CHAPTER 7

FRACTIONS

Compendium

A. Fractions

B. Types of Fractions

C. Equivalent Fractions

D. Like and Unlike Fractions

E. Addition and Subtraction of Fractions

Learning Objectives

You will learn how to:

 identify a fraction as a part of a whole

 differentiate between numerator and denominator
 identify different kinds of fractions
 compare fractions
 add and subtract fractions

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 CHAPTER7
FRACTIONS
Maths Lab Activity
Paper folding can be used to explain the concept of fractions as parts
of the whole. It can also be used to know the relationship between
the numerator and the denominator.

Take an A4 sheet of paper. This rectangular piece is to be considered

one whole. Mark the midpoints on the longer sides and fold the paper.

1
Each part is equal and represents the fraction .
2
1 1
The two equal halves make the whole or + =1
2 2

Fold it width-wise now to get four equal parts.

Each part is equal and represents the fraction one-fourth.
1 1 1 1
The four equal parts make the whole or + + + =1
4 4 4 4

1
Similarly, we can divide further to get 8 and 16 equal parts to get
8
1
and.
16

2
CHAPTER 7
FRACTIONS
Unfold the paper. Draw figures to represent the fractions formed by
paper folding.
From the above, we can observe that:
(i) A whole can be represented by different sets of fractions.
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
1= + = + + + = + + + + + + + = + + + +
2 2 4 4 4 4 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 2 4 8 16 16
(ii) A fraction can be interpreted and represented in different ways.
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
= + = + + + = + +
2 4 4 8 8 8 8 4 8 8

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 CHAPTER7
FRACTIONS

A. Fractions
"A fraction is a part of a whole." When a whole is cut into equal parts,
a fraction describes how many parts of the whole are being
considered.

Remember this!

A fraction is a number that is used to describe a part of a whole

number.

In Fig. 1(a), the whole is divided into six equal parts.

4
The shaded part in Fig. (b) is 4 out of 6 or .
6

a: Whole divided into six parts

4
b: Fraction
6

Fig:1

A fraction consists of the numerator and the denominator. In the

𝟒
fraction , 6 is called the denominator. It also says us how many equal
𝟔

parts the whole has been divided into.

The number 4 is called the numerator. It says us how many parts are
being considered.

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CHAPTER 7
FRACTIONS
Fractions can also be parts of a collection or a group. The given figure
is a collection of 15 triangles of which 11 are shaded. The shaded
11
triangles represent of the collection.
15

Fig. 2: Fraction of a collection

Checkpoint

1. What fraction of the numbers from 1 to 20 are odd numbers?

2. What fraction of the months begin with the letter J in a year?
3. What fraction of a day are 6 hours?
4. What fraction of the letters are vowels in the letters of the English
alphabet?\

B. Types of Fractions
Proper fractions
A fraction where, numerator is smaller than the denominator is called
a proper fraction.
The value of a proper fraction is always greater than 0 but less than 1.
2 3 19
The fractions , and are some examples of proper fractions.
3 4 20

Improper fractions
A fraction in which, numerator is greater or than equal to the
denominator is called an improper fraction. The value of an improper
fraction is always greater or than or equal to 1.
5 9 29
The fractions , and are some examples of improper fractions.
4 5 20

5
 CHAPTER7
FRACTIONS
Mixed fractions

A mixed fraction is the sum of a whole number and a proper fraction.

1
All improper fractions can be written in the form of mixed fractions. 7
4

It is an example of a mixed fraction with a whole number 7 and fraction

1
. Improper fractions can be converted into mixed fractions in the
4

following way.
• Divide the numerator by the denominator. The quotient is the
whole number part.
• The remainder is the numerator of the mixed fraction. The
denominator remains the same.
Mixed fractions can be converted into improper fractions in the
following way.
• Multiply its whole number part by the denominator of its fractional
part.
• Add the numerator of the fractional part to the product obtained.
This is the numerator of the improper fraction. The denominator
remains the same as in the mixed fraction.

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CHAPTER 7
FRACTIONS

Try and learn

Example 1: Identify each of the following as proper, improper or mixed

fraction.
8 5 11 5 45
(i) (ii) (iii) 1 (iv) 3 (iii)
5 7 15 8 12
28
(vi)
29

Solution
8 5
(i) :Improper fraction (ii) :Proper fraction
5 7
11 5
(iii)1 :Mixed fraction (iv) 3 :Mixed fraction
15 8
45 28
(v) :Improper fraction (vi) :Proper fraction
12 29

Example 2: Convert into mixed fractions.

11 21 31 47
(i) (ii) (iii) (iv)
7 5 3 10

Solution
11 4 21 1
(i) =1 (ii) =4
7 7 5 5

31 1 47 7
(iii) =10 (iv) =4
3 3 10 10

Example 3: Convert into improper fractions.

4 1 7 7
(i) 3 (ii) 12 (iii) 4 (iv) 3
5 4 11 13

Solution
4 (5×3)+4 19 1 (4×12)+1 49
(i) 3 = = (ii) 12 = =
5 5 5 4 4 4

7 (11×4)+7 51 7 (13×3)+7 46
(iii) 4 = = (iv) 3 = =
11 11 11 13 13 13

7
 CHAPTER7
FRACTIONS

Checkpoint-2

State whether the following are True or False.

1. The numerator indicates the number of equal parts into which something is
divided.
2. In an improper fraction, the numerator is greater than the denominator.
3. A proper fraction is the sum of a whole number and an improper fraction.
4. The denominator changes when an improper fraction is changed to a mixed
fraction.

C. Equivalent Fractions

Fractions which are equal, when reduced to their lowest terms are
called equivalent fractions.

3 6 9 12 3
Let us look at the fractions , , and . Except for the first fraction ,
5 10 15 20 5

notice that the rest of the fractions have a common factor between
the numerator and the denominator. Reduce the fractions to their
lowest terms by dividing both the numerator and the denominator
by their HCF.

3÷1 3 6÷2 3 9÷3 3 12÷4 3

= ; = ; = ; =
5÷1 5 10÷2 5 15÷3 5 20÷4 5

When these fractions are reduced to their lowest terms, they are all
3
equal to .
5

To test whether two fractions are equivalent.

To test if two fractions are equivalent, find the cross product of the
numerator of one fraction with the denominator of the other fraction.
If the cross products are equal, the fractions are equivalent. That is, if

8
CHAPTER 7
FRACTIONS
a c
and are two fractions, such that a × d = b × c, then the two fractions
b d

are equivalent.

Try and learn

2
Example 4: Write four equivalent fractions of by multiplication.
3
2 2×2 2×3 2×4 2×5 2 4 6 8 10
Solution = = = = ⇒ = = = =
3 3×2 3×3 3×4 3×5 3 6 9 12 15
160
Example 5: Write four equivalent fractions of by division.
224
160 160÷2 160÷4 160÷8 160÷16 160 80 40 20 10
Solution = = = = ⇒ = = = =
224 224÷2 224÷4 224÷8 224÷16 224 112 56 28 14
5
Example 6: Write a fraction equivalent to with numerator 40.
8
𝟓
Solution 40 is 8 times 5. The fraction equivalent to with numerator
𝟖
5 5×8 40
40 is: = =
8 8×8 64

Example 7: Find if the given fractions are equivalent:

2 3 3 5
(i) and (ii) and
10 15 5 12

Solution
2 3
(i) Cross products are equal as, 2 × 15 = 30, and 3 × 10 = 30
10 15
So the fractions are equivalent.

(ii) 3 5 Cross products are not equal as, 3 × 12 = 36 and 5 × 5 = 25

5 15
So the fractions are not equivalent.

9
 CHAPTER7
FRACTIONS

Checkpoint-3

2
1. Write the fraction in its simplest form.
100
5 35
2. Write the missing denominator in: =
7 □
25
3. Write the fraction in its simplest form.
150
100 □
4. Write the missing numerator in: =
600 30

Checkpoint-4

1. Draw diagrams to represent the following fractions:

2 3 5 7
(i) (ii) (iii) (iv)
3 5 7 10

2. Write PF for proper fraction, IF for improper fraction and MF for

mixed fraction.
4 3 3 5 42
(i) (ii) (iii) (iv) 4 (v)
5 7 2 11 5

3. Convert the following improper fractions into mixed fractions.

28 21 31 43 52
(i) (ii) (iii) (iv) (v)
3 5 6 8 7

4. Convert the following mixed fractions into improper fractions.

2 2 3 3 1
(i) 5 (ii) 6 (iii) 7 (iv) 8 (v)9
5 7 8 7 5

5. Which group of fractions are equivalent fractions?

6 1 3 4 6 1 3 4 3 3 3 3 3 9 6 12
(i) , , , (ii) , , , (iii) , , , (iv) , , ,
5 5 5 5 5 15 25 5 5 15 25 10 5 15 10 20

6. Write two equivalent fractions for each.

3 5 10 15
(i) (ii) (iii) (iv)
7 9 11 20

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CHAPTER 7
FRACTIONS
7. Write two equivalent fractions for each using division.
100 124 200 150
(i) (ii) (iii) (iv)
125 144 300 210

11
8. Write an equivalent fraction of in which the:
25

(i) Numerator is 110 (ii) Numerator is 176

(iii) Denominator is 125 (iv) Denominator is 275

D. Like and Unlike Fractions

1 2 8
Fractions with the same denominator are like fractions. , and are
9 9 9

like fractions.
2 4 1
Fractions with different denominators are unlike fractions. , And
3 5 9

are unlike fractions.

Comparing like fractions

If two fractions have the same denominator, the fraction with the
greater numerator is greater. To compare like fractions, compare only
their numerators as their denominators are the same.
11 7 5
The given figure shows fractions , and with the same
16 16 16

denominator 16.
11 7 5
From the shaded part of the figure, we can see that. > >
16 16 16

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 CHAPTER7
FRACTIONS

7 5
16 16
Fig 3: Like fractions

Try and learn

3 1 2
Example 8 Arrange , in ascending order.
5 5 5

solution: The denominators of the given fractions, are the same.

Therefore, compare the numerators. 1 < 2 < 3.

1 2 3
The ascending order of the given fraction is: < <
5 5 5

Comparing unlike fractions

To compare, unlike fractions, first, change them to like fractions so

that the fractions have a common denominator. To convert unlike
fractions to like fractions:

• Find the LCM of the denominators of the given fractions.

• Convert each fraction into its equivalent fraction with the LCM as
the common denominator.
• Compare their numerators.
2 3
Consider the fractions and . 12 is the LCM of 3 and 4.
3 4
2 8
The equivalent fraction of with denominator 12 is .
3 12

12
CHAPTER 7
FRACTIONS
3 9
The equivalent fraction of with denominator 12 is .
4 12
8 9
and are like fractions.
12 12

9 8 3 2
9>8⇒ > . This means >
12 12 4 3

2 8
→
3 12

3 9
→
4 12
Fig. 4: Comparing unlike fractions

2 3 1
Example 9:Arrange , , and in descending order.
5 4 3

Solution: The LCM for the denominators 5, 4 and 3 is 60.

Convert each fraction into a like fraction with denominator 60.

2 24 3 45 1 20
= ; = ; =
5 60 4 60 3 60

Compare the numerators. 45 > 24 > 20. The descending order of the
3 2 1
given fractions is: > >
4 5 3

D. Addition and Subtraction of Fractions

Adding and subtracting like fractions

In order to add or subtract like fractions, add or subtract the

numerators. The denominator remains the same.

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 CHAPTER7
FRACTIONS

Try and learn

1 3 1 3
Example 10 (i) Add: and (ii) Subtract: from
5 5 5 5

13 5 12
(iii) Simplify: + -
17 17 17

1 3 1+3 4 3 1 3-1 2
Solution: (i) + = = (ii) - = =
5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5

13 5 12 18 12 6
(iii) + - = - =
17 17 17 17 17 17

Adding and subtracting unlike fractions

In order to add or subtract unlike fractions, that is, fractions having
different denominators, first change them to like fractions so that
they have a common denominator.

This common denominator can be the LCM of the two denominators.

2 1
Let us add and . The LCM of 3 and 4 is 12.
3 4

2 2×4 8 1 1×3 3 8 3 11
Therefore, = = and = = . Add and to get
3 3×4 12 4 4×3 12 12 12 12

4 1 2 4 1
Example 11: (i) Add: + + (ii) Subtract: −
5 3 5 5 3

2 3 5
(iii) Simplify: + −
7 4 6

4 1 2
Solution: (i) + + : The LCM of 5 and 3 is 15
5 3 5

4 1 2 4 2 1 6 1 6×3 1×5 18 5 23 8
+ + = + + = + = + = + = =1
5 3 5 5 5 3 5 3 15 15 15 15 15 15

4 1
(ii) - : The LCM of 5 and 3 is 15.
5 3

4 1 (4×3)-(1×5) 12-5 7
- = = =
5 3 15 15 15

2 3 5
(iii) + - : The LCM of 7, 4 and 6 is 84.
7 4 6

14
CHAPTER 7
FRACTIONS
2 3 5 (2×12)+(3×21)-(5×14) 24+63-70 17
+ - = = =
7 4 6 84 84 84

Checkpoint-5

1. Arrange the following fractions in ascending order.

2 1 5 3 11 17 13 15
(i) , , , (ii) , , ,
7 7 7 7 23 23 23 23

21 15 11 24 310 331 313 302

(iii) , , , (iv) , , ,
25 25 25 25 114 114 114 114

2. Arrange the following in descending order:

3 4 1 2 2 3 4 1
(i) , , , (ii) , , ,
4 7 2 3 5 4 5 3
3 1 5 2 13 1 5 7
(iii) , , , (iv) , , ,
7 2 6 3 24 3 6 12

3. In each of the following groups, identify the fraction which is not an

equivalent fraction.
2 6 8 10 3 12 15 9
(i) , , , (ii) , , ,
4 12 24 20 9 30 45 27

2 1 16 10 8 88 16 11
(iii) , , , (iv) , , ,
8 4 64 45 11 121 22 22

4. Add the fractions.

3 7 12 11
(i) + (ii) +
8 12 13 26

4 5 3 2 3 7
(iii) + + (iv) + +
11 13 11 7 7 10

5. Subtract:
3 4 5 3
(i) - (ii) -
8 7 12 6

15 7 3 4 1 1
(iii) - - (iv) - -
16 12 8 5 6 2

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 CHAPTER7
FRACTIONS
Adding and subtracting improper fractions and mixed fractions

Mixed fractions can be written in two different ways.

• They can be rewritten as a sum of the whole part and the proper
fraction. The whole parts can be added separately and the
fractional parts separately. Finally, the two sums can be added.
• They can be rewritten as an improper fraction. The improper
fractions can be added by finding the LCM.

Thumb rule

• Always convert a fraction to its lowest terms by cancelling out the

common factors in the numerator and the denominator.

Try and learn

2 4 3 1
Example 12: (i)Add: 3 and 2 (ii)Subtract: 5 -2
7 5 5 5
3 1 1 1 3
(iii) Subtract: 7 -2 (iv) Simplify: 2 +1 -3
4 2 3 5 4

Solution:
2 4 2 4 38 3 3
(i) 3 +2 =(3+2)+ + =5+ =5+1 =6
7 5 7 5 35 35 35

3 1 3 1 2 2
(ii)5 -2 =5-2+ - =3+ =3
5 5 5 5 5 5

(iii)Convert both into improper fractions and then simplify.

3 1 31 5 31-10 21 1
7 -2 = - = = =5
4 2 4 2 4 4 4
(iv) Convert all into improper fractions and then simplify.
1 1 3 7 6 15 140+72-225 -13
2 +1 -3 = + - = =
3 5 4 3 5 4 60 60

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CHAPTER 7
FRACTIONS
1
Example 13: Sheela bought 2 kg of potatoes from the market. She
2
2
used 1 kg for cooking. How much quantity of potatoes is left?
3

1 5
Solution: Quantity of potatoes bought =2 kg= kg; Quantity of
2 2

2 5
potatoes used = 1 kg= kg
3 3

5 5
Quantity of potatoes left = ( - ) kg
2 3

The LCM of 2 and 3 is 6.

5 5 5×3 5×2 15 10 5
- = - = - =
2 3 2×3 3×2 6 6 6

Checkpoint-6

1. Simplify the following:

2 3 1 3
(i) 2 + 3 (ii) 4 -2
3 5 8 4
3 2 1 1
(iii) 6 -3 (iv) 2 -1
7 5 2 4
1 5
2. Alka bought a fabric 43 m long. She purchased22 m more. How
8 8

much fabric does she have altogether?

2
3. The total length of a cardboard sheet that Anoop bought is 5 m. He
3
2
had to cut off2 m from it for his project. How much did he have left?
3
1 4
4. Hema takes an hour to reach the bus stop. If she takes an hour in
6 5

all to reach office, what is the time taken by the bus?

17
 CHAPTER7
FRACTIONS

3 2 14
5. If Vinay jogs for km on Monday, km on Tuesday, and km on
5 3 15

Wednesday, how many kilometres did he jog in all on those three

days.

3 1
6. Rhea had a board7 m long. She cut 1 m from the board. How
4 2

much is left?
3 7
7. Manu weighs78 kg. Tanu weighs 68 kg. Who weighs more, and
4 16

by how much?
1 3
8. Kruthi had 9 kg of sweets. Of this, she gave away8 kg to her
8 4

friends. How many kilograms of sweets is left with her now?

Summary
• A fraction is a part of a whole. When a whole is cut into equal parts,
a fraction describes how many parts of the whole are being
considered.
• A fraction whose numerator is smaller than the denominator is
called a proper fraction.

18
CHAPTER 7
FRACTIONS
• A fraction whose numerator is greater than the denominator is
called an improper fraction.
• A mixed fraction is the sum of a whole number and a proper
fraction. All improper fractions can be written in the form of mixed
fractions.
• Fractions which are equal when reduced to their lowest terms are
called equivalent fractions.
• Fractions with the same denominator are like fractions. Fractions
with different denominators are unlike fractions.
• In order to add or subtract unlike fractions, that is, fractions having
different denominators, first change them to like fractions so that
they have a common denominator.
• Always convert a fraction to its lowest terms by cancelling out the
common factors in the numerator and the denominator.

Solved examples

Example 1: Convert the following improper fractions into mixed

fractions:
11 13 16 257
(a) (b) (c) (d)
9 12 5 15

Solution:

(a) On dividing 11 by 9, we get

Quotient = 1, Remainder = 2 and Divisor = 9

11 Remainder 2
So, = Quotient =1
9 Divisor 9

Alternatively,
1 9+2 9 2 2 2
= = + =1+ =1
9 9 9 9 9 9

19
 CHAPTER7
FRACTIONS
(b) On dividing 13 by 12, we get
Quotient = 1, Remainder = 1 and Divisor = 12
13 Remainder 1
So, = Quotient =1
12 Divisor 12

(c) On dividing 16 by 5, we get

Quotient = 3, Remainder = 1 and Divisor = 5
16 Remainder 1
So, = Quotient =3
5 Divisor 5

(d) On dividing 257 by 15, we get

Quotient = 17, Remainder = 2 and Divisor = 15
257 Remainder 2
So, = Quotient = 17
15 Divisor 15

Example 2: Convert the following mixed fractions into improper

fractions:
1 1 4 3
(a) 6 (b) 10 (c) 15 (d) 72
2 7 5 4

Solution:

1 1 6×2 1 12 1 13 1 (10 × 7) + 1 71
(a) 6 = 6 + = + = + = (b) 10 = =
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 7 7 7

4 (15 × 5) + 4 79 3 (72 x 4) + 3 291

(c) 15 = = (d) 72 = =
5 5 5 4 4 4

Example 3: Mark the following fractions on the number line:

3 5 2
(a) (b) (c)
6 7 3

Solution:

20
CHAPTER 7
FRACTIONS

Example 4: Find the equivalent fractions of the following fractions:

3 12
(a) with numerator 18 (b) with denominator 6
9 18
8 24
(c) with denominator 68 (d) with numerator 12
17 58

Solution:
3
(a) The numerator is is 3. To get 18 in the numerator, we have to
9

multiply it by 6.

3 3 ×6 18
So, = =
9 9×6 54

12
(b)The denominator in is 18. We divide it by 3 to get 6.
18
12 12 ÷3 4
So, = =
18 18 ÷3 6
8
(c) The denominator in is 17. We multiply it by 4 to get 68.
17
8 8×4 32
So, = =
17 17 × 4 68
24
(d) The numerator is is 24. We divide it by 2 to get 12.
58
24 24 ÷2 12
So, = =
58 58 ÷2 29

Example 5: Find whether the following fractions are equivalent:

7 21 5 25 4 20
(a) , (b) , (c) ,
9 27 13 52 11 55

21
 CHAPTER7
FRACTIONS
Solution:

(a) The cross products of the given fractions are: 144

7 × 27 = 189 and 9 × 21 = 189
7 × 27 = 9 × 21
So, the fractions are equivalent.
(b)The cross products of the given fractions are:5 × 52 = 260 and 13
× 25 = 325
5 × 52 ≠ 13 × 25
So, the fractions are not equivalent.
(c) The cross products of the given fractions are:
4 × 55 = 220 and 11 × 20 = 220
4 × 55 = 11 × 20
So, the fractions are equivalent.

Example 6: Write the simplest form of the following fractions:

112 48 12
(a) (b) (c)
224 72 15

Solution:
(a) First we find the HCF of 112 and 224.
112 112 ÷112 1
So, = =
224 224 ÷112 2

HCF of 12 and 15 = 3
(b) We have to find the HCF of 48 and 72.

HCF of 48 and 72 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 3 = 24

48 48 ÷24 2
So, = =
72 72 ÷24 3

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CHAPTER 7
FRACTIONS
2 48, 72
2 24, 36
2 12, 18
3 6, 9
2, 3
(c) First we find the HCF of 12 and 15.

HCF of 12 and 15 = 3

12 12 ÷3 4
So, = =
15 15 ÷3 5

3 12, 15
4, 5

Example 7: Arrange the following fractions in ascending order:

15 10 11 27 4 9 2 1
(a) , , , (b) , , ,
17 34 17 51 7 14 5 4

Solution:

10 5 27 9
(a) = and =
34 17 51 17

15 5 11 9
So, the given fractions are , , , .
17 17 17 17

We can arrange these fractions in ascending order as follows:

5 9 11 15 10 27 11 15
< < < or < < <
17 17 17 17 34 51 17 17

(b) The given fractions are unlike fractions with different

numerators.
The denominators are 7, 14, 5 and 4.
LCM of the denominators = 7 × 2 × 2 × 5 = 140
We have to make the denominator of each fraction equal to 140.

23
 CHAPTER7
FRACTIONS
4 4 × 20 80 9 9 × 10 90
= = , = =
7 7 × 20 140 14 14 × 10 140

2 2 × 28 56 1 1 × 35 35
= = , = =
5 5 × 28 140 4 4 × 35 140

Thus, the fractions in ascending order will be as follows:

35 56 80 90
< < <
140 140 140 140

or

1 2 4 9
< < <
4 5 7 14

Example 8: Find:

13 7 5 11 1 7 1 4 6 1
(a) + (b) 3 +5 +1 (c) + - (d) 3 – 4 + 5
16 40 12 24 6 9 6 5 7 3

Solution:

(a) Let us first find the LCM of 16 and 40. LCM of 16 and 40 = 2 × 2 × 2
× 2 × 5 = 80

2 16, 40

2 8, 20

2 4, 10

2, 5

13 13 × 5 65
Now, = =
16 16 × 5 80

7 7x2 14
and = =
40 40 x 2 80

13 7 65 14
+ = +
16 40 80 80
65 + 14 79
= =
80 80

24
CHAPTER 7
FRACTIONS
5 11 1 5 11 1
(b) 3 +5 +1 = (3 + 5 + 1) + + +
12 24 6 12 24 6

LCM of 12, 24 and 6 = 24

5 10 1 4
= and =
12 24 6 24
10 11 4 10+11+4 25 1 1
9+ + + = 9+ =9+ =9+1 = 10
24 24 24 24 24 24 24

(c) LCM of 9, 6 and 5 = 90

7 7 × 10 70 1 1 × 15 15 4 4 x 18 72
So, = = , = = and = =
9 9 × 10 90 6 6 × 15 90 5 5 x 18 90

7 1 4 70 15 72
+ - = + -
9 6 5 90 90 90

70+15-72 13
= =
90 90

6 1 6 1
(d) 3 -4+5 = 3+ -4+5+
7 3 7 3

6 1
= (3 – 4 +5) + +
7 3

18 + 7 25
=4+ =4+
21 21

4 4
=4+1 =5
21 21

2 1
Example 9: A cook used 3 kg of vegetables for a dish. He used 1 kg
5 2
3
of potatoes, 1 kg of onions and some beans. How many beans did
4

he use?
2
Solution: Total weight of the vegetables = 3
5
1 3
Weight of potatoes = 1 and weight of onions = 1
2 4
1 3 1 3
Weight of potatoes and onion = 1 +1 = (1+1)+ +
2 4 2 4
2 3 5 1 1
=2+ + = 2+ = 2+1+ =3
4 4 4 4 4

25
 CHAPTER7
FRACTIONS
So, weight of beans = Total weight – weight of potatoes and onion
2 5 2 1
= 3 -2 ⇒3−3+ −
5 4 5 4

2 1 8 5 3
⇒ − ⇒ - ⇒ kg
5 4 20 20 20
68 65 3
= - = kg
20 20 20

Example 10: Which line segment is longer, and by how much?

7 2
7 m or 7 m
8 5

Solution: The whole parts of both the fractions are equal. So, we
7 2
compare the fractional part. That is and .
8 5

LCM of 8 and 5 = 40
7 35 2 16
= and =
8 40 5 40
35 16 7 2
As 35 > 16, > and so >
40 40 8 5
7
Thus, 7 is longer.
8

Now we find the difference between the lengths of the two line
segments
7 2 7 2
7 -7 = (7-7)+ -
8 5 8 5
35 16
=0+ -
40 40
35 - 16 19
= =
40 40
7 19 2
So, the 7 m-long line segment is m longer than the 7 m-long line
8 40 5

segment.

26
CHAPTER 7
FRACTIONS

CATCH YOUR MISTAKES

• If two fractions have the same denominator, the fraction with the
greater numerator is greater.
• If two fractions have the same numerator, the fraction with the
smaller denominator is greater.

Practice yourself

1. Choose the correct option:

(i) In a unit fraction,____ is 1.
(a) numerator (b) denominator
(c) both (a) and (b) (d) none of these
7 ?
2. 4 =
11 11

(a) 7 (b) 44 (c) 51 (d) 28

3. Refer to Fig. 1 . What fraction of children is boys?
4 3 3 4
(a) (b) (c) (d)
3 7 4 7

4. What is the sum of the shaded parts in Fig. 2 (a) and (b)?
11 11 11 7
(a) (b) (c) (d)
7 18 9 18

Fig. 1

27
 CHAPTER7
FRACTIONS

Fig. 2

5. Refer to Fig. 3. How many parts should be shaded in Fig? (b) to

make it represent the same fraction as the unshaded part of Fig.
(a)?
(a) 3 (b) 6 (c) 12 (d) 1

Fig. 3
1
6. How many one-thirds need to be added to 3 to make 5?
3

(a) 2 (b) 1 (c) 3 (d) 5

3 3
7. ______ – =
7 7
3 6
(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) (d)
7 7

8. The picture in Fig. 4 is shaded to represent a fractional number.

How many of the flowers in the group shown in Fig. 4 (b) should be
shaded to represent a fraction of the same value?
(a) 4 (b) 6 (c) 8 (d) 10

28
CHAPTER 7
FRACTIONS

Fig. 4

(x) The shaded part in Fig. 5 represents

1 1 1 1
(a) (b) (c) (d)
12 8 6 4

Fig. 5

9. Simplify:
2 4 1 1 1
(a) + - (b) 1 + 3
3 5 2 3 2
4 1 2 1
(c) 7 – 3 (d) 6 – 2
5 5 3 5
2 1 1 2
(e) 8 – 2 (f) 3 – 1
5 2 4 3

10. Write the following improper fractions as mixed fractions:

115 90 283
(a) (b) (c)
25 16 17

11. Convert the following fractions in simplest form:

55 143 252
(a) (b) (c)
75 165 294
3
12. Ranjeet plays cricket for 1 hours and then swims for half an hour.
4

How much time does he spend on playing cricket and swimming?

1 2
13. Mona painted of a wall white, grey and the rest blue. What
5 12

portion of the wall was painted blue?

29
 CHAPTER7
FRACTIONS
1
14. Rajesh had 50 kg of rice in his shop. He sold 27 - kg of it. How much
4

rice was he left with?

3
15. A man bought 20 litres of petrol. He used 12 litres of petrol in his
4
2
car and 3 litres in his motorbike. How much petrol was left with
5

him?
1 1
16. Ratan bought 2 m of iron wire and 3 m of copper wire.
4 3

(a) How much wire did he buy altogether?

(b) How much more copper wire than iron wire did he buy?
1 1
17. Manvi ate of a cake, and another was eaten by her friend. How
3 4

much of the cake was left?

5 1
18. Five pizzas were ordered. Akash ate 1 pizzas, and his parents ate 2 .
8 4

How much pizza was left?

Subjective Questions:
1. Add:
3 7 1 9
(a) and (b) and
7 8 4 1
1 18 5 4
(c) 7 and (d) and
3 6 7 5
7 0 59 64
(e) and (f) and
1 5 8 4
14 7 5 2
(g) and (h) and
4 4 21 14

2. Subtract:
1 8 5 15 12 17 5 7
(a) from (b) from (c) from (d) from
3 3 6 12 28 21 12 9

30
CHAPTER 7
FRACTIONS
3. Simplify:
6 2 17 5 1 1 8 6 2 11
(a) 3 – 1 + 1 (b) – + (c) + – –
7 3 21 8 4 6 13 13 13 13
5 17 2 5 1
(d) 4 – –2 (e) 4 + 1 – 2
7 21 3 6 8
3 2
4. Mini made a fruit salad with l kg of oranges and 3 kg of apples.
4 5

How much fruit did she use to make salad?

3 2
5. Abhinav poured 3 litres of water into a bucket. Later he took litres
4 5

out of the bucket. How much water is left in the bucket?

2 3
6. Sheetal travelled 2 hours by bus and hours by auto to reach
5 4

home. How much time did she take to reach home?

1 1 1
7. Sangeeta bought 2 kg potatoes, 1 kg tomatoes and 2 kg peas.
2 2 4

What was the total weight that she carried home?

1 1
8. A juice-shop owner buys 42 kg of oranges. Out of these, 20 kg of
2 4
1
oranges is consumed in the morning and 19 kg in the evening.
3

Find the quantity of the oranges left at the end of the day.

31
 CHAPTER7
FRACTIONS
MENTAL MATHS

Complete the following table by filling in the correct fractions:

a b c a+b b+c a+b+c b-c

𝟏𝟐 9 4
𝟏𝟎 10 10
𝟗 1 13
𝟓 5 5
25 1 49
18 18
𝟏 2
1 3
2
𝟐 2

Googly

1. How many equivalent fractions can a fraction have?

2. You have learnt about proper, improper and mixed fractions. What
kind of fraction is 0?
3. You know how to convert an improper fraction into a mixed
fraction. Now can you convert a proper fraction into a mixed
fraction? Conversely, can you convert a mixed fraction into a
proper fraction?

32
CHAPTER 7
FRACTIONS
Real-life Connect
Rita went shopping, and she spent the whole amount that she had
taken with her. This is what she spent on:
• A T-shirt: ₹600 • A pair of shoes: ₹730
• Sunglasses: ₹450
• Bangles: ₹200 • Juice: ₹70
On the basis of the above information, answer the following questions:
(a)What fraction of the total amount did she spend on sunglasses and
bangles?
(b)What fraction of the total amount did she spend on shoes, juice and
a T-shirt?
(c)If she had not bought bangles, then what fraction of the total
amount would she have spent? Also, find what fraction of the total
amount she would have taken home.

33
 CHAPTER7
FRACTIONS

Solutions

Check Point 1:

1. ½
2. ¼
3. ¼
4. 5/26

Check Point 2:

F,T,F,F

Check Point 3:

1. 1/50
2. 49
3. 1/6
4. 5

Check Point 4:

1. (Do it yourself)
2. (i)PF (ii)PF (iii)IF (vi)MF (v)IF
1 1 1 3 3
3. (i)9 (ii)4 (iii)5 (vi)5 (v)7
3 5 6 8 7

4. (i)27/5 (ii)44/7 (iii)59/3 (vi)59/7 (v)46/5

5. IV
6. (i)6/14, 9/21 (ii)10/18, 15/27 (iii)20/22, 30/33 (vi)30/40,
45/60
7. (i)20/25, 4/5 (ii)62/72, 31/36 (iii)100/150, 20/30 (vi)50/70, 5/7
8. (i)110/250 (ii)176/400 (iii)55/125 (vi)131/275

34
CHAPTER 7
FRACTIONS
Check Point 5:
1 2 3 5 11 13 15 17
1. (i) < < < (ii) < < <
7 7 7 7 23 23 23 23
11 15 21 24 302 310 313 331
(iii) < < < (iv) < < <
25 25 25 25 114 114 114 114

2. (Do it yourself)
3. (i)8/24 (ii)12/30 (iii)10/45 (iv)11/22
4. (i)23/24 (ii)35/26 (iii0146/143 (iv)99/70
5. (i)–11/56 (ii)-1/12 (iii)-1/48 (iv)2/15

Check Point 6:
1. (i)94/15 (ii)11/8 (iii)106/35 (iv)5/4
3
2. 65 m
4

3. 3m
4. 19/30 hour
5. 11/5 km
6. 25/4
7. 165/16 kg
8. 3/8 kg

Novice level

1. (i) a (ii) c (iii) b (iv) c (v) d (vi) d

(vii) d (viii) b (ix) c

29 5 3 7 9 19
2. (a) (b) 4 (c) 4 (d) 4 (e) 5 (f)
30 6 5 15 10 12

15 3 10 5 11
3. (a) 4 or 4 (b) 5 or 5 (c) 16
25 5 16 8 17

13 6
4. (a) 11/25 (b) (c)
15 7

35
 CHAPTER7
FRACTIONS
1 19 3
5. 2 hours 6. 7. 22 kg
4 30 4

17 7 1 5
8. 3 litres 9. 5 m, 1 m 10.
20 12 12 12

1
11. 1
8

Advanced level

Subjective Questions :

17 1 31 53
1. (a) 1 (b) 9 (c) (d)
56 4 3 35

187 3 1 16 8
(e) 7 (f) or 23 (g) 5 (h) or
8 8 4 42 21

7 5 8 13
2. (a) (b) (c) (d)
3 12 21 36

13 1 26 5
3. (a) 4 (b) (c) (d) or 1
24 13 21 21

34 17
(e) 3 or 3
48 24

3 7 3 25
4. 5 kg 5. 3 6. 3 hours 7. kg
20 20 20 4

11
8. 2 kg
12

36
CHAPTER 7
FRACTIONS
Mental Maths:

a b c a+b b+c a+b+c b-c

5
12 9 4 21 13 25 10
10 10 10 10 10 10 1
=
2
9 4 1 13 14 3
1
5 5 5 5 5 5
1 25 31 43 49 7
1
3 18 18 18 18 18
1 1 3 9
2 3 4 1
2 2 2 2

Googly:
1. Infinite 2. proper 3. no

Real-life Connect:

13 28 37 4
(a) (b) (c) ;
41 41 41 41

37