decide a case.

• Condition Precedent
• See also Art. 151, Family Code – earnest efforts toward
compromise between member of the family
• Art. 2041 of the Civil Code
• Lansangan v. Caisip, G.R. No. 212987, 6 August 2018- Asinda, Janisa P.
• Abagatnan v. Spouses Clarito, G.R. No. 211966, 7 August 2017- Asinda,
Janisa P.
• Chavez v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 159411, 18 March 2005-
Bangcola, Hidaya B.

ii. Jurisdiction over small claims, cases covered by the rules on

Summary Procedure
• Summary Procedure v. Summary Proceeding (Art. 100, 252, 253,
Family Code)

iii. Section 5 (4) Article VIII of the 1987 Constitution

iv. B.P. 129 – Judicial Reorganization Act of 1980, as amended by RA
115761
• Anama v. Citibank G.R. No. 192048, 13 December 2017-
Bangcola, Hidaya B.
• Sps. Trayvilla v. Sejas G.R. No. 204970, 1 February 2016-
Bangcola, Hidaya B.
• Heirs of Reterta v. Sps. Lopez G.R. No. 159941, 17 August 2011-
Bangcola, Hidaya B.

v. Republic Act No. 11576- An Act Further Expanding the Jurisdiction of

MTCs

vi. A.M. No. 08-8-SC

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 vii. P.D. 1606 as amended by Republic Act 8249; Republic Act 10660 –
Sandiganbayan

viii. Republic Act 8369 – Family Courts Act

ix. Republic Act 8799, Sec. 5.2 – Securities Regulations Code

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 e. Aspects of jurisdiction

i. Jurisdiction over the Subject Matter

• Sps. Erorita v. Sps. Dumlao G.R. No. 195477, 25 January 2016-
BASHER, Amerhussein G.
• Rivera v. Catalo, A.M. No. RTJ-15-2422, 20 July 2015- BASHER,
Amerhussein G.
• Heirs of Alfredo Bautista v. Lindo, G.R. No. 208232, 10 March
2014- BASHER, Amerhussein G.
• Heirs of Julao v. De Jesus, G.R. No. 176020, 29 September 2014-
BASHER, Amerhussein G.

ii. Jurisdiction over the Parties

• David v. Agtibay, G.R. No. 199113, 18 March 2015- Boransing,
Khadija A.
• Miranda v. Tuliao, G.R. No. 158763, 31 March 2006-- Boransing,
Khadija A.

• Palmiano-Salvador v. Angeles, G.R. No. 171219, 3 September-

2012-- Boransing, Khadija A.

iii. Jurisdiction over the Issues

• Bernabe v. Vergara, G.R. No. L-48652, 16 September 1942--
Boransing, Khadija A.

iv. Jurisdiction over the Res

• De Joya v. Marquez, G.R. No. 162416, 31 January 2006-Cali
• Gomez v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 127692, 10 March 2004- Cali

v. Estoppel Jurisdiction
• Tijam v. Sibonghanoy, G.R. No. L-21450, 15 April 1968- Cali
• Figueroa v People, G.R. No. 147406, 04 July 2008 – Cali
clarifying the ruling in Tijam

IV. Actions

a. Ordinary Civil Actions, Special Civil Actions, Criminal Actions, Special

Proceedings
b. Personal actions and Real Actions
• Sps. Trayvilla v. Sejas G.R. No. 204970, 1 February 2016- Comadug,
Aminkhair M.
• Heirs of Reterta v. Sps. Lopez G.R. No. 159941, 17 August 2011-

Comadug, Aminkhair M.

c. Actions in rem, in personam, and quasi in rem

V. Rule 2 - Cause of Action

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 a. Meaning of cause of action

• Heirs of Tomas Dolleton v. Fil-Estate Management, Inc., G.R. No. 170750, 7

April 2009- Comadug, Aminkhair M.
• Right of Action – Multi-Realty Development Corp., G.R. No. 146726, 16 June
2006- Comadug, Aminkhair M.
• Consular Area Residents Association v. Casanova G.R. No. 202618, 12
April 2016- Daud, Nanisa S.

b. Test of sufficiency of cause of action

Page 5 of 20
 • Misamis Occidental II Cooperative, Inc. v. David, G.R. No. 129928, 25 August-
Daud, Nanisa S.

c. Splitting of a single cause of action and its effects

• Marilag v. Martinez G.R. No. 201892, 22 July 2015- Daud, Nanisa S.

• Yap v. First E-Bank Corporation, G.R. No. 169889, 29 September 2009- Daud,
Nanisa S.
• Umale v. Canoga Park Development Corp., G.R. No. 167246, 20 July 2011- Daud,
Sobair.
• Chu et al v. Cunanan G.R. No. 156185, 12 September 2011- Daud, Sobair.
• Riviera Golf Club Inc v. CCA Holdings B.V. G.R. No. 173783, 17 June 2015 Daud,
Sobair.

e. Joinder and misjoinder of causes of action

• Perez v. Hernano, G.R. No. 147417, 8 July 2005- Daud, Sobair.

• Danilo v. Pedro, G.R. No. 155736, 31 March 2005- EBRAHIM, Fatima Salma A.

> Totality Rule (BP 129, Sec. 33)

• Flores v. Mallare-Phillipps, G.R. No. L-66620, 24 September 1986- EBRAHIM,

Fatima Salma A.

VI. Rule 3 - Parties to Civil Actions

a. Natural and Juridical Persons, Entities Authorized by law

• Verzosa v. Fernandez, 49. Phil. 627 (1926)- EBRAHIM, Fatima Salma A.

b. Real parties in interest

• Evangelista v. Santiago, G.R. No. 157447, 29 April 2005- EBRAHIM,

Fatima Salma A.

c. Representatives as parties

• V-Gent, Inc. v. Morning Star Travel & Tours, Inc., G.R. No. 186305, 22-
Guinal, Hadeel A.
July 2015
• Oposa v. Factoran, G.R. No. 101083, 30 July 1993- Guinal, Hadeel A.
• Resident Marine Mammals of Tanon Strait v. Reyes G.R. No. 180771,
21 April 2015- Guinal, Hadeel A.
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 d. Indispensable parties

• In the Matter of the Heirship of the Late Hermogenes Rodriguez, G.R. No.
182645, 15 December 2010 (Resolution)- Guinal, Hadeel A.
• Cerezo v. Tuazon, G.R. No. 141538, 23 March 2004- H. Ibrahim, Johanah
P
• Foster-Gallego v. Spouses Galang, G.R. No. 130228, July 27, 2004-- H.
Ibrahim, Johanah P

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 e. Necessary parties;

• Caravan Travel and Tours International, Inc. v. Abejar, G.R. No.

170631, February 10, 2016-- H. Ibrahim, Johanah P

f. Indigent parties;

• Spouses Algura v. City of Naga G.R. No. 150135, 30 October 2006-- H.

Ibrahim, Johanah P

g. Alternative defendants

h. Compulsory and permissive joinder of parties

i. Misjoinder and non-joinder of parties

• Divinagracia v. Parilla G.R. No. 196750, 11 March 2015-
JAMAL, Adelaina A.

j. Class suit
k. Suits against entities without juridical personality
l. Effect of death of party litigant
• Spouses De la Cruz v. Joaquin, G.R. No. 162788, July 28, 2005- JAMAL,
Adelaina A.
• Gaffney v. Butler G.R. No. 219408, 8 November 2017- JAMAL, Adelaina A.
• San Juan v. Cruz G.R. No.167321, 31 July 2006- JAMAL, Adelaina A.

m. Death or separation of a party who is a public officer n.

Incompetency or incapacity
o. Transfer of Interest
p. Notice to Solicitor General

VII. Rule 4 - Venue

a. Venue vs. Jurisdiction

• Nocum v. Lucio Tan G.R. No. 145022, 23 September 2005-

Khalid, Amen L

b. Venue in civil cases vs. Criminal cases

• Nocum v. Lucio Tan G.R. No. 145022, 23 September 2005- Khalid, Amen
L

c. Venue of real actions

d. Venue of personal actions

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 e. Venue of actions against non-residents f.
When the rules on venue does not apply
• Ley Construction & Development Corp v. Sedan G.R. No. 222711, 23
August 2017- Khalid, Amen L
• Unimasters Conglomeration Inc v. CA G.R. No. 119657, 7 February
1997- Macapodi, Manar H.

g. Effects of stipulation on venue

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 h. Rule 8, Sec. 12

VIII. Pleadings

Rules 6 to 11, as amended by the 2019 Amendments to the 1997 Rules of Civil
Procedure

a. Pleading vs. Motion (Rule 6, Sec. 1; Rule 15, Sec. 1)

b. Kinds of Complaint and when they should be filed
c. Pleadings allowed in small claims cases and cases covered by the Rules on
Summary Procedure
d. Parts and contents of a pleading (Rule 7, Sec. 1-5, Rule 6, Sec. 3, Rule 6, Sec.
4, Rule 6, Sec. 5)
• Efficient Use of Paper Rule A.M. No. 11-9-4-SC
• Ao-As v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 128464, 20 June 2006-
Macapodi, Manar H.

• Victory Liner, Inc. v. Malinias, G.R. No. 151170, May 29, 2007-
Macapodi, Manar H.

• Judicial Affidavit Rule A.M. No. 12-8-8-SC

• Cosco Philippines Shipping, Inc. v. Kemper Insurance Co., G.R.
No. 179488, April 23, 2012- Manabilang, Hanifa D.

e. Periods to file pleadings f.

Allegations in a pleading

i. Manner of making allegations

ii. Complaint
• Reyes v. RTC of Makati, G.R. No. 165744, 11 August 2008-
Manabilang, Hanifa D.
• Lazaro v. Brewmaster Intl, Inc., G.R. No. 182779, 23 August 2010-
Manabilang, Hanifa D.

iii. Pleading an actionable document

iv. Answer

>Specific denials
• Memita v. Masongsong, G.R. No. 150912, 28 May 2007- Maradia,
Hayan L.

>Effect of failure to make specific denials

>Negative Pregnant
• Philippine American General Insurance Co., Inc. v. Sweet Lines,
G.R. No. 87434, 8 May 1992- Maradia, Hayan L.
• Galofa v. Nee Bon Sing, G.R. No. L-22018, January 17, 1968-
MIKUNUG, Tarhata M.

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 >Affirmative Defenses
>When a specific denial requires an oath

• Go Tong Electrical Supply Co., Inc. v. BPI Family Savings

Bank, Inc., G.R. No. 187487, June 29, 2015-
MIKUNUG, Tarhata M.

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 • Filipinas Textile Mills v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 119800,
November 12, 2003- MIKUNUG, Tarhata M.

g. Counterclaims
• Bangis v. Heirs of Adolfo, G.R. No. 190875, June 13, 2012- Mla,
Tahanie S.

i. Compulsory

• Metropolitan Bank v. CPR Promotions, G.R. No. 200567, 22 June

2015- Mla, Tahanie S.
• Financial Building Corp. v. Forbes Park Association, G.R. No.
133119, 17 August 2000

• Pinga v. Santiago, G.R. No. 170354, 30 June 2006- Mla, Tahanie S.

• Maceda v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 83545, 11 August 1989-

Mocsir, Rayyan

• Carpio v. Rural Bank of Sto. Tomas (Batangas), Inc., G.R. No.

153171, 4 May 2006- Mocsir, Rayyan

• North Greenhills Association, Inc. v. Morales, G.R. No. 222821,

August 9, 2017- Mocsir, Rayyan

ii. Permissive

• Alba v. Malapajo, G.R. No. 198752, 13 January 2016- MOSIB,

Alirasul M.
• Sy-Vargas v. Estate of Ogsos, G.R. No. 221062, October 5, 2016-
MOSIB, Alirasul M.

h. Effect of failure to plead

i. Failure to plead defenses and objections
ii. Failure to plead a compulsory counterclaim and cross-claim

i.Reply

• Casent Realty Development Corp. v. Philbanking Corporation,

G.R. No. 150731, 14 September 2007- MOSIB, Alirasul M.

j. Rejoinder

k. Default
i. When a declaration of default is proper
• Momarco Import Co., Inc. v. Villamena, G.R. No. 192477, July 27,
2016- MUSTAPHA, Ainah T.
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 ii.Effect of an order of default
• Gajudo v. Traders Royal Bank, G.R. No. 151098, 21 March 2006-
MUSTAPHA, Ainah T.

iii. Relief from an order of default

• Ramnani v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 101789, April 28, 1993-
MUSTAPHA, Ainah T.

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 iv. Default judgment and Relief from judgment by default

>Rule 37, Rules 40-41, Rule 38

> Rule 28, Sec. 3 (c)
• Martinez v. Republic, G.R. No. 160895, 30 October 2006- Ombra,
Nurodin Bacaraman
• Jao & Co., Inc. v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 93233 (Resolution),
December 19, 1995- Ombra, Nurodin Bacaraman
• Indiana Aerospace University v. Commission on Higher
Education, G.R. No. 139371, April 4, 2001- Ombra, Nurodin
Bacaraman

v. Effect of a partial default

vi. Extent of relief
vii. Actions where default are not allowed
viii. Extension of time to file an Answer
ix. Filing and service of pleadings – Rules 11 and 13, as amended

i. Payment of docket fees

ii. Periods of filing of pleadings
iii. Manner of filing
iv. Modes of service
v. Service of judgments, final orders or resolutions; service of
court-issued orders and other documents
vi. Priority of filing and service/ Conventional service or filing
of orders, pleadings, and other documents
vii. When service is deemed complete
viii. Proof of filing and service
ix. SC Admin Order No. 251- 20 dated 11 September 2020 on
the Guidelines on the Implementation in the Philippines of
the Hague Service Convention on the Service Abroad of
Judicial Documents in Civil and Commercial Matters

l. Notice of Lis Pendens

•Spouses Gonzales v. Marmaine Realty Corp., G.R. No. 214241,
January 13, 2016-
DIRON
m. Amendments
• Barfel Development Corp. v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 98177,
June 8, 1993- DIRON
• Godinez v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 154330, 15 February 2007-
DIRON

n. Supplemental Pleadings
• Shoemart, Inc. v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 86956, October 1,
1990- Panda, Mofidah H.N.
• Ada v. Baylon, G.R. No. 182435, 13 August 2012- Panda, Mofidah
H.N.

Page 14 of 20
IX. Summons – Rule 14, as amended

a.Nature and purpose of summons

Page 15 of 20
 • De Pedro v. Romasan Development Corp., G.R. No. 194751, November
26, 2014- Panda, Mofidah H.N.

b. Duty to Issue, Validity of Summons, Form c.

Voluntary appearance
• Uy v. Del Castillo, G.R. No. 223610, July 24, 2017- PANGANDAMAN,
DEEDATH B.
• Tujan-Militante v. Nustad, G.R. No. 209518, June 19, 2017-
PANGANDAMAN, DEEDATH B.

d. Who may serve summons

e. On whom summons will be served
• Heirs of Manguiat v. Court of Appeals, G.R. Nos. 150768 & 160176,
August 20, 2008- PANGANDAMAN, DEEDATH B.

• CCC Insurance Corp. v. Kawasaki Steel Corp., G.R. No. 156162, June
22, 2015- Pangarungan, Faranivah T.

f. Personal service, Substituted service, and Constructive service g.

Extraterritorial service, when allowed
• Arrieta v. Arrieta, G.R. No. 234808, November 19, 2018- Pangarungan,
Faranivah T.
• Perkin Elmer Singapore Pte Ltd. v. Dakila Trading Corp. G.R. No.
172242, August 14, 2007- Pangarungan, Faranivah T.

h. Service upon prisoners and minors; upon spouses

i. Service upon domestic or foreign private juridical entities j.
Proof of service

X. Motions – Rule 15, as amended a.

Motions in general
b. Form and Contents
c. Omnibus Motion Rule; Exceptions
d. Prohibited Motions; Exceptions
e. Litigious and Non-Litigious Motions
f. Motion Day
g. Motions for Bill of Particulars (Rule 12)

XI. Dismissal of Actions – Rule 17

a. Dismissal with prejudice

b. Dismissal upon notice by plaintiff
c. Dismissal upon motion by plaintiff; effect on existing counterclaim d.
Dismissal due to the fault of plaintiff
e. Dismissal of counterclaim; cross-claim or third-party complaint

• Limaco v. Shonan Gakuen Children's House Phil. Inc., G.R. No.

158245, June 30, 2005- Pansar, Alinor H.
• Heirs of Tungpalan v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 136207, June
Page 16 of 20
 21, 2005- Pansar, Alinor H.
• Blay v. Baña, G.R. No. 232189, March 7, 2018- Pansar, Alinor H.
• Quintos v. Nicolas, G.R. No. 210252, June 16, 2014- Pumbaya,
Jalina

Page 17 of 20
XII. Pre-Trial – Rule 18, as amended

a. Concept, Nature and Purpose of a pre-trial b.

Notice of pre-trial
c. Appearance of parties; effect of failure to appear
d. Pre-trial brief; effect of failure to appear and to file Pre-trial brief

• Paredes v. Verano, G.R. No. 164375, October 12, 200- Pumbaya, Jalina
• Spouses Khonghun v. United Coconut Planters Bank, G.R. No.
154334, July 31, 2006- Pumbaya, Jalina
• Domingo v. Spouses Singson, G.R. Nos. 203287 & 207936, April 5, 2017-
Sampaco, Nhorhanipha M.

e. Pre-trial order
f. Pre-trial in civil cases and pre-trial in criminal cases g.
Court-Annexed Mediation
h. Judicial Dispute Resolution
i. A.M. No. 19-10-20-SC, 2020 Guidelines for the Counduct of Court
Annexed Mediation and Judicial Dispute Resolution in Civil Cases

j. Judgment After Pre-Trial

XIII. Intervention – Rule 19

• Office of the Ombudsman v. Bongais, G.R. No. 226405, July 23, 2018-
Sampaco, Nhorhanipha M.

• Pulgar v. RTC of Mauban, Quezon, Branch 64, G.R. No. 157583, September
10, 2014- Sampaco, Nhorhanipha M.

XIV. Calendar of Cases – Rule 20

XV. Subpoena

a. Subpoena duces tecum

b. Subpoena ad testificandum c.
Service of subpoena
d. Compelling attendance of witnesses; contempt
e. Quashing of subpoena

XVI. Computation of Time – Rule 22

XVII. Modes of Discovery – Rules 23 to 29

a.Depositions pending action; depositions before action or pending appeal

•Santamaria v. Cleary, G.R. Nos. 197122 &197161, June 15, 2016- Tampi, Jannah
L.

Page 18 of 20
 • Republic v. Sandiganbayan, G.R. No. 152375, December 13, 2011- Tampi,
Jannah L.
• People v. Sergio, G.R. No. 240053, 9 October 2019-- Tampi, Jannah L.

b. Written interrogatories to adverse parties

Page 19 of 20
 • Phil. Health Insurance Corp. v. Our Lady of Lourdes Hospital, G.R. No. 193158,
November 11, 2015-TOMAWIS
• Sibayan v. Alda, G.R. No. 233395, January 17, 2018-TOMAWIS

c. Request for admission

• Allied Agri-Business Development Co., Inc. v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No.
118438, December 4, 1998-TOMAWIS
• Duque v. Spouses Yu, G.R. No. 226130, February 19, 2018- Satar, Fatmah
• Metro Manila Shopping Mecca Corp. v. Toledo, G.R. No. 190818, June 5, 2013]
• Estate of Marcos v. Republic, G.R. Nos. 213027 & 213253
(Resolution),January 18, 2017- UMPA, ADELAH M.
• Lañada v. Court of Appeals, G.R. Nos. 102390 & 102404, February 1, 2002-
UMPA, ADELAH M.
• Manzano v. Despabiladeras, G.R. No. 148786, December 16, 2004- UMPA,
ADELAH M.

d. Production or inspection of documents or things

• Insigne v. Abra Valley Colleges, Inc., G.R. No. 204089 , July 29, 2015- Satar,
Fatmah
• Air Philippines Corp. v. Pennswell, Inc., G.R. No. 172835, December 13, 2007-
PALAWAN

e. Physical and mental examination of persons

f. Consequences of refusal to comply with modes of Discovery

• Spouses Afulugencia v. Metropolitan Bank and Trust Co., G.R. No. 185145,
February 5, 2014-PALAWAN

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