Solution

WORKSHEET-1 (UNITS AND DIMENSIONS, MOTION 1D & MOTION-2D

Class 11 - Physics
1. Length of sheet, l = 4.234 m
Breadth of sheet, b = 1.005 m
Thickness of sheet, h = 2.01 cm = 0.0201 m
The given table lists the respective significant figures:
Qunatity Number Significant Figure
l 4.234 4
b 1.005 4
h 0.0201 3
Hence, area and volume both must have at least 3 significant figures.
Now, surface area of the sheet = 2 (l × b + b × h + h × l)
= 2(4.234 × 1.005 + 1.005 × 0.0201 + 0.0201 × 4.234)
= 2(4.25517 + 0.0202005 + 0.0851034)
= 2 × 4.36
= 8.72 m2 (three significant figures)
Volume of the sheet = = l × b × h
= 4.234 × 1.005 × 0.0201
= 0.0855 m3 (three significant figures)
This number has only 3 significant figures i.e., 8, 5, and 5.
2. Radius of hydrogen atom, r = 0.5 A = 0.5 × 10 − 10m
4
Volume of hydrogen atom = πr 3
3
4 22
= ×
3 7 (
× 0.5 × 10 − 10
3
)
= 0.524 × 10 − 30m 3
1 mole of hydrogen contains 6.023 × 10 23 hydrogen atoms.
∴ Volume of 1 mole of hydrogen atoms = 6.023 × 10 23 × 0.524 × 10 − 30
= 3.16 × 10 − 7m 3
3. 107
1.
4. Mass of grocer's box = 2.300 kg
Mass of gold piece I = 20.15g = 0.02015 kg
Mass of gold piece II = 20.17 g = 0.02017 kg
a. Total mass of the box = 2.3 + 0.02015 + 0.02017 = 2.34032 kg
In addition, the final result should retain as many decimal places as there are in the
number with the least decimal places. Hence, the total mass of the box is 2.3 kg.
b. Difference in masses = 20.17 - 20.15 = 0.02 g
In subtraction, the final result should retain as many decimal places as there are in the

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 number with the least decimal places.
5. Initial velocity, u = 126 km/hr = 35 m/s
Final velocity, v = 0 s = 200 m
Distance covered by the car before coming to rest, s = 200 m
From third equation of motion, a can be calculated as:
v2 - u2 = 2as
v2 − u2
a=
2s
( 0 ) 2 − ( 35 ) 2
a=
2 × 200
a = - 3.06 m/s2 (Retardation)
Now use the equation, V = u + at, we have
V−u 0 − 35
t= =
a − 3.06
t = 11.44s
6. Speed of the police van, vp = 30 km/h = 8.33 m/s
Muzzle speed of the bullet, vb = 150 m/s
Speed of the thief's car, vt = 192 km/h = 53.33 m/s
Since the bullet is fired from a moving van, its resultant speed can be obtained as:
= 150 + 8.33 = 158.33 m/s
Since both the vehicles are moving in the same direction, the velocity with which the bullet
hits the thief's car can be obtained as:
vbt = vb - vt = 158.33 - 53.33 = 105 m/s
7. From the definition of average acceleration, we have
dv
a= dv = adt
dt
Integrating on both sides and taking the limit for velocity u to v and for time 0 to t, we get
∫ vudv = ∫ t0adt = a∫ t0dt = a[t] t0[a is constant]
v - u = at
v = u + at .....................(i)
Now, from the definition of velocity, we have
dx
v= dx = vdt
dt
Integrating on both sides and taking the limit for displacement x0 to x and for time 0 to t,
we get

[]
t
t t t t2
∫ xx dx = ∫ 0vdt = ∫ 0(u + at)dt = v 0[t] 0 + a
0 2 0

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 1
x - x0 = ut + at2
2
1
x = x0 + ut + at2 ..........................(ii)
2
Now, we can write
dv dv dx dv
a= = = v or vdv = adx
dt dx dt dx
Integrating on both sides and taking the limit for velocity u to v and for displacement x0 to
x, we get
v2 − u2
v x
∫ uvdv = ∫ x adx;
0 2
= a x − x0 ( )
v2 = u2 + 2a(x - x0) ........................(iii)
Equations (i), (ii) and (iii) are the required equations of motion.
8. An object released near the surface of the Earth is accelerated downward under the
influence of the force of gravity. The magnitude of acceleration due to gravity is
represented by g. If air resistance is neglected, the object is said to be in free fall.
9. For simple harmonic motion (SHM) of a particle, acceleration (a) is given by the relation:
a = − ω 2x…..(i)
where ω angular frequency and x = displacement
dx
and velocity of the particle, v = .....(ii)
dt
dx
where = slope of x-t plot
dt
Now at t = 0.3 s
In this time interval, x is negative. Thus, the slope of the x-t plot will also be negative.
From equation (ii) again, velocity is the slope of x-t plot. Therefore, both position and
velocity are negative. However, using equation (i), acceleration of the particle will be
positive.
Now at t = 1.2 s
In this time interval, x is positive. Thus, the slope of the x-t plot i.e. the velocity of the
particle will also be positive from equation (ii).
Therefore, both position and velocity are positive. However, using equation (i),
acceleration of the particle comes to be negative.
And at t = -1.2 s
In this time interval, x is negative and t is also negative. Hence, the slope of the x-t plot i.e.
the velocity of the particle will be positive here from equation (ii). From equation (i), it can
be inferred that the acceleration of the particle will be positive, as x is negative.
10. Let us divide the time interval of motion of an object under free fall into many equal
intervals τ and find out the distances traversed during successive intervals of time. Since
1
initial velocity is zero, we have y = − gt 2
2

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 Using this equation, we can calculate the position of the object after different time
intervals, 0 τ, 2τ 3τ. If we take (–1/2) gτ2 as y0 - the position coordinate after the first-time
interval τ, then the third column gives the positions in the unit of yo. The fourth column
gives the distances traversed in successive τs. We find that the distances are in the simple
ratio 1: 3: 5: 7: 9: 11… as shown in the last column. This law was established by Galileo
Galilei (1564-1642) who was the first to make quantitative studies of free fall.
11. Maximum horizontal distance, R = 100m
The cricketer will only be able to throw the ball to the maximum horizontal distance when
the angle of projection is 45∘, i.e., = 45∘.
The max horizontal range for a projection velocity v is given by the relation:
u2
Rmax =
g
u2
100 =
g
The ball will achieve the maximum height when it is thrown vertically upward. For such
motion, the final velocity v is zero at the maximum height H.
Acceleration, a = g
Using the third equation of motion:
v2 − u2 = −2gH
u2 100
H= = = 50m
2g 2
12.
i. As we know î and ĵ are unit vectors, Magnitude of (î + ĵ) = √(1) 2 + (1) 2 = √2 units
If vector (î + ĵ) makes an angle of θ with the x - axis, then
Ay 1
tanθ = = = 1 = tan 45° or θ = 45°
Ax 1

ii. Similarly, magnitude of

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 (î − ĵ) = √(1) 2 + ( − 1) 2 = √2
If vector (î − ĵ) makes an angle θ, with x - axis, then
Ay ( −1)
tanθ = = = −1
Ax 1
= − tan45 ∘ θ = − 45 ∘ with î
Hence, resultant vector (î − ĵ) makes an angle of 45° from x-axis in negative direction.
iii. To determine the component of A = 2î + 3ĵ in the direction of (î + ĵ)
Let us assume B = (î + ĵ), then
A.B = AB cosθ = (A cosθ). B
or Acosθ = \frac { \mathbf { A } \cdot \mathbf { B } } { B }
\Rightarrow A \cos \theta = \frac { \mathbf { A } \cdot \mathbf { B } } { B } = \frac { ( 2
\hat { \mathbf { i } } + 3 \hat { \mathbf { j } } ) \cdot ( \hat { \mathbf { i } } + \hat {
\mathbf { j } } ) } { \sqrt { ( 1 ) ^ { 2 } + ( 1 ) ^ { 2 } } }
= \frac { 2 \hat { \mathbf { i } } \cdot \hat { \mathbf { i } } + 3 \hat { \mathbf { j } }
\cdot \hat { \mathbf { j } } } { \sqrt { 2 } }
= \frac { 2 + 3 } { \sqrt { 2 } } = \frac { 5 } { \sqrt { 2 } }. This is the component of
vector A in the direction of ( \hat { \mathbf { i } } + \hat { \mathbf { j } } )
iv. Unit vector along ( \hat { \mathbf { i } } + \hat { \mathbf { j } } ) , \hat { \mathbf { n } }
= \frac { ( \hat { \mathbf { i } } + \hat { \mathbf { j } } ) } { | \hat { \mathbf { i } } +
\hat { \mathbf { j } } | } = \frac { ( \hat { \mathbf { i } } + \hat { \mathbf { j } } ) } {
\sqrt { 2 } }
Component of A along ( \hat { \mathbf { i } } - \hat { \mathbf { j } } )
The magnitude of the component of A in the direction of
( \hat { \mathbf { i } } - \hat { \mathbf { j } } ) = \frac { ( 2 \hat { \mathbf { i } } + 3 \hat
{ \mathbf { j } } ) \cdot ( \hat { \mathbf { i } } - \hat { \mathbf { j } } ) } { | \hat {
\mathbf { i } } - \hat { \mathbf { j } } | } = \frac { 2 \hat { \mathbf { i } } \cdot \hat {
\mathbf { i } } - 3 \hat { \mathbf { j } } \hat { \mathbf { j } } } { \sqrt { ( 1 ) ^ { 2 } + ( -
1 ) ^ { 2 } } } = \frac { 2 - 3 } { \sqrt { 2 } } = \frac { -1 } { \sqrt { 2 } }. This is the
component of vector A in the direction of ( \hat { \mathbf { i } } - \hat { \mathbf { j } }
).
13.
i. The maximum height attained by the ball is given by the equation,
H _ { m } = \frac { \left( v _ { 0 } \sin \theta _ { 0 } \right) ^ { 2 } } { 2 g }
= \frac { \left( 28 \sin 30 ^ { \circ } \right) ^ { 2 } } { 2 ( 9.8 ) } = \frac { 14 \times 14 }
{ 2 \times 9.8 }= 10.0 m
ii. The time taken by the ball to return to the same level, i.e. time of flight is given by the
equation
T =\left( 2 v _ { 0 } \sin \theta _ { 0 } \right) / g = \left( 2 \times 28 \times \sin 30 ^ {
\circ } \right) / 9.8
= 28/9.8 = 2.9 s
iii. The distance from the thrower to the point where the ball returns to the same level is the
range of the projectile given by the relation

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 R = \frac { \left( v _ { 0 } ^ { 2 } \sin 2 \theta _ { 0 } \right) } { g } = \frac { 28 \times
28 \times \sin 60 ^ { \circ } } { 9.8 }= 69.3 m
14.
i. A lives closer to school than B. In the given x-t graph, it can be observed that distance
OP < OQ. Hence, the distance of the school from the A's home is less than that from B's
home.
ii. A starts from school earlier than B. In the given graph, it can be observed that for x = 0,
t = 0 for A, whereas for x = 0, t has some finite value for B. Thus, A starts his journey
from school earlier than B.
iii. B walks faster than A. In the given x-t graph, it can be observed that the slope of B is
greater than that of A. Since the slope of the x-t graph gives the speed, a greater slope
means that the speed of B is greater than the speed A.
iv. A and B reach home at the different time. It is clear from the given graph that both A
and B reach their respective homes at the different time.
v. B overtakes A once on the road. B moves later than A and his/her speed is greater than
that of A. From the graph, it is clear that B overtakes A only once on the road.
15.
a. The given x-t graph, shown in (a), does not represent one-dimensional motion of the
particle. This is because a particle cannot have two positions at the same instant of time.
b. The given v-t graph, shown in (b), does not represent one-dimensional motion of the
particle. This is because a particle can never have two values of velocity at the same
instant of time.
c. The given v-t graph, shown in (c), does not represent one-dimensional motion of the
particle. This is because speed being a scalar quantity cannot be negative.
d. The given v-t graph, shown in (d), does not represent one-dimensional motion of the
particle. This is because the total path length travelled by the particle cannot decrease
with time.

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