CHM138

Basic Chemistry
Group AT110 2A 2B 2C 2D 2E

Title: LIMITING REAGENT OF REACTION

Experiment EXPERIMENT 3
number:
Name: NUR ALIEYA SHUHADAH BINTI KHALID

Partner:

Date of 13 APRIL 2023

Experiment:

Lecturer: PUAN NUR ATIQAH BINTI ZAHARULLIL

Limiting Reagent of Reaction

Objective(s) 1. To determine the limiting reagent from the reaction

between Sodium Carbonate and Calcium Nitrate.
2. To calculate the percentage of yield of calcium
carbonate.
Introduction Limiting reagent is a reactant that completely used up in a
reaction and determines when the reaction stops. Can
calculate the exact amount of reactant needed to react with
another element. If reactants not mixed in correct
stoichiometric proportions, then one of the reactants will
entirely used up while the other one will be left over.
Limiting reagent limits the reaction from continuing because
there is none left to react with excess reactant. For this
experiments, reaction between Sodium Carbonate, Na2CO3
and Calcium Nitrate, Ca(Na3)2. The products of the solution
will appear in white precipitate form of Calcium Carbonate,
CaCO3. At the end student of the experiment student will be
able to determine the limiting reagent and calculate the
percentage of yield.
Apparatus 1. Beakers (100ml)
2. Measuring cylinder (10ml)
3. Filter funnel
4. Conical flask (100ml)
5. Filter paper
6. Glass rod
7. Watch glass.
8. Oven
Chemicals 1. Sodium Carbonate, Na2CO3
2. Calcium Nitrate, Ca(NO3)2
3. Distilled water
Procedure 1. Record the mass of dry piece of filter paper.
2. Prepared two solutions:
A. Solution A: 0.499 g of Na2CO3 in a clean and
weighed the 100ml beaker before put the
chemical inside. Put 10ml of distilled water into
the beaker. Stirred the solution until fully
dissolved.
B. Solution B: 1.082 g of Ca(NO3)2 was weighed in
clean and weighed the 100ml beaker before
put the chemical. Put 10ml of distilled water
into the beaker. Stirred the solution until fully
dissolved.
3. Mixed solution A and B and stirred with the glass rod.
4. After completely mixing the solution fold the filter
paper as shown in the (Figure 2). Placed the filter paper
inside the funnel and wet the sides with distilled water.
5. The mixture was filtered through the filter funnel by
using filter paper. The solution will pass through the
funnel and white precipitate solution will appear on
the filter paper.
6. The filter paper was placed on the watch glass and put
inside the oven 70OC for over 30 – 35 minutes. Then,
the mass of the filter paper and the solid was recorded.
7. The filter paper and solid was discarded in the trash
can.

Figure 2
 RESULTS:
Data

Calculations 1. Write a balanced chemical equation including phases

for the reaction.
- Na2CO3 (aq) + Ca(NO3)2 (aq) -> CaCO3 (s) +
2Na(NO3) (aq)
2. Determine the limiting reagent for the reaction.
- Na2CO3
Discussion 1. Weigh the Na2CO3 and CaCO3 accurately and should
be in the range that has been discussed.
2. Solution must be in homogenous.
3. Suspended particle is fully dried or still moist.
4. Moisture the filter paper in the filter funnel before
undergoing the titration process.
Conclusion Sodium carbonate is the limiting reagent while calcium
nitrate is an excessive reagent. The percentage of calcium
carbonate can be obtained by dividing the actual mass and
theoretical mass and times by 100% to find the percentage of
yield. So, the percentage of calcium carbonate is 6.91%
Question 1. Determine the type of reaction occurred in this
experiment.
- Precipitation reaction
2. If the mass of Na2CO3 was doubled and the mass of
CaCO3 was held constant, would you have the same
limiting reactant? Show calculations to support your
answer.
Na2CO3 + Ca(NO3) -> 2CaCO3 + 2NaNO3
Na2CO3
Mass = 5 g
Mass = 105.98 g/mol
Na2CO3 = 5 x 2
=5
n of Na2CO3 = 5 / 105.98
= 0.094 mol
Ca(NO3)2
Mass = 6.56 g