SBKV MATRIC HIGHER SECONDARY SCHOOL

12th MATHEMATICS (5 marks)

VECTOR ALGEBRA
⃗ = 𝑖ˆ − 𝑗ˆ, ⃗𝑏 = 𝑖ˆ − 𝑗ˆ − 4𝑘ˆ , 𝑐 = 3𝑗ˆ − 𝑘ˆ and 𝑑
1. If 𝑎 ⃗ = 2𝑖ˆ + 5𝑗ˆ + 𝑘ˆ , verify that(𝑎 × 𝑏⃗ ) ×
(𝑐 × 𝑑 ) = [𝑎, 𝑏⃗ , 𝑑 ]𝑐 − [𝑎, 𝑏⃗ , 𝑐]𝑑
2. Using vector method, prove that cos(𝛼 − 𝛽) = cos 𝛼 cos 𝛽 + sin𝛼 sin𝛽.
3. Prove by vector method that sin(𝛼 + 𝛽) = sin𝛼 cos𝛽 + cos𝛼 sin𝛽,
4. Prove by vector method that the perpendiculars (attitudes) from the vertices to the opposite
sides of a triangle are concurrent.
5. Find the parametric form of vector equation and Cartesian equations of a straight line passing
through (5,2,8) and is perpendicular to the straight lines 𝑟 = (𝑖ˆ + 𝑗ˆ − 𝑘ˆ) + 𝑠(2𝑖ˆ − 2𝑗ˆ + 𝑘ˆ)
and 𝑟 = (2𝑖ˆ − 𝑗ˆ − 3𝑘ˆ) + 𝑡(𝑖ˆ + 2𝑗ˆ + 2𝑘ˆ).
6. Show that the lines 𝑟 = (6𝑖ˆ + 𝑗ˆ + 2𝑘ˆ) + 𝑠(𝑖ˆ + 2𝑗ˆ − 3𝑘ˆ) and 𝑟 = (3𝑖ˆ + 2𝑗ˆ − 2𝑘ˆ ) + 𝑡(2𝑖ˆ +
4𝑗ˆ − 5𝑘ˆ ) are skew lines and hence find the shortest distance between them.
𝑥−3 𝑦−3 𝑥−6 𝑧−1
7. Show that the lines = , 𝑧 − 1 = 0 and = , 𝑦 − 2 = 0 intersect. Also find the
3 −1 2 3
point of intersection.
8. Show that the straight lines 𝑥 + 1 = 2𝑦 = −12𝑧 and 𝑥 = 𝑦 + 2 = 6𝑧 − 6 are skew and
hence find the shortest distance between them.
9. Find the foot of the perpendicular drawn from the point (5,4,2)
𝑥+1 𝑦−3 𝑧−1
to the line = = . Also, find the equation of the perpendicular.
2 3 −1

10. Find parametric form of vector equation and Cartesian equations of the plane passing through
the points (2,2,1), (1, −2,3) and parallel to the straight line passing through the points
(2,1, −3) and (−1,5, −8).
11. Find the non-parametric form of vector equation and cartesian equation of the plane passing
through the point (1, −2,4) and perpendicular to the plane 𝑥 + 2𝑦 − 3𝑧 = 11 and parallel to
𝑥+7 𝑦+3 𝑧
the line = = .
3 −1 1

12. Find the parametric vector, non-parametric vector and Cartesian form of the equations of the
plane passing through the three non-collinear points (3,6, −2), (−1, −2,6), and (6,4, −2).
13. Find the non-parametric form of vector equation, and Cartesian equations of the plane
𝑟 = (6𝑖ˆ − 𝑗ˆ + 𝑘ˆ ) + 𝑠(−𝑖ˆ + 2𝑗ˆ + 𝑘ˆ ) + 𝑡(−5𝑖ˆ − 4𝑗ˆ − 5𝑘ˆ).
14. Show that the lines 𝑟 = (−𝑖ˆ − 3𝑗ˆ − 5𝑘ˆ ) + 𝑠(3𝑖ˆ + 5𝑗ˆ + 7𝑘ˆ ) and 𝑟 = (2𝑖ˆ + 4𝑗ˆ + 6𝑘ˆ ) + 𝑡(𝑖ˆ +
4𝑗ˆ + 7𝑘ˆ ) are coplanar. Also ,find the non-parametric form of vector equation of the plane
containing these lines.
15. Find the equation of the plane passing through the line of intersection of the planes
𝑟 ⋅ (2𝑖ˆ − 7𝑗ˆ + 4𝑘ˆ) = 3 and 3𝑥 − 5𝑦 + 4𝑧 + 11 = 0, and the point (−2,1,3).
16. Find the equation of the plane passing through the line of intersection of the planes 𝑥 + 2𝑦 +
2
3𝑧 = 2 and 𝑥 − 𝑦 + 𝑧 = 3, and at a distance from the point (3,1, −1).
√3

INVERSE TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS

𝑥+𝑦+𝑧−𝑥𝑦𝑧
1. Prove that tan−1 𝑥 + tan−1 𝑦 + tan−1 𝑧 = tan−1 [ ].
1−𝑥𝑦−𝑦𝑧−𝑧𝑥

2. If tan−1 𝑥 + tan−1 𝑦 + tan−1 𝑧 = 𝜋 , show that 𝑥 + 𝑦 + 𝑧 = 𝑥𝑦𝑧.

 𝜋
3. Solve tan−1 2𝑥 + tan−1 3𝑥 = , if 6𝑥 2 < 1.
4
𝑥−1 𝑥+1 𝜋
4. Solve tan−1 ( ) + tan−1 ( ) = .
𝑥−2 𝑥+2 4
𝑥 3
5. Solve cos (sin−1 (√1+𝑥 2 )) = sin {cot −1 ( )}.
4
√1−𝑥 2
6. Show that cot(sin−1 𝑥) = , −1 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 1 and 𝑥 ≠ 0
𝑥

7. If 𝑎1 , 𝑎2, 𝑎3 , … 𝑎𝑛 is an arithmetic progression with common difference 𝑑, prove that

𝑑 𝑑 𝑑 𝑎 −𝑎
tan [tan−1 ( ) + tan−1 ( ) + ⋯ + tan−1 ( )] = 𝑛 1 .
1+𝑎1 𝑎2 1+𝑎2 𝑎3 1+𝑎𝑛 𝑎𝑛−1 1+𝑎1 𝑎𝑛
8. If cos−1 𝑥 + cos−1 𝑦 + −1
cos 𝑧 = 𝜋 and 0 < 𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧 < 1, show that 𝑥 + 𝑦 + 𝑧2 +
2 2

2𝑥𝑦𝑧 = 1
1 1
9. Find the value of tan−1 (−1) + cos−1 ( ) + sin−1 (− ).
2 2

THEORY OF EQUATIONS
3 −3
1. Solve : 8𝑥 2𝑛 − 8𝑥 2𝑛 = 63

𝑥 𝑎 𝑏 6𝑎
2. Solve : 2√ + 3√ = + .
𝑎 𝑥 𝑎 𝑏

3. Solve the equations

(i) 6𝑥 4 − 35𝑥 3 + 62𝑥 2 − 35𝑥 + 6 = 0 (ii) 𝑥 4 + 3𝑥 3 − 3𝑥 − 1 = 0

4. Find all real numbers satisfying 4𝑥 − 3(2𝑥+2 ) + 25 = 0.

1
5. Solve the equation 6𝑥 4 − 5𝑥 3 − 38𝑥 2 − 5𝑥 + 6 = 0 if it is known that is a solution.
3

6. Solve the equation (2𝑥 − 3)(6𝑥 − 1)(3𝑥 − 2)(𝑥 − 2) − 5 = 0.

7. If 2 + 𝑖 and 3 − √2 are roots of the equation
𝑥 6 − 13𝑥 5 + 62𝑥 4 − 126𝑥 3 + 65𝑥 2 + 127𝑥 − 140 = 0, find all roots.
8. Find the condition that the roots of 𝑎𝑥 3 + 𝑏𝑥 2 + 𝑐𝑥 + 𝑑 = 0 are in geometric progression.
Assume𝑎, 𝑏, 𝑐, 𝑑 ≠ 0
9. It is known that the roots of the equation 𝑥3 − 6𝑥2 − 4𝑥 + 24 = 0 are in arithmetic
progression.Find its roots.

DISCRETE MATHEMATICS
𝑥 𝑥
1. (i) Let 𝑀 = {( ) : 𝑥 ∈ 𝑅 − {0}} and let ∗ be the matrix multiplication. Determine
𝑥 𝑥
whether 𝑀 is closed under ∗. If so, examine the commutative and associative properties
satisfied by ∗ on 𝑀.
𝑥 𝑥
(ii) Let 𝑀 = {( ) : 𝑥 ∈ 𝑅 − {0}} and let ∗ be the matrix multiplication. Determine
𝑥 𝑥
whether 𝑀 is closed under ∗. If so, examine the existence of identity, existence of inverse
properties for the operation ∗ on 𝑀.
2. (i) Let 𝐴 be 𝑄 ∖ {1}. Define ∗ on 𝐴 by 𝑥 ∗ 𝑦 = 𝑥 + 𝑦 − 𝑥𝑦. Is ∗ binary on 𝐴 ? If so, examine
the commutative and associative properties satisfied by ∗ on 𝐴.
 (ii) Let 𝐴 be 𝑄 ∖ {1}. Define ∗ on 𝐴 by 𝑥 ∗ 𝑦 = 𝑥 + 𝑦 − 𝑥𝑦. Is * binary on 𝐴 ? If so, examine
the existence of identity, existence of inverse properties for the operation ∗ on 𝐴
3. Verify (i) closure property (ii) commutative property, and (iii) associative property of the
following operation on the given set.
(𝑎 ∗ 𝑏) = 𝑎𝑏 ; ∀𝑎, 𝑏 ∈ ℕ (exponentiation property)
4. Verify (i) closure property, (ii) commutative property, (iii) associative property,
(iv) existence of identity, and (v) existence of inverse for following operation on the given set.
𝑚 ∗ 𝑛 = 𝑚 + 𝑛 − 𝑚𝑛; 𝑚, 𝑛 ∈ ℤ
5. Verify (i) closure property, (ii) commutative property, (iii) associative property,
(iv) existence of identity, and (v) existence of inverse for the operation +5 on ℤ5 using table
corresponding to addition modulo 5.
6. Verify (i) closure property, (ii) commutative property, (iii) associative property,
(iv) existence of identity, and (v) existence of inverse for the operation x11 on a subset 𝐴 =
{1,3,4,5,9} of the set of remainders {0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10}.
7. Using the equivalence property, show that 𝑝 ↔ 𝑞 ≡ (𝑝 ∧ 𝑞) ∨ (¬𝑝 ∧ ¬𝑞).
8. Prove that 𝑝 → (¬𝑞 ∨ 𝑟) ≡ ¬𝑝 ∨ (¬𝑞 ∨ 𝑟) using truth table.

9. Verify the (i) closure property, (ii) commutative property, (iii) associative property (iv)
existence of identity and (v) existence of inverse for the arithmetic operation + on 𝑍.
10. Verify the (i) closure property, (ii) commutative property, (iii) associative property (iv)
existence of identity and (v) existence of inverse for the arithmetic operation − on 𝑍.
11. Verify the (i) closure property, (ii) commutative property, (iii) associative property (iv)
existence of identity and (v) existence of inverse for the arithmetic operation + on ℤ𝑒 = the
set of all even integers.
12. Verify the (i) closure property, (ii) commutative property, (iii) associative property
(iv) existence of identity and (v) existence of inverse for the arithmetic operation + on ℤ𝑜 =
the set of all odd integers.

COMPLEX NUMBER
2𝑧+1
1. If 𝑧 = 𝑥 + 𝑖𝑦 is a complex number such that Im ( ) = 0, show that the locus of 𝑧 is
𝑖𝑧+1

2𝑥 2 + 2𝑦 2 + 𝑥 − 2𝑦 = 0

𝑧−1 𝜋
2. If 𝑧 = 𝑥 + 𝑖𝑦 and arg ( ) = , show that 𝑥2 + 𝑦2 = 1.
𝑧+1 2
3. Find the cube roots of unity.
4. Find the fourth roots of unity.
5. Solve the equation 𝑧 3 + 8𝑖 = 0, where 𝑧 ∈ ℂ.
6. Find all cube roots of √3 + 𝑖.
7. Suppose 𝑧1 , 𝑧2 , and 𝑧3 are the vertices of an equilateral triangle inscribed in the circle |𝑧| = 2. If
𝑧1 = 1 + 𝑖√3, then find 𝑧2 and 𝑧3 .
8. If 𝜔 ≠ 1 is a cube root of unity, show that

(i) (1 − 𝜔 + 𝜔 2)6 + (1 + 𝜔 − 𝜔 2 )6 = 128.

11
(ii) (1 + 𝜔)(1 + 𝜔2 )(1 + 𝜔 4 )(1 + 𝜔 8 ) ⋯ (1 + 𝜔 2 ) = 1.

1 1
9. If 2cos 𝛼 = 𝑥 + and 2cos 𝛽 = 𝑦 + , show that
𝑥 𝑦
𝑥 𝑦 1
(i) + = 2 cos(𝛼 − 𝛽) (ii) 𝑥𝑦 − = 2𝑖sin(𝛼 + 𝛽)
𝑦 𝑥 𝑥𝑦
𝑥𝑚 𝑦𝑛 1
(iii) − = 2𝑖 sin(𝑚𝛼 − 𝑛𝛽) (iv) 𝑥 𝑚 𝑦 𝑛 + = 2cos(𝑚𝛼 + 𝑛𝛽).
𝑦𝑛 𝑥𝑚 𝑥 𝑚 𝑦𝑛
10. Solve the equation 𝑧3 + 27 = 0.

11. If cos 𝛼 + cos 𝛽 + cos 𝛾 = sin 𝛼 + sin 𝛽 + sin 𝛾 = 0, show that

(i) cos 3𝛼 + cos 3𝛽 + cos 3𝛾 = 3cos(𝛼 + 𝛽 + 𝛾) and

(ii) sin 3𝛼 + sin 3𝛽 + sin 3𝛾 = 3sin(𝛼 + 𝛽 + 𝛾).

−1 √3 −1 √3
12. Show that the points 1, +𝑖 , and −𝑖 are the vertices of an equilateral triangle.
2 2 2 2

13. Let 𝑧1 , 𝑧2, and 𝑧3 be complex numbers such that |𝑧1 | = |𝑧2| = |𝑧3| = 𝑟 > 0 and 𝑧1 + 𝑧2 + 𝑧3 ≠

𝑧1 𝑧2 +𝑧2 𝑧3 +𝑧3 𝑧1
0.Prove that | | = 𝑟.
𝑧1 +𝑧2 +𝑧3

14. If 𝑧1 , 𝑧2 , and 𝑧3 are three complex numbers such that |𝑧1 | = 1, |𝑧2 | = 2, |𝑧3 | = 3 and

|𝑧1 + 𝑧2 + 𝑧3 | = 1, show that |9𝑧1 𝑧2 + 4𝑧1 𝑧3 + 𝑧2 𝑧3 | = 6.

19+9𝑖 15 8+𝑖 15
15. Show that ( ) −( ) is purely imaginary.
5−3𝑖 1+2𝑖

16. State and prove Triangle inequality

MATRICES AND DETERMINANTS

2 1 1
1. Find the inverse of 𝐴 = [3 2 1] by Gauss-Jordan method.
2 1 2
−4 4 4 1 −1 1
2. If 𝐴 = [−7 1 3 ] and 𝐵 = [1 −2 −2], find the products 𝐴𝐵 and 𝐵𝐴 and hence
5 −3 −1 2 1 3
solve the system of equations 𝑥 − 𝑦 + 𝑧 = 4, 𝑥 − 2𝑦 − 2𝑧 = 9, 2𝑥 + 𝑦 + 3𝑧 = 1.
3. The prices of three commodities 𝐴, 𝐵 and 𝐶 are ₹𝑥, 𝑦 and 𝑧 per units respectively. A person 𝑃
purchases 4 units of 𝐵 and sells two units of 𝐴 and 5 units of 𝐶. Person 𝑄 purchases 2 units of
𝐶 and sells 3 units of 𝐴 and one unit of 𝐵. Person 𝑅 purchases one unit of 𝐴 and sells 3 unit of
𝐵 and one unit of 𝐶. In the process, 𝑃, 𝑄 and 𝑅 earn ₹15,000, ₹1,000 and ₹4,000
 respectively. Find the prices per unit of 𝐴, 𝐵 and 𝐶. (Use matrix inversion method to solve the
problem.)
3 4 2 1 2 1 2 5 4
4. Solve by cramer’s rule − − − 1 = 0, + + − 2 = 0, − − +1=0
𝑥 𝑦 𝑧 𝑥 𝑦 𝑧 𝑥 𝑦 𝑧

5. A boy is walking along the path 𝑦 = 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 through the points (−6,8), (−2, −12),
and (3,8). He wants to meet his friend at 𝑃(7,60). Will he meet his friend? (Use Gaussian
elimination method.)

6. If 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 is divided by 𝑥 + 3, 𝑥 − 5, and 𝑥 − 1, the remainders are 21,61 and 9

respectively. Find 𝑎, 𝑏 and 𝑐. (Use Gaussian elimination method.)
7. An amount of ₹65,000 is invested in three bonds at the rates of 6%, 8% and 9% per annum
respectively. The total annual income is ₹4,800. The income from the third bond is ₹600
more than that from the second bond. Determine the price of each bond. (Use Gaussian
elimination method.)
8. Investigate for what values of 𝜆 and 𝜇 the system of linear equations
𝑥 + 2𝑦 + 𝑧 = 7, 𝑥 + 𝑦 + 𝜆𝑧 = 𝜇, 𝑥 + 3𝑦 − 5𝑧 = 5
has (i) no solution (ii) a unique solution (iii) an infinite number of solutions.
9. Find the value of 𝑘 for which the equations 𝑘𝑥 − 2𝑦 + 𝑧 = 1, 𝑥 − 2𝑘𝑦 + 𝑧 = −2, 𝑥 − 2𝑦 +
𝑘𝑧 = 1 have (i) no solution (ii) unique solution (iii) infinitely many solution
10. Investigate the values of 𝜆 and 𝜇 the system of linear equations 2𝑥 + 3𝑦 + 5𝑧 = 9, 7𝑥 + 3𝑦 −
5𝑧 = 8, 2𝑥 + 3𝑦 + 𝜆𝑧 = 𝜇, have
(i) no solution (ii) a unique solution (iii) an infinite number of solutions.
11. Determine the values of 𝜆 for which the following system of equations
𝑥 + 𝑦 + 3𝑧 = 0,4𝑥 + 3𝑦 + 𝜆𝑧 = 0, 2𝑥 + 𝑦 + 2𝑧 = 0 has
(i) a unique solution (ii) a non-trivial solution.
12. By using Gaussian elimination method, balance the chemical reaction equation:
C2 H6 + O2 → H2 O + CO2

PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTION

1. Using binomial distribution find the mean and variance of 𝑋 for the following experiments
(i) A fair coin is tossed 100 times, and 𝑋 denote the number of heads.
(ii) A fair die is tossed 240 times, and 𝑋 denote the number of times that four appeared.
3
2. The probability that a certain kind of component will survive a electrical test is . Find the
4

probability that exactly 3 of the 5 components tested survive.

3. A retailer purchases a certain kind of electronic device from a manufacturer.

The manufacturer indicates that the defective rate of the device is 5%.
The inspector of the retailer randomly picks 10 items from a shipment. What is the probability
that there will be (i) at least one defective item (ii) exactly two defective items?
4. If the probability that a fluorescent light has a useful life of at least 600 hours is 0.9, find the
probabilities that among 12 such lights
(i) exactly 10 will have a useful life of at least 600 hours;
(ii) at least 11 will have a useful life of at least 600 hours;
(iii) at least 2 will not have a useful life of at least 600 hours.

5. The mean and standard deviation of a binomial variate 𝑋 are respectively 6 and 2 .
Find (i) the probability mass function (ii) 𝑃(𝑋 = 3) (iii) 𝑃(𝑋 ≥ 2).

6. If 𝑋 ∼ 𝐵(𝑛, 𝑝) such that 4𝑃(𝑋 = 4) = 𝑃(𝑋 = 2) and 𝑛 = 6. Find the distribution, mean and
standard deviation of 𝑋.
7. On the average, 20% of the products manufactured by ABC Company are found to be defective.
If we select 6 of these products at random and 𝑋 denotes the number of defective products find
the probability that (i) two products are defective (ii) at most one product is defective (iii) at least
two products are defective.
8. Find the mean and variance of a random variable 𝑋, whose probability density function is
−𝜆𝑥
𝑓(𝑥) = {𝜆𝑒 for 𝑥 ≥ 0
0 otherwise
9. Suppose that 𝑓(𝑥) given below represents a probability mass function,

𝑥 1 2 3 4 5 6

𝑓(𝑥) 𝑐2 2𝑐 2 3𝑐 2 4𝑐 2 𝑐 2𝑐

Find (i) the value of c (ii) Mean and variance.

𝑥 0<𝑥<1
10. The probability density function of 𝑋 is 𝑓(𝑥) = {2 − 𝑥 1 ≤ 𝑥 < 2.
0 otherwise
Find (i) 𝑃(0.2 ≤ 𝑋 < 0.6) (ii) 𝑃(1.2 ≤ 𝑋 < 1.8) (iii) 𝑃(0.5 ≤ 𝑋 < 1.5)
11. Suppose the amount of milk sold daily at a milk booth is distributed with a minimum of 200 litres
and a maximum of 600 litres with probability density function
𝑘 200 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 600
𝑓(𝑥) = {
0 otherwise
Find (i) the value of 𝑘 (ii) the distribution function
(iii) the probability that daily sales will fall between 300 litres and 500 litres?
𝑥
−
12. The probability density function of 𝑋 is given by 𝑓(𝑥) = {𝑘𝑒 3 for 𝑥 > 0
0 for 𝑥 ≤ 0
Find (i) the value of 𝑘 (ii) the distribution function (iii) 𝑃(𝑋 < 3)
(iv) 𝑃(5 ≤ 𝑋) (v) 𝑃(𝑋 ≤ 4).
13. If 𝑋 is the random variable with probability density function 𝑓(𝑥) given by,

𝑥 + 1, −1 ≤ 𝑥 < 0
𝑓(𝑥) = {−𝑥 + 1, 0 ≤ 𝑥 < 1
0 otherwise

then find (i) the distribution function 𝐹(𝑥) (ii) 𝑃(−0.5 ≤ 𝑋 ≤ 0.5)

14. If 𝑋 is the random variable with distribution function 𝐹(𝑥) given by,
0, −∞ < 𝑥 < 0
1 2
𝐹(𝑥) = { (𝑥 + 𝑥) 0 ≤ 𝑥 < 1
2
1, 1≤𝑥<∞
then find (i) the probability density function 𝑓(𝑥) (ii) 𝑃(0.3 ≤ 𝑋 ≤ 0.6)
15. Suppose a discrete random variable can only take the values 0,1 , and 2.
The probability mass function is defined by
𝑥2 + 1
𝑓(𝑥) = { 𝑘 , for 𝑥 = 0,1,2
0 otherwise
Find (i) the value of 𝑘 (ii) cumulative distribution function (iii) 𝑃(𝑋 ≥ 1).

16. The cumulative distribution function of a discrete random variable is given by

0 −∞ < 𝑥 < −1
0.15 −1 ≤ 𝑥 < 0
0.35 0≤𝑥<1
𝐹(𝑥) =
0.60 1≤𝑥<2
0.85 2≤𝑥<3
{1 3≤𝑥<∞
Find (i) the probability mass function (ii) 𝑃(𝑋 < 1) and (iii) 𝑃(𝑋 ≥ 2).
17. A random variable 𝑋 has the following probability mass function.

𝑥 1 2 3 4 5

𝑓(𝑥) 𝑘2 2𝑘 2 3𝑘 2 2𝑘 3𝑘

Find (i) the value of 𝑘 (ii) 𝑃(2 ≤ 𝑋 < 5) (iii) 𝑃(3 < 𝑋)

18. A six sided die is marked ' 1 ' on one face, ' 2 ' on two of its faces, and ' 3 ' on remaining three
faces. The die is rolled twice. If 𝑋 denotes the total score in two throws.
(i) Find the probability mass function.
(ii) Find the cumulative distribution function.
(iii) Find 𝑃(3 ≤ 𝑋 < 6) (iv) Find 𝑃(𝑋 ≥ 4).
19. The cumulative distribution function of a discrete random variable is given by
0 for − ∞ < 𝑥 < 0
1
for 0 ≤ 𝑥 < 1
2
3
for 1 ≤ 𝑥 < 2
𝐹(𝑥) = 5
4
for 2 ≤ 𝑥 < 3
5
9
for 3 ≤ 𝑥 < 4
10
{1 for 4 ≤ 𝑥 < ∞
Find (i) the probability mass function (ii) 𝑃(𝑋 < 3) and (iii) 𝑃(𝑋 ≥ 2
APPLICATION OF DIFFERENTIAL CALCULUS

1. A camera is accidentally knocked off an edge of a cliff 400 ft high. The camera falls a distance
of 𝑠 = 16𝑡 2 in 𝑡 seconds.
(i) How long does the camera fall before it hits the ground?
(ii) What is the average velocity with which the camera falls during the last 2 seconds?
(iii) What is the instantaneous velocity of the camera when it hits the ground?
2. A conical water tank with vertex down of 12 metres height has a radius of 5 metres at the top.
If water flows into the tank at a rate 10 cubic m/min, how fast is the depth of the water
increases when the water is 8 metres deep?
3. A ladder 17 metre long is leaning against the wall. The base of the ladder is pulled away
from the wall at a rate of 5 m/s. When the base of the ladder is 8 metres from the wall,
(i) how fast is the top of the ladder moving down the wall?
(ii) at what rate, the area of the triangle formed by the ladder, wall, and the floor, is
changing?
4. A police jeep, approaching an orthogonal intersection from the northern direction, is
chasing a speeding car that has turned and moving straight east. When the jeep is 0.6 km
north of the intersection and the car is 0.8 km to the east. The police determine with a
radar that the distance between them and the car is increasing at 20 km/hr. If the jeep is
moving at 60 km/hr at the instant of measurement, what is the speed of the car?
5. Find the equations of the tangents to the curve 𝑦 = 1 + 𝑥 3 for which the tangent is
orthogonal with the line 𝑥 + 12𝑦 = 12.
𝑥+1
6. Find the equations of the tangents to the curve 𝑦 = which are parallel to the line 𝑥 +
𝑥−1
2𝑦 = 6.
7. Find the equation of tangent and normal to the curve given by 𝑥 = 7cos 𝑡 and 𝑦 =
2sin 𝑡, 𝑡 ∈ ℝ at any point on the curve.
8. Find the angle between the rectangular hyperbola 𝑥𝑦 = 2 and the parabola 𝑥 2 + 4𝑦 = 0.
9. Show that the two curves 𝑥 2 − 𝑦 2 = 𝑟 2 and 𝑥𝑦 = 𝑐 2 where 𝑐, 𝑟 are constants, cut
orthogonally.
10. Evaluate : . lim𝑥→𝜋 (sin 𝑥)𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝑥
2

11. The volume of a cylinder is given by the formula 𝑉 = 𝜋𝑟 2 ℎ. Find the greatest and least
values of 𝑉 if 𝑟 + ℎ = 6.
12. A hollow cone with base radius 𝑎 cm and height 𝑏 cm is placed on a table. Show that the
4
volume of the largest cylinder that can be hidden underneath is times volume of the
9
cone.
13. Prove that among all the rectangles of the given perimeter, the square has the maximum
area.
14. Find the dimensions of the largest rectangle that can be inscribed in a semi circle of
radius 𝑟 cm.
3𝑥
15. Sketch the graph of the function 𝑦 = .
𝑥 2 −1

DIFFERENTIAL AND PARTIAL DERIVATIVE

𝑥+𝑦 ∂𝑢 ∂𝑢 1
1. If 𝑢 = sin−1 ( ), Show that 𝑥 +𝑦 = tan 𝑢.
√𝑥+ √𝑦 ∂𝑥 ∂𝑦 2

𝑥 2 +𝑦2 ∂𝑢 ∂𝑢 3
2. If 𝑢(𝑥, 𝑦) = , prove that 𝑥 +𝑦 = 𝑢.
√𝑥+𝑦 ∂𝑥 ∂𝑦 2

𝑥 2 +𝑦2 ∂𝑣 ∂𝑣
3. If 𝑣(𝑥, 𝑦) = log ( ), prove that 𝑥 +𝑦 =1
𝑥+𝑦 ∂𝑥 ∂𝑦

5𝑥 3 𝑦4 +7𝑦2 𝑥𝑧 4−75𝑦3 𝑧 4 ∂𝑤 ∂𝑤 ∂𝑤
4. If 𝑤(𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧) = log ( ), find 𝑥 +𝑦 +𝑧 .
𝑥 2 +𝑦2 ∂𝑥 ∂𝑦 ∂𝑧

𝑑𝑔
5. Let 𝑔(𝑥, 𝑦) = 𝑥 2 − 𝑦𝑥 + sin(𝑥 + 𝑦), 𝑥(𝑡) = 𝑒 3𝑡 , 𝑦(𝑡) = 𝑡 2 , 𝑡 ∈ ℝ. Find .
𝑑𝑡
∂𝑔 ∂𝑔
6. Let 𝑔(𝑥, 𝑦) = 2𝑦 + 𝑥 2 , 𝑥 = 2𝑟 − 𝑠, 𝑦 = 𝑟 2 + 2𝑠, 𝑟, 𝑠 ∈ ℝ. Find , .
∂𝑟 ∂𝑠

APPLICATION OF INTEGRATION
𝜋
𝜋
1. Prove that ∫04 log(1 + tan 𝑥)𝑑𝑥 = log 2.
8
3 √𝑥
2. Evaluate ∫2 𝑑𝑥
√5−𝑥+√𝑥
2
𝜋 cos 𝑥
3. Evaluate ∫−𝜋 𝑑𝑥
1+𝑎 𝑥
3𝜋
1
4. 𝐸𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑒 ∫𝜋8 𝑑𝑥
1+√tan 𝑥
8
5. Find the area of the region bounded between the parabola 𝑥 2 = 𝑦 and the curve 𝑦 = |𝑥|.
6. Find the area of the region bounded by the parabola 𝑦 2 = 𝑥 and the line 𝑦 = 𝑥 − 2.

7. Find the area of the region common to the circle 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 = 16 and the parabola 𝑦 2 = 6𝑥.

8. Find the volume of a right-circular cone of base radius 𝑟 and height ℎ.

𝑥2
9. Find the volume of the solid formed by revolving the region bounded by the ellipse +
𝑎2
𝑦2
= 1, 𝑎 > 𝑏 about the major axis.
𝑏2
10. Find, by integration, the volume of the solid generated by revolving about 𝑦-axis the
region bounded by the curves 𝑦 = log 𝑥 , 𝑦 = 0, 𝑥 = 0 and 𝑦 = 2.
 ORDINARY DIFFERENTIAL EQUATION
1. The rate of increase in the number of bacteria in a certain bacteria culture is proportional to
the number present. Given that the number triples in 5 hours, find how many bacteria will
be present after 10 hours?

2. Find the population of a city at any time 𝑡, given that the rate of increase of population is
proportional to the population at that instant and that in a period of 40 years the population
increased from 3,00,000 to 4,00,000.
−1 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
3. Solve : (𝑦 − 𝑒 sin ) + √1 − 𝑥 2 = 0
𝑑𝑦

𝑥
4. Solve (1 + 2𝑒 𝑥/𝑦 )𝑑𝑥 + 2𝑒 𝑥/𝑦 (1 − ) 𝑑𝑦 = 0.
𝑦

5. (𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 )𝑑𝑦 = 𝑥𝑦 𝑑𝑥. It is given that 𝑦(1) = 1 and 𝑦(𝑥0) = 𝑒. Find the value of 𝑥0.
𝑥
6. Solve (𝑦𝑑𝑥 − 𝑥𝑑𝑦)cot ( ) = 𝑛𝑦 2 𝑑𝑥
𝑦

7. Water at temperature 100∘ C cools in 10 minutes to 80∘ C in a room temperature of 25∘ C.

Find
(i) The temperature of water after 20 minutes
11
(ii) The time when the temperature is 40∘ C [log𝑒 = −0.3101; log𝑒 5 = 1.6094]
15

𝑑𝑦
8. Solve = tan2 (𝑥 + 𝑦)
𝑑𝑥