(Question): Which of these quality tools would NOT be expected to be used during the results

confirmation stage of a problem solution?

(A): Flow chart

(B): Pareto diagram

(C): Histogram

(D): Control chart

(Correct): A

(Question): Mostly, in which of the following stages the improvement team receives the least control
and direction:

(A): Building

(B): Storming

(C): Performing

(D): Alarming

(Correct): C

(Question): During the team building phase, which of the following best describes the actions of the
team?

(A): The group is uncertain of their duties

(B): Members prioritize and perform tasks

(C): Member cooperation is evident

(D): The team leader usually delegates duties

(Correct): A

(Question): The organization's customer service program can be enhanced in many ways. One of the
ways would be

(A): Provide better procedures for customer service personnel

(B): Restrict access to customer data

(C): Utilize employee involvement

(D): Have supervisors available to answer more questions

(Correct): C
(Question): Out of the following, which is not a potential risk area?

(A): Environmental risks

(B): Schedule risks

(C): Cost risks

(D): Mitigation risks

(Correct): A

(Question): Out of the following, which techniques has proven useful in translating customer needs
into product design feature:

(A): Changing perceptions

(B): Customer service principles

(C): Confrontation and problem solving

(D): Quality function deployment

(Correct): D

(Question): To which distribution the Poisson is closely related:

(A): The exponential distribution

(B): The Binomial distribution

(C): The chi-square distribution

(D): The student's t distribution

(Correct): B

(Question): What are the six experiments called while performing "one experiment with five
repetitions"?

(A): Randomization

(B): Replications

(C): Planned grouping

(D): Sequential

(Correct): B
(Question): What is the compliment of {cigar, dog } If sample space S is {rock, book, cigar, guitar,
dog}?

(A): {rock, book, cigar, guitar, dog}

(B): {cigar, guitar, dog}

(C): {dog}

(D): {rock, book, guitar}

(Correct): D

(Question): The SIPOC business model helps everyone in the company see the business from an
overall process perspective. However, it does NOT:

(A): Provide a framework applicable to processes of all sizes

(B): Identify the few key business customers

(C): Display cross-function activities in simple terms

(D): Help maintain the big business picture

(Correct): B

(Question): Which one of the statements is true regarding residuals in regression analysis?

(A): Mean of residuals is always zero

(B): Mean of residuals is always less than zero

(C): Mean of residuals is always greater than zero

(D): There is no such rule for residuals.

(Correct): A

(Question): A measurement system analysis is designed to assess the statistical properties of

(A): Gage variation

(B): Process performance

(C): Process stability

(D): Engineering tolerances

(Correct): A
(Question): Which one of the following is used in determining a process average fraction defective
using inductive or inferential statistics:

(A): Statistics, computed from samples, to make inferences about populations

(B): Populations, computed from samples, to make inferences about populations

(C): Samples, computed from statistics, to make inferences about populations

(D): Samples, computed from populations, to make inferences about samples

(Correct): A

(Question): What would one expect to find when comparing short term machine capability indexes
to long term process capability indexes:

(A): A plus and minus shift of 1.5 standard deviations

(B): The machine capability to be a lower number

(C): The process capability to be a lower number

(D): The machine and process capabilities to be virtually identical

(Correct): C

(Question): Which of the following distributions are followed by most of the production processes?

(A): Normal

(B): Binomial/Poisson

(C): Exponential

(D): None of the above

(Correct): D

(Question): Which of the following measures is used to show the ratio of defects to units?

(A): DPU

(B): DPO

(C): DPMO

(D): PPM

(Correct): A
(Question): Which six sigma role is most likely to define objectives for an improvement team?

(A): Leader

(B): Sponsor

(C): Facilitator

(D): Member

(Correct): B

(Question): Why would six sigma activities prompt a re-analysis of measuring systems?

(A): It's mandated by the MSA (1998) Reference Manual

(B): Variability may be reduced, requiring more precise measurements

(C): Six sigma is a more quality conscious control technology

(D): Most six sigma training includes statistical software which requires frequent re-analysis

(Correct): B

(Question): Understanding, controlling and improving an organization's processes to create value for
all stakeholders would be called:

(A): The SIPOC diagram

(B): Process performance metric

(C): Business process management

(D): Business process management

(Correct): C

(Question): The advantage of using the modern designed method of experimentation, rather than
the classical, is that:

(A): Everything is held constant except the factor under investigation

(B): Experimental error is recognized but need not be stated in quantitative terms

(C): Fewer terms and measurements are needed for valid and useful information

(D): The sequence of measurement is often assumed to have no effect

(Correct): C
(Question): Where should the "others" category be placed while constructing the Pareto diagram?

(A): At the beginning as the first category

(B): Directly in the center of the chart

(C): At the end as the last category

(D): Where it fails according to indicated frequency

(Correct): C

(Question): Out of which of the following an X-bar and R chart can be helpful in controlling a process:

(A): The machine capability is wider than the specification

(B): It is necessary to know when to investigate a process for causes of variation

(C): A reduced sample size is needed

(D): An acceptable quality level must be established

(Correct): D

(Question): What is the concept behind PDCA

(A): The Deming/Shewhart cycle

(B): Process flow

(C): Continuous improvement

(D): Satisfying suppliers

(Correct): C

(Question): Assume a large lot contains exactly 4% defective items. Using the Poisson distribution,
what is the probability that a random sample of 50 items will NOT reflect the true lot quality?

(A): 27%

(B): 73%

(C): 82%

(D): 67%

(Correct): B
(Question): A process is checked by inspection of random samples of four shafts after a polishing
operation, and X-bar and R charts are maintained. A person making a spot check picks out two shafts,
measures them accurately, and plots the average value on the X-bar chart. The point falls just outside
the control limits. The department foreman is advised to stop the process. This decision indicates
that:

(A): The process level is out of control

(B): Both the level and dispersion are out of control

(C): The process level is out of control but not the dispersion

(D): The person is not using the chart correctly

(Correct): A

(Question): As an alternative to QFD, the plotting of items of customer importance versus the
customer's corresponding satisfaction level, using a form of Likert scale would most appropriately be
called:

(A): A matrix diagram

(B): A perceptual map

(C): A cause-and-effect matrix

(D): A correlation chart

(Correct): B

(Question): The control chart that is most sensitive to variations in a measurement is:

(A): p chart

(B): np chart

(C): c chart

(D): X bar and R chart

(Correct): D

(Question): The repeatability of an R&R study can be determined by examining the variation
between:

(A): The individual technicians and within their measurement readings

(B): The average of the individual technicians for all parts measured

(C): Part averages that are averaged among technicians

(D): The individual technicians and comparing it to the part averages

(Question): A scoop samples 100 units/trial, what must be the average number of defects

for there to be an 80% chance that more than one defect will be found in the sample?

(A): 5.4

(B): 4.75

(C): 3.0

(D): 1.8

(Correct): C

(Question): If a metrics format were being developed to track marketplace response, which of the
following items would be included?

(A): Cost of quality

(B): Customer retention

(C): Cycle time reduction

(D): Profit margin on sales

(Correct): B

(Question): Who should be the ultimate recipient of LSS project results?

(A): Stakeholders

(B): Employees

(C): Customers

(D): Project sponsors

(Correct): C

(Question): Techniques useful for team facilitators when narrowing a list of potential problem areas
to investigate include all of the following, EXCEPT:

(A): Brainstorming

(B): Nominal Group Technique

(C): Voting

(D): Multivoting
(Correct): A

(Question): Which of the below charts have upper control limits, but frequently have lower control
limits of zero?

(A): X-bar individual charts

(B): c charts and u charts

(C): p charts and np charts

(D): R and sigma charts

(Correct): D

(Question): What are the two most common determinations of measurement variation that result
from a gage R&R study:

(A): Gage accuracy and precision

(B): Gage accuracy and stability

(C): Gage linearity and stability

(D): Gage reliability and precision

(Correct): D

(Question): In a nutshell, LSS is considered:

(A): A business improvement approach

(B): A focus on critical customer items

(C): An elimination of mistakes and defects

(D): A concentrated focus on business outputs

(Correct): A

(Question): Lean and six sigma share in common which of the following traits?

(A): They are mutually exclusive

(B): They both require top management commitment

(C): They are independent of customer satisfaction

(D): 1-level of confidence

(Correct): B
(Question): After the successful completion and implementation of the first four phases of DMAIC,
who should complete the control phase?

(A): The green belt alone. The project has been successfully completed

(B): The process owner alone. It is his responsibility to take the project from here.

(C): The process owner and green belt together

(D): The complete team is the most desirable option

(Correct): D

(Question): A lean enterprise approach encompasses which of the following departments?

(A): Manufacturing only

(B): All company departments plus suppliers

(C): Manufacturing, quality, and the supply chain

(D): Manufacturing and quality departments

(Correct): B

(Question): What would be considered the most important element in the deployment of Six Sigma?

(A): Training

(B): Organizational structure

(C): Management support

(D): Reward and recognition

(Correct): C

(Question): The term "metrics" most frequently refers to:

(A): A unit measurement

(B): The metric system

(C): The science of weights and measurements

(D): An evaluation method

(Correct): D
(Question): If one chose to look at any business enterprise on a main level basis, which of the
following category choices would have either KPIV (key process input variables) or KPOV (key process
output variables)?

(A): Process and operations

(B): Operations and technological

(C): Business and technological

(D): Technological and process

(Correct): A

(Question): Why is LSS called TQM on steroids?

(A): Because of the extensive training element required

(B): Because of the inclusion of statistical and lean tools

(C): Because of the heavy impact of top management support

(D): Because of the impact of cost savings on the bottom line

(Correct): B

(Question): Which of the two PDCA phases would most likely include the modifying or redesigning of
a product?

(A): Plan and Do

(B): Check and Act

(C): Do and Act

(D): Plan and Act

(Correct): C

(Question): Strategic goals must be subdivided. Thus, they are:

(A): Delegated

(B): Distributed

(C): Accountable

(D): Deployed

(Correct): D
(Question): Compute the upper control limit for an S chart, based on a sample size of 10, if the
process is in control with a mean of 40 and a sample standard deviation of 7.

(A): 12.0

(B): 13.3

(C): 15.7

(D): 21.0

(Correct): A

(Question): What inference test does not require some knowledge of a test or population variation?

(A): t test

(B): Paired t test

(C): z test

(D): Chi-square test

(Correct): D

(Question): Why should an experimenter plot data points and graph the least squares line if

a probabilistic regression model exists?

(A): To visually present the relationship to others

(B): To check for fit; there may be a calculation error

(C): There's no rational reason for doing so

(D): To permit a projection outside of the test area

(Correct): B

(Question): Which control chart pattern best represents an in control process?

(A): A consecutive run of seven or more points on one side of the centerline

(B): A random distribution of points with one point outside the control limits

(C): A random distribution of points on both sides of the centerline

(D): A steady trend of points toward either control limit

(Correct): C
(Question): Many tools can be used in either lean or six sigma projects. A problem-solving approach
that unifies project follow-up is:

(A): SIPOC

(B): DOE

(C): DMAIC

(D): TPM

(Correct): C

(Question): The test used for testing significance in an analysis of variance table is the:

(A): Z test

(B): t test

(C): F test

(D): Chi-square test

(Correct): C

(Question): In the regression equation y = mx + b, y increases with x in all cases:

(A): If b is positive

(B): If b is negative

(C): If m is positive

(D): If m is negative

(Correct): C

(Question): If no correlation exists between two variables, then:

(A): As one variable changes, one cannot predict a value for the other variable

(B): The correlation coefficient should equal a negative value

(C): Both variables will decrease simultaneously

(D): Analysis of variance must be used to determine if an interaction is present

(Correct): A
(Question): For the data population 64.7, 37.5, 28.9, 55.6, 42.5, the coefficient of variation is:

(A): 27.9%

(B): 31.2%

(C): 12.8%

(D): 14.3%

(Correct): A

(Question): Identify the major area of variation classification NOT specifically addressed in multi-vari
studies:

(A): Cyclical

(B): Piece-to-piece

(C): Temporal

(D): Positional

(Correct): B

(Question): Given that resistors are produced in lots of 1000, and that the average number

of defective resistors per lot is 12.7, what are the upper and lower limits for the control chart
appropriate for this process?

(A): LCL = 2.0 UCL = 23.4

(B): LCL = 3.8 UCL = 20.2

(C): LCL = 0.031 UCL 0.131

(D): LCL = 1.5 UCL = 26.7

(Correct): A

(Question): When comparing short term machine capability indexes to long term process capability
indexes, one would expect to find:

(A): A plus and minus shift of 1.5 standard deviations

(B): The machine capability to a lower number

(C): The process capability to be a lower number

(D): The machine and process capabilities to be virtually identical

(Question): A statistical software program returned a p-value of 0.023. If the desired level of
significance is 0.025, then the conclusion is:

(A): Reject the null hypothesis, there is no statistical difference

(B): Reject the null hypothesis, there is a statistical difference

(C): Fail to reject the null hypothesis, there is no statistical difference

(D): Fail to reject the null hypothesis, there is a statistical difference

(Correct): B

(Question): Which of the following measures of variability is NOT dependent on the exact value of
every measurement?

(A): Mean deviation

(B): Variance

(C): Range

(D): Standard deviation

(Correct): C

(Question): In embracing six sigma, what has been the principal motivating factor from the point of
view of upper management?

(A): Bottom line results

(B): Market share growth

(C): Defect reductions

(D): Customer focus

(Correct): A

(Question): Measurement parameters that generally change slowly over time include all of the
following, EXCEPT:

(A): Bias

(B): Precision

(C): Accuracy

(D): Stability
(Correct): B

(Question): When the natural process limits are compared with the specification range, which of the
following courses of action is LEAST desirable?

(A): Change the specifications

(B): Center the process

(C): Reduce the variability

(D): Accept the losses

(Correct): D

(Question): If the probability of a car starting on a cold morning is 0.6, and we have two such cars,
what is the probability of at least one of the cars starting on a cold morning?

(A): 0.84

(B): 0.81

(C): 0.60

(D): 0.36

(Correct): A

(Question): For the deployment of Six Sigma projects, which of the following is least acceptable
reason:

(A): A focus on cost savings

(B): A focus on customer satisfaction

(C): A focus on Internal problems

(D): A focus on design improvements

(Correct): A

(Question): As the new experimenter for six sigma projects, you have allocated budget funds for
preliminary trial runs. The reason(s) for this would be:

(A): Some practice trials are needed, since this has not been done before

(B): The plant manager wants evidence that experimentation will work

(C): Planning is critical for success

(D): The financial manager wants evidence of possible success

(Question): The data from an R&R study may be used to determine all of the following, EXCEPT:

(A): Reproducibility

(B): Process variation

(C): Repeatability

(D): Sensitivity

(Correct): D

(Question): When two team members express strong opposite views, the remaining team members
should:

(A): Ask both members to leave

(B): Vote that the leader stop the discussion

(C): Have the two clearly state their positions

(D): Use the sponsor to clarify the situation

(Correct): C

(Question): What critical event should be established right after the completion of FMEA?

(A): Ensure that a process owner is in charge of the FMEA

(B): Designate an engineer to follow-up on the recommended actions

(C): Review the documents at regularly scheduled intervals

(D): Have cross functional teams assigned to each FMEA for review activities

(Correct): A

(Question): A six sigma green belt wants to analyze four factors, at two levels each, one factor at the
times. What is the impact on the type I error?

(A): A type I error Improves with each individual analysis

(B): Interactions are clearly determined

(C): A type I error increases with each individual analysis

(D): The optimum combination of factors is revealed

(Correct): C
(Question): A green belt should consider which of the following, when considering a quality
characteristic for process capability calculations?

(A): Choose those characteristics with the highest process capability index ratios

(B): Choose a small number of customer defined CTQ characteristics

(C): Choose only normal characteristics to comply with the normality assumption

(D): Characteristics defined in the procedures and work instructions

(Correct): B

(Question): In the preparation of a project, efforts should be made to identify and involve various
parties affected by the planned changes. These other parties are known as:

(A): Process owners

(B): Champions

(C): Team Leaders

(D): Stakeholders

(Correct): D

(Question): Which of the following is not one of the Lean R's?

(A): Restart

(B): Reuse

(C): Recycling

(D): Recover

(Correct): A

(Question): A team of six sigma has reached the control stage of DMAIC. They have successfully
reduced fabric critical stains from 73 to 1 per fabric roll. Now what type of control chart the team
should recommend

(A): A control chart based on the normal distribution such as the X-bar chart

(B): A control chart based on the Poisson distribution such as the u chart

(C): A p chart based on the binomial distribution

(D): An np chart based on the binomial distribution

(Question): Who should be the ultimate recipient of LSS project results?

(A): Top managers

(B): Employees

(C): Customers

(D): Project sponsors

(Correct): B

(Question): As a good experimenter, you have built a predictive-model of the experimental data The
differences between the actual response data and the model data are termed:

(A): Confounded data

(B): Nested experiments

(C): Residuals

(D): Efficiency of estimators

(Correct): C

(Question): The extension from lean production to lean office is possible because:

(A): The office produces a variety of services

(B): The concept of waste applies to every business environment

(C): Offices are more data driven than manufacturing

(D): There is little difference between production and office environments

(Correct): C

(Question): When selecting and scaling the process input variables to: an experiment, which of the
following is a desirable approach?

(A): Include as many important factors as possible

(B): Set factor levels at practical or possible levels

(C): Combine process measurement responses when possible

(D): Be bold, but not foolish, in selecting high and low factor levels

(Correct): D
(Question): If a metrics format were being developed to track marketplace response, which of the
following items would be included?

(A): Cost of quality

(B): Customer retention

(C): Cycle time reduction

(D): Profit margin on sales

(Correct): B

(Question): To permit an X-bar chart to go out of control is sometimes economical when:

(A): The individual range exceeds R-bar

(B): The cost of inspection is high

(C): The control limits are appreciably less than the specification limits

(D): The control limits are inside the drawing tolerance limits

(Correct): C

(Question): To state that a model in an experimental design is fixed indicates that:

(A): The levels used for each factor are the only ones of interest

(B): The levels were chosen from a fixed population

(C): The equipment from which the data are collected most not be moved

(D): The factors under consideration are qualitative

(Correct): A

(Question): Which term describes the situation in which the effects of two factors are not separable
while designing experiments?

(A): Covariate

(B): Confounded

(C): Interactive

(D): Collinear
(Correct): B

(Question): In an R&R ANOVA the term interaction indicates the interaction between:

(A): The technician and measurement error

(B): The technician and the part

(C): The part and the total variation

(D): The repeatability and the reproducibility

(Correct): B

(Question): One thousand units of product were examined for the possibility of 5 different
undesirable characteristics. A total of 80 defects were found. How many defects would be expected
in a million opportunities?

(A): 16,000

(B): 26,666

(C): 61,458

(D): 80,000

(Correct): A

(Question): Ratios of two variances drawn from the same normal population are described by which
one of the following distributions?

(A): F

(B): Student's t

(C): Chi-square

(D): Normal

(Correct): A

(Question): A company has just started a LSS initiative. Which set of tools would be better suited for
initial projects?

(A): Lean tools because they provide stability and repeat-ability for future projects

(B): Six sigma tools because they provide a larger number of available options

(C): Lean tools because they provide a more reliable and accurate picture of the root cause

(D): Six sigma tools because they provide more measurement data
(Correct): C

(Question): Excessive conflict in an improvement team:

(A): Has a negative effect on team members and should be avoided

(B): Has a positive effect on creating alternate solutions

(C): Most often results in win-win situations

(D): Promotes equal participation among members

(Correct): A

(Question): The term total quality management is most closely associated with which of the
following quality Gurus:

(A): Crosby

(B): Feigenbaum

(C): Deming

(D): Juran

(Correct): A

(Question): In the theory of control charts, the distribution of the number of defects per unit follows
very closely the:

(A): Normal distribution

(B): Binomial distribution

(C): Chi-square distribution

(D): Poisson distribution

(Correct): D

(Question): If six consecutive samples were taken from a process and measured precisely, one would
still expect to find differences. What type of variation would be most difficult to determine?

(A): Lot-to-lot variation

(B): Piece-to-piece variation

(C): Inherent process variation

(D): Error of measurement

(Question): On a control plan form, the key output variable is often designated as:

(A): X

(B): Y

(C): X or Y

(D): A Special Characteristic

(Correct): B

(Question): Which of the tools would be independent of the control plan development?

(A): Cause- and - effect analysis

(B): QFD

(C): Regression analysis

(D): Measurement scales

(Correct): D

(Question): Advantage of control charts includes:

(A): They can detect trends on statistical significance

(B): They provide straightforward, easily interpreted, information

(C): They improve process capability

(D): They can detect random causes of variation.

(Correct): A

(Question): Visual factory often targets or goals relative to standard times. Initially, the standard time
is set:

(A): At some theoretical optimum value

(B): Lower than the target value

(C): Exactly at the target value

(D): Higher than the target value.

(Correct): D
 (Question): When giving instructions to those who will perform a task, the communication process is
completed:

(A): When the worker goes to his work station to do the task

(B): When the person giving the instruction has finished talking

(C): When the worker acknowledges these instructions by describing how he/she will perform the
task

(D): When the worker says that he/she understands the instructions

(Correct): C

(Question): All of the factors that might contribute to a production problem must be discovered.
Which of the following problem-solving tools would be the best selection?

(A): Pareto diagrams

(B): Fishbone diagrams

(C): Histograms

(D): Control charts

(Correct): B

(Question): A particular department is using a X-bar chart with specification limits instead of control
limits for monitoring a key characteristic. Department supervisor states that the specifications have
more real meaning than the control limits. Best immediate reaction should be:

(A): Congratulate supervisor for outstanding application of control chart theory

(B): Stop the process and check if all readings are within control
(C): Stop the process immediately and replace the specification limits with control limits

(D): Do nothing; the supervisor should be allowed to use the chosen criteria.

(Correct): C

(Question): When investigating TPM, which of the following would be considered one of the six big
negative contributors to equipment effectiveness?

(A): Setup and Adjustments

(B): Fast speeds

(C): Few machine shut downs

(D): Work cell arrangements

(Correct): A

(Question): P-chart has exhibited statistical control over a period of time. However, the average
fraction defective is too high to be satisfactory. Internal improvement can be obtained by:

(A): Change in basic product design

(B): Instituting 100% inspection

(C): Loosening the acceptance standard

(D): Switching to variable charting.

(Correct): A
(Question): What are the two distinct type of variation that are noted down in control charts

(A): Random and chance

(B): Special and assignable

(C): Chance and assignable

(D): Normal and random

(Correct): C

(Question): Which of the following techniques would compliment the visual factory concept?

(A): Balanced Scorecard

(B): Tool Boards

(C): Metric and Goal Determinations

(D): Poka-Yoka

(Correct): D

(Question): A relational matrix is a problem-solving tool which can help to:

(A): Shows cause-effect relationships between input and output variables

(B): Focus attention on problems in priority order

(C): Generate a large number of improvement ideas

(Correct): A