Department of Education

5 National Capital Region

SCHOOLS DIVISION OFFICE
MARIKINA CITY

Science
Quarter 4 – Module 3
WEATHER DISTURBANCES
IN THE PHILIPPINES

JESSICA S. MATEO
 What I Need to Know
This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help you
understand the different weather disturbances in the Philippines. The scope of this
module permits it to be used in many different learning situations. The language used
recognizes the diverse vocabulary level of learners. The lessons are arranged to follow the
standard sequence of the course. But the order in which you read them can be changed
to correspond with the textbook you are now using.

The module has one lesson:

 Identify the different weather disturbances and describe their effects to daily life

After going through this module, you are expected to characterize weather
disturbances in the Philippines and describe their effects to daily life (S5FE-IVD-4).
1. describe low pressure area;
2. describe monsoon winds;
3. identify the different weather disturbances; depression, storm and typhoon;
4. discuss the different weather systems in the Philippines; and
5. explain the changes in the weather before, during and after typhoon.

What I Know
Read each question carefully and encircle the letter of the correct answer.

1. Which describes the condition of the atmosphere in a short period of time?

A. humidity C. typhoon
B. low pressure D. weather

2. PAGASA has just raised public storm warning signal no. 2 in Marikina City and
nearby provinces. What does this mean?
A. Winds of 60-100 kph in 24 hours is expected in the locality.
B. Winds of 30-60 kph in 36 hours is expected in the locality.
C. Very strong winds of more than 185 kph in 12 hours is expected in the locality.
D. Winds of 100-185 kph in 18 hours is expected in the locality.

3. Southwest monsoons happen during which of the following months?

A. April to November
B. June to September
C. May to October
D. October to early May

1
4. Tropical cyclones are referred to by different names depending on where they originate
in the world. What is formed in the western Pacific Ocean?
A. Hurricanes C. Typhoons
B. Tropical cyclones D. Willy Willies

5. What is the basis of upgrading a tropical storm into a typhoon?

A. direction C. position
B. eye of the typhoon D. wind speed

6. When does a tropical storm become a typhoon?

A. When it reaches a wind speed of less than 55 kph
B. When it reaches a wind speed of 63 to 117 kph
C. When it reaches a sustained wind of 118 to 220 kph
D. When it reaches maximum sustained 1-minute surface winds of at least 230 kph

7. Monitoring the storm warning signals is important to tell whether the eye of the
typhoon will hit your locality. What agency advises the public on the latest weather
bulletins and announcements?
A. Dep Ed B. DOH C. DSWD D. PAGASA

8. Which of the following can be observed after the typhoon?

A. The surrounding is clean. C. Sign boards and antennas are intact.
B. Countryside is devastated. D. Trees and buildings are not damaged

9. Which of the following precautionary measures should be done during a cyclone?

A. Disinfect flooded areas.
B. Store enough canned goods.
C. Report broken electrical and water lines.
D. Tune in to the latest radio or TV cyclone bulletin.

10. Which of the following precautionary measures should be done after a cyclone?
A. Prepare sufficient supply of food and water.
B. Watch out for hanging live wires from damaged electric posts.
C. Evacuate to a safe place if you are staying in low-lying areas.
D. Keep batteries, radios, fully charged cellphones and flashlights handy.

2
 Lesson Characterize Weather Disturbances in the
Philippines and their Effects to Daily Life

What’s In

Arrange the letters below to form the word being described. Use the meaning as your
clue. Write your answers on the blanks provided beside the number.
_______________1. w l o p r s s r u e e - warm air above the water rises.
______________2. w t h r e e a d s b n c e s i t r u a – disruption of the atmosphere’s
stable condition.
_______________3. w t h e e a r – It is the condition of the atmosphere in a short period of
time.
______________4. t r p c l o i a c y c l n s o e - are low pressure areas in the tropics

_______________5. s t h o u w s t e m n s n o o o - It is characterized by hot and humid

weather, frequently heavy rainfall, and a prevailing wind from the

western parts.

What’s New
Look at the pictures below. Are you familiar with these? What weather
disturbance is it? What could be the effects to our daily life?

______________________________________ ________________________________________

______________________________________ ________________________________________

3
 The Philippines is found in the tropical region. It is located in Southeast Asia, on
the eastern rim of the Asiatic Mediterranean. It is bounded in the west by the South
China Sea; in the east by the Pacific Ocean. In the south by the Sulu and Celebes Seas;
and in the north by the Bashi Channel. Its location greatly affects the weather system in
our country. An average of 20 typhoons a year enter the Philippine Area of Responsibility
(PAR). The Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services
Administration (PAGASA) issues warning bulletins about a typhoon only when it is
within the PAR.
Philippines is prone to tropical cyclones due to its geographical location which
generally produce heavy rains and flooding of large areas and also strong winds which
result in heavy casualties to human life and destructions to crops and properties. Thus,
it is important to have sufficient knowledge for beneficial purposes.

Guide Question:
What causes the formation of storm in the Philippines?

_______________________________________________________________________________________

4
Weather Disturbances in the Philippines
Weather disturbances refer to the disruptions of the atmosphere’s stable
condition.
1. Easterly waves – also known as easterlies, are disturbances in the east to west flow of
the trade winds. It may vary intensely from weak waves which bring in an increase
cloudiness only without precipitation. It prevails during the month of October before
the northeast monsoon (amihan) breaks in.
2. Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) – is the region that circles the Earth, near
the equator, where the trade winds of the Northern and Southern Hemispheres come
together. It is characterized by towering cumulonimbus clouds causing showers and
widespread thunderstorms.
3. Monsoons – are seasonal winds that bring heavy rains that last for a week. Monsoon
comes from the Arabic word “mawsim” which means season.
4. Cold fronts – are weather disturbances of the temperate regions. In the Northern
Hemisphere during winter, cold fronts reach the south part of the Philippines. It
generally brings a lot of rain but it decreases as it reaches the Philippines that results
to a cloudy weather with occasional rains.
5. Tropical Cyclones – refers to an intense circular storm that originates over warm
tropical oceans. It is characterized by low atmospheric pressure, high winds and heavy
rain.
In the area where a cyclone forms, the water is warmer than the surrounding
waters, its temperature being higher than 26°C. The warm air above the water rises,
causing low pressure. Tropical cyclones rotate in a counterclockwise (or cyclonic)
direction in the Northern Hemisphere and in a clockwise (or anticyclonic) direction in the
Southern Hemisphere.

5
 Tropical cyclones are low pressure areas in the tropics. The wind blows toward the
center or "eye" of a cyclone, turning a counterclockwise direction in the North
Hemisphere and clockwise direction in the South Hemisphere.

Conditions Needed for a Low Pressure that Develops into a Cyclone

a. Continuous supply of rising warm moist air;

b. Sufficient lifting of the air (meaning, high enough); and
c. Continuous exit of air above to permit a continuous flow of rising air from below.

If these conditions are not maintained, the low pressure may dissipate.

Characteristics of Typhoon
1) A weather disturbance characterized by a violent weather condition.
2) It brings heavy rains and strong winds.
3) It is called differently depending on its location:
a. Hurricanes - occur in the northern hemisphere (north Atlantic Ocean,
eastern north Pacific Ocean).
b. Tropical Cyclones - occur in the south Pacific Ocean and Indian
Ocean).
c. Willy-Willy - occurs in the eastern part of the southern Indian Ocean.
d. Typhoons – occur in the western Pacific Ocean.

What Is It

Weather is the condition of the atmosphere in a short period of time. The weather
system in the Philippines is known for its high temperature, humidity (amount of water
vapor in the atmosphere) and large amount of rainfall.

Three (3) Seasons in the Philippines

1. Hot, dry summer (Tag-init) – between March and May

2. Wet Season (Tag-ulan) – between June and November
3. Cooler dry Season (Tag-lamig) – between December and February

Monsoon Winds in the Philippines

1. Northeast Monsoon (hanging amihan) – a cool northeast monsoon dominated by the

trade winds from November to early May. It is characterized by moderate
temperatures, little or no rainfall in the central and western part of Luzon and
Visayas, and a prevailing wind from the east.

6
2. Southwest Monsoon (hanging habagat) – a southwest monsoon from May to
October. It is characterized by hot and humid weather, frequently heavy rainfall, and
a prevailing wind from the western parts.

What’s More?
Classifications of Tropical Cyclones According to Strength of Winds

1. Tropical Disturbance – is an isolated weather system with an apparent circulation. It

is a poorly developed wind circulation observed throughout the wet tropics and
subtropics.

2. Tropical Depression - is an organized system of clouds and thunderstorms with a

defined, closed surface circulation and maximum sustained winds of less than 55
kilometers per hour (kph)

3. Tropical Storm - is an organized system of strong thunderstorms with a defined

surface circulation and maximum sustained winds between 63 to 117 kilometers per
hour (kph).

4. Typhoon – it is an intense tropical cyclone with sustained winds of at least 118 to 220
kilometers per hour (kph).

5. Super Typhoon – it reaches maximum sustained 1-minute surface winds of at

least 230 kilometers per hour (kph).

7
Changes in the Weather Before, During and After the Typhoon
Sequence of Events
Which do you think among the three pictures comes first? second? third? Why did you
say so? Write your answer on the space provided.

__________________________________________________

__________________________________________________

___________________________________________________

8
 Put a check mark ( ⁄ ) on the column of Yes or No if the statement describes the condition
of elements of weather (clouds, temperature, wind, and amount of rainfall) before, during
and after the typhoon according to the pictures shown above.

Elements Y N

Temperature
of the e o

Amount of
Weather Y N Y N Y N s

Rainfall
Clouds

Wind
e o e o e o
s s s
Typhoons

1. The warm wind blows scattered

sky is gently rain
clear. showers
Before

2. The strong heavy

sky is dry and winds rainfall
cloudy cold
and
dark.

1. The warm wind blows scattered

sky gently rain
becomes showers
clearer.
During

2. The dry and strong heavy

sky is cold winds rainfall
dark
and
cloudy.

1. The warm Wind blows

sky gently scattered
becomes rain
clearer. showers
1.
After

2. The dry and strong heavy

sky is cold winds rainfall
dark
and
cloudy.

9
Philippine Public Storm Warnings
Monitoring the storm warning signals being released by the PAGASA is important
to tell whether the eye of the typhoon will hit your locality. Here is the Philippine public
storm warning signals (PSWS):

Public Storm Meteorological Impact of the Winds Precautionary

Warning Signals Condition Measures
(PSWS)
Winds of 30-60 kph Twigs and branches People are advised
is expected in 36 of small trees may to listen to the latest
1 hours be broken weather bulletin
issued by the
PAGASA
Winds of 60-100 Few big trees may Outdoor activities of
kph is expected in be uprooted children should be
24 hours Some coconut trees postponed
may tilt Disaster
2 preparedness
agencies are in
action to alert their
communities
Winds of 100-185 Coconut trees may Disaster
kph is expected in be broken or preparedness
18 hours destroyed agencies are in
3 Light material action to alert their
houses may be communities with
destroyed appropriate
response to
emergency
Very intense Many large trees Evacuation to safer
typhoon may be uprooted shelters should have
Winds been completed
4 Very strong winds of Damage to affected Disaster
more than 185 kph communities can be preparedness
is expected in 12 very heavy agencies are now
hours fully responding to
emergencies
Very strong winds of Almost total damage Disaster
220 kph is expected to structures of light preparedness
in 18 hours materials agencies are now
Super typhoon Electrical power fully responding to
distribution and emergencies and
communication immediately respond
services severely to calamities
disrupted

10
Precautionary Measures We Follow Before, During and After A Typhoon
Before a Typhoon
1. Help your family check and fix the roof of your house for any leaks. Check the
windows and make repairs if needed.
2. Remind your family to keep enough water, rice, canned goods, and other foods that
would last even without refrigeration.
3. Prepare an emergency kit that includes flashlight, medicines, ready-to-eat packed
food, clothes and other necessities, in case you have to evacuate.
4. Secure important documents in a waterproof bag.
5. Cellphones and other means of communication should be fully-charged to keep
yourself updated on the latest news about the typhoon.

During a Typhoon
1. Stay indoors and be alert.
2. Monitor the weather updates. Check what is happening around you.
3. Evacuate when you are advised by the local authorities. Bring family pets and
valuables to a safe place. Turn off gas valves, water and electricity, when safe to do so.
4. Boil drinking water or have some bottled water ready.
5. Check on your family members or relatives who are staying in the affected areas are
in need of help or rescue.

After a Typhoon
1. Ask a knowledgeable person to check the electrical wirings or appliances especially
if your house got flooded.
2. Repair the damaged part of your house.
3. Boil water before drinking to avoid getting sick.
4. Avoid electrical wires that have fallen.
5. Stay away from flood waters. They carry water-borne disease like deadly
leptospirosis.
*leptospirosis – is a water-borne disease caused by bacterial infection when dirty water
contaminated with animal urine (commonly rats) comes in contact with a person’s
unhealed wounds or scratches, newly pedicure nails, eyes, or other parts with mucous
membranes (like in anus, ears, eyelids, genital area, mouth, nostrils, skin)
6. Clean and clear everything damaged by the typhoon.
7. Help the victims of calamities by giving donations or being a volunteer in relief
operations.

11
 What I Have Learned

Fill in the blanks with the correct words to complete the relationship. Use the first set of
words as your guide. Write your answer on the space provided.

1. hanging amihan: little or no rainfall hanging habagat: _______________

2. December/February: cooler, dry season March/May: ____________________
3. Pressure: amount of force humidity: _____________________________________
4. Northeast monsoon: amihan southwest monsoon: ________________________
5. Polar regions: low temperature tropical regions: __________________________

What I Can Do

My Emergency Kit
A. Design your emergency kit. Draw the items included in it. Label and color each. (10
points)

12
Use the rubrics below as your guide.

Category 10 points 5 points 3 point

Demonstrates
Demonstrates creative Lacks imaginative
moderate creative
Creativeness and thinking. Output has thinking. Output has no
thinking. Output
Innovativeness innovative and unique innovative and unique
has innovative and
concepts concepts.
unique concepts.
Practice presented are Practice presented Both practices presented
Content and very well-organized. It are moderate and and the messages
Organization conveyed a very clear organized. It conveyed are not well
message. conveyed a message. organized.

Assessment

Write the word FACT if the statement is correct and BLUFF if it is not.
__________ 1. The Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services
Administration (PAGASA) issues warning bulletins about a typhoon when
it is within the Philippine Area of Responsibility.
__________ 2. Philippines is prone to tropical cyclones due to its geographical location.
__________ 3. Before a typhoon occurs, high clouds are observed in the sky.
__________ 4. People living in or near the coastal areas are forced to evacuate after the
typhoon.
__________ 5. Super typhoon has very strong winds of 220 kph within 18 hours. There is
total damage to structures of light materials.

Additional Activities
As a Grade 5 learner, write three (3) ways on how you can extend help to the
victims of typhoon in your locality.
1. ____________________________________________________________________________________
2. ____________________________________________________________________________________
3. ____________________________________________________________________________________

13
 Posttest

Read each question carefully and encircle the letter of the correct answer.

1. PAGASA has just raised public storm warning signal no. 2 in Marikina City and
nearby provinces. What does this mean?
A. Winds of 60-100 kph in 24 hours is expected in the locality.
B. Winds of 30-60 kph in 36 hours is expected in the locality.
C. Very strong winds of more than 185 kph in 12 hours is expected in the locality.
D. Winds of 100-185 kph in 18 hours is expected in the locality.

2. Southwest monsoons happen during which of the following months?

A. April to November
B. June to September
C. May to October
D. October to early May

3. Which describes the condition of the atmosphere in a short period of time?

A. humidity
B. low pressure
C. typhoon
D. weather

4. Which of the following can be observed after the typhoon?

A. The surrounding is clean. C. Sign boards and antennas are intact.
B. Countryside is devastated. D. Trees and buildings are not damaged

5. Which of the following precautionary measures should be done during a cyclone?

A. Disinfect flooded areas.
B. Store enough canned goods.
C. Report broken electrical and water lines.
D. Tune in to the latest radio or TV cyclone bulletin.

6. When does a tropical storm become a typhoon?

A. When it reaches a wind speed of less than 55 kph
B. When it reaches a wind speed of 63 to 117 kph
C. When it reaches a sustained wind of 118 to 220 kph
D. When it reaches maximum sustained 1-minute surface winds of at least 230 kph

7. Monitoring the storm warning signals is important to tell whether the eye of the
typhoon will hit your locality. What agency advises the public on the latest weather
bulletins and announcements?
A. Dep Ed B. DOH C. DSWD D. PAGASA

14
8. Tropical cyclones are referred to by different names depending on where they originate
in the world. What is formed in the western Pacific Ocean?
A. Hurricanes C. Typhoons
B. Tropical cyclones D. Willy Willy

9. What is the basis of upgrading a tropical storm into a typhoon?

A. direction C. position
B. eye of the typhoon D. wind speed

10. Which of the following precautionary measures should be done after a cyclone?
A. Prepare sufficient supply of food and water.
B. Watch out for hanging live wires from damaged electric posts.
C. Evacuate to a safe place if you are staying in low-lying areas.
D. Keep batteries, radios, fully charged cellphones and flashlights handy.

Answer Key
bodies of water.
location which is surrounded by the
cyclone due to its geographical
Philippines is prone to tropical
What’s New
5. southwest monsoon
4. tropical cyclones
3. weather 5. high temperature
2. weather disturbances 4. habagat
1. low pressure 3. amount of water vapor
What’s In 2. hot dry summer
1. hot and humid weather
What I Have Learned

5. FACT
4. BLUFF
3. FACT
2. FACT
1. FACT
Assessment

3. Volunteer in relief operations

2. Help the victims
1. Donate clothes
Answers may vary
What I Can Do Additional Activities

15
https://prezi.com/f8mqymrtlhfm/effects-of-weather-disturbances-in-the-philippines/
http://bagong.pagasa.dost.gov.ph/information/about-tropical-cyclone
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Pacific_typhoon_season
https://www.jagranjosh.com/general-knowledge/weather-disturbances-1417256759-1
https://www.dw.com/en/philippines-a-country-prone-to-natural-disasters/a-17217404
http://vm.observatory.ph/cw_maps.html
http://vm.observatory.ph/index.html
https://sciencing.com/importance-earths-atmosphere-5070.html
https://sciencing.com/rain-pressure-low-8738476.html
https://sciencing.com/10-weather-climate-7446378.html
https://rmets.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/joc.6492
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amihan
http://typhoonmanila.weebly.com/storm-classifications.html
https://www.google.com/search?ei=jyZLYMmwJ4qUr7wPj7K6yAE&q=Weatehr+Systems
+in+the+Philippines&oq=Weatehr+Systems+in+the+Philippines&gs_lcp=Cgdnd3Mtd2l6E
AMyBAgAEA0yBggAEA0QHjIICAAQDRAFEB46BggAEAcQHjoJCAAQDRBGEIACULszWNZ
cYMZiaABwAngBgAHaA4gB-
xmSAQkwLjcuOC4wLjGYAQCgAQGqAQdnd3Mtd2l6wAEB&sclient=gws-
wiz&ved=0ahUKEwiJtJWpq6rvAhUKyosBHQ-ZDhkQ4dUDCA0&uact=5
https://www.travelonline.com/philippines/weather.html#:~:text=The%20Philippines%20
have%20a%20tropical,generally%20hot%20and%20quite%20humid.&text=The%20Philip
pines%20weather%20patterns%20are,from%20November%20to%20early%20May.
http://bagong.pagasa.dost.gov.ph/learning-tools/public-storm-warning-signal
https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/laginghanda/the-philippine-public-storm-warning-
signals/
http://infiniteknowledge.expertscolumn.com/article/precautionary-measures-we-follow-
during-and-after-
typhoon#:~:text=Before%20a%20Typhoon%3A&text=Stock%20up%20an%20adequate%2
0supply,whether%20on%20television%20or%20radio.
https://www.divescotty.com/underwater-blog/amihan-habagat-monsoon.php

16
 Development Team of the Module
Writer: Jessica S. Mateo
Content Editor: Veronica A. Cena

Language Editors: Clodee E. Bagcal

Crisanta A. Deogracias
Illustrator: Michele P. Dioquino
Illustrators/Layout Artists: Dinnes A. Masubay
Jemwel Dela Paz

Management Team:
Sheryll T. Gayola
Assistant Schools Division Superintendent
OIC, Office of the Schools Division Superintendent

Elisa O. Cerveza
Chief, CID
OIC, Office of the Assistant Schools Division Superintendent

Jessica S. Mateo
EPS - Science

Ivy Coney A. Gamatero

EPS – LRMS

Catherine C. Paningbatan
Librarian II, LRMDS

For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Schools Division Office - Marikina City

191 Shoe Ave., Sta. Elena, Marikina City, 1800, Philippines

Telefax: (02) 682-2472 / 682-3989

Email Address: sdo.marikina@deped.gov.ph

17