FRACTIONS & DECIMALS

2
CHAPTER

DEFINITION : FRACTION
CONTENTS
A fraction is a number which can be written in the
 Definition : Fraction a
form , where both a and b are natural numbers
b
 Pictures form and the number 'a' is called numerator and 'b' is
a
called the denominator of the fraction , b  0.
 Types of Fraction b
2 1 0 7
For example, , , , , are fractions.
 Simplest form of Fractions 5 3 5 15

  Addition & Subtraction of Fractions  PICTURES FORM

A fraction represents a part of a whole, where the

 Multiplication of Fractions denominator of the fraction represents the number
in which equal parts the whole is divided and the
 Division of Fractional Numbers numerator shows the number of equal parts taken.

 Simplifying Brackets in Fractions

  Decimals
 Definition : Decimals 3
8
 Comparing Decimals For example, the shaded part of the figure
3
represents the fraction .
 Addition & Subtraction of Decimals 8

  Conversion of a Decimal Number  TYPES OF FRACTION

into a Decimal Fraction  Proper Fraction : A proper fraction is a fraction in
which the numerator is smaller than the
 Multiplication of Decimal Numbers denominator.

 Division of Decimal Numbers For example,

2 3 12
, ,
9 7 29
,..., etc. are proper fractions.

 Conversion of Units  Improper Fraction : An improper fractions is a

fraction in which the numerator is greater than the
denominator.
 7 29 17 8 11 17
For example, , , , ...... , etc. are improper For example : , , etc. are decimal
5 17 13 10 100 1000
fractions. fractions.
 Like Fractions : The fractions with the same  Vulgar fractions : A fraction whose denominator
denominator are called like fractions. is a whole number, other than 10,100,1000 etc. is
called a vulgar fractions.
7 5 11
For example, , , , ..... , etc. are like
12 12 12 2 3 11
For example , , , etc. are vulgar fractions.
fractions. 7 8 17
 Unlike Fractions : The fractions with different
denominators are called unlike fractions.  SIMPLEST FORM OF FRACTIONS

2 4 11 7 If numerator and denominator of a fraction have no

For example, , , , , .... , etc. are unlike
3 5 13 8 common factor other than 1, then the fraction is
fractions. said to be in its simplest form i.e. HCF of both is 1.

 Unit Fractions : The fraction with numerator 1 are 3 4 3 12

For example, , , , , etc. are the fractions in
called unit fractions. 5 5 7 13
simplest form.
1 1 1 1
For example, , , , , ...., etc. are unit
2 4 3 7  ADDITION AND SUBTRACTION OF
fractions. FRACTIONS
 Mixed Numerals : Mixed numerals are combination
of a whole number and a proper fraction. There are two case of adding and subtracting
fractions :
1 1 1
For example, fractions 3 , 5 , 8 , etc. are 1. Fractions with Similar Denominators. (Like
2 3 4 fractions)
mixed numerals or mixed fractions.
2. Fractions with Different Denominators (Unlike
c ma fractions)
Equivalent Fractions : If  , then the
d mb
 Fractions with Similar Denominators :
a c
fractions and are called equivalent fractions  For example :
b d
because they represent the same portion of the whole. Ex.1 Solve the following :
4 2  2 15 5  3 2 3
For example,  ;  (i) 
6 3  2 48 16  3 5 5
For example, the shaded parts of each of the 4 3
following figures are same but they are represented (ii) 
7 7
by different fractional numbers.
2 3 23 5
Sol. (i)  = = =1
5 5 5 5
4 3 43 1
1 2 4 (ii)  = =
7 7 7 7
2 4 8
 Fractions with Different Denominators :
They are called equivalent fractions.
Use of L.C.M. of denominators.
1 2 4
So we write = = , etc. For example :
2 4 8
Ex.2 Solve the following :
Decimal fractions : A fraction whose denominator
is any of the number 10,100,1000 etc. is called a 2 4 3 1
decimal fraction. (i)  (ii) 
5 3 9 8
 2 4 8 7
Sol. (i)  [L.C.M. of 5 and 3 = 15] =  [L.C.M. of 3 and 2 = 6]
5 3 3 2
23 45 6  20 26 11 16  21 37 1
= = = =1 = = =6 .
15 15 15 15 6 6 6
3 1 7 2 3
(ii)  [L.C.M. of 8 and 9 = 72] (vi)   [L.C.M. of 2, 5 and 10 = 10]
9 8 10 5 2
3  8  9 1 24  9 15 5 7 1  2  2  3  5 7  4  15
= = = = = =
72 72 72 24 10 10

EXAMPLES  11 15 26 13 3
= = = = 2
10 10 5 5
Ex.3 Solve the following :
Ex.4 Arrange the following in descending order :
3 7 9 4
(i) 2  (ii) 4  (iii)  1 3 7
5 8 11 15 , ,
5 7 10
1 5 2 1 7 2 3
(iv) 8  3 (v) 2  3 (vi)   1 3 7
2 8 3 2 10 5 2 Sol. , , [L. C. M of 5, 7 and 10 = 70]
5 7 10
3 2 3
Sol. (i) 2  =  [L.C.M. of 1 and 5 = 5] 1 14 3  10 7  7
5 1 5 = , ,
5  14 7 10 10  7
2  5  3 1 10  3 7 2
= = = =1 14 30 49
5 5 5 5 = , ,
70 70 70
7 4 7
(ii) 4  =  49 30 14
8 1 8 Descending order is  
70 70 70
4  8  7 1 32  7
= = 7 3 1
8 8 i.e.,  
10 7 5
39 7
= = 4 7 3 1
8 8  , , are in descending order.
10 7 5
9 4
(iii)  [L.C.M. of 11 and 15 = 165] 1
11 15 Ex.5 A rectangular sheet of paper is 12 cm long
2
15  9  11 4 135  44 91 2
= = = and 10 cm wide. Find its perimeter.
165 165 165 3
1 5 1 25
(iv) 8  3 Sol. Length of paper = 12 cm = cm
2 8 2 2
17 29 2 32
= – [L.C.M. of 2 and 8 = 8] Breadth of paper = 10 = cm
2 8 3 3
17  4  29  1 Perimeter of rectangular paper sheet
=
8 = 2(length + breadth)
68  29 39 7  25 32   25  3  32  2 
= = =4 = 2   = 2 
8 8 8
 2 3   6 
2 1
(v) 2 3  75  64  2 139 139 1
3 2 = 2  = = = 46 cm.
 6  6 3 3
 3 2 23 6 2 2 4 8
Ex.6 Ritu ate part of an apple and the remaining     
5 7 7  3 21 7 7  4 28
apple was eaten by her brother Somu. How
much part of the apple did Somu eat ? Who had 2 4 6
So, three equivalent fractions of are ,
the larger share ? By how much ? 7 14 21
8
3 and .
Sol. Ritu ate = part of apple 28
5
Ex.9 Identify proper, improper and mixed fractions
 3 from the following numbers :
Somu ate = 1   part of apple
 5
1 7 4 11 1 37 4
2
2 , , , , 3 , , 1
So, Somu ate = part of apple 3 3 7 100 4 13 9
5
4 11
Sol. Proper fractions are = ,
 3 2 7 100
Ritu ate more apple than Somu.   
 5 5
7 37
Improper fractions are = ,
3 2 3 13
Ritu ate    more share.
5 5
1 1 4
Mixed fractions are = 2 , 3 , 1
 32 1 3 4 9
i..e., Ritu ate    more apple than
 5 5
Somu.  MULTIPLICATION OF FRACTIONS

7 Rule : Product of fractions

Ex.7 Michael finished colouring a picture in hr.
12 Product of their Numerators
Vaibhav finished colouring the same picture in =
3 Product of their Denomin ators
hr. Who worked longer ? By that fraction
4 (i) Whole number by a fraction
was it longer ?
(ii) Fraction by a fraction
7
Sol. Michael finished colouring picture in = hr. (iii) Whole number by a mixed fraction
12
(iv) Multiplication of two mixed fractions
3
Vaibhav finished colouring picture in = hr.
4  Whole number by a fraction : To multiply a
whole number by a fraction, we simply multiply the
i.e., Vaibhav finished colouring picture in numerator of the fraction by the whole number,
3 3 9 keeping the denominator same.
= = hr.
43 12
EXAMPLES 
9 7
Vaibhav worked longer, because  Ex.10 Find the product
12 12
2 1 7
9 7 (i) 3 × (ii) 3 × (iii) ×6
Vaibhav worked longer by =    hr. 7 8 9
 12 12 
2 3 2 3 2 6
97 2 1 Sol. (i) 3 × =  = =
= = = hr. 7 1 7 1 7 7
12 12 6
1 3 1 3 1 3
2 (ii) 3 × =  = =
Ex.8 Write three equivalent fractions of . 8 1 8 1 8 8
7
7 7 6 14 2
2 2 2 4 (iii) ×6=  = = 4
Sol.   9 9 1 3 3
7 7  2 14
 1 Step 2.
Ex.11 Show 3 × by picture.
5 Multiply the numerator by the whole number
Sol. keeping the denominator same.
Step 3.
+ + = After multiplication, the fraction should be
converted in its lowest form.
1 1 1
3
1 3  Shaded 
  
Step 4.
5 5 5 5 5  part 
Convert the improper fraction (product so
Note : Multiplication is commutative i.e. ab = ba obtained) into a mixed numeral.
 Fraction by a fraction : EXAMPLES 
Ex.12 Find the product :
1
5 3 6 7 4 3 2 Ex.14 Find 6 × 3
(i)  (ii)  (iii) 2  2  1 2
8 7 14 9 7 4 5
1 3 2 1 7
Sol. Step 1. 3 = =
5 3 53 15 2 2 2
Sol. (i)  = =
8 7 8 7 56
1 7 67 42
Step 2. 6 ×3 =6× = =
6 7 6 7 2 1 11 1 2 2 2 2
(ii)  =  = = =
14 9 14 9 23 1 3 3
42 1
Step 3. = 21; Hence, 6 ×3 = 21
4 3 2 18 11 7 2 2
(iii) 2  2  1 =  
7 4 5 7 4 5
1
Ex.15 Find 5 × 4 .
18  11  7 9  11 99 9 3
= = = =9
7 45 25 10 10
1 13 5  13 65
Sol. 5×4 =5× = =
 Whole Number by a Mixed Fraction : 3 3 3 3
1  1 4  3  1
Ex.13 Find 8 × 5
6  4 3  3 

31 1 65 2
=8× (Converting the mixed fraction into Hence, 5 × 4 = = 21
6 3 3 3
an improper fraction).
1
248 Ex.16 Find 7 of 36.
= (Multiplying the numerator by the 8
6
whole number) 1 1
Sol. 7 of 36 = 7 × 36
8 8
124
= (Simplifying into lowest term). 57
3 = × 36
8
1
= 41 (Converting the improper fraction into a (Converting the mixed fraction into an
3
improper fraction)
mixed numeral).
To multiply a whole number by a mixed 57  36
=
fraction, we follow the following steps : 8
Step 1. (Multiplying numerator by the whole number)
Convert the mixed fraction into an improper 57  9
=
fraction. 2
 (Writing the fraction into lowest term) 4 10 17
Thus, 3  =1
513 5 21 21
=
2 15 5 15 33 15 3 45 3
(ii) 4 =  =  = =3
(Multiplying 57 by 9) 22 7 22 7 2 7 14 14

1 2 4 77 25 11  5 55 1
= 256 (iii) 5 3 =  = = = 18
2 15 7 15 7 31 3 3
(Converting the improper fraction into a mixed 1 1
Ex.20 Find 6  4
numeral) 4 3
1 1 1 25 13 25  13 325 1
Ex.17 The weight of one packet of tea is kg. What Sol. 6 4 =  = = = 27
4 4 3 4 3 43 12 2
is the weight of 20 such packets ?
Facts :
1
Sol. Weight of one packet of tea = kg 1. It is not necessary first to multiply the fractions
4 and then simplify. We may simplify first then
Therefore, weight of 20 packets of tea multiply. For example,
1 21 45 21  45 21  9 189
= × 20 = 5 kg. (i)  = = =
4 25 68 25  68 5  68 340
Ex.18 In a Cinema hall's parking, 90 cars can be 25 12 7 25  12  7 5  31
(ii)   = = = 15
5 7 5 4 7 5 4 111
parked at a time. During a night show, of
9 2. Cancellation could use only for fractions are
the parking lot was full. How many cars were multiplied and could not use for addition &
there at that time ? subtraction of fractions.
Sol. Total capacity of Parking place = 90 cars 3. Double of 3 or half of 7 can be written as 2 × 3
5 1
 Number of cars during night show = 90 × and × 7 respectively.
9 2

90  5  If word 'OF' is in between two fractions then

= = 10 × 5 = 50 cars. multiply those fractions.
9
4. Product of two proper fractions < Each proper
Multiplication of two Mixed Fractions :
fraction.
To multiply two or more mixed numerals, we
follow the following steps : 2 1 2 2 2 2 1
Ex.     and 
7 3 21 21 7 21 3
Step 1. Convert the mixed fractions into improper
fractions. 5. Product of two improper fractions > Each
improper fraction.
Step 2. Multiply the improper fractions.
9 7 63 63 9 63 7
Step 3. Reduce to lowest form. Eg.  =  > & >
4 3 12 12 4 12 3
Step 4.If the product is an improper fraction,
convert it into mixed fraction. 6. Proper fraction < Product of proper and
improper fraction < Improper fraction
EXAMPLES  1 5 5 1 5 5
Eg.  =   
Ex.19 Find the product of : 7 2 14 7 14 2
4 10 15 5 2 4
(i) 3  (ii) 4 (iii) 5  3
5 21 22 7 15 7 7. When the product of two fractional numbers or
4 10 19 10 38 17 a fractional number and a whole number is 1,
Sol. (i) 3  =  = =1 then either of them is the multiplicative inverse
5 21 5 21 21 21
 (or reciprocal) of the other. So the reciprocal of
a fraction (or a whole number) is obtained by
interchanging its numerator and denominator.
Note : Reciprocal of zero (0) is not possible. (ii)

EXAMPLES 
Ex. 21 Match the following : Ex.23 Find :

1 3
(i) 2  (a) (i) of 16
5 4
1 3
1 (ii) of
(ii) 2  (b) 4 5
2
1 3
(iii) of 2
2 2 4
(iii) 3  (c)
3 3 3 3 16 3 4
Sol. (i) of 16 = × 16 =  = = 12
4 4 4 1 1 1
1
(iv) 3  (d) 1 3 1 3 1 3 3
4 (ii) of =  = =
4 5 4 5 45 20
Sol. (i) = (b); (ii) = (c); (iii) = (a); (iv) = (d)
1 3 1 11 1  11 11
(iii) of 2 =  = =
1 2 4 2 4 2 4 8
Ex.22 (i) Shade of the circles in a box.
2 Ex.24 Vidya and Pratap went for a picnic. Their
mother gave them a water bottle that contained
2
5 litres of water. Vidya consumed of the
5
water. Pratap consumed the remaining water.
(i) How much water did Vidya drink ?
(ii) What fraction of the total quantity of water did
2 Pratap drink ?
(ii) Shade of the triangle in a box.
3 Sol. Total water = 5 litres.
2
(i) Water consumed by Vidya = of 5 litres
5
2
= × 5 litres = 2 litres
5
(ii) Water drunk by Pratap = (5 – 2) = 3 litres.
The fraction of total quantity of water that
3
Pratap drunk =
5
Sol. (i)
Ex.25 A car runs 16 km using 1 litre of petrol. How
3
much distance will it cover using 2 litres of
4
petrol ?
Sol. Car runs in 1 litre of petrol = 16 km 7 
=  12  months (1 year = 12 months)
3 3 
Car will run in 2 litres of petrol
4 = 28 months
 3 = 2 years 4 months.
= 16  2  km
 4
3 3 
(iv) of a day =  1 day
 16 11   4  11  8 8 
=    km =   km = 44 km.
1 4  11 
3 
=   24  hours (1 day = 24 hours)
3 8 
Hence, car will go 44 km in 2 litres of petrol.
4
= 9 hours
2 4
Ex.26 Represent pictorially 2    DIVISION OF FRACTIONAL NUMBERS
5 5
Sol. We know Division = Dividend ÷ Divisor
When a fraction number (or whole no.) divide by
+ fractional number (or whole no.) then we multiply
dividend to reciprocal of divisor.
2 2  2 4 EXAMPLES 
+ 2  
5 5  5 5
Ex.28 Find the value of
1
Ex.27 Find : (i) of a rupee in paise 5 25 7 15
4 (i)  (ii) 
7 21 8 8
2
(ii) of an hour in minutes 2 1
5 (iii) 1  2
7 14
7
(iii) of a year in months 5 25 5 21 3
3 Sol. (i)  =  =
7 21 7 25 5
3
(iv) of a day in hours 7 15 7 8 7
8 (ii)  =  =
8 8 8 15 15
1 1 
Sol. (i) of a rupee =  1 Rupee 2 1 9 29 9 14 18
4 4  (iii) 1  2 =  =  =
7 14 7 14 7 29 29
1  Facts :
=  100  paise (1 Rupee. = 100 paise)
4 
1. (Fractional number) ÷ 1 = same fractional
= 25 paise. number
2 2  2 2 1 2
(ii) of an hour =  1 hr ÷1=  =
5 5  3 3 1 3
2. 0 ÷ Fractional number = 0 (always)
2 
=   60  min (1 hr = 60 minutes)
 5  3. non zero fractional number ÷ same number = 1
(always)
= (2 × 12) min
2 2 2 3
= 24 min.  =  =1
3 3 3 2
7 7  4. '0' cannot be a divisor ( reciprocal of zero is
(iii) of a year =  1 year
3 3  not possible)
 EXAMPLES  3 9 1 1
(i) (ii) (iii) (iv)
3 7 5 8 11
2
Ex.29 Simplify : 4 Sol. Reciprocal of
3 7
 2
1
(mixed fraction)
5 7 3 3
1
7
9 5
3 Reciprocal of  (proper fractional)
2 5 9
Sol. 4 is same as 2 3  1 5
5 4 7 1 8
1 Reciprocal of  = 8 (whole number)
7 8 1
3 5 1 11
Now, 2  1 Reciprocal of  = 11 (whole number)
4 7 11 1

11 12 1
=   (Rewrite the mixed numerals as Ex.32 A piece of cloth of length 11 m is cut into
4 7 4
improper fractions) 9 pieces of equal length. Find the length of
each piece.
11 7
=   (Change ÷ to × and replace the 1 45
4 12 Sol. Length of cloth = 11 m= m
divisor by its reciprocal.) 4 4

77 Number of equal pieces = 9

=  (Reduce to lowest form and multiply
48  45 
the numerators and multiply the denominators) Length of each piece =   9  m
 4 
29
= 1 (Rewrite the improper fraction as  45 1 
48 =   m
mixed numeral)  4 9

Ex.30 Find : 45 1 45  1 5 1
=  = = =1 m
4 9 49 4 4
3 1 1
(i) 12  (ii) 2  1 1
4 5 5 Hence, length of each piece = 1 m.
4
2 1 1
(iii) 1 (iv) 3  4 1
5 2 2 Ex.33 The area of a rectangle is 50 sq. cm. If its
2
3 12 4 4  4 16 1
Sol. (i) 12  =  = = = 16 breadth is 2 cm. find its length.
4 1 3 11 1 4
1 1 11 6 11 5 Sol. Area of rectangle = length × breadth
(ii) 2  1 =  = 
5 5 5 5 5 6
1 1 101 9
11  5 11 5 50 = length × 2  = length ×
= = =1 2 4 2 4
56 6 6
101 9
2 1 2 3 2 2 2 2 4  = length
(iii)  1 =  =  = = 2 4
5 2 5 2 5 3 53 15
 101 4 
1 7 4 7 1 7 1 7    cm = length
(iv) 3  4 =  =  = =  2 9
2 2 1 2 4 2 4 8
101 2 202 4
Ex.31 Find the reciprocal of each of the following Length = cm = = 22 cm
9 9 9
fractions. Classify the reciprocals as proper
fractions, improper fractions and whole 4
numbers : Hence, length of rectangle = 22 cm.
9
 SIMPLIFYING BRACKETS IN FRACTIONS 2 1 1
 of
= 3 6 2
EXAMPLES  54 1 1
of 
6 3 9
4  1  3  1 3 1 
Ex.34 Simplify :       2 1 1 2 1
7  2  4  5 7 5    
 
= 3 6 2 = 3 12
1 1 1 1 1
Sol. Let us first solve bar brackets :   
6 3 9 18 9
4  1  3  1 3 1  8 1 7
     
7  2  4  5 7 5  7 18 76 7
  = 12 = 12 =  = =
1 2 3 12 3 12  1 2
4  1  3  1 15  7  18 18
=     
7  2  4  5 35 
   DECIMALS
4  1  3  1 8  
=          Let us consider 6598302
7  2  4  5 35 
Place Ten Ten
Lakh Thousand Hundred Tens ones
4  1  3  7  8   value Lakh Thousand
=      
7  2  4  35  face 6 5 9 8 3 0 2
value
4  1  3 15 
=       moving from right to left
7  2  4 35 

4  1  3 3  When we move from right to left place value is

=       increase (by 10 times) but from left to right, place
7  2  4 7 
value is decreasing (by one tenth of place value)
4  1  21  12  4 1 9  Again consider 9321
=    =    
7  2  28  7  2 28  Let us proceed from 9 to the right.
4 14  9  4 5 The place value of 9 is 9 thousand.
=   =  
7  28  7  28  The place value of 3 is 3 hundred
4 5 4 4  5 21 The place value of 2 is 2 tens.
=  = =
7 28 28 28 The place value of 1 is 1 ones.
2 1 1 1 So, a number right to 1 must have for its value
  of on-tenth of one. This fractional part is usually
Ex.35 Simplify : 3 2 3 2
separated from the whole number by means
5 2 1 1
 of  of a dot (.) called the decimal point.
6 3 3 9
Consider 9321.6,
2 1 1 1
  of 6
Sol. We have 3 2 3 2 The place value of 6 is 6 tenths or
10
.
5 2 1 1
 of 
6 3 3 9 Consider, 9321.65,

2 32 1 5
 of The place value of 5 is 5 hundredths or .
100
= 3 6 2
5 2 1 1 Consider, 9321.654,
 of 
6 3 3 9
 4 For example, 1.12, 2.329, 42.8 are unlike
The place value of 4 is 4 thousandths or . decimals having 2, 3 and 1 decimal places
1000
respectively.
So the expanded form of 9321.654 is
Note : 2.7 = 2.70 = 2.700 = 2.7000 = ......
9 thousand + 3 hundred + 2 tens + 1 ones
i.e. we can put any number of zero after
+ 6 tenths + 5 hundredths + 4 thousandths. extreme right decimal part.
or 9321.654
 COMPARING DECIMALS
6 5 4
= 9000 + 300 + 20 + 1 + + +
10 100 1000  Methods :
9321.654 is read as "Nine thousand three (i) Convert the given decimals into like decimals if
hundred twenty one" point six hundred and it is unlike.
fifty four.
(ii) First compare the whole numbers.
Place value table represents the value of the
(iii) If whole-number parts are equal, compare the
places :
tenths digits.
Thousands Hundreds Tens ones Tenths Hundredths Thousandths
(iv) If tenth's digit are equal, compare the
1 1 1 hundredths' digits and so on.
1,000 100 10 1
10 100 1000
EXAMPLES 
DEFINITION : DECIMALS Ex.36 Compare : (i) 173.856 and 173.456
The numbers expressed in decimal forms are called (ii) 235.67 and 254.98
decimals. For example, 5.2, 21.32, 8.469, ... etc. are
decimals. Sol. (i) 1, 7, 3, 5 and 6 are same in both numbers but

Decimal has two parts : 8>4  173.856 > 173.456

(i) whole number part (ii) decimal part. (ii) In whole part ten's place 3 < 5 but hundreds
place is same.
For example, in 21.32
 235.67 < 254.98
21  whole part
Ex.37 Which is greater :
32  decimal part
(i) 0.5 or 0.05 (ii) 0.7 or 0.5
and read as twenty one point three two.
(iii) 1.37 or 1.49 (iv) 0.8 or 0.88
 Decimal places : The number of decimal places is
equal to the number of digits contained in decimal Sol. (i) Digits on the left side of decimal in 0.5 and 0.05
part of a decimal. are same i.e., 0. At tenths place 5 > 0, 0.5 > 0.05.
For example, in 8.3, 6.23, 10.145 all the numbers (ii) Digits on the left side of decimals in 0.7 and
have one, two three digits in decimal parts 0.5 are same i.e., 0. At tenths place 7 > 5, so,
respectively. 0.7 > 0.5.
 Types of Decimals : (iii) Digits on the left side of decimals in 1.37 and
1.49 are same i.e., 1. Now the digits at tenths
(i) Like decimals :
place (3 < 4), so 1.49 > 1.37.
Definition : Decimals having the same number
of decimal places. (iv) 0.8 or 0.88  0.80 or 0.88

For example, 2.37, 9.01, 14.23 are like Digits at the left side of decimals are same i.e.,
decimals, having 2 decimal places. zero.

(ii) Unlike decimals : Now digits at tenths place are same i.e. eight (8)

Definition : Decimals having the different Now digits at hundredth place is (8 > 0), so
number of decimal places. (0.88 > 0.80)
 ADDITION & SUBTRACTION OF 3.21
DECIMALS  2.34
5.55
 Addition of Decimals :
Let us add 24.06 and 8.2. (ii) 0.0345 + 6.124 = 0.0345 + 6.1240

Here the first number has two decimal places and 0.0345
the second has one decimal place. So, the maximum  6.1240
number of decimal places is 2. 6.1585
Hence we write each of them as two place decimal
by putting zeroes wherever necessary at the right of (iii) 6.9 + 32.26 = 6.90 + 32.36
the numbers as shown below : 6.90
24.06 and 8.2 as 8.20  32.36
To add these, we write the decimals in columns 39.16
keeping the decimal points in the same column.
Ex.40 Evaluate the following :
24.06 (i) 4.12 – 2.22 (ii) 62.7 – 60.74
 8.20
Sol. (i) 4.12 (ii) 62.70
32.26
– 2.22 – 60.74
While adding, we put the decimal point in the 1.90 1.96
column of the decimal points.
Note : It must be noted that the carried digit from CONVERSION OF A DECIMAL NUMBER
tenths place may to beyond the decimal point to INTO A DECIMAL FRACTION
reach ones place.
To convert a decimal number into a decimal
Subtraction of Decimals : To subtract a decimal fraction, we follow the steps given below :
from another decimal, we follow the same
procedure as we in addition. Let us recall the Step 1 :
procedure : Count the decimal places in the decimal number.
Step 1 : We arrange the decimals in column form Step 2 :
by keeping the decimal points in the same column. Ignore the decimal point and write all the digits of
Step 2 : We subtract as usual ignoring the decimal the decimal number as the numerator for the
points. Then finally, we put the decimal point in the decimal fraction.
difference in the column of decimal points. Step 3 :
EXAMPLES  Write the denominator as 1 with as many zeroes at
the right as the number of decimal places.
Ex.38 Subtract 0.7342 from 1. Step 4 :
1.0000 The decimal fraction thus obtained may be reduced
Sol.  0.7342 to its simplest form.
0.2658 EXAMPLES 
Ex.39 Evaluate : Ex.41 Convert 56.432 into a decimal fraction.
(i) 3.21 + 2.34 Sol. Decimal places = 3
(ii) 0.0345 + 6.124 Numerator = 56432
(iii) 6.9 + 32.26 Denominator = 103 = 1000
Sol. (i) 3.21 + 2.34 56432 28216 7054
Decimal fraction = = =
1000 500 125
 8253 × 74
MULTIPLICATION OF DECIMAL NUMBERS
8 2 5 3
Shreyansh purchased 2.5 kg sugar at the rate of
× 7 4
j 22.50 per kg. How much money should he pay?
Certainly it would be j (2.5 × 22.50). Both 2.5 and 3 3 0 1 2
22.50 are decimal numbers. So, we have come
5 7 7 7 1 ×
across a situation where we need to know how to
multiply two decimals. There are three cases of 6 1 0 7 2 2
multiplication of decimals which are : Now, 82.53 × 7.4 = 610.722 (mark the decimal
Multiplication of a decimal by 10, 100, 1000 etc. point after (2 + 1 = 3) digits from right).
Method : On multiplying a decimal number by 10, Ex.42 Multiply : (i) 1.6 by 0.3 (ii) 8.03 by 2.9
100, 1000, … the decimal point is shifted to the (iii) 0.657 by 27
right by one, two, three, … places respectively.
Sol. (i) We write it as 1.6 × 0.3
For example,
16 3 48
=  = = 0.48
673.234 × 10 = 673.234 = 6732.34 10 10 100

673.234 × 100 = 673.234 = 67323.4 Hence, 1.6 × 0.3 = 0.48

(ii) We write it as 8.03 × 2.9
673.234 × 1000 = 673.234 = 673234.0
803 29 23287
Multiplication of a decimal by a whole number =  = = 23.287
100 10 1000
 Method : Multiply the whole number by decimal Hence, 8.03 × 2.9 = 23.287
(without the decimal point). Mark the decimal point
in the product from right side to have as many (iii) We write it as 0.657 × 27
decimals as there are in the given decimal. 657 657  27
= × 27 =
For example, 12 × 3.82 1000 1000
First find the product of 12 and 382 17739
= = 17.739
(ignoring decimal) 382 × 12 1000
382 Hence, 0.657 × 27 = 17.739

×12 Ex.43 Find the following products :

764 (i) 23.25 × 5 (ii) 2.325 × 25

382× Sol. (i) 23.25 × 5

4584 2325
 5
Now, 3.82 × 12 = 45.84 (mark the point after two
digits from right). 11625
Multiplication of a decimal by a decimal So, 23.25 × 5 = 116.25
Method : Step 1 :
1. Multiply the decimal numbers as of ordinary Multiply the multiplicand by the multiplier
number (ignoring decimal points) without bothering about the decimal point.
2. Mark the decimal point in the product after as Step 2 :
many places (from the right) as the sum of the Count the number of digits in the multiplicand
decimal places in the each number. after decimal point. It is 2 in this case. Count
For example, 82.53 × 7.4 two digits from the unit place in the product
and put a decimal point.
First find the product of 8253 and 74 (ignoring
decimal point) Therefore, 23.25 × 5 = 116.25
 (ii) 2.325 × 25 Ex.45 Find
2325 (i) 10.05 × 1.05 (ii) 100.01 × 1.1
 25 Sol. (i) First multiply 1005 by 105
11625
46500 1005
58125  105
5025
So, 2.325 × 25 = 58.125 0000
Step 1 : 1005 
105525
Multiply the multiplicand by the multiplier
without bothering about the decimal point. Sum of decimal places in the given decimal
Step 2 : = (2 + 2) = 4
The multiplicand has 3 places of decimal. So, product will contain 4 places of decimals
Count three digits from the unit place of the from the right side.
product and put the decimal point.
10.05 × 1.05 = 10.5525
Therefore, 2.325 × 25 = 58.125
(ii) 100.01 × 1.1
Ex.44 Multiply 6.7 × 4.25 × 12.3
First multiply 10001 by 11.
Sol. (i) 6.7 × 4.25 × 12.3 = (6.7 × 4.25) × 12.3
10001
= 28.475 × 12.3 = 350.2425
 11
67 28475 10001
 425  123 10001
335 85425
110011
 1340  569500
 26800  2847500 Sum of decimal places in the given decimals
28475 3502425 = (2 + 1) = 3
Also we can make the grouping as So, product will contain 3 places of decimals
from the right side.
(ii) 6.7 × 4.25 × 12.3
100.01 × 1.1 = 110.011
= 6.7 × (4.25 × 12.3) = 6.7 × 52.275
Ex.46 Find the area of rectangle whose length is
= 350.2425
5.7 cm and breadth is 3 cm.
425
52275 Sol. Length of rectangle = 5.7 cm
 123
1275  67 Breadth of rectangle = 3 cm
365925
 8500 Area of rectangle = length × breadth
 3136500
 42500 3502425 = (5.7 × 3)cm2 = 17.1 cm2
52275
Ex.47 A two-wheeler covers a distance of 55.3 km in
We find that one litre of petrol. How much distance will it
cover in 10 litres of petrol ?
(6.7 × 4.25) × 12.3 = 6.7 × (4.25 × 12.3)
Sol. Distance covered in one litre petrol = 55.3 km
Hence,
Distance convered in 10 litres of petrol
To find the product of three decimal fractions,
we can regroup them in any order, the result is = 55.3 × 10 km
the same in both cases. Thus, multiplication of = 553.0 km = 553 km
decimals is associative.
Ex.48 If 625 × 5 = 3125, find value of Dividing a decimal by a whole number
(i) 6.25 × 5 Method :
(ii) 62.5 × 5 orally. (i) Divide the dividend considering it as a whole
number.
Sol. As 625 × 5 = 3125  6.25 × 5 = 31.25
(ii) When the division of whole-number part of the
As 625 × 5 = 3125  62.5 × 5 = 312.5 dividend is complete, mark the decimal point in
Tip : Squaring of a number with decimal or without the quotient and proceed with the division as in
decimal ending with 5. case of whole number.
Eg. (i) 1.5 × 1.5 For example,
= ( 1 . 5 )2 149.236  8
= 2 . 25 18.6545
(1 × 2) (square of 5) 8 149.236
8
Eg. (ii) ( 2 . 5 )2 69
 64
= 6 . 25
52
(2 × 3) (square of 5)  48
Eg. (iii) ( 0. 35 )2 43
 40
= 0.12 25 36
(3 × 4) (square of 5)  32
40
Eg. (iv) ( 7 5 )2  40
= 56 25 0
(7 × 8) (square of 5) Dividing a decimal by a decimal
2
In general (a5) = a(a + 1)25 Method :
We can set correct position of decimal. (i) Convert the divisor into a whole number by
Note : In multiplication of two numbers a & b is multiplying it by 10, 100, 1000, … etc,
depending upon the number of decimal places
a × b = ab in it. Also we multiply the dividend by the
here a = multiplier, same multiplier.

b = multiplicand, (ii) Divide the new dividend by the whole number

obtained above.
ab = product
For example, 22.08  1.5
 DIVISION OF DECIMAL NUMBERS 22.08 2208  10 220.8
  
Dividing a decimal by 10, 100, 1000 etc. 1 .5 100  15 15

Method : On dividing a number by 10, 100, 1000, 14.72

… the digits of the number and quotient are same 15 220.8
but the decimal point in the quotient shifts to left by  15
one, two, three, … places. 70
 60
For example, 108
3.27  10 = 0.327  105
30
3.27  100 = 0.0327  30
3.27  1000 = 0.00327 0
 EXAMPLES  Thus, 50.76 ÷ 9.4 = 5.4
Ex.49 Find 15.225 ÷ 0.35 Ex.52 Find the quotient of 0.06688 ÷ 0.038
Sol. We can write it as Sol. Make the divisor a whole number by shifting
the decimal point in dividend to the right by
15225 35 three places, we have 0.06688 ÷ 0.038
=  [Writing decimal fractions as
1000 100
fractions] = 0.06688 ÷ 0.038 = 66.88 ÷ 38
[Change ÷ by × and replace the divisor by its 1.76
reciprocal] 38 66.88
15225 100  38
=  = 1522.5 ÷ 35 288
1000 35
 266
Thus, we note that 228
15.225 ÷ 0.35 = 1522.5 ÷ 0.35 = 1522.5 ÷ 35  228

Thus if the decimal point is moved to two
places towards right in the divisor then the Thus, 0.06688 ÷ 0.038 = 1.76
decimal point is also moved to the right in
Ex. 53 Find 0.024 ÷ 0.6
dividend by same number of places.
Ex.50 Find 50.76 ÷ 9.4 0.024
Sol. 0.024 ÷ 0.6 =
0 .6
5076 94 5076 10 5076
Sol. =  =  =  94 = 507.6 ÷ 94 0.24
100 10 100 94 10 = = 0.04
6
Hence, 50.76 ÷ 9.4 = 507.6 ÷ 94
0.04
Thus, we note that we can make the divisor as a
whole number by shifting the decimal point to 6 0.24
 0.24
right by as many places as the number of the
decimal places in the divisor. This way, the 
divisor is changed into a whole number. Ex.54 Find 64 ÷ 0.08
Ex. 51 Divide (i) 15.225 by 0.35 (ii) 50.76 ÷ 9.4 64.00 64.00  100
Sol. 64 ÷ 0.08 = =
0.08 0.08  100
Sol. (i) 15.225 ÷ 0.35 = 1522.5 ÷ 35
6400
43.5 =
8
35 1522.5
 140 = 800
122
 105 [Shift the decimal points two places to the right
in both the numbers]
175
 175 Dividing of a whole number by a decimal
 For example,
Thus, 15.225 ÷ 0.35 = 43.5 9  0.3

(ii) 50.76 ÷ 9.4 = 507.6 ÷ 94 9 9  10

= 
0 .3 3
5.4
94 507.6 90
=  30
 470 3
376 9  0.3 = 30
 376

 EXAMPLES  = 3 + 0.5 = 3.5
Ex.55 Find the quotient of : Total quantity of oil = 21.875 litres
(i) 34 ÷ 1.36 (ii) 1032 ÷ 2.064 6.25
Sol. (i) Step 1 : Make the divisor as a whole number, 35
218.75
we have  210
34 ÷ 1.36 = 3400 ÷ 136 87
 70
Step 2 : Divide 3400 ÷ 136
175
25  175
136 3400 
Therefore, capacity of one can
 272
680 = 21.875 ÷ 3.5 litres.
 680 = 218.75 ÷ 35 = 6.25 litres

Thus 34 ÷ 1.36 = 25  CONVERSION OF UNITS

(ii) Step 1 : Make the divisor as a whole number Units of length :

1032 ÷ 2.064 = 1032000 ÷ 2064
Divide
Step 2 : Divide the new dividend by new
divisor : kilometer (km)
500 10 hectometer (hm) 10
2064 1032000
 1032000 10 deca meter (dam) 10
smaller to bigger

bigger to smaller

meter (m)
Therefore, 1032 ÷ 2.064 = 500 10 (standard unit of length)
10
Ex.56 Alka gets j 89.25 as daily allowance for tea in 10 decimeter (dm) 10
7 days. How much money does she get in 1
day?
10 centimeter (cm) 10
Sol. Money received in 7 days = j 89.25
Therefore, money received in 1 day 10 millimeter (mm) 10
= j 89.25 ÷ 7 Multiply
Note : Centimetres (length), grams (weight), litres
12.75 (capacity) belonges to a set of units. This set is
7 89.25 called Metric system of units.
7
Fact : The metric system was developed in France in
19 1790, so as that units in the system would be
 14 related to each other by a multiple of 10.
52 Tip : To learn the order of units of length, we can use
 49
35 " Kaha Ho Daddy Mumma, Didi, Call Me "
 35 K  km ; H  hm ; D  dam ; M  metre ;

Therefore, money received in 1 day = j 12.75 D  dm ; C  cm ; M  mm
1 Also,
Ex. 57 If 21.875 litres of oil is in 3 cans of tin of equal
2 ×10 ×10 ×10 ×10 ×10 ×10
capacity, find the capacity of oil in each can. km hm dam m dm cm mm
kg hg dag g dg cg mg
1 1 k h da  d c m
Sol. Number of cans = 3 =3+
2 2 ÷10 ÷10 ÷10 ÷10 ÷10 ÷10
 EXAMPLES  Other Units of Length (Imperial Units of
Length) :
Ex.58 Express the given quantity in terms of the units
given in brackets : 12 inches = 1 foot (ft)
(i) 45.93 km to (m) 3 feet = 1 yard (yd)
(ii) 73.72 kg to (cm) 1760 yards = 1 mile
(iii) 225 m 37 cm to (cm) Ex.61 Express the given quantity in the units given in
(iv) 9.432 g to (mg) brackets :
Sol. (i) 45.93 km = 45.93 × 1000 m = 45930 m (i) 549 inch (into ft)
(ii) 73.72 km = 73.72 × 100000 cm = 7372000 cm (ii) 2 miles 9504 yards (into miles)
(iii) 225 m 37 cm = 225 × 100 cm + 37 cm (iii) 1285 inch (into ft and inches)
= 22500 cm + 37 cm Sol. (i) We know 12 inches = 1 foot
= 22537 cm 1
 1 inch = foot
(iv) 9.432 g to mg = 9.432 × 1000 mg = 9432 mg 12

Ex.59 Express the given quantity in terms of the units 549 9

 549 inch = feet = 45 feet
given in brackets : 12 12
(i) 24.43 mg to (cg) (ii) 6795 g to (kg) = 45 feet and 9 inch.
(iii) 4203 mm to (hm) (iv) 15.89 m to () 45 feet
24.43 12 549
Sol. (i) 24.43 mg = cg = 2.443 cg  48
10
69
6795  60
(ii) 6795 g = kg = 6.795 kg
1000 9 inch

4203
(iii) 4203 mm = hm = 0.04203 hm
100000 (ii) 2 miles 9504 yards

15.89 In order to change 2 miles 9504 yards, we have

(iv) 15.89 m =  = 0.01589  to change number of yards into miles.
1000
 2 miles 9504 yards = 2 miles + 9504 yards
Ex.60 Find the following products in the units given
in brackets :  1760 yards = 1 mile
(i) 3 × 42 g 745 mg in (g) 1
1 yard = mile
(ii) 3 × 5 t 5460 kg in (t) 1760
Sol. (i) Before multiplying, change the unit in the 9504  1
required unit  9504 yards = = 5.4 miles
1760
745  2 miles + 9504 yards = 2 miles + 5.4 miles
42 g + 745 mg = 42 g + g
1000
= 7.4 miles
= 42 g + 0.745 g = 42.745 g
(iii) 1285 inches
 3 × 42g 745 mg = 3 × 42.745g = 128.235 g
12 inches = 1 ft
(ii) Now, 5t 5460 kg = 5t + 5460 kg
1285  1 1
5460 1285 inches = ft = 107 ft
= 5t + t = 5t + 5.46 t = 10.46 t. 12 12
1000
= 107 ft and 1 inch
 3 × 5t 5460 kg = 3 × 10.46 t = 31.38 t
Ex.62 How many metres are there in 6728 cm? Ex.67 Express 5 cm in metres and kilometers.
Sol. We know that 100 cm = 1 m 1
Sol. 5 cm = × 5 metres
1 100
 1 cm = m
100 1
( 100 cm = 1m and 1 cm = m)
So, 6728 cm = (6728  100) m 100

6728 cm = 67.28 meters 5

= metres
100
Ex.63 How many decimeters are there in 23.7 cm ?
5 cm = 0.05 metres
1
Sol. We know that 10 cm = 1 dm  1 cm = dm
10 1
5 cm = 5 × km
100000
So, 23.7 cm = (23.7  10) dm
23.7 cm = 2.37 decimeters 1
( 100000 cm = 1 km  1 cm = km)
100000
Ex.64 How many grams are there in 725.65
hectograms ? 5 cm = 0.00005 km.
Sol. We known that 1 hectogram = 100 grams Ex.68 Express in kg
So, 725.65 hectograms = (725.65 × 100) grams (i) 200 g
725.65 hectograms = 72565 grams (ii) 3470 g
Ex.65 How many milliliters are there in 6.1072 litres? (iii) 4 kg 8 g
Sol. We know that 1 litre = 100 ml. 200
Sol. (i) 200 gm = kg
6.1072 litres = (6.1072 × 1000) ml 1000

6.1072 litres = 6107.2 ml 1

( 1000 gm = 1 kg  1 gm = kg)
1000
Ex.66 Express as rupees using decimals :
 200 gm = 0.200 kg
(i) 7 paise (ii) 7 rupees 7 paise
(iii) 235 paise 3470
(ii) 3470 g = kg
1000
Sol. (i) We know that 100 paise = 1 Rupee
1
1 ( 1000 gm = 1 kg  1 gm = kg)
 1 paise = Rupees 1000
100
 3470 gm = 3.470 kg
1 7
So, 7 paise = × 7 Rupees = 8
100 100 (iii) 4 kg 8 gm = 4 kg + kg
1000
7 paise = 0.07 Rupees
1
(ii) 7 Rupees and 7 Paise = j 7 + 7 Paise ( 1000 gm = 1 kg  1 gm = kg)
1000
7
=j 7+j = (4 + 0.008) kg
100
 4 kg 8 g = 4.008 kg
 7 
= j 7  
 100 
= j (7 + 0.07) = j 7.07
235
(iii) 235 paise = j ( 100 paise = j 1 )
100
235 paise = j 2.35
 EXERCISE # 1
Q.12 The fraction in which the numerator is less than
MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS
the denominator is called ________ fraction
Q.1 5.5 km is equal to
(A) like (B) unlike
(A) 5.5 hm (B) 0.55 hm
(C) improper (D) proper
(C) 550 hm (D) 55 hm
Q.13 The value of product of two proper fractions is
Q.2 0.8 g is equal to
always________ than each of the fractions.
(A) 8 dg (B) 0.8 dag
(A) greater (B) equal
(C) 8 hg (D) none of these
(C) less (D) none of these
Q.3 16 m is equal to
3
(A) 1600  (B) 16  Q.14 The reciprocal of is
7
(C) 1.6 c (D) none of these 7 1
(A) (B) 2
3 3
Q.4 0.088  2.2 is equal to
(C) (A) and (B) both (D) none of these
(A) 4 (B) 0.4
(C) 0.04 (D) none of these
5
Q.15 of a week is ___ days
Q.5 0.8007 × 1000 is equal to 7
(A) 800.7 (B) 8.007 (A) 5 days (B) 7 days
(C) 8007.0 (D) none of these (C) 2 days (D) none of these

Q.6 The value of 25.75  100 is equal to Q.16 7.235 kg is equal to ______
(A) 2.575 (B) 257.5 (A) 72.35 gm (B) 7235 gm
(C) 0.2575 (D) none of these (C) 0.7235 gm (D) none of these

Q.7 The value of 2.2 × 0.2 × 0.001 is equal to Q.17 7204 m is equal to ______
(A) 4.2 (B) 0.00044 (A) 7.204 km (B) 72.04 km
(C) 4.4 (D) none of these (C) 0.7204 km (D) none of these

Q.8 If 14 × 4 = 56 then value of 0.14 × 4 is Q.18 1245  100 is equal to ______

(A) 5.6 (B) 0.056 (A) 12.45 (B) 1.245
(C) 0.56 (D) none of these (C) 124.5 (D) none of these

Q.9 0.35 × 0.2 is equal to SHORT ANSWERS TYPE QUESTIONS

(A) 7.0 (B) 0.7 Q.19 Write the fraction for each of the following
(C) 70.0 (D) 0.070 figures
Q.10 If 256  16 = 16 then value of 2.56  16 is
equal to (i) (ii)
(A) 1.6 (B) 16.0
(C) 0.16 (D) none of these

Q.11 ______ is improper fraction

(iii) (iv)
4 7 5 9
(A) (B) (C) (D)
7 4 7 11
Q.20 Shade/colour on the basis of given fractions 2
(iii) 4  (c)
below : 4

1
(iv) 2  (d)
3

Q.26 Multiply and give the answer in the lowest

1 1 1 term.
(i) Part (ii) Part (iii) Part
6 3 4
1 1
(i) 7  4 (ii) 14  3
Q.21 Simplify the following : 2 2
4 6 5 2 5 1
(i) 3  (ii) 7  (iii)  (iii) 1  35 (iv) of 21
5 9 6 7 14 3
2 3 2 1 2 3
(iv) 5 – (v)   (vi) 3  4
3 10 5 2 5 7 Q.27 Find :
3 1 3 1 2 1 1
` (vii) 5  4  7 (viii) 9  8 (i) of 24 = ........... (ii) of 36 = .........
7 2 7 2 7 6 9

Q.22 Arrange the following fractions in ascending 7

(iii) of 96 = ............
order : 8
3 5 2 1 2 4 7
(i) , , (ii) , , , 1
4 12 3 3 9 6 9 Q.28 Ankita organised a picnic and invited of all
6
4 5 5 3 7 7
(iii) , , (iv) , , 1
9 3 21 20 15 10 her classmates. If of the classmates invited
2
Q.23 Use signs >, <, = in the following boxes : were girls, find how many boys were there at
1 3 9 3 Ankita's picnic, if there were 60 students in her
(i) (ii)
2 8 10 5 class.
4 1 2 16
(iii) 1 1 (iv)
5 10 3 24 Q.29 Simplify the following :

Q.24 Multiply and write the following in simplest 1 1 1 1 2 7

(i)  (ii)  (iii) 
form : 3 3 5 5 9 12

7 1 6 6 34 3 20 1 1
(i) 9  (ii) 3 (iii) 5  (iv)  (v)  (vi) of
8 4 7 17 50 5 7 6 7
5 7 1 3 33 7 8
(iv) 4  (v) 6 (vi) 14  (vii) of (viii) of
2 2 7 11 55 56 89

Q.25 Match the following :

Q.30 Multiply and write the following in simplest
2 form :
(i) 3 (a)
3
5 3 9 33 11 15
(i)  (ii)  (iii) 
1 7 15 11 8 5 66
(ii) 2  (b)
6 1 39 11 3
(iv)  (v) 
13 14 3 10
Q.31 Simplify the following : Q.35 Find :
3 7 1 4
(i) of (i) 4  3 (ii) 9  3
5 9 3 7
13 11 1 1
(ii) of (iii) 11  7 (iv) 13  2
19 17 2 5
19 13
(iii) of
21 23 Q.36 Rohan caught 5 fishes. Their total weight was
1
31 17 7 kg. If all fishes have equal weight, find the
(iv) of 2
19 7
weight of one fish.
11 9
(v) of
13 5
Q.37 Divide :
Q.32 Complete the following : 8 2 7 5
(i) by (ii) by
9 3 8 6
2 10
(i)   
5 2 10 3 3 7 1
(iii) by (iv) by
4 4 13 4
9 11 99
(ii)   1
11
Q.38 Find the quotient in each of the following :
3 1 1 2 1
(iii)   1 (i) 7 1 (ii) 3  2
5 15 2 2 3 2
3 15 1 3 1 3
(iv)    (iii) 3  1 (iv) 1  8
5 3 15 2 4 4 8

4 5
(v)   1 Q.39 Which of the following are true, write T in the
5
box otherwise write F ?
2
(vi)   1 2 5 4
9 2 18 (i)  
3 6 5

Q.33 Find the multiplicative inverse (reciprocal) of 7 1 1

(ii)  4
each of the following : 8 6 5

7 1 1 3 1 1
(i) (ii) 6 (iii) (iii) 1  
15 4 7 4 4 7

17 27
(iv) (v) 3
7 4 Q.40 Sheela's mother bought kg of toffees. She
4
Q.34 Find the quotient of the following divisions : distributed the toffees to some children. If each
4 2 1
(i) 6 (ii) 8 child was given kg toffees, find how many
5 3 8
children were distributed the toffees ?
3 7
(iii) 15  (iv)  16
7 8
 1 5 5
Q.41 How many boards of length 1 feet can be cut (ii) 3  3
2 7 7
from a piece of a wooden log that measures 7
(iii) 0 ÷ 
1 11
22 feet in length ?
2
(iv) 0 ÷ =0
Q.42 Fill in the blanks using the properties of 19
(v)  0
division. 27
13
(i) 1 
27
 ANSWER KEY
1. D 2. A 3. C 4. C 5. A 6. C
7. B 8. C 9. D 10. C 11. B 12. D
13. C 14. C 15. A 16. B 17. A 18. A
3 1 3 1 3 1
19. (i)  (ii) (iii) (iv) 
6 2 8 4 6 2
19 23 47 13 6 36 243 249
21. (i) (ii) (iii) (iv) (v) (vi)  (vii) (viii)
5 3 42 3 5 35 14 14
5 2 3 2 1 4 7 5 4 5 3 7 7
22. (i)   (ii)    (iii)   (iv)  
12 3 4 9 3 6 9 21 9 3 20 15 10
23. (i) > (ii) > (iii) > (iv) =
63 3 30
24. (i) (ii) (iii) (iv) 10 (v) 21 (vi) 2
8 4 7
25. (i) b (ii) d (iii) c (iv) a
63 95
26. (ii) 49 (iii) (iv) 7
2 2
27. (i) 4 (ii) 4 (iii) 84
28. 5 boys
1 1 7 6 12 5 1 9 1
29. (i) (ii) (iii) (iv) (v) 1 (vi) (vii) (viii)
9 25 54 25 7 7 42 55 89
1 27 3 1 3 11 1
30. (i) (ii) 3 (iii) (iv) (v) 1
7 8 8 2 14 10 10
7 143 247 527 99
31. (i) (ii) (iii) (iv) (v)
15 323 483 133 65
32. (i) 5, 1 (ii) 9, 99 (iii) 5, 3, 15 (iv) 5, 1 (v) 4, 20, 20 (vi) 9, 18
15 4 7 4
33. (i) (ii) (iii) 7 (iv) (v)
7 25 17 27
2 1 7
34. (i) (ii) (iii) 35 (iv)
15 12 128
1 13 7 10
35. (i) 1 (ii) 2 (iii) 1 (iv) 5
5 25 15 11
1
36. 1 kg
2
4 21 1 28 2
37. (i) (ii) 1 (iii) 1 (iv) 2
3 20 20 13 13
22 7 10
38. (i) 5 (ii) 1 (iii) 2 (iv)
15 15 67
39. (i) T (ii) F (iii) F
40. 6 children 41. 15 boards
13 0
42. (i) (ii) 1 (iii) 0 (iv) is not defined (v) 0
27 0
 EXERCISE # 2

3
Q.1 Ramesh can iron a shirt in 4 minutes, how Q.8 Simplify each of the following :
4
4 3 1
long will he take to iron 16 shirts ? (i)  
5 10 2
1 4 3 2
Q.2 A bags of flour weighs 35 kg. What is the (ii)  
4 5 10 9
weight of 105 bags ?
Q.9 Write each of the following decimals in words :
3 (i) 7.26 (ii) 247.893
Q.3 A cook adds 4 cups of water to a stew. If the
7 (iii) 240.004 (iv) 9.007
3 Q.10 Simplify each of the following :
cup holds of a litre, how many litres of
14 (i) 4.032 – 3.947 – 3.472 + 0.943
water were added ? (ii) 9.069 – 10.2 + 12.321 – 27.957
1 Q.11 In the given figure the perimeter (the distance
Q.4 It takes 3 minutes for a cub scout to clean a
4 all round) of the triangle is 6.5 cm. What is the
pair of shoes. If he cleans 36 pairs of shoes to length of third side ?
raise money for a charity, how long does he
spend to this job ? 2.3 cm
1.6 cm
Q.5 A pharmacist counts 24 tablets and put them
1
into a bottle. Each tablet weighs of a gram
4 ?
1
and the weight of the bottle is 112 grams. Q.12 Find the perimeter of the rectangle shown in
2
fig.
What is the total weight ?
7.1 cm
1 1
Q.6 A car travels 5 km north, then 2 km west
4 2 4.2 cm 4.2 cm
3
and finally 4 km north. What is the total
8 7.1 cm
distance travelled (in kilometers) ? What
fraction of the journey was travelled in a Q.13 A piece of webbing is 17.6 m long. If 2.37 m is
northerly direction ? cut off, how much is left ?

Q.7 State whether each of the following statements Q.14 The bill for three meals was j 1443.90. The first
is true or false : meal costs j 338.30 and the second j 645.75.
1 2 1 2 What was the cost of the third ?
(i)   
2 3 3 3
Q.15 Fill in the blanks :
1 3 1 1 1
(ii)     (i) 3.432 × 6 = ........................
4 4 2 3 2
(ii) 1.07 × 1 × 3 = ........................
1 1 1 3 2 (iii) 1.26629 × 9 = ........................
(iii)    
2 4 2 4 1
Q.16 Find the following products : Q.28 Sheela brought 5.5  of oil. If each litre costs
(i) 512 × 0.947 j 73.50. How much did she spend ?
(ii) 756.329 × 6.3429 × 0
(iii) 26.004 × 45 Q.29 Find the quotient in each of the following :
(i) 2.16 ÷ 9 (ii) 2.25 ÷ 15 (iii) 319.2 ÷ 288
Q.17 Fill in the blanks :
(i) 2.45 × 10 = ........................ Q.30 Divide the following :
(ii) 7.2 × 10 = ........................ (i) 98.01 ÷ 10 (ii) 32.24 ÷ 1000
(iii) 19.25 × 100 = ........................ (iii) 300.4 ÷ 100

Q.18 Find the multiplier : Q.31 Fill in the blanks :

(i) 17.03 × ........................ = 17030 (i) 79.84 ÷ = 0.7984
(ii) 92.125 × ...................... = 92125 (ii) 125.1 ÷ = 1.251
(iii) 7.25 × .......................... = 725
(iii) 2593.7 ÷ = 2.5937
Q.19 Find the multiplicand :
(i) ............... × 100 = 621.6 Q.32 Divide the following :
(ii) ............... × 1000 = 245.7 (i) 0.1008 ÷ 0.9 (ii) 20.28 ÷ 0.26
(iii) ............... × 10 = 240.7
Q.33 Divide the following :
Q.20 Multiply the decimal numbers with the given (i) 83.4412 ÷ 0.8 (ii) 0.2136 ÷ 0.006
powers of 10.
Q.34 Divide each of the following :
S. No. Number 10 102 103
0 .2  0 .6
(i) 6.943 (i)
0 .4
(ii) 76.001
3 .2
(iii) 0.0029 (ii)
4  0.002
Q.21 If the length of side of a square is 14.32 cm, 0 .9  4  9 .6
(iii)
then find (i) area (ii) perimeter. 7 .2

Q.22 The length of a side of a regular 6-sided Q.35 15 slabs of milky bar weigh 5.652 kg. How
polygon (hexagon) is 10.9 cm. Find the much does each slab weight ?
perimeter of the polygon.
Q.36 If 15 pencil boxes cost j 190.80. What is the
Q.23 Add 3.42 and 6.409 and multiply the result by cost of one pencil box ?
2.3.
Q.37 The total cost of 68 tape recorders is
Q.24 Take 9.632 from 11 and multiply the result by j 78373.40. What is the cost of one tape
11. recorder ?
Q.25 The cost of 1 metre water pipe is j 5.80. What Q.38 If 35.4 litres of petrol cost j 1053.15, find the
will be the cost of 8.5 metres of the pipe ? price of one litre of petrol.
Q.26 A bottle holds 0.750  of a cold drink. How Q.39 The perimeter of a square is 244.56 cm. What
much of cold drink will be there in 21 such is the length of one side ?
bottles ?
Q.40 Divide 132.6 into 12 equal parts.
Q.27 A litre of milk costs j 15.25. What will be the
cost of 100 litres of milk ? Q.41 Share j 143.45 equally among 8 people.
Q.42 Express each of the following in metres Q.52 On a trip last summer, Shashi drove 100 km in
(i) 4.5 km (ii) 63 cm 1
2 hours. How many km did she run in one
(iii) 8 cm (iv) 4 mm 2
(v) 169 dm (vi) 0.235 km hour ?

Q.43 Express each of the following in litres Q.53 The perimeter of a regular pentagon (a five-
(i) 42.3 dal (ii) 235.2 ml sided closed figure with all the sides are equal)
(iii) 0.123 kl (iv) 34.25 hl is 162.34 cm. What is the length of one side ?
(v) 2.312 kl (vi) 68.6 cl
Q.54 Simplify :
Q.44 Find the sum of 7m 50 cm and 500 cm in (i) 5.5 of 3.67 – (1.67 + 1.63  0.44 ) ÷ 0.2
metres. (ii) 4.4 ÷ 1.1 – [3.3 + {1.1 × 4.4 – (1.1 ÷ 2.2
Q.45 Find the sum of 2 kg, 270 g and 580 g in + 3.3  2.2 of 1.1)}]
grams. (iii) 6.5[3.5 {14.5 – (2.8 – 3.5  0.7 )}]
Q.46 Find the perimeter of a square if each side of (iv) 1.5{3.9 – (4.5 – 3.2 × 0.5)}
length is 4.4 cm. Give your answer in metres. (v) 6.5 [2.4 + (1.5 + 7.2)]

Q.47 Find in kilograms, the total mass of a bag of

flour of mass 2.5 kg, a jar of jam of mass 360 g
and a packet of rice of mass 400 g.

Q.48 While helping father put in a new driveway,

Shyam carried 14 bags of sand from the garage
to the cement mixer. If each bag weighed
1
25 kg , what was the total weight of all the
4
sand that Shyam carried ?

Q.49 A mail train travels from Delhi to Chennai in

1
2 days. A jet plane makes the trip from Delhi
2
to Chennai in 5 hours. How many hours longer
does the train take to make this trip ?

1
Q.50 Mother had 2 cups of ice cream left in the
2
refrigerator. She decided to serve it to Priyanka
and her 3 friends. If she divided the ice cream
equally, how much would each child get ?

1
Q.51 Shahina has a 7 metres long ribbon. How
2
1
many 1 metres long pieces can she cut from
2
the ribbon ?
 ANSWER KEY
14805 93
1. 76 minutes or 1 Hour 16 minutes 2. kg 3. litre
4 98
1 1 35
4. 117 minutes or 1 Hour 57 minutes 5. 118 g 6. 12 km; km
2 8 97
1 13
7. (i) T (ii) T (iii) F 8. (i) (ii)
5 15
9. (i) seven point two six (ii) Two hundred forty seven point eight nine three
(iii) Two hundred forty point zero zero four (iv) Nine point zero zero seven
10. (i) – 2.444 (ii) –16.767
11. 2.6 cm 12. 22.6 cm 13. 15.23 cm
14. j 459.85 15. (i) 20.592 (ii) 3.21 (iii) 11.39661
16. (i) 484.864 (ii) 0 (iii) 1170.18
17. (i) 24.5 (ii) 72 (iii) 1925
18. (i) 1000 (ii) 1000 (iii) 100
19. (i) 6.216 (ii) 0.2457 (iii) 24.07
20. (i) 69.43, 694.3, 6943 (ii) 760.01, 7600.1, 76001 (iii) 0.029, 0.29, 2.9
2
21. (i) 205.0624 cm (ii) 57.28 cm
22. 65.4 cm 23. 22.6067 24. 15.048 25. j 49.30
26. 15.750   27. j 1525 28. j 404.25
29. (i) 0.24 (ii) 0.15 (iii) 1.108
30. (i) 9.801 (ii) 0.03224 (iii) 3.004
31. (i) 100 (ii) 100 (iii) 1000
32. (i) 0.112 (ii) 78
33. (i) 104.3015 (ii) 35.6
34. (i) 0.3 (ii) 400 (iii) 4.8
35. 0.3768 kg 36. j 12.72 37. j 1152.55 38. j 29.75
39. 61.14 cm 40. 11.05 41. j 17.93 each
42. (i) 4500 m (ii) 0.63 m (iii) 0.08 m (iv) 0.004 m (v) 16.9 m (vi) 235 m
43. (i) 4.23  (ii) 0.2352  (iii) 123  (iv) 3425  (v) 2312  (vi) 0.686 
44. 12.50 m 45. 2850 g 46. 0.176 m 47. 3.26 kg
1 5
48. 353 kg 49. 55 hours 50. cups 51. 5 ribbons
2 8
52. 40 km 53. 32.47 cm
54. (i) 5.885 (ii) –2.43 (iii) 379.925 (iv) 1.5 (v) 72.15