5

SCIENCE 5
Quarter 4
Weather Disturbances

HEXMAXILCA DUMRIQUE-MARIAN0
TEACHER I
INTRODUCTORY MESSAGE:

To the user,

This Self-Learning Module is prepared for you our dear leaners so that you can
continue your studies and learn while at home. Activities, questions, directions, exercises and discussions
are carefully stated for you to understand the lesson. The development of this module is based on the
identifies least learned competency which is to explain the different weather disturbances that we have
in the Philippines and the effects of weather disturbances to daily life with the given Most Essential
Learning Competency (MELC’s) code S5FE-IVb-4.

The Most Essential Learning Competencies of Science 5 presents the following:

CONTENT STANDARD

 Characterize weather disturbances in the Philippines and describe their effects to daily life.
 Describe the different weather disturbances in the Philippines.

PERFORMANCE STANDARD
 The learner should know how to prepare individual emergency kit.

LEARNING COMPETENCY
 Characterize weather disturbances in the Philippines and describe their effects to daily life.

As a user of this learning material you are expected to observe the following:

 Follows all directions in every activity carefully and religiously;

 Read every page comprehensively;
 Preserves the neatness and cleanliness of material;
 Answers all activities independently and honesty;
 After you have answered the given tasks, submit your answer to your teacher;
 If you have questions or clarifications, ask your teacher; and
 It is hoped that this learning material will be a great help to you.
LET’S EXERCISE
Direction: Analyze each question carefully and choose the letter of the CORRECT answer.
Write your answer in you Science Notebook.

1. Which of these refers to atmosphere’s condition at a certain period of time?

a. climate
b. phenomenon
c. season
d. weather

2. What does a funnel-like shaped cloud in the sky indicate?

a. a strong typhoon is coming

b. a tornado is approaching
c. loud roars of thunder will be heard
d. sharp flashed of lightning will dart across the sky.

3. Where does tropical cyclone get its energy?

a. energy of the wind

b. energy of the ocean waves
c. strong air pressure
d. sun’s energy.

4. Which of these will be affected by a strong typhoon?

a. areas along the shores

b. fertile valleys and wide plateaus
c. high mountains
d. all of the choices given.

5. Which of these may bring weather disturbances?

a. formation of monsoons
b. formation of low pressure area
c. thunderstorm
d. all log the above
 55 Weather Disturbances

Because we are surrounded by bodies of water, we are prone to weather

disturbances. Our nearness to the Pacific Ocean, which lies on the eastern side of our
country, is the most significant contributor to weather disturbances in our country. With that,
our country is mostly visited by tropical cyclones.

Weather is what conditions of the atmosphere are over a short period of time. It has
different factors, when these factors change and affects the condition of the atmosphere,
weather disturbances may occur.

Climate is how the atmosphere “behaves” over relatively long periods of time.
 A temperature difference between the air and the surface creates a swirling mass of
winds known as a weather disturbances. A weather disturbances used to describes a change
in atmospheric conditions or weather patterns. Although weather disturbances are temporary,
their impact on plants, animals, livelihood and the ecosystem evident. Weather disturbances
are common in the Philippines due to its nearness to the equator that causes wind
convergence.

 A tropical cyclone is a weather disturbance characterized by a big mass of wind and

rain whirling around a center of low pressure called the “eye”.

“EYE”

Tropical cyclones have different names around the world depending on where they
are. In Atlantic/ Eastern Pacific Oceans, they are known as hurricanes, while in the Western
Pacific, they are called typhoons. In the Indian Ocean, they are recognized as cyclones.

Tropical cyclones form when warm air moves over the surface of the ocean, creating a
massive amount of water vapor. As it rises, the water vapor is cooled. Clouds are formed
when water vapor condenses. Heat is released into the atmosphere as it does. So, this heat
warms the atmosphere, causing the air to become lighter and continue to rise into
atmosphere. As the warmed air rises, it is replaced by moist air rising from below. The
subsequent heat release generates strong winds, which fuel the storm. Weather
disturbances are also known as natural disasters because they can cause havoc on roads,
power lines, and buildings.
 Table 1: CLASSIFICATION OF TROPICAL CYCLONES
KINDS OF CYCLONES DESCRIPTION
Tropical Depression )TD -a tropical cyclone with maximum sustained winds of up to
61 kilometers per hour (kph) or less than 33 nautical miles
per hour (knots)
- a weak low pressure with a definite surface circulation
- most common in the equatorial region or the intertropical
convergence zone (ITCZ)
Tropical Storm - a tropical cyclone with a maximum wind speed of 62 to 88
(TS) kph or 34 - 47 knots.
- when a tropical depression intensifies, it becomes a tropical
storm
Severe Tropical a tropical cyclone with a maximum wind speed of 89 to 117
Storm (STS) kph or 48 - 63 knots.
- more organized and more circular
Typhoon (TY) - a tropical cyclone with a maximum wind speed of 118 to 220
kph or 64 - 120 knots.
- most of the time, accompanied by heavy rains and strong
winds
Super a tropical cyclone with maximum wind speed exceeding 220
Typhoon (STY) kph or more than 120 knots.
- the strongest tropical cyclone classification created in 2015
after the devastation of Super Typhoon Yolanda (Haiyan).
- areas that are hit by this kind face a large amount of
destruction
 The occurrence of tropical cyclone affects the environment. Hence, the Philippine
Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration (PAGASA) closely
observe any change in the atmosphere. The agency gives people regular updates on the
weather condition. Typhoon signals to warn people of the coming typhoon through their
regular weather bulletins. Wind speed is expressed in kilometers per hour (kph) and is
measured using an anemometer.

Table 2 shows the range of the wind speeds given for each signal number of the typhoon
entering the Philippine Area of Responsibility (PAR) based PAGASA.

 Thunderstorms is a storm characterized by strong winds, short-period heavy rains

that generally last for one to two hours, with lightning and thunder. The four main
types of thunderstorms are single-cell, multi-cell, squall line, and super cell, each
characterized by their structure, intensity, and potential for severe weather.
  Tornado is a funnel-like shaped cloud with a diameter of less than 400 meters.

OTHER WEATHER DISTURBANCES IN THE PHILIPPINES

A. MONSOONS- is a continuous change in the direction of the prevailing winds blowing at

a particular direction. Our country experiences two distinct monsoons, the northeast and the
southwest monsoons.

Southeast Monsoon or Hanging Habagat- Northeast monsoon or Hanging

the country experiences this seasonal wind Amihan- is a seasonal wind that
from May to October. It is moist, warm and blows from November to February.
brings large amounts of rainfall to It gives us cold temperature during
Philippines the year

B. Easterly Winds- The northeast trade winds may move over an elongated low-pressure
area, forming an easterly wind.
C. INTERTROPICAL CONVERGENZE ZONE (ITZC)- is the area near the equator
where the trade winds from North and South Hemisphere meet. The two trade winds create a
band of clouds that bring heavy rainfall.

ACTIVITY 1: Directions: Choose the type of weather disturbance inside the box and write
your answer on your notebook.

tornado tropical cyclone storm hurricane

thunderstorm monsoons southeast monsoon
northeast monsoon ITCZ weather disturbance
_____1. A violent disturbance in atmosphere marked by sudden changes in air pressure and
rapid air movements.

_____2. The area near the equator where the trade winds from North and South Hemisphere
meet.

_____3. A low-pressure area that forms in the tropics over the seas and oceans.

_____4. A seasonal wind that blows from November to February.

_____5. Funnel-like or roped shaped cloud with a diameter of less than 400 meters.

_____6. The country experiences this seasonal wind from May to October.

_____7. Any disruption to atmosphere’s stable condition.

_____8. Tropical storms that formed over the North Atlantic Ocean and Northeast Pacific.

_____9. A continuous change in the direction of the prevailing winds blowing at a particular
direction.

_____10. A storm characterized by strong winds, short period of heavy rains that last for one
to two hours with lightning and thunder.

ACTIVITY 2: Directions: Arrange the following jumbled words to identify the factors that
affect
the weather.

1. PAMRTEUETER
2. DHIYUITM
3. DNWI
4. CNPTOIRIEPAIT
5. CLSUNDOIES
6. CPMSHAEORIT ESREPRUS
7. NDIW
8. SOONMONS
9. SOMRT
10. ANECRRHUI

ACTIVITY 3: Directions: Read and understand the weather report. Write your answers to the
guide questions in your notebook.

Tropical depression Coring is now over Itbayat, Batanes at 10:00 a.m.

today, September 12. Coring was estimated to have maximum winds
of 50 kph near the center. It is expected to move west-northwest at
20 kph in the general direction of Aurora, Quezon.
Guide Questions:
1. What weather disturbance is mentioned in the report?

2. What is the maximum wind speed of the tropical depression?

3. Do you think this is a strong weather disturbance? Why or why not?

4. Predict its effect if it reaches your place with winds of 50 kph.

Effects of Weather Disturbances

to Daily Life
We observe weather conditions for many reasons. We do outdoor activities only if the
weather is fine. Playing basketball or other outdoor sports, attending festivals and going on
excursions are done during fair weather. In school, we enjoy playing outdoors in fine
weather. Field trips, hiking and camping, are also done when the weather is fine.
We also like to be forewarned about weather conditions early enough to be prepared for it. If
the forecast says there will be rain showers, then we bring our umbrellas or raincoats. We
may put off making long trips because it is dangerous to travel during rainy weather.
In case of rainy or stormy weather, we are advised to stay home and take
necessary precautions. We should protect ourselves during bad weather so that we
will not get sick. We should also wear clothes suited to the kind of weather condition
to protect ourselves. Ship captains and pilots must know the weather to be warned of coming
storms, strong winds, thick clouds, fog, tropical depression or even typhoon that can
be dangerous to travel.
Farmers need to be informed of weather disturbances so that
they can care for their crops. Merchants and vendors like to know the weather so
that they can prepare the goods they will sell. Good weather service is very important.
In the Philippines, we have the Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and
Astronomical Services Administration or PAGASA, that informs us of the weather
conditions and gives daily weather reports. The Philippines is located in the typhoon belt,
where several typhoons pass each year.
In addition to typhoons, the southwest monsoon brings heavy rains that cause floods
and rough seas, especially in July, August, and September. Knowing the weather forecasts
can minimize the loss of lives and properties due to weather disturbances; it can also help the
industries. This is because man can prepare for the bad weather. Millions of pesos worth of
properties and farm crops and people’s lives are lost to flood and strong typhoons. These
damages make many people suffer.
 Weather disturbances can have a significant impact on daily life in several ways:

Travel Disruptions: Severe weather conditions such as heavy rain, snow, or strong winds
can lead to road closures, flight cancellations, and public transport delays, making it difficult
for people to commute to work or school.

Health Concerns: Extreme temperatures, storms, and air pollution associated with certain
weather disturbances can affect people's health, leading to an increase in illnesses,
respiratory problems, and heat-related issues.

Agricultural Impact: Weather disturbances like droughts, floods, or hailstorms can damage
crops, leading to food shortages and increased prices for agricultural products.

Power Outages: Severe weather can cause power lines to go down, resulting in blackouts
that disrupt daily activities and affect businesses, hospitals, and households.

Emotional Well-being: Prolonged periods of gloomy weather or lack of sunlight can impact
people's mood and mental health, leading to feelings of depression or seasonal affective
disorder.

In summary, weather disturbances can disrupt transportation, impact health, affect

agriculture, cause power outages, and influence emotional well-being, all of which can
significantly impact daily life.

ACTIVITY 1: Fill in the blanks with words from the discussion on weather disturbances. Use
the words in the word box to answer. Write your answers in your notebook.

tropical cyclone weather disturbances water

equator bad good

Although weather disturbances are temporary, their impact on plants, animals,

livelihood, and the ecosystem is evident. 1.______________ are common in the
Philippines due to the country's nearness to the 2._______________, which causes
wind convergence. 3._________________ is one type of weather disturbance. Tropical
cyclones have different names around the world depending on where they are.
In the Atlantic/Eastern Pacific Oceans, they are known as hurricanes, while in
the Western Pacific, they are identified as typhoons. In the Indian Ocean, they are
recognized as cyclones. Tropical cyclones form when warm air moves over the oceans
surface, creating a massive amount of 4.__________________ . Tropical cyclones weaken
as they reach land, not because a mountain or a building blocks them, but because the loss of
their source of heat, which is warm air from the ocean, reduces their wind speed.
When the weather is 5._____________ , air and water transportation services are not
stopped. But when there is weather disturbance, these services are temporarily suspended.

ACTIVTY 2: Directions: Answer the following questions. Write your answers in your
notebook.

1. What is a weather disturbance?

2. What is a tropical cyclone?

3. What are the classifications of a tropical cyclone? Describe each.

4. What are the different types of cyclones?

5. What is the importance of knowing the causes of weather disturbance?

ACTIVITY 3: As a student, give at least three (5) activities that can be done before, during,
and after typhoon. Write your answer on your notebook.

BEFORE DURING AFTER

Activity 4:
Weather in our country constantly changes from day to day or by the hour.
For example, you may wake up with fair weather, but it rains towards the middle of the day.
List three ways to make sure of your safety in these changing weather patterns? Write your
answers in your notebook.