REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES

NUEVA ECIJA UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

CABANATUAN CITY, NUEVA ECIJA

COMPREHENSIVE EXAMINATION
IN DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION
Instructor: Engr. Derick Aldrin L. Esteban
REINFORCED
CONCRETE DESIGN
(BEAMS - USD)
BEAMS
Beams are defined as the structural member which is used to bear different loads. It resists the
vertical loads, shear forces and bending moments.
SINGLY REINFORCED BEAMS
SINGLY REINFORCED BEAMS
𝟏
𝒅′ = 𝒄𝒐𝒏𝒄𝒓𝒆𝒕𝒆 𝒄𝒐𝒗𝒆𝒓 + 𝒅𝒕 + 𝒅𝒃
𝟐

Clear cover of ties shall not be less

than the following:
▪ 40mm
▪ Diameter of Longitudinal bars
▪ 𝟒Τ𝟑 the maximum size of
aggregates
Or the largest among the three
 SINGLY REINFORCED BEAMS
LIMITS OF REINFORCEMENT
2010 NSCP Code
𝝆𝒎𝒊𝒏 < 𝝆 < 𝝆𝒎𝒂𝒙
𝐴𝑠 For Design
𝜌= 𝒇′ 𝒄 𝟑
𝟏. 𝟒 𝐴𝑔 𝝆𝒎𝒂𝒙 = 𝟎. 𝟖𝟓𝜷 ∙
𝝆𝒎𝒊𝒏 = 𝒇𝒚 𝟖
𝒇𝒚
𝑨𝒔
𝝆=
𝑓′𝑐 𝒃𝒅 For Analysis
𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 𝒇′𝒄 𝟑
4𝑓𝑦 𝝆𝒎𝒂𝒙 = 𝟎. 𝟖𝟓𝜷 ∙
𝐴𝑠 = 𝜌𝑏𝑑 𝒇𝒚 𝟕
Or the higher of the two
SINGLY REINFORCED BEAMS

෍𝐹 = 0

𝐶=𝑇

0.85𝑓′𝑐 𝑎𝑏 = 𝐴𝑠 𝑓𝑠

𝑨𝒔 𝒇𝒔
𝒂=
𝟎. 𝟖𝟓𝒇′𝒄 𝒃
SINGLY REINFORCED BEAMS
2010 NSCP Code 𝒂 = 𝜷𝒄

Where: 𝜷 = 𝟎. 𝟖𝟓 if 𝑓′𝑐 ≤ 28𝑀𝑃𝑎

or
𝟎.𝟎𝟓(𝒇′ 𝒄 −𝟐𝟖)
𝜷 = 𝟎. 𝟖𝟓 − if 𝑓′𝑐 > 28𝑀𝑃𝑎
𝟕

but
𝛽 ≥ 0.65
SINGLY REINFORCED BEAMS

𝐚
𝐌𝐧 = 𝐂 ∙ 𝐝 −
𝟐
𝐚
𝐌𝐧 = 𝐓 ∙ 𝐝 −
𝟐

Design Capacity, 𝐌𝐮 = ∅𝐌𝐧

SINGLY REINFORCED BEAMS
2010 NSCP CODE
▪ Compression Controlled (𝒇𝒔 < 𝒇𝒚 )
∅ = 0.65

▪ Transition Point
𝑓𝑠 −𝑓𝑦
∅ = 0.65 + 0.25
1000 −𝑓𝑦

▪ Tension Controlled(𝝐𝒔 ≥ 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟓 𝐨𝐫 𝒇𝒔 > 𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎)

∅ = 0.9
SAMPLE PROBLEM:
ANALYIS OF SINGLY
REINFORCED BEAM
SINGLY REINFORCED BEAMS
ANALYSIS PROCEDURE

▪ Check if 𝜌 < 𝜌𝑚𝑎𝑥

▪ C=T, to solve for a.
▪ Check if steel yields.
▪ Identify ∅.
▪ Solve for Ultimate Moment
SAMPLE PROBLEM
SINGLY REINFORCED BEAMS

A 6m simply supported beam has a width b=300mm and a total depth =450mm. It is
reinforced with 4-25mm ∅ at the tension side and 2-25mm ∅ at the compression side
with 70mm cover to centroid of reinforcements. 𝑓𝑐′ = 28MPa and 𝑓𝑦 = 415 MPa.

▪ Determine the depth of compression block.

▪ Determine the nominal bending moment.
▪ Determine the total factored uniform load including the beam’s weight considering
moment capacity reduction factor of 0.9.
▪ Given:
▪ b = 300mm SAMPLE PROBLEMS
▪ h = 450mm SINGLY REINFORCED BEAMS
▪ d‘= 70mm A 6m simply supported beam has a
2
▪ 4-25mm ∅ As = 625𝜋 mm width b=300mm and a total depth
▪ 𝑓𝑐′ = 28MPa =450mm. It is reinforced with 4-
25mm ∅ at the tension side and 2-
▪ 𝑓𝑦 = 415MPa
25mm ∅ at the compression side
with 70mm cover to centroid of
reinforcements. 𝑓𝑐′ = 28MPa and 𝑓𝑦
▪ Depth of compression block, a.
= 415 MPa.
Assume bars yield.
𝐴𝑠 𝑓𝑦 • Determine the depth of
𝑎= compression block.
0.85𝑓′𝑐 𝑏
• Determine the nominal bending
moment.
625𝜋 ∙ 415
a= • Determine the total factored
0.85 ∙ 28 ∙ 300
uniform load including the
beam’s weight considering
𝒂 = 𝟏𝟏𝟒. 𝟏𝟐𝟒𝟕𝒎𝒎 moment capacity reduction
factor of 0.9.
 SAMPLE PROBLEMS
▪ Checking: SINGLY REINFORCED BEAMS
𝑎
𝑐= Given:
𝛽 b = 300mm
114.1247 h = 450mm
c=
0.85 d‘= 70mm
c = 134.2644 4-25mm ∅
𝑓𝑐′ = 30MPa
𝑓𝑦 = 415MPa
600 𝑑 − 𝑐 a = 114.1247mm
𝑓𝑠 =
𝑐
600 380 − 134.2644 Required:
fs =
134.2644
Depth of compression block, a
fs = 1098.14 MPa > fy
Nominal Bending Moment, Mn
 SAMPLE PROBLEMS
a
SINGLY REINFORCED BEAMS
Mn = C ∙ d − Given:
2
a b = 300mm
= 0.85𝑓′𝑐 𝑎𝑏 ∙ d −
2 h = 450mm
d‘= 70mm
a 4-25mm ∅
Mn = T ∙ d −
2 𝑓𝑐′ = 30MPa
= 𝐴𝑠 𝑓𝑦 ∙ d −
a 𝑓𝑦 = 415MPa
2
a = 114.1247mm
114.1247
= 625π ∙ 415 ∙ 380 −
2
= 263 145 922.6𝑁 ∙ 𝑚𝑚 Required:
𝑴𝒏 = 𝟐𝟔𝟑. 𝟏𝟒𝟓𝟗 𝐤𝐍 ∙ 𝐦 Nominal Bending Moment, Mn
SAMPLE PROBLEMS
SINGLY REINFORCED BEAMS
Given:
b = 300mm
h = 450mm
d‘= 70mm
4-25mm ∅
𝑓𝑐′ = 30MPa
𝑓𝑦 = 415MPa
a = 114.1247mm
Mn = 263.1459kN-m
L = 6m
Required:
Determine the total factored
uniform load including the beam’s
weight considering moment
capacity reduction factor of 0.9.
 SAMPLE PROBLEMS
SINGLY REINFORCED BEAMS
Given:
𝑤𝐿2 b = 300mm
𝑀𝑢 =
8 h = 450mm
𝑤𝐿2 d‘= 70mm
∅Mn = 4-25mm ∅
8
𝑓𝑐′ = 30MPa
𝑤 ∙ 62
0.9 ∙ 263.1459 = 𝑓𝑦 = 415MPa
8
a = 114.1247mm
𝒘𝒖 = 𝟓𝟐. 𝟔𝟑 𝒌𝑵/𝒎 Mn = 263.1459 kN-m
L = 6m
Required:
Determine the total factored
uniform load including the beam’s
weight considering moment
capacity reduction factor of 0.9.
SAMPLE PROBLEM 2
SINGLY REINFORCED BEAMS

Given a rectangular beam having a width of 300mm and an effective depth of

500mm. The beam is reinforced for tension only with steel area of 3400sq.mm.
𝑓𝑐′ = 21MPa and 𝑓𝑦 = 415 MPa

▪ Determine the ultimate moment capacity of the beam section.

▪ Find the ultimate concentrated load that the beam can carry in a simple span of
5m.
▪ Given:
▪ b = 300mm
SAMPLE PROBLEM 2
▪ d = 500mm
SINGLY REINFORCED BEAMS
▪ As = 3400sq.mm. Given a rectangular beam having a
width of 300mm and an effective
▪ 𝑓𝑐′ = 21MPa
depth of 500mm. The beam is
▪ 𝑓𝑦 = 415MPa reinforced for tension only with
steel area of 3400sq.mm.
𝑓𝑐′ = 21MPa and 𝑓𝑦 = 415 MPa
▪ Depth of compression block, a.
Assume bars yield.
𝐴𝑠 𝑓𝑠 • Determine the ultimate moment
𝑎=
0.85𝑓′𝑐 𝑏 capacity of the beam section.
• Find the ultimate concentrated
3400 ∙ 415 load that the beam can carry in
a= a simple span of 5m.
0.85 ∙ 21 ∙ 300

𝒂 = 𝟐𝟔𝟑. 𝟒𝟗𝟐𝟏𝒎𝒎
▪ Checking:
SAMPLE PROBLEM 2
𝑎 SINGLY REINFORCED BEAMS
𝑐=
𝛽 Given:
263.4921 Given:
c= b = 300mm
0.85
c = 309.9907 d = 500mm
As = 3400sq.mm.
𝑓𝑐′ = 21MPa
600 𝑑 − 𝑐 𝑓𝑦 = 415MPa
𝑓𝑠 =
𝑐 𝒂 = 𝟐𝟔𝟑. 𝟒𝟗𝟐𝟏𝒎𝒎
600 500 − 309.9907
fs =
309.9907 Required:
fs = 367.7710MPa < fy
Ultimate Moment, Mu
Assumption is wrong.
RESOLVE FOR c and a: SAMPLE PROBLEM 2
𝟎. 𝟖𝟓𝒇′𝒄 𝒂𝒃 = 𝑨𝒔 𝒇𝒔 SINGLY REINFORCED BEAMS
600 𝑑 − 𝑐
𝑓𝑠 = Given:
𝑐
a = βc Given:
600 d − c b = 300mm
0.85f′c βcb = As
c d = 500mm
600 500 − c
0.85 ∙ 21 ∙ 0.85 ∙ c ∙ 300 = 3400 ∙ As = 3400sq.mm.
c
𝑓𝑐′ = 21MPa
c = 299.6525 𝑓𝑦 = 415MPa

𝑎 = βc = 0.85 ∙ 299.6525
𝑎 = 254.7046 Required:
Ultimate Moment, Mu
600 500 − 299.6525
fs =
299.6525
fs = 401.1596MPa <fy
 SAMPLE PROBLEM 2
SINGLY REINFORCED BEAMS
Given:
b = 300mm
d = 500mm
a
M𝑢 = ∅Mn = ∅ T ∙ d − As = 3400sq.mm.
2
a 𝑓𝑐′ = 21MPa
= ∅ 𝐴𝑠 𝑓𝑠 ∙ d −
2 𝑓𝑦 = 415MPa
254.7046 𝑎 = 254.7046
= 0.65 ∙ 3400 ∙ 401.1597 ∙ 500 −
2
fs = 401.1597MPa
𝑴𝒖 = 𝟑𝟑𝟎. 𝟑𝟕𝟓𝟔𝐤𝐍 ∙ 𝐦
2010 NSCP Code Required:
Ultimate Moment, Mu
SAMPLE PROBLEM 2
SINGLY REINFORCED BEAMS
Given:
𝑴𝒖 = 𝟒𝟓𝟕. 𝟒𝟒𝟑𝟐𝐤𝐍 ∙ 𝐦
2001 NSCP Code
𝑴𝒖 = 𝟑𝟑𝟎. 𝟑𝟕𝟓𝟔𝐤𝐍 ∙ 𝐦
2010 NSCP Code
L = 5m
Required:
• Find the ultimate concentrated
load that the beam can carry in
a simple span of 5m.
 SAMPLE PROBLEM 2
SINGLY REINFORCED BEAMS
Given:
2010 NSCP Code 𝑴𝒖 = 𝟒𝟓𝟕. 𝟒𝟒𝟑𝟐𝐤𝐍 ∙ 𝐦
2001 NSCP Code
𝑃𝐿 𝑴𝒖 = 𝟑𝟑𝟎. 𝟑𝟕𝟓𝟔𝐤𝐍 ∙ 𝐦
𝑀𝑢 =
4 2010 NSCP Code
𝑃∙5 L = 5m
330.3756 =
4 Required:

𝐏 = 𝟐𝟔𝟒. 𝟑𝟎𝒌𝑵 • Ultimate Concentrated Load, P

SAMPLE PROBLEM:
DESIGN OF SINGLY
REINFORCED BEAM
SINGLY REINFORCED BEAMS
DESIGN PROCEDURE
𝑀𝑢 = ∅𝑅𝑛 𝑏𝑑 2

𝑴𝒖 𝑀𝑢 = ∅𝑓′𝑐 𝜔𝑏𝑑 2 1 − 0.59𝜔

𝑹𝒏 =
∅𝒃𝒅𝟐
𝜌𝑓𝑦
𝜔=
𝑓′𝑐
𝟎. 𝟖𝟓𝒇′𝒄 𝟐𝑹𝒏
𝝆= 𝟏− 𝟏−
𝒇𝒚 𝟎. 𝟖𝟓𝒇′𝒄
SINGLY REINFORCED BEAMS
DESIGN PROCEDURE
𝟎. 𝟖𝟓𝒇′𝒄 𝟐𝑹𝒏 2𝑅𝑛 2𝜔 𝜔2 −0.85
𝝆= 𝟏− 𝟏− 1− ′
=1− +
𝒇𝒚 𝟎. 𝟖𝟓𝒇′𝒄 0.85𝑓 𝑐 0.85 0.852 2
𝑅𝑛 𝜔2
=𝜔−
𝜌𝑓𝑦 2𝑅𝑛 𝝆𝒇𝒚 𝑓 ′𝑐 2 ∙ 0.85
= 1− 1− 𝝎= 𝑅𝑛 𝜔2
0.85𝑓′𝑐 0.85𝑓′𝑐 𝒇′𝒄 =𝜔−
𝑓𝑐 ′ 1.7
𝜔 2𝑅𝑛 𝑅𝑛
=1− 1− = 𝜔 1 − 0.59𝜔
0.85 0.85𝑓′𝑐 𝑓 ′𝑐
𝑅𝑛 = 𝑓 ′ 𝑐 𝜔 1 − 0.59𝜔
2 𝑴𝒖 = ∅𝑹𝒏 𝒃𝒅𝟐
2𝑅𝑛𝑛 𝜔𝜔 𝑀𝑢 = ∅𝑓 ′ 𝑐 𝜔 1 + 0.59𝜔 𝑏𝑑 2
11 −
− =
= 11−− 𝑴𝒖 = ∅𝒇′𝒄 𝝎𝒃𝒅𝟐 𝟏 − 𝟎. 𝟓𝟗𝝎
0.85𝑓′𝑐𝑐 0.85
0.85
SINGLY REINFORCED BEAMS
DESIGN PROCEDURE
▪ Solve for 𝑅𝑛 , Coefficient of Resisting Moment / Concrete Beam Design Ratio
▪ To solve for 𝜌

▪ Check if 𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 ≤ 𝜌 ≤ 𝜌𝑚𝑎𝑥

▪ If 𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 > 𝜌, 𝑢𝑠𝑒𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛
▪ If 𝜌 > 𝜌𝑚𝑎𝑥 , Doubly Reinforced Beam

▪ Solve for 𝐴𝑠
▪ Compute for a & c
▪ Check if it is tension controlled/steel yields.
▪ Compute for number of bars.
SAMPLE PROBLEM 3
SINGLY REINFORCED BEAMS: DESIGN
A beam section of 300mm and height of 450mm has an effective depth of 380mm.
Compressive strength of concrete, 𝑓𝑐′ = 30MPa and steel strength, 𝑓𝑦 = 415Mpa. The
beam is simply supported on a span of 5m and carries the following load
Dead Load = 16kN/m
Live Load = 14kN/m

▪ What is the maximum moment at ultimate condition?

▪ Find the number of 16mm ∅ bars required.
▪ Given:
▪ b = 300mm SAMPLE PROBLEM 3
▪ d = 380mm
SINGLY REINFORCED BEAMS: DESIGN
▪ 𝑓𝑐′ = 30MPa
A beam section of 300mm and
▪ 𝑓𝑦 = 415MPa height of 450mm has an effective
▪ L = 5m depth of 380mm. Compressive
▪ DL = 16kn/m strength of concrete, 𝑓𝑐′ = 30MPa
and steel strength, 𝑓𝑦 = 415Mpa.
▪ LL =14kN/m The beam is simply supported on a
span of 5m and carries the
wu = 1.2DL + 1.6 LL (2010 NSCP Code) following load
Dead Load = 16kN/m
wu = 1.2(16) + 1.6(14)
Live Load = 14kN/m
𝑤u =41.6kN/m
𝑤𝐿2
𝑀𝑢 = • What is the maximum moment
8
461.6 ∙ 52 at ultimate condition?
=
8 • Find the number of 16mm ∅
𝑴𝒖 = 𝟏𝟑𝟎𝒌𝑵 ∙ 𝒎 (2010 NSCP Code) bars required.
 SAMPLE PROBLEM 3
SINGLY REINFORCED BEAMS: DESIGN
𝑀𝑢
𝑅𝑛 = Given:
∅𝑏𝑑 2
130∙106 b = 300mm
= d = 380mm
0.9 ∙ 300 ∙ 380 2

𝑹𝒏 = 𝟑. 𝟑𝟑𝟒𝟒 𝑓𝑐′ = 30MPa

𝑓𝑦 = 415MPa
L = 5m
0.85𝑓′𝑐 2𝑅𝑛
𝜌= 1− 1− DL = 16kn/m
𝑓𝑦 0.85𝑓′𝑐
LL =14kN/m
0.85 ∙ 30 2 ∙3.3344 Mu = 130kN ∙ m
= 1− 1−
415 0.85 ∙ 30

𝝆 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟖𝟔 Required:
• Find the number of 16mm ∅
bars required.
 1.4
SAMPLE PROBLEM 3
𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 =
𝑓𝑦 SINGLY REINFORCED BEAMS: DESIGN
=
1.4 Given:
415 b = 300mm
𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 0.0034 d = 380mm
𝑓𝑐′ = 30MPa
𝑓′𝑐 3 𝑓𝑦 = 415MPa
𝜌𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 0.85𝛽 ∙
𝑓𝑦 8
L = 5m
30 3
= 0.85 ∙ 0.8357 ∙ DL = 16kn/m
415 8
𝟎. 𝟎𝟓(𝒇′ 𝒄 − 𝟐𝟖) LL =14kN/m
𝜌𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 0.0193 𝜷 = 𝟎. 𝟖𝟓 −
𝟕 Mu = 130kN ∙ m
0.05(30 − 28)
= 0.85 −
𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 ≤ 𝜌 ≤ 𝜌𝑚𝑎𝑥 7 Required:
𝛽 = 0.8357
0.0034 ≤ 0.0086 ≤ 0.0193 • Find the number of 16mm ∅
bars required.
𝑨𝒔 = 𝝆𝒃𝒅 SAMPLE PROBLEM 3
SINGLY REINFORCED BEAMS: DESIGN
= 0.0086 ∙ 300 ∙ 380
Given:
𝐴𝑠 = 980.4𝑚𝑚2 b = 300mm
d = 380mm
𝑎=
𝐴𝑠 𝑓𝑠 𝑓𝑐′ = 30MPa
0.85𝑓′𝑐 𝑏
𝑓𝑦 = 415MPa
980.4∙415
a=
0.85∙30∙300
L = 5m
𝑎 = 53.1851𝑚𝑚 DL = 16kn/m
LL =14kN/m
𝑎 Mu = 130kN ∙ m
𝑐=
𝛽 𝜌 = 0.0086
53.1851
c= Required:
0.8357

c = 63.6414mm • Find the number of 16mm ∅

bars required.
 SAMPLE PROBLEM 3
SINGLY REINFORCED BEAMS: DESIGN
Given:
𝑓𝑠 =
600 𝑑−𝑐 b = 300mm
𝑐
600 380−63.6414
d = 380mm
fs = 𝑓𝑐′ = 30MPa
63.6414
fs = 2982.5736MPa > fy 𝑜𝑟 1000 𝑓𝑦 = 415MPa
∴ 𝑇𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑜𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑑 L = 5m
DL = 16kn/m
980.4 𝑚𝑚2
𝑛=𝜋 LL =14kN/m
4
∙ 16𝑚𝑚 2
Mu = 130kN ∙ m
= 4.876
𝜌 = 0.0086
Say 6-16mm ∅ 𝐴𝑠 = 980.4𝑚𝑚2
Required:
• Find the number of 16mm ∅
bars required.
BREAK TIME!
BE BACK IN 10MINUTES

ME MOST OF
THE TIME WHEN
WAITING FOR
YOU TO
ANSWER.
DOUBLY REINFORCED
BEAMS
DOUBLY REINFORCED BEAMS
DOUBLY REINFORCED BEAMS

σ Fh = 0
C + Cs = T
𝟎. 𝟖𝟓𝐟′𝐜 𝐚𝐛 + 𝐀′𝐬 𝐟𝐲 = 𝐀𝐬 𝐟𝐲

σ MT = 0
𝐚
𝐌𝐧 = C d− + 𝐂𝐬 𝐝 − 𝐝′
𝟐
DOUBLY REINFORCED BEAMS
ANALYSIS PROCEDURE

▪ Check if 𝜌 > 𝜌𝑚𝑎𝑥

▪ C + Cs=T, to solve for a.
▪ Check if both steel yields.
▪ Identify ∅.
▪ Solve for Ultimate Moment
SAMPLE PROBLEM:
ANALYSIS OF DOUBLY
REINFORCED BEAM
SAMPLE PROBLEM 4
SINGLY REINFORCED BEAMS: ANALYSIS

A rectangular beam has a strength of concrete, 𝑓𝑐′ = 21MPa and steel strength, 𝑓𝑦 =
275Mpa. The beam section of 350mm and height of 500mm is reinforced with 5-
36mm ∅ at the tension side and 2-25mm ∅ at the compression side with 65mm cover
to centroid of reinforcements.

▪ Determine the depth of compression block.

▪ Determine the moment capacity of the beam.
▪ Given:
▪ b = 350mm SAMPLE PROBLEM 4
▪ d = 435mm DOUBLY REINFORCED BEAMS: ANALYSIS
▪ 𝑓𝑐′ = 21MPa A rectangular beam has a strength
▪ 𝑓𝑦 = 275MPa of concrete, 𝑓𝑐′ = 21MPa and steel
▪ 5-36mm ∅ As = 5089.3801mm2 strength, 𝑓𝑦 = 275Mpa. The beam
▪ 2-25mm ∅ section of 350mm and height of
A′s = 981.7477mm2 500mm is reinforced with 5-36mm
𝑓′ 𝑐 3
∅ at the tension side and 2-25mm
𝜌𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 0.85𝛽 ∙ ∅ at the compression side with
𝑓𝑦 7
21 3 65mm cover to centroid of
= 0.85 ∙ 0.85 ∙ reinforcements.
275 7
𝜌𝑚𝑎𝑥 =0.02067

𝐴𝑠 • Determine the depth of

𝜌= compression block.
𝑏𝑑
5089.3801
= • Determine the moment capacity
350∙435
𝜌 = 0.0334 of the beam.
𝜌 > 𝜌𝑚𝑎𝑥 , ∴ 𝑑𝑜𝑢𝑏𝑙𝑦 𝑟𝑒𝑖𝑛𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑑
𝐶 + 𝐶𝑠 = 𝑇
0.85𝑓′𝑐 𝑎𝑏 + 𝐴′𝑠 𝑓𝑦 = 𝐴𝑠 𝑓𝑦
SAMPLE PROBLEM 4
DOUBLY REINFORCED BEAMS: ANALYSIS
0.85 ∙ 21 ∙ 𝑎 ∙ 350 + 981.7477 ∙ 275 = 5089.3801 ∙ 275 Given:
𝒂 = 𝟏𝟖𝟎. 𝟖𝟎𝟖𝟏𝒎𝒎 b = 350mm
d = 435mm
𝑎 𝑓𝑐′ = 21MPa
𝑐=
𝛽 𝑓𝑦 = 275MPa
c = 212.7154mm As = 5089.3801sq.mm
A’s = 981.7477sq.mm.
600 𝑑−𝑐 600 𝑐−𝑑′
𝑓𝑠 = 𝑓′𝑠 = Required:
𝑐 𝑐
600 435−212.7154 600 212.7154−65 • Determine the depth of
= =
212.7154 212.7154 compression block, a
𝑓′𝑠 = 416.6564𝑀𝑃𝑎
𝑓𝑠 = 626.9916𝑀𝑃𝑎 • Determine the moment capacity
∴ 𝑨′𝒔 𝒚𝒊𝒆𝒍𝒅𝒔 of the beam.
∴ 𝑨𝒔 𝒚𝒊𝒆𝒍𝒅𝒔
∅ = 0.65 + 0.25
𝑓𝑠 −𝑓𝑦
1000−𝑓𝑦
SAMPLE PROBLEM 4
DOUBLY REINFORCED BEAMS: ANALYSIS
626.9916−275
= 0.65 + 0.25 Given:
1000−275
b = 350mm
∅ = 0.7714
d = 435mm
𝑓𝑐′ = 21MPa
a
Mn = C d− + Cs d − d′ 𝑓𝑦 = 275MPa
2
180.8081 As = 5089.3801sq.mm
= 0.85 ∙ 21 ∙ 180.8081 ∙ 350 435− + 981.7477 ∙ 275 435 − 65
2
A’s = 981.7477sq.mm
Mn = 489147932.8 ≈ 489.1479𝑘𝑁 ∙ 𝑚 𝑓𝑠 = 626.9916MPa
𝑎 = 180.8081𝑚𝑚
Mu = ∅Mn
= 0.7714 ∙ 489.1479
Required:
𝑴𝒖 = 𝟑𝟕𝟕. 𝟑𝟐𝟖𝟕𝒌𝑵 ∙ 𝒎 • Determine the moment capacity
of the beam.
SAMPLE PROBLEM 5
DOUBLY REINFORCED BEAMS: ANALYSIS

A beam is reinforced with 4-28mm ∅ at the bottom and 2-28mm ∅ at the top of the
beam. Steel covering to centroid of reinforcement is 70mm at the to and bottom of
the beam. The beam has a total depth pf 400mm and width of 300mm. 𝑓𝑐′ = 30MPa and
steel strength, 𝑓𝑦 = 415Mpa. Use 2015 NCSP Code.

▪ Determine the depth of compression block.

▪ Determine the moment capacity of the beam.
▪ Given:
▪ b = 300mm SAMPLE PROBLEM 5
▪ d = 330mm DOUBLY REINFORCED BEAMS: ANALYSIS
▪ 𝑓𝑐′ = 30MPa A beam is reinforced with 4-28mm
▪ 𝑓𝑦 = 415MPa ∅ at the bottom and 2-28mm ∅ at
the top of the beam. Steel covering
▪ 2-38mm ∅ A′s = 1231.5043mm2 to centroid of reinforcement is
▪ 4-28mm ∅ As = 2463.0086mm2 70mm at the to and bottom of the
beam. The beam has a total depth
𝑓′ 𝑐 3 pf 400mm and width of 300mm. 𝑓𝑐′ =
𝜌𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 0.85𝛽 ∙ 30MPa and steel strength, 𝑓𝑦 =
𝑓𝑦 7
30 3 415Mpa. Use 2015 NCSP Code.
= 0.85 ∙ 0.8357 ∙
415 7
0.05(𝑓′ 𝑐 −28)
𝜌𝑚𝑎𝑥 =0.0220 𝛽 = 0.85 −
7 Determine the depth of
0.05(30−28) compression block.
𝐴𝑠 = 0.85 −
𝜌= 7 Determine the moment capacity of
𝑏𝑑
𝜌 = 0.0249 𝛽 = 0.8357 the beam.
𝜌 > 𝜌𝑚𝑎𝑥 , ∴ 𝑑𝑜𝑢𝑏𝑙𝑦 𝑟𝑒𝑖𝑛𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑑
𝐶 + 𝐶𝑠 = 𝑇
0.85𝑓′𝑐 𝑎𝑏 + 𝐴′𝑠 𝑓𝑦 = 𝐴𝑠 𝑓𝑦
SAMPLE PROBLEM 5
DOUBLY REINFORCED BEAMS: ANALYSIS
0.85 ∙ 30 ∙ 𝑎 ∙ 300 + 1231.5043 ∙ 415 = 2463.0086 ∙ 4155 Given:
𝒂 = 𝟔𝟔. 𝟖𝟎𝟕𝟏𝒎𝒎 b = 300mm
d = 330mm
𝑎 𝑓𝑐′ = 30MPa
𝑐=
𝛽 𝑓𝑦 = 415MPa
c = 79.9415mm 𝛽 = 0.8357
As = 2463.0086mm2
A′s = 1231.5043mm2
600 𝑑−𝑐 600 𝑐−𝑑′
𝑓𝑠 = 𝑓′𝑠 =
𝑐 𝑐
Required:
600 330−79.9415 600 79.9415−70
= = • Determine the depth of
79.9415 79.9415
compression block, a
𝑓𝑠 = 1876.8112𝑀𝑃𝑎 𝑓′𝑠 = 74.6158𝑀𝑃𝑎
• Determine the moment capacity
∴ 𝑨𝒔 𝒚𝒊𝒆𝒍𝒅𝒔 ∴ 𝑨′𝒔 𝒅𝒐𝒆𝒔 𝒏𝒐𝒕 𝒚𝒊𝒆𝒍𝒅 of the beam.
𝐶 + 𝐶𝑠 = 𝑇
0.85𝑓′𝑐 𝑎𝑏 + 𝐴′𝑠 𝑓′𝑠 = 𝐴𝑠 𝑓𝑦 SAMPLE PROBLEM 5
600 𝑐−70
DOUBLY REINFORCED BEAMS: ANALYSIS
0.85 ∙ 30 ∙ 0.8357c ∙ 300 + 1231.5043 ∙ = 2463.0086 ∙ 415
𝑐 Given:
c = 114.7872mm b = 300mm
d = 330mm
𝑎 = 𝛽𝑐 𝑓𝑐′ = 30MPa
= 0.8357 ∙ 114.7872 𝑓𝑦 = 415MPa
𝛽 = 0.8357
𝒂 = 𝟗𝟓. 𝟗𝟐𝟕𝟕𝒎𝒎 As = 2463.0086mm2
A′s = 1231.5043mm2
600 𝑑−𝑐 600 𝑐−𝑑′
𝑓𝑠 = 𝑓′𝑠 =
𝑐 𝑐 Required:
600 330−114.7872 600 114.7872−70
= = • Determine the depth of
114.7872 114.7872
compression block, a
𝑓𝑠 = 1124.9310𝑀𝑃𝑎 𝑓′𝑠 = 234.1055𝑀𝑃𝑎
• Determine the moment capacity
∴ 𝑼𝒔𝒆 𝒇′ 𝒔 of the beam.
∴ 𝑼𝒔𝒆 𝒇𝒚
 SAMPLE PROBLEM 5
Since As yields and fs>1000, DOUBLY REINFORCED BEAMS: ANALYSIS
∅ = 0.9 Given:
b = 300mm
d = 330mm
a
Mn = C d−
2
+ Cs d − d′ 𝑓𝑐′ = 30MPa
95.9277 𝑓𝑦 = 415MPa
= 0.85 ∙ 30 ∙ 95.9277 ∙ 300 330− 2
+ 1231.5043 ∙ 234.1055 330 − 70
𝛽 = 0.8357
Mn ≈ 281.9299𝑘𝑁 ∙ 𝑚 As = 2463.0086mm2
A′s = 1231.5043mm2
𝑎 = 95.9277𝑚𝑚
Mu = ∅Mn
𝑓′𝑠 = 234.1055𝑀𝑃𝑎
= 0.9 ∙ 281.9299
𝑴𝒖 = 𝟐𝟓𝟑. 𝟕𝟑𝟔𝟗𝒌𝑵 ∙ 𝒎 Required:
• Determine the moment capacity
of the beam.
SAMPLE PROBLEM:
DESIGN OF DOUBLY
REINFORCED BEAM
DOUBLY REINFORCED BEAMS
DESIGN PROCEDURE

𝑴𝒏 = 𝑴𝒏𝟏 + 𝑴𝒏𝟐
𝒂
𝑴𝐧𝟏 = 𝑨𝒔𝟏 𝒇𝒚 d−
𝟐
𝑴𝐧𝟐 = 𝑨𝐬𝟐 𝒇𝒚 d−𝒅"
DOUBLY REINFORCED BEAMS
DESIGN PROCEDURE
▪ Solve for 𝑅𝑛 , Coefficient of Resisting Moment / Concrete Beam Design Ratio
▪ To solve for 𝜌

▪ Check if 𝜌 > 𝜌𝑚𝑎𝑥

▪ Solve for 𝐴𝑠1 using 𝜌𝑚𝑎𝑥
▪ Compute for a & c
▪ Check 𝑓𝑠
▪ Solve for 𝑀𝑛1 , 𝑀𝑛2 and 𝐴𝑠2
▪ Check 𝑓′𝑠 and solve for 𝐴′𝑠
▪ Compute for number of bars.
SAMPLE PROBLEM 6
DOUBLY REINFORCED BEAMS: DESIGN

A 6m simply supported beam with 300mm width and has an effective depth of
470mm and 60mm steel cover. It is designed to carry the loads DL=36kN/m and
LL=50kN/m. 𝑓𝑐′ = 28MPa and steel strength, 𝑓𝑦 = 414Mpa. Use 2015 NCSP Code.

▪ Determine the area of Tensile Reinforcement.

▪ Determine the area of Compressive Reinforcement
▪ Given:
▪ b = 300mm
SAMPLE PROBLEM 6
▪ d = 470mm
DOUBLY REINFORCED BEAMS:
▪ d’ = 60mm DESIGN
▪ 𝑓𝑐′ = 28MPa A 6m simply supported beam with
▪ 𝑓𝑦 = 414MPa 300mm width and has an effective
▪ L = 6m depth of 470mm. It is designed to
carry the loads DL=36kN/m and
▪ DL = 36kn/m
LL=50kN/m. 𝑓𝑐′ = 28MPa and steel
▪ LL =50kN/m
strength, 𝑓𝑦 = 414Mpa. Use 2015
NCSP Code.
wu = 1.2DL + 1.6 LL)
wu = 1.2(36) + 1.6(50)
• Determine the area of Tensile
𝑤u =123.2kN/m Reinforcement.
• Determine the area of
𝑤𝐿2 Compressive Reinforcement
𝑀𝑢 =
8
123.2 ∙ 62
= 8
𝑴𝒖 = 𝟓𝟓𝟒. 𝟒𝒌𝑵 ∙ 𝒎
 SAMPLE PROBLEM 6
𝑀𝑛
𝑅𝑛 =
∅𝑏𝑑 2

=
554.4∙106 DOUBLY REINFORCED BEAMS:
0.9∙300 ∙ 470 2 DESIGN
𝑅𝑛 = 9.2953 Given:
0.85𝑓′𝑐 2𝑅𝑛 b = 300mm
𝜌= 1− 1−
𝑓𝑦 0.85𝑓′𝑐 d = 470mm
d’ = 60mm
0.85 ∙28 2 ∙9.2953
= 1− 1− 𝑓𝑐′ = 28MPa
414 0.85 ∙ 30
𝑓𝑦 = 414MPa
𝜌 = 0.0306 Mu = 554.4kN ∙ m
𝜌𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 0.0209
𝒇′𝒄 𝟑
𝝆𝒎𝒂𝒙 = 𝟎. 𝟖𝟓𝜷 ∙
𝒇𝒚 8
Required:
28 3
= 0.85 ∙ 0.85 ∙
414 8 • Determine the area of Tensile
𝝆𝒎𝒂𝒙 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟏𝟖𝟑 Reinforcement.
𝜌 > 𝜌𝑚𝑎𝑥
• Determine the area of
Compressive Reinforcement
 SAMPLE PROBLEM 6
𝑨𝒔𝟏 = 𝝆𝒎𝒂𝒙 𝒃𝒅 DOUBLY REINFORCED BEAMS:
= 0.0209 ∙ 300 ∙ 470
DESIGN
Given:
𝑨𝒔𝟏 = 𝟐𝟗𝟒𝟔. 𝟗𝒎𝒎𝟐 b = 300mm
d = 470mm
𝐴𝑠1 𝑓𝑦 d’ = 60mm
𝑎=
0.85𝑓′𝑐 𝑏 𝑓𝑐′ = 28MPa
2946.9 ∙ 414
a= 𝑓𝑦 = 414MPa
0.85∙28∙300
600 𝑑−𝑐 600 𝑐−𝑑′
𝑓𝑠 = 𝑓′𝑠 = Mu = 554.4kN ∙ m
𝑎 = 170.8707𝑚𝑚 𝑐 𝑐
600 470−201.0244 600 201.0244−60 Required:
= =
𝑐=
𝑎 201.0244 201.0244 • Determine the area of Tensile
𝛽
𝑓𝑠 = 802.8147𝑀𝑃𝑎 𝑓′𝑠 = 420.9173𝑀𝑃𝑎 Reinforcement.
170.8707
c= ∴ 𝑼𝒔𝒆 𝒇𝒚 ∴ 𝑼𝒔𝒆 𝒇𝒚 • Determine the area of
0.85
Compressive Reinforcement
c = 201.0244mm
 𝑓𝑠 −𝑓𝑦
∅ = 0.65 + 0.25
1000−𝑓𝑦
802.8147−414
SAMPLE PROBLEM 6
= 0.65 + 0.25
1000−414 DOUBLY REINFORCED BEAMS:
∅ = 0.8159 DESIGN
Given:
b = 300mm
𝑀𝑢
𝑀𝑛 = d = 470mm
∅

𝑀𝑛 = 679.495𝑘𝑁 ∙ 𝑚 d’ = 60mm
𝑓𝑐′ = 28MPa
𝑓𝑦 = 414MPa
a
Mn1 = As1 f𝑦 d− Mu = 554.4kN ∙ m
2
170.8707 𝐴𝑠1 = 2946.9𝑚𝑚2
= 2946.9 ∙ 414 470 −
2 𝑎 = 170.8707𝑚𝑚
Mn1 ≈ 469.1753𝑘𝑁 ∙ 𝑚 𝑓𝑠 = 802.8147𝑀𝑃𝑎
Required:
𝑀𝑛 = 𝑀𝑛1 + 𝑀𝑛2 Mn2 = As2 f𝑦 d−𝑑′ • Determine the area of Tensile
Reinforcement.
𝑀𝑛2 = 𝑀𝑛 − 𝑀𝑛1 210.3197 ∙ 106 = As2 ∙ 414 470 − 60
As2 = 12396.055mm2 • Determine the area of
𝑀𝑛2 = 210.3197 𝑘𝑁 ∙ 𝑚
Compressive Reinforcement
 SAMPLE PROBLEM 6
DOUBLY REINFORCED BEAMS:
DESIGN
𝐴𝑠 = 𝐴𝑠1 + 𝐴𝑠2 Given:
b = 300mm
𝐴𝑠 = 2946.9 + 1239.055
d = 470mm
𝑨𝒔 = 𝟒𝟏𝟖𝟐. 𝟗𝟓𝟓𝒎𝒎𝟐 d’ = 60mm
𝑓𝑐′ = 28MPa
σ 𝐹ℎ = 0 𝑓𝑦 = 414MPa
As1 = 2946.9mm2
𝐶𝑠 = 𝑇2 As2 = 1368.7434𝑚𝑚2
𝐴′𝑠 𝑓𝑦 = 𝐴𝑠2 𝑓𝑦
Required:
𝑨′𝒔 = 𝟏𝟐𝟑𝟗. 𝟎𝟓𝟓𝒎𝒎𝟐 • Determine the area of Tensile
Reinforcement.
• Determine the area of
Compressive Reinforcement