1210612024, 21:16 Piping - Wikipedia +O) WixirepiA J the Free Encyclopedia Piping Within industry, piping is a system of pipes used to convey fluids (liquids and gases) from one location to another. The engineering discipline of piping design studies the efficient transport of fluid.) Industrial process piping (and accompanying in-line components) can be manufactured from wood, fiberglass, glass, steel, aluminum, plastic, copper, and concrete. The in-line components, known as fittings,!9! valves, and other devices, typically sense and control the pressure, flow rate and temperature of the transmitted fluid, and usually are included in the field of piping design (or piping engineering), though the sensors and automatic controlling devices may alternatively be treated as part of instrumentation and control design. Piping systems are documented in Large-scale piping system piping and instrumentation diagrams (P&IDs). If necessary, pipes ean be pyac mee cleaned by the tube cleaning process. ‘oom Piping sometimes refers to piping design, the detailed specification of the physical piping layout within a process plant or commercial building. In earlier days, this was sometimes called drafting, technical drawing, engineering drawing, and design, but is today commonly performed by designers that have learned to use automated computer-aided drawing or computer-aided design (CAD) software. Plumbing is a piping system with which most people are familiar, as it constitutes the form of fluid transportation that is used to provide potable water and fuels to their homes and businesses. Plumbing pipes also remove waste in the form of sewage, and allow venting of sewage gases to the outdoors. Fire sprinkler systems also use piping, and may transport nonpotable or potable water, or other fire-suppression fluids. Piping also has many other industrial applications, which are crucial for moving raw and semi- processed fluids for refining into more useful products. Some of the more exotic materials used in pipe construction are Inconel, titanium, chrome-moly and various other steel alloys. Engineering sub-fields Generally, industrial piping engineering has three major sub-fields: = Piping material = Piping design = Stress analysis Stress analysis Hitpsen wikipedia orgwikiPiping 8‘2982024, 21:16 Piping - Wikipedia Process piping and power piping are typically checked by pipe stress engineers to verify that the routing, nozzle loads, hangers, and supports are properly placed and selected such that allowable pipe stress is not exceeded under different loads such as sustained loads, operating loads, pressure testing loads, etc., as stipulated by the ASME B31, EN 13480, GOST 32388, RD 10-249 or any other applicable codes and standards. It is necessary to evaluate the mechanical behavior of the piping under regular loads (internal pressure and thermal str as well under occasional and intermittent loading cases such as earthquake, high wind or special vibration, and water hammer.!41[51 This evaluation is usually performed with the assistance of a specialized (finite element) pipe stress analysis computer programs such as AutoPIPE,!°] CAEPIPE,|7/ CAESAR, PASS/START-PROF, 2! or ROHR2,01 In cryogenic pipe supports, most steel become more brittle as the temperature decreases from normal operating conditions, so it is necessary to know the temperature distribution for cryogenic conditions. Steel structures will have areas of high stress that may be caused by sharp corners in the design, or inclusions in the material." Materials The material with which a pipe is manufactured often forms as the basis for choosing any pipe. Materials that are used for manufacturing pipes include: = Carbon steel = ASTM A252 Spec Grade 1, Grade 2, Grade 3 Steel Pile Pipe = Plastic piping, e.g. HDPE pipe, PE-X pipe, PP-R pipe or LDPE pipe! = Low temperature service carbon steel = Stainless stee! = Nonferrous metals, e.g. cupro-nickel, tantalum lined, etc = Nonmetallic, e.g. tempered glass, Teflon lined, PVC, etc. [12] History Early wooden pipes were constructed out of logs that had a large hole bored lengthwise through the center.3] Later wooden pipes were constructed with staves and hoops similar to wooden barrel construction. Stave pipes have the advantage that they are easily transported as a compact pile of parts on a wagon and then assembled as a hollow structure at the job site. Wooden pipes were especially popular in mountain regions where transport of heavy iron or concrete pipes would have been difficult. Wooden pipes were easier to maintain than metal, because the wood did not expand or contract with temperature changes as much as metal and so consequently expansion joints and bends were not required. The thickness of wood afforded some insulating properties to the pipes which helped prevent freezing as compared to metal pipes. Wood used for water pipes also does not rot very easily. Electrolysis does not affect wood pipes at all, since wood is a much better electrical insulator. Hitpsifen wikipedia orgwikiPiping 26rapez024, 2:16 Piping Wines In the Western United States where redwood was used for pipe construction, it was found that redwood had "peculiar properties" that protected it from weathering, acids, insects, and fungus growths. Redwood pipes stayed smooth and clean indefinitely while iron pipe by comparison would rapidly begin to scale and corrode and could eventually plug itself up with the corrosion./"4) Standards ‘There are certain standard codes that need to be followed while designing or manufacturing any piping system. Organizations that promulgate piping standards include: = ASME - The American Society of Mechanical Engineers — B31 series = ASME B31.1 Power piping (steam piping etc.) = ASME B31.3 Process piping = ASME B31.4 Pipeline Transportation Systems for Liquid Hydrocarbons and Other Liquids and oil and gas = ASME B31.5 Refrigeration piping and heat transfer components = ASME B31.8 Gas transmission and distribution piping systems = ASME B31.9 Building services piping = ASME B31.11 Slurry Transportation Piping Systems (Withdrawn, Superseded by B31.4) = ASME B31.12 Hydrogen Piping and Pipelines = ASTM — American Society for Testing and Materials = ASTM A252 Standard Specification for Welded and Seamless Steel Pipe Piles!'5) = API —American Petroleum Institute = API5L Petroleum and natural gas industries—Steel pipe for pipeline transportation systems!"6) = CWB — Canadian Welding Bureau = EN 13480 - European metallic industrial piping code = EN 13480-1 Metallic industrial piping — Part 1: General = EN 13480-2 Metallic industrial piping - Part 2: Materials = EN 13480-3 Metallic industrial piping — Part 3: Design and calculation Ukraine, Olbia, elements of water pipes, the beginning of our era, Mykolayiv Regional Museum of Local History Stacking of a connected pipeline for transportation of oll products = EN 13480~4 Metallic industrial piping — Part 4: Fabrication and installation = EN 13480-5 Metallic industrial piping - Part 5: Inspection and testing = EN 13480-6 Metallic industrial piping — Part 6: Additional requirements for buried piping = PD TR 13480-7 Metallic industrial piping - Part 7: Guidance on the use of conformity assessment procedures = EN 13480-8 Metallic industrial piping — Part 8: Additional requirements for aluminium and aluminium alloy piping = EN 13941 District heating pipes Intps:ifen.wkipedia. oraiwikiPiping 36210612024, 21:16 Piping - Wikipedia = GOST, RD, SNIP, SP — Russian piping codes = RD 10-249 Power Piping = GOST 32388 Process Piping, HDPE Piping = SNIP 2.05.06-85 & SP 36.13330.2012 Gas and Oil transmission piping systems = GOST R 55990-2014 & SP 284.1325800.2016 Field pipelines = SP 33.13330.2012 Steel Pipelines = GOST R 55596-2013 District heating networks = EN 1993-4-3 Eurocode 3 — Design of steel structures — Part 4-3: Pipelines = AWS — American Welding Society = AWWA- American Water Works Association = MSS — Manufacturers’ Standardization Society = ANSI - American National Standards Institute = NFPA- National Fire Protection Association = EJMA- Expansion Joint Manufacturers Association « Intro to pipe stress — htips:/iweb archive orghweb/20161008161619/http://oakridgebellows.com/metal-expansion- joints/metal-expansion-joints-in-one-minute/part-1-thermal-growth%26#x20 (https:/iweb.archive.or glweb/20161008 16164 9/http://oakridgebellows.com/metal-expansion-joints/metal-expansion-joints -in-one-minute/part-1-thermal-growth%26#x20;(one) (one minute) See also = Drainage = Firestop = Gasket = HDPE pipe = Hydraulic machinery = Hydrogen piping = Hydrostatic test = MS Pipe, MS Tube = Pipe Cutting = Pipefitter = Pipe network analysis = Pipe marking = Pipe support = Piping and plumbing fitting = Coupling (piping) = Double-walled pipe = Elbow (piping) = Nipple (plumbing) = Pipe cap = Street elbow = Union (plumbing) = Valve = Victaulic Hitpsifen wikipedia orgwikiPiping1210612024, 21:16 Piping - Wikipedia Pipeline pre-commissioning Plastic pipework Plastic Pressure Pipe Systems Plumbing Riser clamp Thermal insulation References itors: Perry, R.H. and Green, D.W, (1984). Perry's Chemical Engineers’ Handbook (6th ed.). McGraw-Hill Book Company. ISBN 0-07-049479-7. {{cite book}}: |author= has generic name (help) Editor: McKetta, John J. (1992). Piping Design Handbook. Marcel Dekker, Inc. ISBN 0-8247-8570- 3. {{cite book}}: | author= has generic name (help) . "Pipe fitting manufacturer” (https:/Avww.yaang.com/). Yaang. Archived (https:/iweb.archive.orgiwe b/20160227001430/http:/www.yaang,com/) from the original on 27 February 2016. Retrieved 6 March 2016, . [1] (http://catalog.asme.org/books/PrintBook/Process_Piping_Complete_Guide.cim) Archived (http s:/iweb.archive.orgiweb/20060529120337 http://catalog.asme.org/books/PrintB0ok/Process_Pipin g_Complete_Guide.cim) 29 May 2006 at the Wayback Machine Power Piping: ASME B31.1 (https://web.archive.org/web/200605262229211/http://catalog.asme.or g/Codes/PrintBook/B311_2004_Power_Piping.cim) . "Piping Design And Pipe Stress Analysis Software - AutoPIPE" (https://www.bentley.com/en/produ cts/product-line/pipe-stress-and-vessel-analysis-software/autopipe). bentiey.com. Archived (http s:/iweb archive.orgiweb/20161109164900/https://www. bentley. com/en/products/product-line/pipe- stress-and-vessel-analysis-software/autopipe) from the original on 9 November 2016. Retrieved 22 December 2017. . "SST Systems, Inc. | CAEPIPE: Fast - Efficient Pipe Stress Analysis" (http:/;www.sstusa.com/cae pipe.php). Archived (https://web archive. orgiweb/20100129174331 /hitp:/www.sstusa.com/caepip e.php) from the original on 29 January 2010. Retrieved 27 September 2010. “Intergraph CAESAR II — Pipe Stress Analysis" (https://web.archive.org/web/20150502134547/htt pilwww.coade.com/products/caesarii/Summary). coade.com. Archived from the original (http:/Aww w.coade.com/products/caesarii/Summary) on 2 May 2015. Retrieved 4 June 2015 . "PASS/START-PROF — Pipe Stress Analysis" (https://passuite.comistart). passuite.com. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20190108200817/http://passuite.com/start) from the original on 8 January 2019. Retrieved 1 March 2019. 10. "SIGMA/ROHR2 - Pipe Stress Analysis Software" (https://www.rohr2.com/en/rohr2-basics.htm!). rohr2.com. Archived (https://web archive.orgiweb/20210412114245/https://www.rohr2.com/en/rohr 2-basics.html) from the original on 12 April 2021. Retrieved 16 February 2022. Temperature & Stress Analysis (http://www pipingtech.com/technical/pdf/tempstress-cryoshoes.pd f) Archived (https://web.archive.orgiweb/2014022204 1202/http:/mww.pipingtech.com/technical/pd fitempstress-cryoshoes pdf) 22 February 2014 at the Wayback Machine Piping Technology and Products, (retrieved February 2012) 12. "What is HDPE Pipe?" (https://www_acu-tech.com.au/hdpe-pipe/). Acu-Tech Piping Systems. Retrieved 20 March 2019. Hitpsifen wikipedia orgwikiPiping 86210612024, 21:16 Piping - Wikipedia 13. "BBC ~A History of the World — Object : wooden water pipe" (https://www.bbc.co.uk/ahistoryofthe world/objects/ig-zKEOETBSw4I80_RH25A). BBC. Archived (https://web archive.orgiweb/2016050 7123636/http://www.bbc.co.uk/ahistoryoftheworld/objects/ig-zKEOE TBSw4180_RHz5A) from the original on 7 May 2016. Retrieved 10 March 2016 14. "Piping water through miles of Redwood” (https://books. google.com/books?7id=EikKDAAAAMBAJ&p g=PA74). Popular Science: 74. December 1918. Archived (https://web.archive. orgiweb/20171228 2107110/https://books. google.com/books?id=EikDAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA74) from the original on 28 December 2017. 15. H. "ASTM A252 Pipe Pile" (http://www hysteelpipe. com/astm-a252-piling-pipe/a252-grade-3-stee!- pipe-pile/). China Huayang Stee! Pipe. Archived (https://web archive.orgiveb/20141016033947/htt p:lwww-hysteelpipe.com/astm-a252-piling-pipe/a252-grade-3-steel-pipe-pile/) from the original on 16 October 2014. 16. "API SL Specification Line Pipe (1) - API Terms and Definitions" (http://www-hysteelpipe.com/pipe- standards/api-5I-specification-line-pipe-1-api-terms-and-definitions-part-2/). China Huayang Stee! Pipe. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20141016035952/http:/;www.hysteelpipe.com/pipe-st andards/api-5|-specification-line-pipe-1-api-terms-and-definitions-part-2/) from the original on 16 October 2014. Further reading = ASME B31.3 Process Piping Guide, Revision 2 (http://engstandards.lanl.gov/esm/pressure_safet ylprocess_piping_guide_R2.pdf) from Los Alamos National Laboratory Engineering Standards Manual OST220-03-01-ESM = Seismic Design and Retrofit of Piping Systems, July 2002 (https:/iweb.archive.org/web/20170226 050511 /http:/www.americanlifelinesalliance.org/pdf/Seismic_Design_and_Retrofit_of_Piping Syst ems.pdf) from American Lifelines Alliance website = Engineering and Design, Liquid Process Piping. Engineer manual, entire document (https://web.ar chive.orgiweb/20130222182143/http://publications.usace.army.mil/publications/eng-manuals/EM_ 1110-1-4008_sec/EM_1110-1-4008. pdf « (index page) (https://web.archive.orgiweb/20130210024 919/http://publications.usace.army.mil/publications/eng-manuals/EM_1110-1-4008_secitoc.htm) + U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, EM 1110-1-4008, May 1999 = Integral Principals of The Structural Dynamics of Flow By L G Claret External links = Building services piping links (https://curlie.org//Construction_and_Maintenance/Materials_and_S upplies/Mechanical/Building Services Piping/) at Curlie Retrieved from "hitps://en.wikipedia.org/wlindex.phptitle=Piping&oldid= 1215910142" Hitpsifen wikipedia orgwikiPiping 66