BASIC CALCULUS 11

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Quarter: 4 Week: 3 MELC: Illustrates an antiderivative of a function.

STEM_BC11I-IVa-1

⮚ Title of Textbook/LM to Study: Basic Calculus Learner’s Material

⮚ Chapter: 3 Pages: 225-226 Topic: Antiderivative of a function
⮚ Objective: To find the antiderivative of a function.

Let Us Discover

This Simplified Self-Learning Module (SSLM) will help you understand how to
illustrate an antiderivative of a function.

Definition 5. A function 𝑭 is an antiderivative of the function f on an interval I if 𝐹’(𝑥) =

𝑓(𝑥) for every value of 𝑥 in 𝐼.

Theorem 10: If 𝑭 is an antiderivative of 𝑓 on an interval 𝑰, then every antiderivative

of 𝒇 on 𝑰 is given by 𝑭(𝒙) + 𝑪, where 𝑪 is an arbitrary constant.

Terminologies and Notations:

⮚ Antidifferentation is the process of finding the antiderivative.
⮚ The symbol ʃ, also called the integral sign, denotes the operation of
antiderivative. The function 𝒇 is also called the integrand.

⦿ If 𝑭 is an antiderivative of 𝒇, we write ∫ 𝑓(𝑥)𝑑𝑥 = 𝑭(𝑥) + 𝑪

⦿ The symbol ʃ and 𝒅𝒙 go hand in hand and 𝒅𝒙 helps us identify the variable of
integration.
⦿ The expression 𝑭(𝑥) + 𝑪 is called general derivative of 𝒇.
⦿ Meanwhile, each antiderivative of 𝒇 is called a particular antiderivative of 𝒇.

GSC-CID-LRMS-ESSLM, v.r. 02.00, Effective April 21, 2021

 A given function 𝑓 has an antiderivative 𝐹 if 𝐹’(𝑥) = 𝑓(𝑥) for all 𝑥 in the domain
of 𝑓.
Let 𝑃(𝑥) be the polynomial.
𝑃(𝑥) = axn xn+ an-1nn-1+ …+ a1 x+ a0

Then the antiderivative of 𝑝(𝑥), denoted by 𝑃(𝑥), is

𝑥 𝑛+1 𝑥𝑛 𝑥2
𝑃(𝑥) = an 𝑛+1 + an-1 + …. + a1 2 + a0 x + 𝐶
𝑛

where 𝐶 is a number which may have any value.

IMPORTANT CASE:
If 𝑝(𝑥) = xn, then the antiderivative 𝑃(𝑥) is given by
𝑥 𝑛+1
𝑃(𝑥) = +𝐶, where 𝐶 is arbitrary constant.
𝑛+1

Antidifferentiation is the process of finding the set of all antiderivatives of

given function. The symbol ʃ denotes the operation of antiderivation, and we write

∫ 𝑓(𝑥)𝑑𝑥 = 𝑭(𝑥) + 𝑪 (1) where,

𝑭’(𝒙) = 𝒇(𝑥) and
𝒅(𝑭(𝒙)) = 𝒇(𝑥)𝑑𝑥 (2)
∫ 𝑑(𝑓(𝑥))𝑑𝑥 = 𝐅(𝑥) + 𝐂 is any constant.

In this definition the ʃ is called the integral symbol, f(𝑥) is called

the integrand, x is called the integration variable and the “c” is called the constant of
integration.

Other Properties for Antiderivatives

1. ∫ 𝑑𝑢 = 𝑢 + 𝐶
2. ∫ (u + v)dx = ∫ 𝑢𝑑𝑥 + ∫ 𝑣𝑑𝑥
3. ∫ 𝑎𝑢𝑑𝑥 = 𝑎 ∫ 𝑢𝑑𝑥
𝑢𝑛+1
4. ∫ 𝑢𝑛 𝑑𝑥 = + 𝐶, n ≠ -1
𝑛+1
𝑑𝑢
5. ∫ = 𝐼𝑛|𝑢| + 𝐶
𝑢

ILLUSTRATION:
Examples: Find the antiderivative of the function.
1. 𝒇(𝑥) = 16𝑥 3 + 3

GSC-CID-LRMS-ESSLM, v.r. 02.00, Effective April 21, 2021

 𝑑𝑦
= 16𝑥 3 + 3
𝑑𝑥
dy = (16𝑥 3 + 3) dx

∫ 𝑑𝑦 = ∫ (16𝑥 3 + 3)𝑑𝑥

∫ 𝑑𝑦 = 16 ∫ 𝑥 3 𝑑𝑥 + 3 ∫ 𝑑𝑥

𝑥 𝑛+1 𝑥𝑛 𝑥2
F(x) = y = an 𝑛+1 + an-1 + …. + a1 2 + a0 x + C
𝑛

𝑥 3+1
y = 16 +3x+C
3+1

𝑥4
y = 16 +3x+C
4

y = 4𝑥 4 + 3𝑥 + 𝐶
2. f(𝑥) = x1/3 – 2x2
1
+1
𝑥3 𝑥 2+1
F(x) = 1 -2 +𝐶
+1 2+1
3

4
𝑥3 𝑥3
F(x) = 4 −2 +𝐶
3
3

4
𝑥3 𝑥3
F(x) = 3 −2 +𝐶
4 3

Let Us Try

Fill in the missing part to find the antiderivative of the following functions:
1. f(x) = x1/7 – x2/3
1 2
+1 +1
𝑥7 𝑥3
F(x) = 1 - ? + ___
+1 +1

? ?
? 3
F(X) = 8
𝑥 - ?𝑥
7 3+ C

2. f(x) = x4 -2x2 +7x -6

𝑥 ___+1 𝑥 2+1 𝑥 1+1 𝑥 0+1
F(x) = 4+___ - __ ___+1 + __ ___+1 – 6 ___+1 + C

𝑥 𝑥? 𝑥? 𝑥?
F(x) = - __ + __ - __ +C
3 2 1

GSC-CID-LRMS-ESSLM, v.r. 02.00, Effective April 21, 2021

 𝑥 𝑥? 𝑥?
F(x) = - __ + __ - __ 𝑥 ? + C
3 2

Let Us Do

Matching Type. Match the functions in Column A with their corresponding

antiderivatives in Column B.
Column A Column B
𝑥 4/3 𝑥 5/3 𝑥3
1. f(x) = x4 – x2 a. F(x) = 3 + 18 + +𝐶
4 5 3

2. f(x) = x1/3+ 6x2/3+ x2 b. F(x) = x3( x+1) ½ + c

1 𝑥5 𝑥3
3. f(x) = 2 x3 (x+1)-1/2 + 3x2 (x+1)1/2 c. F(x) = − +𝐶
5 3
2𝑥 3 7𝑥 2
4. f(x) = x1/7 – x2/3 + sin x d. F(x) = − − 6𝑥 + 𝐶
3 2
8 5
7 3
5. f(x) = 2x2 -7x -6 e. F(x) = 𝑥 7 − 5 𝑥 3 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 + 𝐶
8

Let Us Apply

Marvin is walking at the Curve Plaza. If the curve passes through the point
(1,7) in (𝑥, 𝑦) coordinates and the slope of the curve at the point (𝑥, 𝑦) is given by (5 −
2𝑥). Find the equation of the curve using antiderivative of the function.

References
Basic Calculus Learner’s Material Pages 225-226
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GSC-CID-LRMS-ESSLM, v.r. 02.00, Effective April 21, 2021