Paddington Academy

AS LEVEL CHEMISTRY

ASSESSMENT POINT 2

PAPER 1 - TOPICS 1 AND 3

Answer all questions

Max 80 marks

Name ……………………………………………………………..

Mark ……../80 ……....% Grade ………

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1. (a) Define the term relative atomic mass.

An organic fertiliser was analysed using a mass spectrometer. The spectrum showed that
the nitrogen in the fertiliser was made up of 95.12% N and 4.88% N 14 15

Calculate the relative atomic mass of the nitrogen found in this organic fertiliser.
Give your answer to two decimal places.

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(4)

(b) In a mass spectrometer, under the same conditions, N and N ions travel at different 14 + 15 +

speeds. State the property of these ions that causes them to travel at different speeds.

State one change in the operation of the mass spectrometer that will change the speed of
an ion.

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(2)

(c) Organic fertilisers contain a higher proportion of N atoms than are found in synthetic
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fertilisers.

State and explain whether or not you would expect the chemical reactions of the nitrogen
compounds in the synthetic fertiliser to be different from those in the organic fertiliser.
Assume that the nitrogen compounds in each fertiliser are the same.

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(2)
(Total 8 marks)

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2. (a) In 1963, krypton was found to react with fluorine. State why this discovery was
unexpected.

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(1)

(b) Use a suitable model of atomic structure to explain the following experimental observations.

(i) The first ionisation energy of krypton is greater than that of bromine.

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(ii) The first ionisation energy of aluminium is less than the first ionisation energy of
magnesium.

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(4)
(Total 5 marks)

3. Use the Periodic Table and your knowledge of electron arrangement to write the formula of
lithium nitride.

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(1)
(Total 1 mark)

4. Predict whether an atom of Sr will have an atomic radius that is larger than, smaller than or the
88

same as the atomic radius of Rb. Explain your answer.

87

Atomic radius of Sr compared to Rb .........................................................

88 87

Explanation ....................................................................................................

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(3)
(Total 3 marks)

5. (a) Explain why sodium has a lower melting point than magnesium.

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(3)

(b) Sodium reacts with ammonia to form the compound NaNH which contains the NH ion. 2 2
–

Draw the shape of the NH ion, including any lone pairs of electrons.
2
–

Name the shape made by the three atoms in the NH ion. 2

–

Shape of NH 2
–

Name of shape ............................................................................................

(2)

(c) In terms of its electronic configuration, give one reason why neon does not form
compounds with sodium.

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(1)
(Total 6 marks)

6. There are several types of crystal structure and bonding shown by elements and compounds.

(a) (i) Name the type of bonding in the element sodium.

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(1)

(ii) Use your knowledge of structure and bonding to draw a diagram that shows how the
particles are arranged in a crystal of sodium.
You should identify the particles and show a minimum of six particles in a two-
dimensional diagram.

(2)

(b) Sodium reacts with chlorine to form sodium chloride.

(i) Name the type of bonding in sodium chloride.

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(1)

(ii) Explain why the melting point of sodium chloride is high.

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(c) The table below shows the melting points of some sodium halides.

NaCl NaBr NaI

Melting point /K 1074 1020 920

Suggest why the melting point of sodium iodide is lower than the melting point of sodium
bromide.

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(1)
(Total 7 marks)

7. (a) (i) Complete the electronic configuration of aluminium.

1s .......................................................................................................
2

(ii) State the block in the Periodic Table to which aluminium belongs.

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(2)

(b) Describe the bonding in metals.

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(c) Explain why the melting point of magnesium is higher than that of sodium.

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(3)

(d) Explain how metals conduct electricity.

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(2)
(Total 9 marks)

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8. A molecule of ClF reacts with a molecule of AsF as shown in the following equation.
3 5

ClF + AsF → ClF + AsF

3 5 2
+
6
–

Use your understanding of electron pair repulsion to draw the shape of the AsF molecule and 5

the shape of the ClF ion. Include any lone pairs of electrons.
2
+

Name the shape made by the atoms in the AsF molecule and in the ClF ion. 5 2
+

Predict the bond angle in the ClF ion. 2

+

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(Total 5 marks)

9. (a) Name the strongest type of intermolecular force between hydrogen fluoride molecules and
draw a diagram to illustrate how two molecules of HF are attracted to each other.
In your diagram show all lone pairs of electrons and any partial charges. Explain the origin
of these charges.
Suggest why this strong intermolecular force is not present between HI molecules.

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(7)

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(b) Crystals of sodium chloride and of diamond both have giant structures. Their melting
points are 1074 K and 3827 K, respectively. State the type of structure present in each
case and explain why the melting point of diamond is so high.

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(4)
(Total 11 marks)

10. (a) An ammonium ion, made by the reaction between an ammonia molecule and a hydrogen
ion, can be represented as shown in the diagram below.

(i) Name the type of bond represented in the diagram by N—H

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(ii) Name the type of bond represented in the diagram by N→H

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(iii) In terms of electrons, explain why an arrow is used to represent this N→H bond.

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(iv) In terms of electron pairs, explain why the bond angles in the NH ion are all 109° 4
+

28’

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(7)

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(b) Define the term electronegativity.

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(2)

(c) A bond between nitrogen and hydrogen can be represented as —

(i) In this representation, what is the meaning of the symbol δ+ ?

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(ii) From this bond representation, what can be deduced about the electronegativity of
hydrogen relative to that of nitrogen?

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(2)
(Total 11 marks)

11. The following table gives the melting points of some elements in Period 3.

Element Na Al Si P S

Melting point / K 371 933 1680 317 392

(a) State the type of structure shown by a crystal of silicon.

Explain why the melting point of silicon is very high.

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(3)

(b) State the type of structure shown by crystals of sulfur and phosphorus.
Explain why the melting point of sulfur is higher than the melting point of phosphorus.

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(3)

(c) Draw a diagram to show how the particles are arranged in aluminium and explain why
aluminium is malleable.
(You should show a minimum of six aluminium particles arranged in two dimensions.)

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(3)
(Total 9 marks)

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12. In 2009 a new material called graphane was discovered. The diagram shows part of a model of
the structure of graphane. Each carbon atom is bonded to three other carbon atoms and to one
hydrogen atom.

(a) Deduce the type of crystal structure shown by graphane.

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(1)

(b) State how two carbon atoms form a carbon–carbon bond in graphane.

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(c) Suggest why graphane does not conduct electricity.

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(1)

(d) Deduce the empirical formula of graphane.

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(1)
(Total 4 marks)

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13. Which one of the following is the most likely value for the bond angle α shown in the diagram of
SF4 below?

A 118°

B 101°

C 90°

D 88°
(Total 1 mark)

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