Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
Regional Office IX, Zamboanga Peninsula

11 Zest for Progress

Z Peal of artnership

BASIC CALCULUS
4th QUARTER – Module 2:
ANTIDERIVATIVES OF ALGEBRAIC
FUNCTIONS

Name of Learner: ___________________________

Grade & Section: ___________________________
Name of School: ___________________________
Mathematics – Grade 11
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 4 - Module 2: Antiderivatives of Algebraic Functions
First Edition, 2020
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Published by the Department of Education

Secretary: Leonor Magtolis Briones
Undersecretary: Diosdado M. San Antonio

Development Team of the Module

Writer: Armiña M. Alipon
Editors: Ronie F. Fidel, Ph. D.
Shirhan A. Biottong
Mercedita B. Tarog
Reviewers: EPS, Mathematics Vilma A. Brown, Ed. D.
Senior High School Teacher Deborah E. Bandahala, Ed. D.
Management Team: SDS Roy C. Tuballa, EMD, JD, CESO VI
ASDS Jay S. Montealto, CESO VI
ASDS Norma T. Francisco, DM, CESE
EPS Mathematics Vilma A. Brown, Ed. D.
EPS LRMS Aida F. Coyme, Ed. D.

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1
Introductory Message
This Self – Learning Module (SLM) is prepared so that you, our dear learners, can continue
your studies and learn while at home. Activities, questions, directions, exercises, and
discussions are carefully stated for you to understand each lesson.
Each SLM is composed of different parts. Each part shall guide you step-by-step as you
discover and understand the lesson prepared for you.
Pre-tests are provided to measure your prior knowledge on lessons in each SLM. This will tell
you if you can proceed on completing this module or if you need to ask your facilitator or your
teacher’s assistance for better understanding of the lesson. At the end of each module, you
need to answer the post-test to self-check your learning. Answer keys are provided for each
activity and test. We trust that you will be honest in using these.
In addition to the material in the main text, Notes to the Teacher are also provided to our
facilitators and parents for strategies and reminders on how they can best help you on your
home-based learning.
Please use this module with care. Do not put unnecessary marks on any part of this SLM. Use
a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises and tests. Read the instructions carefully
before performing each task.
If you have any questions in using this SLM or any difficulty in answering the tasks in this
module, do not hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator.
Thank you.

What I Need to Know

This module will introduce the idea of antiderivatives of a function and formalize
as indefinite integral. We assumed that you are already familiar with the following
elementary algebraic functions: polynomials, powers of x, trigonometric and
exponential functions, and can differentiate these and compute the antiderivatives.

After going through this module, you are expected to compute the general
antiderivative of polynomial, radical, exponential, and trigonometric functions
(STEM_BC11I-IVa-b-1).

2
 What I Know
Directions: Compute each indefinite integral. Choose the letter of the correct answer
and write it on a separate sheet of paper.

1. ∫ 𝑥 9 𝑑𝑥
1 1 1 1
a. 9 𝑥 9 + 𝐶 b. 𝑥9 − 𝐶 c. 𝑥 10 + 𝐶 d. 𝑥 10 + 𝐶
9 9 10

1
2. ∫ − 𝑥2 𝑑𝑥
1 1
a. +𝐶 b. − 𝑥 + 𝐶 c. x + 𝐶 d. 𝑥 2 + 𝐶
𝑥

3. ∫ −2 sec 𝑥 tan 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
a. −2 sin 𝑥 + 𝐶 b. −2 sec 𝑥 + 𝐶 c. −2 csc 𝑥 + 𝐶 d. −2 cot 𝑥 + 𝐶

3
4. ∫ 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
a. 3𝑒 𝑥 + 𝐶 b. ln|𝑥 | + 𝐶 c. 3 ln|𝑥 | + 𝐶 d. none of these

5. ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
a. 𝑒 𝑥 + 𝐶 b. ln|𝑥 | + 𝐶 c. −4𝑒 𝑥 + 𝐶 d. 3𝑥 + 𝐶

LESSON Antiderivatives of Algebraic

1 Functions

What’s In
ACTIVITY 1 ANTI DIFFERENTIATE ME!
1. Find the antiderivative of 𝑓(𝑥 ) = 4 − 𝑥.

2. Find the indefinite integral of ∫ 6𝑥 𝑑𝑥.

QUESTIONS:
1. What have you noticed in finding the antiderivative and indefinite integral?

2. Is there any similarity? Explain briefly.

3
 What’s New
ACTIVITY 2 ANTI DIFFERENTIATE ME AGAIN!
Directions: Determine the function which has the given function as its derivative.

1. ∫ 3𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥 2. ∫ 2 𝑑𝑥 3. ∫(−sin 𝑥) 𝑑𝑥

What is It

The process of antidifferentiation is just the inverse process of finding the

derivatives of functions. We have shown in the previous lesson that a function can
have a family of antiderivatives.

We will look at antiderivatives of different types of functions. Particularly, we will

find the antiderivatives of polynomials functions, rational functions and radical
functions.

A ANTIDERIVATIVES OF ALGEBRAIC FUNCTIONS

Let’s start by recalling some differentiation formulas.

1. 𝐷𝑥 (𝑥 ) = 1
2. 𝐷𝑥 (𝑥 𝑛 ) = 𝑛𝑥 𝑛−1 , where 𝑛 is any real number.
3. 𝐷𝑥 [𝑎(𝑓(𝑥 ))] = 𝑎𝐷𝑥 [𝑓 (𝑥 )].
4. 𝐷𝑥 [𝑓 (𝑥 ) ± 𝑔(𝑥 )] = 𝐷𝑥 [𝑓 (𝑥 )] ± 𝐷𝑥 [𝑔(𝑥 )].

The above formulas lead to the following theorems which are used in obtaining
the antiderivatives of functions. We apply them to integrate polynomials, rational
functions, and radical functions.

THEOREMS ON ANTIDIFFERENTIATION

THEOREM 1
∫ 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑥 + 𝐶.

4
 THEOREM 2
POWER RULE OF INTEGRALS.
𝐼𝑓 𝑛 𝑖𝑠 𝑎𝑛𝑦 𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑙 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑛 ≠ −1, 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛
𝑛
𝑥 𝑛+1
∫ 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = + 𝐶.
𝑛+1

THEOREM 3

CONSTANT MULTIPLE RULE.

𝐼𝑓 𝑎 𝑖𝑠 𝑎𝑛𝑦 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑓 𝑖𝑠 𝑎 𝑓𝑢𝑛𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 , 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛
න 𝑎 𝑓 (𝑥 ) 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑎 න 𝑓(𝑥 ) 𝑑𝑥.

THEOREM 4

SUM /DIFFERENCE RULE.

𝐼𝑓 𝑓 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑔 𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑓𝑢𝑛𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑠 𝑑𝑒𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑑 𝑜𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑎𝑚𝑒 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑣𝑎𝑙, 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛,
න[𝑓 (𝑥 ) ± 𝑔(𝑥 )]𝑑𝑥 = න 𝑓 (𝑥 ) 𝑑𝑥 ± න 𝑔(𝑥 ) 𝑑𝑥

Use the theorems on antidifferentiation to determine the antiderivatives of

functions below.

EXAMPLE 1 : ∫ 5 𝑑𝑥
SOLUTION : ∫ 5 𝑑𝑥 = 5 ∫ 𝑑𝑥 Theorem 3
∫ 𝟓 𝒅𝒙 = 𝟓𝒙 + 𝑪 Theorem 1

EXAMPLE 2 : ∫ 𝑥 7 𝑑𝑥
𝑥 7+1
SOLUTION : ∫ 𝑥 7 𝑑𝑥 = +𝐶 Theorem 2
7+1
𝒙𝟖
∫ 𝒙𝟕 𝒅𝒙 = +𝑪
𝟖

EXAMPLE 3 : ∫(6𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 + 3) 𝑑𝑥
SOLUTION : ∫(6𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 + 3) 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 6𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥 − ∫ 4𝑥𝑑𝑥 + ∫ 3𝑑𝑥 Theorem 4
2 2
∫(6𝑥 − 4𝑥 + 3) 𝑑𝑥 = 6 ∫ 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 − 4 ∫ 𝑥𝑑𝑥 + 3 ∫ 𝑑𝑥 Theorem 3
6𝑥 2+1 4𝑥 1+1
∫(6𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 + 3) 𝑑𝑥 = 2+1 − 1+1 + 3𝑥 + 𝐶 Theorem 2
6𝑥 3 4𝑥 2
∫(6𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 + 3) 𝑑𝑥 = 3 − 2 + 3𝑥 + 𝐶 Simplify
∫(𝟔𝒙𝟐 − 𝟒𝒙 + 𝟑) 𝒅𝒙 = 𝟐𝒙𝟑 − 𝟐𝒙𝟐 + 𝟑𝒙 + 𝑪

5
 B ANTIDERIVATIVES OF FUNCTION YIELDING
EXPONENTIAL AND LOGARITHMIC FUNCTIONS.
Let’s start by recalling some differentiation formulas.

1. 𝐷𝑥 (𝑒 𝑥 ) = 𝑒 𝑥
2. 𝐷𝑥 (𝑎 𝑥 ) = 𝑎 𝑥 ln 𝑎
1
3. 𝐷𝑥 (ln 𝑥 ) = 𝑥

THEOREMS ON ANTIDIFFERENTIATION

THEOREM 5
න 𝑒 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑒 𝑥 + 𝐶

THEOREM 6
𝑎𝑥
∫ 𝑎𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = ln 𝑎 + 𝐶. Here, 𝑎 > 0 with 𝑎 ≠ 1

THEOREM 7
1
න 𝑥 −1 𝑑𝑥 = න 𝑑𝑥 = ln|𝑥 | + 𝐶
𝑥

Use the theorems on antidifferentiation to determine the antiderivatives of

functions below.

EXAMPLE 4 : ∫ 3𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝟑𝒙
SOLUTION : ∫ 𝟑𝒙 𝒅𝒙 = +𝑪 Theorem 6
𝒍𝒏 𝟑

EXAMPLE 5 : ∫(𝑒 𝑥 + 2𝑥 ) 𝑑𝑥
SOLUTION : ∫(𝑒 𝑥 + 2𝑥 ) 𝑑𝑥 = ∫(𝑒 𝑥 ) 𝑑𝑥 + ∫(2𝑥 ) 𝑑𝑥
𝟐𝒙
∫(𝒆𝒙 + 𝟐𝒙 ) 𝒅𝒙 = 𝒆𝒙 + 𝐥𝐧 𝟐 + 𝑪. Theorem 5 & 6

EXAMPLE 6 : ∫ 3𝑥+1 𝑑𝑥
SOLUTION : ∫ 3𝑥+1 𝑑𝑥 = ∫(3𝑥 ) (31 )𝑑𝑥
∫ 3𝑥+1 𝑑𝑥 = 3 ∫(3𝑥 )𝑑𝑥 Theorem 6
𝟑𝒙
∫ 𝟑𝒙+𝟏 𝒅𝒙 = 𝟑 𝐥𝐧 𝟑
+𝑪

6
 2
EXAMPLE 7 : ∫
𝑥
𝑑𝑥
𝟐 𝟏
SOLUTION :∫ 𝒅𝒙 = 𝟐 ∫ 𝒙 𝒅𝒙 = 𝟐 𝐥𝐧|𝒙| + 𝑪 Theorem 7
𝒙

C ANTIDERIVATIVE OF TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS.

Let’s start by recalling some differentiation formulas.

𝐷𝑥 (sin 𝑥 ) = cos 𝑥 𝐷𝑥 (sec 𝑥 ) = sec 𝑥 tan 𝑥

𝐷𝑥 (cos 𝑥 ) = −sin 𝑥 𝐷𝑥 (cot 𝑥 ) = −𝑐𝑠𝑐 2 𝑥

𝐷𝑥 (tan 𝑥 ) = sec2 𝑥 𝐷𝑥 (csc 𝑥 ) = −cot x csc 𝑥

THEOREMS ON ANTIDIFFERENTIATION

THEOREM 8
න sin 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = − cos 𝑥 + 𝐶

THEOREM 9
න cos 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = sin 𝑥 + 𝐶

THEOREM 10
න 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = tan 𝑥 + 𝐶

THEOREM 11
න 𝑐𝑠𝑐 2 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = −cot 𝑥 + 𝐶

THEOREM 12
න sec 𝑥 tan 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = sec 𝑥 + 𝐶

THEOREM 13
න csc 𝑥 cot 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = −csc 𝑥 + 𝐶

Use the theorems on antidifferentiation to determine the antiderivatives of

functions below.

7
EXAMPLE 8 : ∫ 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
SOLUTION : ∫ 𝒔𝒆𝒄𝟐 𝒙 𝒅𝒙 = 𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝒙 + 𝑪 Theorem 1𝟢

EXAMPLE 9 : ∫(cos 𝑥 − sin 𝑥 ) 𝑑𝑥

SOLUTION : ∫(cos 𝑥 − sin 𝑥 ) 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ cos 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 − ∫ sin 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
∫(cos 𝑥 − sin 𝑥 ) 𝑑𝑥 = sin 𝑥 − (− cos 𝑥 ) + 𝐶 Theorem 8 & 9
∫(𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝒙 − 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒙 ) 𝒅𝒙 = 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒙 + 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝒙 + 𝑪

EXAMPLE 10 : ∫ 7 𝑠𝑖𝑛 (𝑥 ) 𝑑𝑥
SOLUTION : ∫ 𝟕 𝒔𝒊𝒏 (𝒙) 𝒅𝒙 = 𝟕 ∫ 𝒔𝒊𝒏 (𝒙) 𝒅𝒙
∫ 𝟕 𝒔𝒊𝒏 (𝒙) 𝒅𝒙 = −𝟕 𝐜𝐨𝐬(𝒙) + 𝑪 Theorem 8

EXAMPLE 11 : ∫ 𝑐𝑜𝑡 2 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
SOLUTION : ∫ 𝑐𝑜𝑡 2 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = ∫(𝑐𝑠𝑐 2 𝑥 − 1) 𝑑𝑥
∫ 𝑐𝑜𝑡 2 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 𝑐𝑠𝑐 2 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 − ∫ 𝑑𝑥
∫ 𝒄𝒐𝒕𝟐 𝒙 𝒅𝒙 − 𝒄𝒐𝒕𝟐 𝒙 − 𝒙 + 𝑪 Theorem 11

sin 𝑥
EXAMPLE 12 : ∫
𝑐𝑜𝑠2 𝑥
𝑑𝑥
sin 𝑥 sin 𝑥 1
SOLUTION :∫ 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ ∙ 𝑑𝑥
𝑐𝑜𝑠2 𝑥 cos 𝑥 cos 𝑥
sin 𝑥
∫ 𝑐𝑜𝑠2 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑥 𝑑𝑥 Theorem 12
𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒙
∫ 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟐 𝒙 𝒅𝒙 = 𝐬𝐞𝐜 𝒙 + 𝑪

What’s More
Directions: Match the functions in Column A with their corresponding antiderivatives
in Column B. Write the letter that corresponds to your answer on your answer sheet.

Column A Column B

1. ∫ 2𝑒 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 a. sin(4𝑥 ) + 𝐶
2. ∫ 4𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 b. 4 tan 𝑥 + 𝐶
−8
3. ∫ 𝑑𝑥 c. 6𝑥 + tan 𝑥 + 𝐶
𝑥
1
4. ∫ 4 cos(4𝑥 ) 𝑑𝑥 d. 𝑥 8 +C
2
5. ∫ sin 4𝑥 𝑑𝑥 e. 2𝑒 𝑥 + 𝐶
6. ∫(6 + 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2𝑥 ) 𝑑𝑥 f. −8 ln|𝑥 | + 𝐶
−1
7. ∫ 4𝑥 7 𝑑𝑥 g. cos 4𝑥 + 𝐶
4
8. ∫(9𝑥 2 − 6𝑥 ) 𝑑𝑥 h. 3𝑥 3 − 3𝑥 2 + 𝐶
i. -4 sin 𝑥 + 𝐶

8
 What I Have Learned

• In computing indefinite integrals, we write +𝐶. It signifies that you can add any
constant to the antiderivative 𝐹 (𝑥 ) to get another one, 𝐹 (𝑥 ) + 𝐶.
• Differentiation and antidifferentiation are reverse process, so each derivative rule
has a corresponding antidifferentiation rule.
• If the derivative of 𝐹 (𝑥 ) is 𝑓 (𝑥 ), then we say that an indefinite integral of 𝑓 (𝑥 ) with
respect to 𝑥 is 𝐹 (𝑥 ).

What I Can Do

Applications of anti-differentiation arise in problems in which we know the rate

of change of a function and want to find the function itself. Problems about motion
provide many examples, such as those in which the velocity of a moving object is
given, and we want to find its position at any time. Since velocity is rate of change of
displacement, we must anti-differentiate to find the displacement.

Directions: Answer the problem completely.

1. A stone is thrown upward from the top of a tower 50 meters high. Its velocity in an
upward direction 𝑡 second later is 20 − 5𝑡 meters per second. Find the height of the
stone above the ground 3 seconds later.

Assessment
Directions: Compute each indefinite integral. Choose the letter that corresponds to
your answer and write it on your answer sheet.

1. ∫ 3𝑦 5 𝑑𝑦
1
a. 5𝑦 + 𝐶 b. −2𝑦 + 𝐶 c. 𝑦6 + 𝐶 d. 3𝑦 3 + 𝐶
2

2. ∫(2𝑥 − 4𝑥 2 ) 𝑑𝑥
4 4
a. 𝑥 − 4 + 𝐶 b. −3𝑥 − 4𝑥 2 + 𝐶 c. 3 𝑥 + 𝐶 d. 𝑥 2 − 3
𝑥3 + 𝐶

9
3. ∫ sin 𝑢 𝑑𝑢
a. −sin 𝑢 + 𝐶 b.− cos 𝑢 + 𝐶 c. sin 𝑢 + 𝐶 d. 4 cos 𝑢 + 𝐶

4. ∫ 𝑦 2 ∙ 𝑦 𝑑𝑦
1 3
a. 4 𝑦 4 + 𝐶 b. 1 + 𝐶 c. 4 𝑦 2 + 𝐶 d. none of these

5. ∫ 𝜋 3 𝑑𝑥
𝜋4
a. 3𝜋 2 𝑥 + 𝐶 b. 𝟢 c. +𝐶 d. 𝜋 2
4

6. ∫(7 cos 𝑥 + 4𝑒 𝑥 )𝑑𝑥

a.−7 sin 𝑥 + 4𝑒 𝑥 + 𝐶 c. 7 sin 𝑥 + 𝐶
b. 7 sin 𝑥 + 4𝑒 𝑥 + 𝐶 d. sin 𝑥 + 4𝑥

3
7. ∫ (5√𝑦 − ) 𝑑𝑦
√𝑦
1𝟢
a. 𝑦 3/2 − 6𝑦 1/2 + 𝐶 c. 2𝑦 1/2 + 𝐶
3
b. 5𝑦 3/2 + 6𝑦 1/2 + 𝐶 d. 3𝑦 3/2 + 𝐶
𝑥
8. ∫ 9𝑒 4 𝑑𝑥
𝑥 𝑥
a. 36𝑒 𝑥 + 𝐶 b. 𝑒 4 + 𝐶 c. 36𝑒 4𝑥 + 𝐶 d.36𝑒 4 + 𝐶

9. ∫ 3𝑒 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
a. 3𝑒 𝑥 + 𝐶 b. 𝑒 𝑥 + 𝐶 c. 3 ln|𝑥 | + 𝐶 d. 5𝑥 + 𝐶

1𝟢. ∫ 5𝑥 −1 𝑑𝑥
a. 2𝑥 + 𝐶 b. 6𝑥 + 𝐶 c. 5 ln|𝑥 | + 𝐶 d. none of these

Additional Activities
Directions: Compute each integral and find the answer inside the box. Write only the
letter of your answer on your answer sheet.

1. ∫(4𝑥 + 3)𝑑𝑥 6. ∫(3𝑥 −2 + 4𝑥 −3 )𝑑𝑥

3
2. ∫(4𝑥 2 − 8𝑥 + 1)𝑑𝑥 7. ∫ 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
1
3. ∫(9𝑡 2 − 4𝑡 + 3)𝑑𝑡 8. ∫ − 5 sin 𝑢 𝑑𝑢
4. ∫(2𝑡 3 − 𝑡 2 + 3𝑡 − 7)𝑑𝑡 9. ∫(2 sin 𝑥 + 3 cos 𝑥 )𝑑𝑥
1 3
5. ∫ (𝑧 3 − 𝑧 2 ) 𝑑𝑧 1𝟢. ∫ 4𝑒 −7𝑥

10
 4 4
a. − 7 𝑒 −7𝑥 f. 3 𝑥 3 − 4𝑥 2 + 𝑥 + 𝐶
b. 2𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 + 𝐶 g. 3𝑡 3 − 2𝑡 2 + 3𝑡 + 𝐶
1 1 3𝑡 2 1
c. 2 𝑡 4 − 3 𝑡 3 + − 7𝑡 + 𝐶 h. 2 𝑧 −2 + 3𝑧 −1 + 𝐶
2
1 3 2
d. cos 𝑢 + 𝐶 i. − − +𝐶
5 𝑥 𝑥2
e. −2 cos 𝑥 + 3 sin 𝑥 + 𝐶 j. 3 ln 𝑥 + 𝐶
k. 𝑥 3 − 𝑥 2 + 𝑥 + 𝐶

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