FRACTIONS & DECIMALS

2
CHAPTER

CONTENTS

• Definition : Fraction Ø DEFINITION : FRACTION

A fraction is a number which can be written in the

• Pictures form a
form , where both a and b are natural numbers
b
• Types of Fraction and the number 'a' is called numerator and 'b' is
a
called the denominator of the fraction , b ¹ 0.
• Simplest form of Fractions b
2 1 0 7
• Addition & Subtraction of Fractions For example, , , , , are fractions.
5 3 5 15

• Multiplication of Fractions Ø PICTURES FORM

• Division of Fractional Numbers A fraction represents a part of a whole, where the

denominator of the fraction represents the number
• Simplifying Brackets in Fractions
in which equal parts the whole is divided and the
numerator shows the number of equal parts taken.

• Decimals

• Definition : Decimals

• Comparing Decimals 3
8
• Addition & Subtraction of Decimals
For example, the shaded part of the figure
3
• Conversion of a Decimal Number represents the fraction .
8
into a Decimal Fraction
Ø TYPES OF FRACTION
• Multiplication of Decimal Numbers
² Proper Fraction : A proper fraction is a fraction in
• Division of Decimal Numbers which the numerator is smaller than the
denominator.
• Conversion of Units For example,
2 3 12
, , ,..., etc. are proper fractions.
9 7 29
² Improper Fraction : An improper fractions is a ² Decimal fractions : A fraction whose denominator
fraction in which the numerator is greater than the is any of the number 10,100,1000 etc. is called a
denominator. decimal fraction.
7 29 17 8 11 17
For example, , , , ...... , etc. are improper For example : , , etc. are decimal
5 17 13 10 100 1000
fractions. fractions.
² Like Fractions : The fractions with the same ² Vulgar fractions : A fraction whose denominator
denominator are called like fractions. is a whole number, other than 10,100,1000 etc. is
called a vulgar fractions.
7 5 11
For example, , , , ..... , etc. are like
12 12 12 2 3 11
For example , , , etc. are vulgar fractions.
fractions. 7 8 17
² Unlike Fractions : The fractions with different
Ø SIMPLEST FORM OF FRACTIONS
denominators are called unlike fractions.
2 4 11 7 If numerator and denominator of a fraction have no
For example, , , , , .... , etc. are unlike
3 5 13 8 common factor other than 1, then the fraction is
fractions. said to be in its simplest form i.e. HCF of both is 1.

² Unit Fractions : The fraction with numerator 1 are 3 4 3 12

For example, , , , , etc. are the fractions in
called unit fractions. 5 5 7 13
simplest form.
1 1 1 1
For example, , , , , ...., etc. are unit
2 4 3 7 Ø ADDITION AND SUBTRACTION OF
fractions. FRACTIONS
² Mixed Numerals : Mixed numerals are combination
of a whole number and a proper fraction. There are two case of adding and subtracting
fractions :
1 1 1
For example, fractions 3 , 5 , 8 , etc. are 1. Fractions with Similar Denominators. (Like
2 3 4 fractions)
mixed numerals or mixed fractions.
2. Fractions with Different Denominators (Unlike
c m´a fractions)
² Equivalent Fractions : If = , then the
d m´b
² Fractions with Similar Denominators :
a c
fractions and are called equivalent fractions For example :
b d
because they represent the same portion of the whole. Ex.1 Solve the following :
4 2 ´ 2 15 5 ´ 3 2 3
For example, = ; = (i) +
6 3 ´ 2 48 16 ´ 3 5 5
For example, the shaded parts of each of the 4 3
following figures are same but they are represented (ii) -
7 7
by different fractional numbers.
2 3 2+3 5
Sol. (i) + = = =1
5 5 5 5
4 3 4-3 1
1 2 4 (ii) - = =
7 7 7 7
2 4 8
² Fractions with Different Denominators :
They are called equivalent fractions.
Use of L.C.M. of denominators.
1 2 4
So we write = = , etc. For example :
2 4 8
Ex.2 Solve the following :
 2 4 3 1 2 1
(i) + (ii) - (v) 2 +3
5 3 9 8 3 2
2 4 8 7
Sol. (i) + [L.C.M. of 5 and 3 = 15] = + [L.C.M. of 3 and 2 = 6]
5 3 3 2
2´3 + 4´5 6 + 20 26 11 16 + 21 37 1
= = = =1 = = =6 .
15 15 15 15 6 6 6
3 1 7 2 3
(ii) - [L.C.M. of 8 and 9 = 72] (vi) + + [L.C.M. of 2, 5 and 10 = 10]
9 8 10 5 2

3 ´ 8 - 9 ´1 24 - 9 15 5 7 ´1 + 2 ´ 2 + 3 ´ 5 7 + 4 + 15
= = = = = =
72 72 72 24 10 10

v EXAMPLES v 11+ 15 26 13 3
= = = = 2
10 10 5 5
Ex.3 Solve the following :
Ex.4 Arrange the following in descending order :
3 7 9 4
(i) 2- (ii) 4 + (iii) - 1 3 7
5 8 11 15 , ,
5 7 10
1 5 2 1 7 2 3
(iv) 8 - 3 (v) 2 + 3 (vi) + + 1 3 7
2 8 3 2 10 5 2 Sol. , , [L. C. M of 5, 7 and 10 = 70]
5 7 10
3 2 3
Sol. (i) 2 - = - [L.C.M. of 1 and 5 = 5] 1´ 14 3 ´ 10 7 ´ 7
5 1 5 = , ,
5 ´ 14 7 ´ 10 10 ´ 7
2 ´ 5 - 3 ´1 10 - 3 7 2
= = = =1 14 30 49
5 5 5 5 = , ,
70 70 70
7 4 7
(ii) 4 + = + 49 30 14
8 1 8 Descending order is > >
70 70 70
4 ´ 8 + 7 ´1 32 + 7
= = 7 3 1
8 8 i.e., > >
10 7 5
39 7
= = 4 7 3 1
8 8 Þ , , are in descending order.
10 7 5
9 4
(iii) - [L.C.M. of 11 and 15 = 165] 1
11 15 Ex.5 A rectangular sheet of paper is 12 cm long
2
15 ´ 9 - 11´ 4 135 - 44 91 2
= = = and 10 cm wide. Find its perimeter.
165 165 165 3
1 5 1 25
(iv) 8 - 3 Sol. Length of paper = 12 cm = cm
2 8 2 2
17 29 2 32
= – [L.C.M. of 2 and 8 = 8] Breadth of paper = 10 = cm
2 8 3 3
17 ´ 4 - 29 ´ 1 Perimeter of rectangular paper sheet
=
8 = 2(length + breadth)
68 - 29 39 7
= = =4 æ 25 32 ö æ 25 ´ 3 + 32 ´ 2 ö
8 8 8 = 2ç + ÷ = 2ç ÷
è 2 3 ø è 6 ø
 æ 75 + 64 ö 2 ´ 139 139 1 2 2´ 2 4
= 2ç ÷ = = = 46 cm. Sol. = =
è 6 ø 6 3 3 7 7 ´ 2 14

3 2 2´3 6 2 2´ 4 8
Ex.6 Ritu ate part of an apple and the remaining = = Þ = =
5 7 7 ´ 3 21 7 7 ´ 4 28
apple was eaten by her brother Somu. How 2 4
much part of the apple did Somu eat ? Who had So, three equivalent fractions of are ,
the larger share ? By how much ? 7 14
6 8
3 and .
Sol. Ritu ate = part of apple 21 28
5
Ex.9 Identify proper, improper and mixed fractions
æ 3ö from the following numbers :
Somu ate = ç1 - ÷ part of apple
è 5ø 1 7 4 11 1 37 4
2 , , , , 3 , , 1
2 3 3 7 100 4 13 9
So, Somu ate = part of apple
5 4 11
Sol. Proper fractions are = ,
æ 3 2ö 7 100
Ritu ate more apple than Somu. ç! > ÷
è 5 5ø 7 37
Improper fractions are = ,
3 13
æ3 2ö
Ritu ate ç - ÷ more share.
è5 5ø 1 1 4
Mixed fractions are = 2 , 3 , 1
3 4 9
æ 3- 2 1 ö
i..e., Ritu ate ç = ÷ more apple than
è 5 5ø Ø MULTIPLICATION OF FRACTIONS
Somu.
Rule : Product of fractions
7
Ex.7 Michael finished colouring a picture in hr.
12 Product of their Numerators
=
Vaibhav finished colouring the same picture in Product of their Denominators
3
hr. Who worked longer ? By that fraction (i) Whole number by a fraction
4
was it longer ? (ii) Fraction by a fraction
7 (iii) Whole number by a mixed fraction
Sol. Michael finished colouring picture in = hr.
12
(iv) Multiplication of two mixed fractions
3
Vaibhav finished colouring picture in = hr. ² Whole number by a fraction : To multiply a
4 whole number by a fraction, we simply multiply the
i.e., Vaibhav finished colouring picture in numerator of the fraction by the whole number,
keeping the denominator same.
3´ 3 9
= = hr.
4´3 12 v EXAMPLES v
9 7 Ex.10 Find the product
Vaibhav worked longer, because >
12 12
2 1 7
(i) 3 × (ii) 3 × (iii) ×6
æ9 7ö 7 8 9
Vaibhav worked longer by = ç - ÷ hr.
è 12 12 ø
2 3 2 3´ 2 6
Sol. (i) 3 × = ´ = =
9-7 2 1 7 1 7 1´ 7 7
= = = hr.
12 12 6 1 3 1 3 ´1 3
(ii) 3 × = ´ = =
2 8 1 8 1´ 8 8
Ex.8 Write three equivalent fractions of .
7
 7 7 6 14 2 Convert the mixed fraction into an improper
(iii) ×6= ´ = = 4
9 9 1 3 3 fraction.

1 Step 2.
Ex.11 Show 3 × by picture.
5 Multiply the numerator by the whole number
keeping the denominator same.
Sol.
Step 3.

+ + = After multiplication, the fraction should be

converted in its lowest form.
1 1 1 1 3 æ Shaded ö
Step 4.
3´ = ç part ÷
5 5 5 5 5 è ø
Convert the improper fraction (product so
Note : Multiplication is commutative i.e. ab = ba obtained) into a mixed numeral.

² Fraction by a fraction : v EXAMPLES v

Ex.12 Find the product : 1
Ex.14 Find 6 × 3
5 3 6 7 4 3 2 2
(i) ´ (ii) ´ (iii) 2 ´ 2 ´ 1
8 7 14 9 7 4 5 1 3´ 2 +1 7
Sol. Step 1. 3 = =
5 3 5´3 15 2 2 2
Sol. (i) ´ = =
8 7 8´ 7 56 1 7 6´7 42
Step 2. 6 ×3 =6× = =
6 7 6 7 2 ´1 1´1 1 2 2 2 2
(ii) ´ = ´ = = =
14 9 14 9 2´3 1´ 3 3 42 1
Step 3. = 21; Hence, 6 ×3 = 21
4 3 2 18 11 7 2 2
(iii) 2 ´ 2 ´ 1 = ´ ´
7 4 5 7 4 5 1
Ex.15 Find 5 × 4 .
18 ´ 11 ´ 7 9 ´ 11 99 9 3
= = = =9
7´ 4´5 2´5 10 10 1 13 5 ´ 13 65
Sol. 5×4 =5× = =
² Whole Number by a Mixed Fraction : 3 3 3 3

1 é 1 4 ´ 3 + 1ù
Ex.13 Find 8 × 5 ê! 4 3 = 3 úû
6 ë
31 1 65 2
=8× (Converting the mixed fraction into Hence, 5 × 4 = = 21
6 3 3 3
an improper fraction).
1
Ex.16 Find 7 of 36.
248 8
= (Multiplying the numerator by the
6
1 1
whole number) Sol. 7 of 36 = 7 × 36
8 8
124
= (Simplifying into lowest term). 57
3 = × 36
8
1
= 41 (Converting the improper fraction into a (Converting the mixed fraction into an
3 improper fraction)
mixed numeral).
57 ´ 36
To multiply a whole number by a mixed =
8
fraction, we follow the following steps :
Step 1. (Multiplying numerator by the whole number)
 57 ´ 9 4 10 19 10 38 17
= Sol. (i) 3 ´ = ´ = =1
2 5 21 5 21 21 21
(Writing the fraction into lowest term) 4 10 17
Thus, 3 ´ =1
513 5 21 21
=
2 15 5 15 33 15 3 45 3
(ii) ´4 = ´ = ´ = =3
(Multiplying 57 by 9) 22 7 22 7 2 7 14 14

1 2 4 77 25 11 ´ 5 55 1
= 256 (iii) 5 ´3 = ´ = = = 18
2 15 7 15 7 3 ´1 3 3

(Converting the improper fraction into a mixed 1 1

Ex.20 Find 6 ´ 4
numeral) 4 3
1 1 1 25 13 25 ´ 13 325 1
Ex.17 The weight of one packet of tea is kg. What Sol. 6 ´4 = ´ = = = 27
4 4 3 4 3 4´3 12 2
is the weight of 20 such packets ?
² Facts :
1
Sol. Weight of one packet of tea = kg 1. It is not necessary first to multiply the fractions
4 and then simplify. We may simplify first then
Therefore, weight of 20 packets of tea multiply. For example,
1 21 45 21 ´ 45 21 ´ 9 189
= × 20 = 5 kg. (i) ´ = = =
4 25 68 25 ´ 68 5 ´ 68 340

Ex.18 In a Cinema hall's parking, 90 cars can be 25 12 7 25 ´ 12 ´ 7 5 ´ 3 ´1

(ii) ´ ´ = = = 15
5 7 5 4 7´5´ 4 1´1´1
parked at a time. During a night show, of
9 2. Cancellation could use only for fractions are
the parking lot was full. How many cars were multiplied and could not use for addition &
there at that time ? subtraction of fractions.
Sol. Total capacity of Parking place = 90 cars 3. Double of 3 or half of 7 can be written as 2 × 3
5 1
\ Number of cars during night show = 90 × and × 7 respectively.
9 2

90 ´ 5 \ If word 'OF' is in between two fractions then

= = 10 × 5 = 50 cars. multiply those fractions.
9
² Multiplication of two Mixed Fractions : 4. Product of two proper fractions < Each proper
fraction.
To multiply two or more mixed numerals, we
follow the following steps : 2 1 2 2 2 2 1
Ex. ´ = \ < and <
7 3 21 21 7 21 3
Step 1. Convert the mixed fractions into improper
fractions. 5. Product of two improper fractions > Each
improper fraction.
Step 2. Multiply the improper fractions.
9 7 63 63 9 63 7
Step 3. Reduce to lowest form. Eg. ´ = \ > & >
4 3 12 12 4 12 3
Step 4. If the product is an improper fraction,
convert it into mixed fraction. 6. Proper fraction < Product of proper and
improper fraction < Improper fraction
v EXAMPLES v 1 5 5 1 5 5
Eg. ´ = \ < <
Ex.19 Find the product of : 7 2 14 7 14 2
4 10 15 5 2 4
(i) 3 ´ (ii) ´4 (iii) 5 ´ 3
5 21 22 7 15 7
 7. When the product of two fractional numbers or
a fractional number and a whole number is 1,
then either of them is the multiplicative inverse
(or reciprocal) of the other. So the reciprocal of (ii)
a fraction (or a whole number) is obtained by
interchanging its numerator and denominator.
Note : Reciprocal of zero (0) is not possible.
Ex.23 Find :
v EXAMPLES v 3
(i) of 16
Ex. 21 Match the following : 4

1 1 3
(i) 2 ´ (a) (ii) of
5 4 5
1 3
1 (iii) of 2
(ii) 2 ´ (b) 2 4
2
3 3 3 16 3´ 4
Sol. (i) of 16 = × 16 = ´ = = 12
2 4 4 4 1 1´1
(iii) 3 ´ (c)
3 1 3 1 3 1´ 3 3
(ii) of = ´ = =
4 5 4 5 4´5 20
1 1 3 1 11 1 ´ 11 11
(iv) 3 ´ (d) (iii) of 2 = ´ = =
4 2 4 2 4 2´ 4 8
Sol. (i) = (b); (ii) = (c); (iii) = (a); (iv) = (d) Ex.24 Vidya and Pratap went for a picnic. Their
mother gave them a water bottle that contained
1
Ex.22 (i) Shade of the circles in a box. 2
2 5 litres of water. Vidya consumed of the
5
water. Pratap consumed the remaining water.
(i) How much water did Vidya drink ?
(ii) What fraction of the total quantity of water did
Pratap drink ?
Sol. Total water = 5 litres.
2 2
(ii) Shade of the triangle in a box. (i) Water consumed by Vidya = of 5 litres
3 5
2
= × 5 litres = 2 litres
5
(ii) Water drunk by Pratap = (5 – 2) = 3 litres.
The fraction of total quantity of water that
3
Pratap drunk =
5
Ex.25 A car runs 16 km using 1 litre of petrol. How
3
much distance will it cover using 2 litres of
Sol. (i) 4
petrol ?
Sol. Car runs in 1 litre of petrol = 16 km æ7 ö
= ç ´12 ÷ months (!"1 year = 12 months)
3 è3 ø
\ Car will run in 2 litres of petrol
4 = 28 months
æ 3ö = 2 years 4 months.
= ç16 ´ 2 ÷ km
è 4ø
3 æ3 ö
(iv) of a day = ç ´1÷ day
æ 16 11 ö æ 4 ´ 11 ö 8 è8 ø
= ç ´ ÷ km = ç ÷ km = 44 km.
è1 4ø è 1´1 ø
æ3 ö
= ç ´ 24 ÷ hours (!"1 day = 24
3 è 8 ø
Hence, car will go 44 km in 2 litres of petrol.
4 hours)
2 4 = 9 hours
Ex.26 Represent pictorially 2 ´ =
5 5
Ø DIVISION OF FRACTIONAL NUMBERS
Sol.
!"We know Division = Dividend ÷ Divisor
+ When a fraction number (or whole no.) divide by
fractional number (or whole no.) then we multiply
2 2 æ 2ö 4 dividend to reciprocal of divisor.
+ ç2´ ÷ =
5 5 è 5ø 5
v EXAMPLES v
1
Ex.27 Find : (i) of a rupee in paise Ex.28 Find the value of
4
5 25 7 15
2 (i) ÷ (ii) ÷
(ii) of an hour in minutes 7 21 8 8
5
2 1
7 (iii) 1 ÷ 2
(iii) of a year in months 7 14
3
5 25 5 21 3
3 Sol. (i) ÷ = ´ =
(iv) of a day in hours 7 21 7 25 5
8
7 15 7 8 7
1 æ1 ö (ii) ÷ = ´ =
Sol. (i) of a rupee = ç ´1÷ Rupee 8 8 8 15 15
4 è4 ø
2 1 9 29 9 14 18
(iii) 1 ÷ 2 = ÷ = ´ =
æ1 ö 7 14 7 14 7 29 29
= ç ´100 ÷ paise (!"1 Rupee. = 100 paise)
è4 ø ² Facts :
= 25 paise. 1. (Fractional number) ÷ 1 = same fractional
number
2 æ2 ö
(ii) of an hour = ç ´1÷ hr
5 è5 ø 2 2 1 2
÷1= ´ =
3 3 1 3
æ2 ö
= ç ´ 60 ÷ min (!1 hr = 60 minutes) 2. 0 ÷ Fractional number = 0 (always)
è5 ø
3. non zero fractional number ÷ same number = 1
= (2 × 12) min (always)
= 24 min. 2 2 2 3
÷ = ´ =1
7 æ7 ö 3 3 3 2
(iii) of a year = ç ´1÷ year
3 è3 ø
 4. '0' cannot be a divisor (! reciprocal of zero is fractions, improper fractions and whole
not possible) numbers :

v EXAMPLES v 3 9 1 1
(i) (ii) (iii) (iv)
7 5 8 11
3
2 3 7 1
Ex.29 Simplify : 4 Sol. Reciprocal of = =2 (mixed fraction)
5 7 3 3
1
7 9 5
Reciprocal of = (proper fractional)
3 5 9
2
Sol. 4 is same as 2 3 ÷ 1 5 1 8
5 4 7 Reciprocal of = = 8 (whole number)
1 8 1
7
1 11
3 5 Reciprocal of = = 11 (whole number)
Now, 2 ÷ 1 11 1
4 7
1
11 12 Ex.32 A piece of cloth of length 11 m is cut into
= ÷ ¬ (Rewrite the mixed numerals as 4
4 7 9 pieces of equal length. Find the length of
improper fractions) each piece.
11 7 1 45
= ´ ¬ (Change ÷ to × and replace the Sol. Length of cloth = 11 m= m
4 12 4 4
divisor by its reciprocal.)
Number of equal pieces = 9
77
= ¬ (Reduce to lowest form and multiply
48 æ 45 ö
Length of each piece = ç ÷ 9 ÷ m
the numerators and multiply the denominators) è 4 ø
29 æ 45 1 ö
= 1 ¬(Rewrite the improper fraction as = ç ´ ÷m
48 è 4 9ø
mixed numeral)
45 1 45 ´ 1 5 1
Ex.30 Find : = ´ = = =1 m
4 9 4´9 4 4
3 1 1
(i) 12 ÷ (ii) 2 ÷ 1 1
4 5 5 Hence, length of each piece = 1 m.
4
2 1 1
(iii) ÷1 (iv) 3 ÷ 4 1
5 2 2 Ex.33 The area of a rectangle is 50 sq. cm. If its
2
3 12 4 4´ 4 16 1
Sol. (i) 12 ÷ = ´ = = = 16 breadth is 2 cm. find its length.
4 1 3 1´1 1 4
1 1 11 6 11 5 Sol. Area of rectangle = length × breadth
(ii) 2 ÷ 1 = ÷ = ´
5 5 5 5 5 6 1 1 101 9
50 = length × 2 Þ = length ×
11 ´ 5 11 5 2 4 2 4
= = =1
5´ 6 6 6 101 9
÷ = length
2 1 2 3 2 2 2´ 2 4 2 4
(iii) ÷1 = ÷ = ´ = =
5 2 5 2 5 3 5´3 15 æ 101 4 ö
ç ´ ÷ cm = length
1 7 4 7 1 7 ´1 7 è 2 9ø
(iv) 3 ÷ 4 = ÷ = ´ = =
2 2 1 2 4 2´ 4 8
101´ 2 202 4
Length = cm = = 22 cm
Ex.31 Find the reciprocal of each of the following 9 9 9
fractions. Classify the reciprocals as proper
 4 2 3-2 1
Hence, length of rectangle = 22 cm. - of
9
= 3 6 2
Ø SIMPLIFYING BRACKETS IN FRACTIONS 5 2 1 1
- of +
6 3 3 9
v EXAMPLES v 2 1 1
- of
= 3 6 2
4 é 1 ìï 3 æç 1 3 1 ö÷üïù 5-4 1 1
Ex.34 Simplify : +ê -í - + - ýú of +
7 ê 2 ïî 4 çè 5 7 5 ÷øïþú 6 3 9
ë û
Sol. Let us first solve bar brackets : 2 1 1 2 1
- ´ -
4 é 1 ìï 3 æç 1 3 1 ö÷üïù = 3 6 2 = 3 12
+ê -í - + - ýú 1 1 1 1 1
´ + +
7 ê 2 ïî 4 çè 5 7 5 ÷øïþú 6 3 9 18 9
ë û
8 -1 7
4 é 1 ìï 3 æ 1 15 - 7 ö÷üïù 7´6
= + ê - í - çç + ýú = 12 = 12 =
7 18
´
7
7 ê 2 ïî 4 è 5 35 ÷øïþú 1+ 2 3 12 3
=
12 ´ 1
=
2
ë û
18 18
4 é 1 ì 3 æ 1 8 ö üù
= + ê - í - ç + ÷ ýú
7 ë 2 î 4 è 5 35 øþû Ø DECIMALS

4 é 1 ì 3 æ 7 + 8 ö üù Let us consider 6598302

= + ê -í -ç ÷ ýú
7 ë 2 î 4 è 35 øþû Place Ten Ten
Lakh Thousand Hundred Tens ones
value Lakh Thousand
4 é 1 ì 3 15 üù face 6
= + ê - í - ýú 5 9 8 3 0 2
7 ë 2 î 4 35 þû value

4 é 1 ì 3 3 üù moving from right to left

= + ê - í - ýú
7 ë 2 î 4 7 þû
When we move from right to left place value is
4 é 1 ì 21 - 12 üù 4 é1 9 ù increase (by 10 times) but from left to right, place
= +ê -í ýú = + ê - ú
7 ë 2 î 28 þû 7 ë 2 28 û value is decreasing (by one tenth of place value)
Again consider 9321
4 é14 - 9 ù 4 é5ù
= + = +ê ú
7 êë 28 úû 7 ë 28 û Let us proceed from 9 to the right.
The place value of 9 is 9 thousand.
4 5 4´ 4 + 5 21
= + = =
7 28 28 28 The place value of 3 is 3 hundred
The place value of 2 is 2 tens.
2 1 1 1
- - of The place value of 1 is 1 ones.
Ex.35 Simplify : 3 2 3 2
5 2 1 1 So, a number right to 1 must have for its value
- of +
6 3 3 9 on-tenth of one. This fractional part is usually
separated from the whole number by means
2 1 1 1 of a dot (.) called the decimal point.
- - of
Sol. We have 3 2 3 2
Consider 9321.6,
5 2 1 1
- of + 6
6 3 3 9 The place value of 6 is 6 tenths or .
10
Consider, 9321.65,
 5 (ii) Unlike decimals :
The place value of 5 is 5 hundredths or .
100 Definition : Decimals having the different
Consider, 9321.654, number of decimal places.

4 For example, 1.12, 2.329, 42.8 are unlike

The place value of 4 is 4 thousandths or . decimals having 2, 3 and 1 decimal places
1000 respectively.
So the expanded form of 9321.654 is Note : 2.7 = 2.70 = 2.700 = 2.7000 = ......
9 thousand + 3 hundred + 2 tens + 1 ones i.e. we can put any number of zero after
+ 6 tenths + 5 hundredths + 4 thousandths. extreme right decimal part.
or 9321.654
Ø COMPARING DECIMALS
6 5 4
= 9000 + 300 + 20 + 1 + + + ² Methods :
10 100 1000
9321.654 is read as "Nine thousand three (i) Convert the given decimals into like decimals if
hundred twenty one" point six hundred and it is unlike.
fifty four. (ii) First compare the whole numbers.
Place value table represents the value of the (iii) If whole-number parts are equal, compare the
places : tenths¢ digits.
Thousands Hundreds Tens ones Tenths Hundredths Thousandths
(iv) If tenth's digit are equal, compare the
1 1 1 hundredths' digits and so on.
1,000 100 10 1
10 100 1000
v EXAMPLES v
Ø DEFINITION : DECIMALS Ex.36 Compare : (i) 173.856 and 173.456
The numbers expressed in decimal forms are called (ii) 235.67 and 254.98
decimals. For example, 5.2, 21.32, 8.469, ... etc. are Sol. (i) !"1, 7, 3, 5 and 6 are same in both numbers but
decimals.
Decimal has two parts : 8>4 \ 173.856 > 173.456

(i) whole number part (ii) decimal part. (ii) !"In whole part ten's place 3 < 5 but hundreds
place is same.
For example, in 21.32
\ 235.67 < 254.98
21 ® whole part
Ex.37 Which is greater :
32 ® decimal part
(i) 0.5 or 0.05 (ii) 0.7 or 0.5
and read as twenty one point three two.
(iii) 1.37 or 1.49 (iv) 0.8 or 0.88
² Decimal places : The number of decimal places is
equal to the number of digits contained in decimal Sol. (i) Digits on the left side of decimal in 0.5 and 0.05
part of a decimal. are same i.e., 0. At tenths place 5 > 0, 0.5 > 0.05.
For example, in 8.3, 6.23, 10.145 all the numbers (ii) Digits on the left side of decimals in 0.7 and
have one, two three digits in decimal parts 0.5 are same i.e., 0. At tenths place 7 > 5, so,
respectively. 0.7 > 0.5.
² Types of Decimals : (iii) Digits on the left side of decimals in 1.37 and
(i) Like decimals : 1.49 are same i.e., 1. Now the digits at tenths
place (3 < 4), so 1.49 > 1.37.
Definition : Decimals having the same number
of decimal places. (iv) 0.8 or 0.88 Þ 0.80 or 0.88

For example, 2.37, 9.01, 14.23 are like Digits at the left side of decimals are same i.e.,
decimals, having 2 decimal places. zero.
 Now digits at tenths place are same i.e. eight (8) (iii) 6.9 + 32.26
Now digits at hundredth place is (8 > 0), so Sol. (i) 3.21 + 2.34
(0.88 > 0.80)

Ø ADDITION & SUBTRACTION OF

DECIMALS
(ii) 0.0345 + 6.124 = 0.0345 + 6.1240
² Addition of Decimals :
Let us add 24.06 and 8.2.
Here the first number has two decimal places and
the second has one decimal place. So, the maximum
number of decimal places is 2. (iii) 6.9 + 32.26 = 6.90 + 32.36
Hence we write each of them as two place decimal
by putting zeroes wherever necessary at the right of
the numbers as shown below :
24.06 and 8.2 as 8.20
Ex.40 Evaluate the following :
To add these, we write the decimals in columns
keeping the decimal points in the same column. (i) 4.12 – 2.22 (ii) 62.7 – 60.74
Sol. (i) (ii)

While adding, we put the decimal point in the

column of the decimal points.
Note : It must be noted that the carried digit from
tenths place may to beyond the decimal point to To convert a decimal number into a decimal
reach ones place. fraction, we follow the steps given below :
² Subtraction of Decimals : To subtract a decimal Step 1 :
from another decimal, we follow the same Count the decimal places in the decimal number.
procedure as we in addition. Let us recall the
Step 2 :
procedure :
Ignore the decimal point and write all the digits of
Step 1 : We arrange the decimals in column form the decimal number as the numerator for the
by keeping the decimal points in the same column. decimal fraction.
Step 2 : We subtract as usual ignoring the decimal Step 3 :
points. Then finally, we put the decimal point in the
difference in the column of decimal points. Write the denominator as 1 with as many zeroes at
the right as the number of decimal places.
v EXAMPLES v Step 4 :
Ex.38 Subtract 0.7342 from 1. The decimal fraction thus obtained may be reduced
to its simplest form.

Sol. v EXAMPLES v
Ex.41 Convert 56.432 into a decimal fraction.
Sol. Decimal places = 3
Ex.39 Evaluate :
Numerator = 56432
(i) 3.21 + 2.34
Denominator = 103 = 1000
(ii) 0.0345 + 6.124
 56432 28216 7054 For example, 82.53 × 7.4
Decimal fraction = = =
1000 500 125 First find the product of 8253 and 74 (ignoring
decimal point)
Ø MULTIPLICATION OF DECIMAL NUMBERS 8253 × 74
8 2 5 3
Shreyansh purchased 2.5 kg sugar at the rate of
j 22.50 per kg. How much money should he pay? × 7 4
Certainly it would be j (2.5 × 22.50). Both 2.5 and 3 3 0 1 2
22.50 are decimal numbers. So, we have come
across a situation where we need to know how to 5 7 7 7 1 ×
multiply two decimals. There are three cases of 6 1 0 7 2 2
multiplication of decimals which are :
Now, 82.53 × 7.4 = 610.722 (mark the decimal
² Multiplication of a decimal by 10, 100, 1000 etc. point after (2 + 1 = 3) digits from right).
Method : On multiplying a decimal number by 10, Ex.42 Multiply : (i) 1.6 by 0.3 (ii) 8.03 by 2.9
100, 1000, … the decimal point is shifted to the
right by one, two, three, … places respectively. (iii) 0.657 by 27
Sol. (i) We write it as 1.6 × 0.3
For example,
16 3 48
673.234 × 10 = 673.234 = 6732.34 = ´ = = 0.48
10 10 100
673.234 × 100 = 673.234 = 67323.4 Hence, 1.6 × 0.3 = 0.48
(ii) We write it as 8.03 × 2.9
673.234 × 1000 = 673.234 = 673234.0
803 29 23287
² Multiplication of a decimal by a whole number = ´ = = 23.287
100 10 1000
Method : Multiply the whole number by decimal
(without the decimal point). Mark the decimal point Hence, 8.03 × 2.9 = 23.287
in the product from right side to have as many (iii) We write it as 0.657 × 27
decimals as there are in the given decimal.
657 657 ´ 27
= × 27 =
For example, 12 × 3.82 1000 1000
First find the product of 12 and 382 17739
= = 17.739
(ignoring decimal) 382 × 12 1000
382 Hence, 0.657 × 27 = 17.739
×12 Ex.43 Find the following products :
764 (i) 23.25 × 5 (ii) 2.325 × 25
382× Sol. (i) 23.25 × 5
4584 2325
Now, 3.82 × 12 = 45.84 (mark the point after two ´ 5
digits from right). 11625
² Multiplication of a decimal by a decimal So, 23.25 × 5 = 116.25
Method : Step 1 :
1. Multiply the decimal numbers as of ordinary Multiply the multiplicand by the multiplier
number (ignoring decimal points) without bothering about the decimal point.
2. Mark the decimal point in the product after as Step 2 :
many places (from the right) as the sum of the
Count the number of digits in the multiplicand
decimal places in the each number.
after decimal point. It is 2 in this case. Count
 two digits from the unit place in the product To find the product of three decimal fractions,
and put a decimal point. we can regroup them in any order, the result is
Therefore, 23.25 × 5 = 116.25 the same in both cases. Thus, multiplication of
decimals is associative.
(ii) 2.325 × 25
Ex.45 Find
2325
(i) 10.05 × 1.05 (ii) 100.01 × 1.1
´ 25
11625 Sol. (i) First multiply 1005 by 105
46500
1005
58125
´ 105
So, 2.325 × 25 = 58.125 5025
0000´
Step 1 : 1005´ ´
Multiply the multiplicand by the multiplier 105525
without bothering about the decimal point.
Sum of decimal places in the given decimal
Step 2 :
= (2 + 2) = 4
The multiplicand has 3 places of decimal.
Count three digits from the unit place of the So, product will contain 4 places of decimals
product and put the decimal point. from the right side.
Therefore, 2.325 × 25 = 58.125 10.05 × 1.05 = 10.5525
Ex.44 Multiply 6.7 × 4.25 × 12.3 (ii) 100.01 × 1.1
Sol. (i) 6.7 × 4.25 × 12.3 = (6.7 × 4.25) × 12.3 First multiply 10001 by 11.
= 28.475 × 12.3 = 350.2425 10001
67 28475 ´ 11
´ 425 ´ 123 10001
335 85425 10001´
+ 1340 + 569500 110011
+ 26800 + 2847500
Sum of decimal places in the given decimals
28475 3502425
= (2 + 1) = 3
Also we can make the grouping as
So, product will contain 3 places of decimals
(ii) 6.7 × 4.25 × 12.3 from the right side.
= 6.7 × (4.25 × 12.3) = 6.7 × 52.275 100.01 × 1.1 = 110.011
= 350.2425 Ex.46 Find the area of rectangle whose length is
425 5.7 cm and breadth is 3 cm.
52275 Sol. Length of rectangle = 5.7 cm
´ 123
1275 ´ 67
365925 Breadth of rectangle = 3 cm
+ 8500
+ 3136500 Area of rectangle = length × breadth
+ 42500 3502425
52275 = (5.7 × 3)cm2 = 17.1 cm2
Ex.47 A two-wheeler covers a distance of 55.3 km in
We find that one litre of petrol. How much distance will it
(6.7 × 4.25) × 12.3 = 6.7 × (4.25 × 12.3) cover in 10 litres of petrol ?

Hence, Sol. Distance covered in one litre petrol = 55.3 km

Distance convered in 10 litres of petrol
 = 55.3 × 10 km 3.27 ÷ 10 = 0.327
= 553.0 km = 553 km 3.27 ÷ 100 = 0.0327
3.27 ÷ 1000 = 0.00327
Ex.48 If 625 × 5 = 3125, find value of ² Dividing a decimal by a whole number
(i) 6.25 × 5 Method :
(ii) 62.5 × 5 orally. (i) Divide the dividend considering it as a whole
Sol. As 625 × 5 = 3125 Þ 6.25 × 5 = 31.25 number.

As 625 × 5 = 3125 Þ 62.5 × 5 = 312.5 (ii) When the division of whole-number part of the
dividend is complete, mark the decimal point in
Tip : Squaring of a number with decimal or without the quotient and proceed with the division as in
decimal ending with 5. case of whole number.
Eg. (i) 1.5 × 1.5 For example,
2
= (1.5) 149.236 ÷ 8
= 2 . 25 18.6545
(1 × 2) (square of 5) 8 149.236
8
Eg. (ii) ( 2 . 5 )2 69
= 6 . 25 - 64
52
(2 × 3) (square of 5) - 48
Eg. (iii) ( 0. 35 )2 43
- 40
= 0.12 25
36
(3 × 4) (square of 5) - 32
Eg. (iv) ( 7 5 )2 40
- 40
= 56 25 0
(7 × 8) (square of 5) ² Dividing a decimal by a decimal
In general (a5)2 = a(a + 1)25 Method :
We can set correct position of decimal. (i) Convert the divisor into a whole number by
Note : In multiplication of two numbers a & b is multiplying it by 10, 100, 1000, … etc,
depending upon the number of decimal places
a × b = ab in it. Also we multiply the dividend by the
here a = multiplier, same multiplier.
b = multiplicand, (ii) Divide the new dividend by the whole number
obtained above.
ab = product
For example, 22.08 ÷ 1.5
Ø DIVISION OF DECIMAL NUMBERS 22.08 2208 ´ 10 220.8
= = =
² Dividing a decimal by 10, 100, 1000 etc. 1.5 100 ´ 15 15

Method : On dividing a number by 10, 100, 1000,

… the digits of the number and quotient are same
but the decimal point in the quotient shifts to left by
one, two, three, … places.
For example,
 14.72 43.5
15 220.8 35 1522.5
- 15 - 140
70 122
- 60 - 105
108 175
- 105 - 175
30 ´
- 30
0 Thus, 15.225 ÷ 0.35 = 43.5

(ii) 50.76 ÷ 9.4 = 507.6 ÷ 94

v EXAMPLES v 5. 4
Ex.49 Find 15.225 ÷ 0.35 94 507.6
- 470
Sol. We can write it as
376
15225 35 - 376
= ÷ [Writing decimal fractions as
1000 100 ´
fractions]
Thus, 50.76 ÷ 9.4 = 5.4
[Change ÷ by × and replace the divisor by its
reciprocal] Ex.52 Find the quotient of 0.06688 ÷ 0.038

15225 100 Sol. Make the divisor a whole number by shifting

= ´ = 1522.5 ÷ 35 the decimal point in dividend to the right by
1000 35
three places, we have 0.06688 ÷ 0.038
Thus, we note that
= 0.06688 ÷ 0.038 = 66.88 ÷ 38
15.225 ÷ 0.35 = 1522.5 ÷ 0.35 = 1522.5 ÷ 35
Thus if the decimal point is moved to two 1.76
places towards right in the divisor then the 38 66.88
decimal point is also moved to the right in - 38
dividend by same number of places. 288
- 266
Ex.50 Find 50.76 ÷ 9.4 228
5076 94 5076 10 5076 - 228
Sol. = ÷ = ´ = ´ 94 = 507.6 ÷ 94 ´
100 10 100 94 10
Hence, 50.76 ÷ 9.4 = 507.6 ÷ 94 Thus, 0.06688 ÷ 0.038 = 1.76
Thus, we note that we can make the divisor as a Ex. 53 Find 0.024 ÷ 0.6
whole number by shifting the decimal point to 0.024
right by as many places as the number of the Sol. 0.024 ÷ 0.6 =
decimal places in the divisor. This way, the 0.6
divisor is changed into a whole number. 0.24
= = 0.04
Ex. 51 Divide (i) 15.225 by 0.35 (ii) 50.76 ÷ 9.4 6
0.04
Sol. (i) 15.225 ÷ 0.35 = 1522.5 ÷ 35
6 0.24
- 0.24
´
Ex.54 Find 64 ÷ 0.08
64.00 64.00 ´ 100
Sol. 64 ÷ 0.08 = =
0.08 0.08 ´ 100
 6400
= 12.75
8
7
89.25
= 800 -7
[Shift the decimal points two places to the right 19
- 14
in both the numbers]
52
² Dividing of a whole number by a decimal - 49
For example, 35
- 35
9 ÷ 0.3 ´
Therefore, money received in 1 day = j 12.75
9 9 ´ 10
= = 1
0.3 3 Ex. 57 If 21.875 litres of oil is in 3 cans of tin of equal
2
90 capacity, find the capacity of oil in each can.
= = 30
3
1 1
Sol. Number of cans = 3 =3+
9 ÷ 0.3 = 30 2 2
= 3 + 0.5 = 3.5
v EXAMPLES v Total quantity of oil = 21.875 litres
Ex.55 Find the quotient of :
6.25
(i) 34 ÷ 1.36 (ii) 1032 ÷ 2.064
35 218.75
Sol. (i) Step 1 : Make the divisor as a whole number, - 210
we have
87
34 ÷ 1.36 = 3400 ÷ 136 - 70
Step 2 : Divide 3400 ÷ 136 175
- 175
25 ´
Therefore, capacity of one can
136 3400
- 272 = 21.875 ÷ 3.5 litres.
680 = 218.75 ÷ 35 = 6.25 litres
- 680
´ Ø CONVERSION OF UNITS
Thus 34 ÷ 1.36 = 25
Units of length :
(ii) Step 1 : Make the divisor as a whole number
1032 ÷ 2.064 = 1032000 ÷ 2064 Divide

Step 2 : Divide the new dividend by new kilometer (km)

divisor :
10 hectometer (hm) 10
500
2064 1032000 10 deca meter (dam) 10
smaller to bigger

bigger to smaller

- 1032000
meter (m)
´ 10 (standard unit of length)
10
Therefore, 1032 ÷ 2.064 = 500
10 decimeter (dm) 10
Ex.56 Alka gets j 89.25 as daily allowance for tea in 7
days. How much money does she get in 1 day? 10
10 centimeter (cm)
Sol. Money received in 7 days = j 89.25
Therefore, money received in 1 day 10 millimeter (mm) 10
= j 89.25 ÷ 7 Multiply
Note : Centimetres (length), grams (weight), litres Ex.60 Find the following products in the units given
(capacity) belonges to a set of units. This set is in brackets :
called Metric system of units.
(i) 3 × 42 g 745 mg in (g)
Fact : The metric system was developed in France in
1790, so as that units in the system would be (ii) 3 × 5 t 5460 kg in (t)
related to each other by a multiple of 10.
Sol. (i) Before multiplying, change the unit in the
Tip : To learn the order of units of length, we can use required unit
" Kaha Ho Daddy Mumma, Didi, Call Me " 745
42 g + 745 mg = 42 g + g
K ® km ; H ® hm ; D ® dam ; M ® metre ; 1000
D ® dm ; C ® cm ; M ® mm = 42 g + 0.745 g = 42.745 g
Also, \ 3 × 42g 745 mg = 3 × 42.745g = 128.235 g
×10 ×10 ×10 ×10 ×10 ×10 (ii) Now, 5t 5460 kg = 5t + 5460 kg
km hm dam m dm cm mm
kg hg dag g dg cg mg 5460
= 5t + t = 5t + 5.46 t = 10.46 t.
k! h! da! ! d! c! m! 1000
÷10 ÷10 ÷10 ÷10 ÷10 ÷10
\ 3 × 5t 5460 kg = 3 × 10.46 t = 31.38 t

v EXAMPLES v ² Other Units of Length (Imperial Units of

Length) :
Ex.58 Express the given quantity in terms of the units
given in brackets : 12 inches = 1 foot (ft)

(i) 45.93 km to (m) 3 feet = 1 yard (yd)

(ii) 73.72 kg to (cm) 1760 yards = 1 mile
(iii) 225 m 37 cm to (cm) Ex.61 Express the given quantity in the units given in
brackets :
(iv) 9.432 g to (mg)
(i) 549 inch (into ft)
Sol. (i) 45.93 km = 45.93 × 1000 m = 45930 m
(ii) 2 miles 9504 yards (into miles)
(ii) 73.72 km = 73.72 × 100000 cm = 7372000 cm
(iii) 1285 inch (into ft and inches)
(iii) 225 m 37 cm = 225 × 100 cm + 37 cm
Sol. (i) We know 12 inches = 1 foot
= 22500 cm + 37 cm
1
= 22537 cm \ 1 inch = foot
12
(iv) 9.432 g to mg = 9.432 × 1000 mg = 9432 mg
549 9
Ex.59 Express the given quantity in terms of the units Þ 549 inch = feet = 45 feet
given in brackets : 12 12

(i) 24.43 mg to (cg) (ii) 6795 g to (kg) = 45 feet and 9 inch.

(iii) 4203 mm to (hm) (iv) 15.89 m# to (#) 45 feet

12 549
24.43 - 48
Sol. (i) 24.43 mg = cg = 2.443 cg
10 69
- 60
6795
(ii) 6795 g = kg = 6.795 kg 9 inch
1000
4203
(iii) 4203 mm = hm = 0.04203 hm (ii) 2 miles 9504 yards
100000
In order to change 2 miles 9504 yards, we have
15.89 to change number of yards into miles.
(iv) 15.89 m# = ! = 0.01589 #
1000
Þ 2 miles 9504 yards = 2 miles + 9504 yards
 ! 1760 yards = 1 mile 1
Þ 1 paise = Rupees
100
1
1 yard = mile
1760 1 7
So, 7 paise = × 7 Rupees =
100 100
9504 ´ 1
Þ 9504 yards = = 5.4 miles
1760 7 paise = 0.07 Rupees

\ 2 miles + 9504 yards = 2 miles + 5.4 miles (ii) 7 Rupees and 7 Paise = j 7 + 7 Paise

= 7.4 miles 7
=j 7+j
100
(iii) 1285 inches
æ 7 ö
12 inches = 1 ft = j ç7 + ÷
è 100 ø
1285 ´ 1 1
1285 inches = ft = 107 ft
12 12 = j (7 + 0.07) = j 7.07
= 107 ft and 1 inch 235
(iii) 235 paise = j (! 100 paise = j 1 )
100
Ex.62 How many metres are there in 6728 cm? 235 paise = j 2.35
Sol. We know that 100 cm = 1 m Ex.67 Express 5 cm in metres and kilometers.
1 1
Þ 1 cm = m Sol. 5 cm = × 5 metres
100 100
So, 6728 cm = (6728 ÷ 100) m 1
(! 100 cm = 1m and 1 cm = m)
6728 cm = 67.28 meters 100

Ex.63 How many decimeters are there in 23.7 cm ? 5

= metres
100
1
Sol. We know that 10 cm = 1 dm Þ 1 cm = dm
10 5 cm = 0.05 metres
So, 23.7 cm = (23.7 ÷ 10) dm 1
5 cm = 5 × km
100000
23.7 cm = 2.37 decimeters
Ex.64 How many grams are there in 725.65 1
(! 100000 cm = 1 km \ 1 cm = km)
hectograms ? 100000
Sol. We known that 1 hectogram = 100 grams 5 cm = 0.00005 km.
So, 725.65 hectograms = (725.65 × 100) grams Ex.68 Express in kg
725.65 hectograms = 72565 grams (i) 200 g
Ex.65 How many milliliters are there in 6.1072 litres? (ii) 3470 g
Sol. We know that 1 litre = 100 ml. (iii) 4 kg 8 g
6.1072 litres = (6.1072 × 1000) ml 200
Sol. (i) 200 gm = kg
6.1072 litres = 6107.2 ml 1000

Ex.66 Express as rupees using decimals : 1

(! 1000 gm = 1 kg \ 1 gm = kg)
1000
(i) 7 paise (ii) 7 rupees 7 paise
\ 200 gm = 0.200 kg
(iii) 235 paise
3470
Sol. (i) We know that 100 paise = 1 Rupee (ii) 3470 g = kg
1000
 1
(! 1000 gm = 1 kg \ 1 gm = kg)
1000
\ 3470 gm = 3.470 kg
8
(iii) 4 kg 8 gm = 4 kg + kg
1000
1
(! 1000 gm = 1 kg \ 1 gm = kg)
1000
= (4 + 0.008) kg
\ 4 kg 8 g = 4.008 kg
 EXERCISE # 1
Ø MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS
Q.12 The fraction in which the numerator is less than
the denominator is called ________ fraction
Q.1 5.5 km is equal to
(A) like (B) unlike
(A) 5.5 hm (B) 0.55 hm
(C) improper (D) proper
(C) 550 hm (D) 55 hm
Q.13 The value of product of two proper fractions is
Q.2 0.8 g is equal to
always________ than each of the fractions.
(A) 8 dg (B) 0.8 dag
(A) greater (B) equal
(C) 8 hg (D) none of these
(C) less (D) none of these
Q.3 16 m# is equal to
3
(A) 1600 # (B) 16 # Q.14 The reciprocal of is
7
(C) 1.6 c# (D) none of these 7 1
(A) (B) 2
3 3
Q.4 0.088 ÷ 2.2 is equal to (C) (A) and (B) both (D) none of these
(A) 4 (B) 0.4
(C) 0.04 (D) none of these 5
Q.15 of a week is ___ days
7
Q.5 0.8007 × 1000 is equal to (A) 5 days (B) 7 days
(A) 800.7 (B) 8.007 (C) 2 days (D) none of these
(C) 8007.0 (D) none of these
Q.16 7.235 kg is equal to ______
Q.6 The value of 25.75 ÷ 100 is equal to (A) 72.35 gm (B) 7235 gm
(A) 2.575 (B) 257.5 (C) 0.7235 gm (D) none of these
(C) 0.2575 (D) none of these
Q.17 7204 m is equal to ______
Q.7 The value of 2.2 × 0.2 × 0.001 is equal to (A) 7.204 km (B) 72.04 km
(A) 4.2 (B) 0.00044 (C) 0.7204 km (D) none of these
(C) 4.4 (D) none of these
Q.18 1245 ÷ 100 is equal to ______
Q.8 If 14 × 4 = 56 then value of 0.14 × 4 is (A) 12.45 (B) 1.245
(A) 5.6 (B) 0.056 (C) 124.5 (D) none of these
(C) 0.56 (D) none of these
Ø SHORT ANSWERS TYPE QUESTIONS
Q.9 0.35 × 0.2 is equal to
(A) 7.0 (B) 0.7 Q.19 Write the fraction for each of the following
(C) 70.0 (D) 0.070 figures

Q.10 If 256 ÷ 16 = 16 then value of 2.56 ÷ 16 is

(i) (ii)
equal to
(A) 1.6 (B) 16.0
(C) 0.16 (D) none of these

Q.11 ______ is improper fraction (iii) (iv)

4 7 5 9
(A) (B) (C) (D)
7 4 7 11
Q.20 Shade/colour on the basis of given fractions 2
(iii) 4 ´ (c)
below : 4

1
(iv) 2 ´ (d)
3

Q.26 Multiply and give the answer in the lowest

1 1 1 term.
(i) Part (ii) Part (iii) Part
6 3 4
1 1
(i) 7 ´ 4 (ii) 14 ´ 3
Q.21 Simplify the following : 2 2
4 6 5 2 5 1
(i) 3 + (ii) 7 + (iii) + (iii) 1 ´ 35 (iv) of 21
5 9 6 7 14 3
2 3 2 1 2 3
(iv) 5 – (v) + + (vi) 3 - 4
3 10 5 2 5 7 Q.27 Find :
3 1 3 1 2 1 1
` (vii) 5 + 4 + 7 (viii) 9 + 8 (i) of 24 = ........... (ii) of 36 = .........
7 2 7 2 7 6 9

Q.22 Arrange the following fractions in ascending 7

(iii) of 96 = ............
order : 8
3 5 2 1 2 4 7
(i) , , (ii) , , , 1
4 12 3 3 9 6 9 Q.28 Ankita organised a picnic and invited of all
6
4 5 5 3 7 7
(iii) , , (iv) , , 1
9 3 21 20 15 10 her classmates. If of the classmates invited
2
Q.23 Use signs >, <, = in the following boxes : were girls, find how many boys were there at
1 3 9 3 Ankita's picnic, if there were 60 students in her
(i) (ii)
2 8 10 5 class.
4 1 2 16
(iii) 1 1 (iv)
5 10 3 24 Q.29 Simplify the following :

Q.24 Multiply and write the following in simplest 1 1 1 1 2 7

(i) ´ (ii) ´ (iii) ´
3 3 5 5 9 12
form :
7 1 6 6 34 3 20 1 1
(i) 9 ´ (ii) 3´ (iii) 5 ´ (iv) ´ (v) ´ (vi) of
8 4 7 17 50 5 7 6 7
5 7 1 3 33 7 8
(iv) 4 ´ (v) ´6 (vi) 14 ´ (vii) of (viii) of
2 2 7 11 55 56 89

Q.25 Match the following :

Q.30 Multiply and write the following in simplest
2 form :
(i) 3´ (a)
3
5 3 9 33 11 15
(i) ´ (ii) ´ (iii) ´
7 15 11 8 5 66
1
(ii) 2 ´ (b)
6 1 39 11 3
(iv) ´ (v) ´
13 14 3 10
Q.31 Simplify the following : Q.35 Find :
3 7 1 4
(i) of (i) 4 ÷ 3 (ii) 9 ÷ 3
5 9 3 7
13 11 1 1
(ii) of (iii) 11 ÷ 7 (iv) 13 ÷ 2
19 17 2 5
19 13
(iii) of
21 23 Q.36 Rohan caught 5 fishes. Their total weight was

31 17 1
7 kg. If all fishes have equal weight, find the
(iv) of 2
19 7
weight of one fish.
11 9
(v) of
13 5
Q.37 Divide :
Q.32 Complete the following : 8 2 7 5
(i) by (ii) by
9 3 8 6
2 10
(i) ´ = =
5 2 10 3 3 7 1
(iii) by (iv) by
4 4 13 4
9 11 99
(ii) ´ = =1
11
Q.38 Find the quotient in each of the following :
3 1 1 2 1
(iii) ´ = =1 (i) 7 ÷ 1 (ii) 3 ÷ 2
5 15 2 2 3 2
3 15 1 3 1 3
(iv) ´ = = (iii) 3 ÷ 1 (iv) 1 ÷ 8
5 3 15 2 4 4 8

4 5
(v) ´ = =1 Q.39 Which of the following are true, write T in the
5
box otherwise write F ?
2
(vi) ´ = =1 2 5 4
9 2 18 (i) ÷ =
3 6 5

Q.33 Find the multiplicative inverse (reciprocal) of (ii)

each of the following :
7 1 1 3 1 1
(i) (ii) 6 (iii) (iii) 1 ÷ =
15 4 7 4 4 7

17 27
(iv) (v) 3
7 4 Q.40 Sheela's mother bought kg of toffees. She
4
Q.34 Find the quotient of the following divisions : distributed the toffees to some children. If each

4 2 1
(i) ÷6 (ii) ÷8 child was given kg toffees, find how many
5 3 8
children were distributed the toffees ?
3 7
(iii) 15 ÷ (iv) ÷ 16
7 8
 1 5 5
Q.41 How many boards of length 1 feet can be cut (ii) 3 ÷ =3
2 7 7
from a piece of a wooden log that measures 7
(iii) 0 ÷ =
1 11
22 feet in length ?
2
(iv) 0 ÷ =0
Q.42 Fill in the blanks using the properties of 19
(v) ÷ =0
division. 27
13
(i) ÷1 =
27
 ANSWER KEY
1. D 2. A 3. C 4. C 5. A 6. C
7. B 8. C 9. D 10. C 11. B 12. D
13. C 14. C 15. A 16. B 17. A 18. A
3 1 3 1 3 1
19. (i) = (ii) (iii) (iv) =
6 2 8 4 6 2
19 23 47 13 6 36 243 249
21. (i) (ii) (iii) (iv) (v) (vi) - (vii) (viii)
5 3 42 3 5 35 14 14
5 2 3 2 1 4 7 5 4 5 3 7 7
22. (i) < < (ii) < < < (iii) < < (iv) < <
12 3 4 9 3 6 9 21 9 3 20 15 10
23. (i) > (ii) > (iii) > (iv) =
63 3 30
24. (i) (ii) (iii) (iv) 10 (v) 21 (vi) 2
8 4 7
25. (i) b (ii) d (iii) c (iv) a
63 95
26. (ii) 49 (iii) (iv) 7
2 2
27. (i) 4 (ii) 4 (iii) 84
28. 5 boys
1 1 7 6 12 5 1 9 1
29. (i) (ii) (iii) (iv) (v) =1 (vi) (vii) (viii)
9 25 54 25 7 7 42 55 89
1 27 3 1 3 11 1
30. (i) (ii) =3 (iii) (iv) (v) =1
7 8 8 2 14 10 10
7 143 247 527 99
31. (i) (ii) (iii) (iv) (v)
15 323 483 133 65
32. (i) 5, 1 (ii) 9, 99 (iii) 5, 3, 15 (iv) 5, 1 (v) 4, 20, 20 (vi) 9, 18
15 4 7 4
33. (i) (ii) (iii) 7 (iv) (v)
7 25 17 27
2 1 7
34. (i) (ii) (iii) 35 (iv)
15 12 128
1 13 7 10
35. (i) 1 (ii) 2 (iii) 1 (iv) 5
5 25 15 11
1
36. 1 kg
2
4 21 1 28 2
37. (i) (ii) =1 (iii) 1 (iv) =2
3 20 20 13 13
22 7 10
38. (i) 5 (ii) =1 (iii) 2 (iv)
15 15 67
39. (i) T (ii) F (iii) F
40. 6 children 41. 15 boards
13 0
42. (i) (ii) 1 (iii) 0 (iv) is not defined (v) 0
27 0
 EXERCISE # 2

3
Q.1 Ramesh can iron a shirt in 4 minutes, how Q.8 Simplify each of the following :
4
4 3 1
long will he take to iron 16 shirts ? (i) - ÷
5 10 2
1 4 3 2
Q.2 A bags of flour weighs 35 kg. What is the (ii) + ´
4 5 10 9
weight of 105 bags ?
Q.9 Write each of the following decimals in words :
3 (i) 7.26 (ii) 247.893
Q.3 A cook adds 4 cups of water to a stew. If the
7 (iii) 240.004 (iv) 9.007
3
cup holds of a litre, how many litres of Q.10 Simplify each of the following :
14
(i) 4.032 – 3.947 – 3.472 + 0.943
water were added ?
(ii) 9.069 – 10.2 + 12.321 – 27.957
1 Q.11 In the given figure the perimeter (the distance
Q.4 It takes 3 minutes for a cub scout to clean a
4
all round) of the triangle is 6.5 cm. What is the
pair of shoes. If he cleans 36 pairs of shoes to length of third side ?
raise money for a charity, how long does he
spend to this job ?
2.3 cm
1.6 cm
Q.5 A pharmacist counts 24 tablets and put them
1
into a bottle. Each tablet weighs of a gram
4 ?
1
and the weight of the bottle is 112 grams. Q.12 Find the perimeter of the rectangle shown in
2
What is the total weight ? fig.
7.1 cm
1 1
Q.6 A car travels 5 km north, then 2 km west
4 2 4.2 cm 4.2 cm
3
and finally 4 km north. What is the total
8
7.1 cm
distance travelled (in kilometers) ? What
fraction of the journey was travelled in a Q.13 A piece of webbing is 17.6 m long. If 2.37 m is
northerly direction ? cut off, how much is left ?

Q.7 State whether each of the following statements Q.14 The bill for three meals was j 1443.90. The first
is true or false : meal costs j 338.30 and the second j 645.75.
1 2 1 2 What was the cost of the third ?
(i) ´ + =
2 3 3 3
Q.15 Fill in the blanks :
1 3 1 1 1
(ii) ÷ + = + (i) 3.432 × 6 = ........................
4 4 2 3 2
(ii) 1.07 × 1 × 3 = ........................
1 1 1 3 2
(iii) + ÷ = ´ (iii) 1.26629 × 9 = ........................
2 4 2 4 1
Q.16 Find the following products : Q.28 Sheela brought 5.5 # of oil. If each litre costs
(i) 512 × 0.947 j 73.50. How much did she spend ?
(ii) 756.329 × 6.3429 × 0
(iii) 26.004 × 45 Q.29 Find the quotient in each of the following :
(i) 2.16 ÷ 9 (ii) 2.25 ÷ 15 (iii) 319.2 ÷ 288
Q.17 Fill in the blanks :
(i) 2.45 × 10 = ........................ Q.30 Divide the following :
(ii) 7.2 × 10 = ........................ (i) 98.01 ÷ 10 (ii) 32.24 ÷ 1000
(iii) 19.25 × 100 = ........................ (iii) 300.4 ÷ 100

Q.18 Find the multiplier : Q.31 Fill in the blanks :

(i) 17.03 × ........................ = 17030 (i) 79.84 ÷ = 0.7984
(ii) 92.125 × ...................... = 92125
(ii) 125.1 ÷ = 1.251
(iii) 7.25 × .......................... = 725
(iii) 2593.7 ÷ = 2.5937
Q.19 Find the multiplicand :
(i) ............... × 100 = 621.6 Q.32 Divide the following :
(ii) ............... × 1000 = 245.7 (i) 0.1008 ÷ 0.9 (ii) 20.28 ÷ 0.26
(iii) ............... × 10 = 240.7
Q.33 Divide the following :
Q.20 Multiply the decimal numbers with the given (i) 83.4412 ÷ 0.8 (ii) 0.2136 ÷ 0.006
powers of 10.
S. No. Number 10 102 103 Q.34 Divide each of the following :
(i) 6.943 0.2 ´ 0.6
(i)
(ii) 76.001 0.4
(iii) 0.0029 3.2
(ii)
4 ´ 0.002
Q.21 If the length of side of a square is 14.32 cm, 0.9 ´ 4 ´ 9.6
then find (i) area (ii) perimeter. (iii)
7.2
Q.22 The length of a side of a regular 6-sided Q.35 15 slabs of milky bar weigh 5.652 kg. How
polygon (hexagon) is 10.9 cm. Find the much does each slab weight ?
perimeter of the polygon.
Q.36 If 15 pencil boxes cost j 190.80. What is the
Q.23 Add 3.42 and 6.409 and multiply the result by
cost of one pencil box ?
2.3.
Q.37 The total cost of 68 tape recorders is
Q.24 Take 9.632 from 11 and multiply the result by
j 78373.40. What is the cost of one tape
11.
recorder ?
Q.25 The cost of 1 metre water pipe is j 5.80. What
Q.38 If 35.4 litres of petrol cost j 1053.15, find the
will be the cost of 8.5 metres of the pipe ?
price of one litre of petrol.
Q.26 A bottle holds 0.750 # of a cold drink. How
Q.39 The perimeter of a square is 244.56 cm. What
much of cold drink will be there in 21 such is the length of one side ?
bottles ?
Q.40 Divide 132.6 into 12 equal parts.
Q.27 A litre of milk costs j 15.25. What will be the
cost of 100 litres of milk ? Q.41 Share j 143.45 equally among 8 people.
Q.42 Express each of the following in metres Q.52 On a trip last summer, Shashi drove 100 km in
(i) 4.5 km (ii) 63 cm 1
2 hours. How many km did she run in one
(iii) 8 cm (iv) 4 mm 2
(v) 169 dm (vi) 0.235 km hour ?

Q.43 Express each of the following in litres Q.53 The perimeter of a regular pentagon (a five-
(i) 42.3 dal (ii) 235.2 ml sided closed figure with all the sides are equal)
(iii) 0.123 kl (iv) 34.25 hl is 162.34 cm. What is the length of one side ?
(v) 2.312 kl (vi) 68.6 cl
Q.54 Simplify :
Q.44 Find the sum of 7m 50 cm and 500 cm in (i) 5.5 of 3.67 – (1.67 + 1.63 - 0.44 ) ÷ 0.2
metres. (ii) 4.4 ÷ 1.1 – [3.3 + {1.1 × 4.4 – (1.1 ÷ 2.2
Q.45 Find the sum of 2 kg, 270 g and 580 g in + 3.3 - 2.2 of 1.1)}]
grams. (iii) 6.5[3.5 {14.5 – (2.8 – 3.5 ÷ 0.7 )}]
Q.46 Find the perimeter of a square if each side of (iv) 1.5{3.9 – (4.5 – 3.2 × 0.5)}
length is 4.4 cm. Give your answer in metres. (v) 6.5 [2.4 + (1.5 + 7.2)]

Q.47 Find in kilograms, the total mass of a bag of

flour of mass 2.5 kg, a jar of jam of mass 360 g
and a packet of rice of mass 400 g.

Q.48 While helping father put in a new driveway,

Shyam carried 14 bags of sand from the garage
to the cement mixer. If each bag weighed
1
25 kg , what was the total weight of all the
4
sand that Shyam carried ?

Q.49 A mail train travels from Delhi to Chennai in

1
2 days. A jet plane makes the trip from Delhi
2
to Chennai in 5 hours. How many hours longer
does the train take to make this trip ?

1
Q.50 Mother had 2 cups of ice cream left in the
2
refrigerator. She decided to serve it to Priyanka
and her 3 friends. If she divided the ice cream
equally, how much would each child get ?

1
Q.51 Shahina has a 7 metres long ribbon. How
2
1
many 1 metres long pieces can she cut from
2
the ribbon ?
 ANSWER KEY
14805 93
1. 76 minutes or 1 Hour 16 minutes 2. kg 3. litre
4 98
1 1 35
4. 117 minutes or 1 Hour 57 minutes 5. 118 g 6. 12 km; km
2 8 97
1 13
7. (i) T (ii) T (iii) F 8. (i) (ii)
5 15
9. (i) seven point two six (ii) Two hundred forty seven point eight nine three
(iii) Two hundred forty point zero zero four (iv) Nine point zero zero seven
10. (i) – 2.444 (ii) –16.767
11. 2.6 cm 12. 22.6 cm 13. 15.23 cm
14. j 459.85 15. (i) 20.592 (ii) 3.21 (iii) 11.39661
16. (i) 484.864 (ii) 0 (iii) 1170.18
17. (i) 24.5 (ii) 72 (iii) 1925
18. (i) 1000 (ii) 1000 (iii) 100
19. (i) 6.216 (ii) 0.2457 (iii) 24.07
20. (i) 69.43, 694.3, 6943 (ii) 760.01, 7600.1, 76001 (iii) 0.029, 0.29, 2.9
2
21. (i) 205.0624 cm (ii) 57.28 cm
22. 65.4 cm 23. 22.6067 24. 15.048 25. j 49.30
26. 15.750 #" " 27. j 1525 28. j 404.25
29. (i) 0.24 (ii) 0.15 (iii) 1.108
30. (i) 9.801 (ii) 0.03224 (iii) 3.004
31. (i) 100 (ii) 100 (iii) 1000
32. (i) 0.112 (ii) 78
33. (i) 104.3015 (ii) 35.6
34. (i) 0.3 (ii) 400 (iii) 4.8
35. 0.3768 kg 36. j 12.72 37. j 1152.55 38. j 29.75
39. 61.14 cm 40. 11.05 41. j 17.93 each
42. (i) 4500 m (ii) 0.63 m (iii) 0.08 m (iv) 0.004 m (v) 16.9 m (vi) 235 m
43. (i) 4.23 # (ii) 0.2352 # (iii) 123 # (iv) 3425 #" (v) 2312 #" (vi) 0.686 #
44. 12.50 m 45. 2850 g 46. 0.176 m 47. 3.26 kg
1 5
48. 353 kg 49. 55 hours 50. cups 51. 5 ribbons
2 8
52. 40 km 53. 32.47 cm
54. (i) 5.885 (ii) –2.43 (iii) 379.925 (iv) 1.5 (v) 72.15