1,000 MPa 143.86 fe = 600 The section is tension-controlled, g = 0.90 My = Cold —a/2) = My =0.85f'.ab (d - 0/2) M,, = 0.85(21)(122.28)(280)(480 — 122.28/2) M, = 255.87 kN —m @M,, = 0.90(255.87) gM, = 230.28kN—m b) A, = 4x Ay = 1963 mm? _ Ay _ 1963 P= Fd = 280(480) p = 0.014961 < py (steel yields) C=T 0.85f'ab = Agfy 0.85(21)(a)(280) = 1963(415) a = 163.04mm < = 19181 c= a mm By 480 — 191.81 ——— = 901.5 MPa < 1,000 MP. T9181 OOS «The section within” transition region”, i. e 0.65 < y < 0.90 = 0654025 H—P_ = yp =0654025 WIS = 48 P= 009 F029 Ty =F = 9 = 909 +929 TOO = aI5 9 = 0.858 M,, = C-(d — a/2) = My, = 0.85f'-ab (d — a/2) M,, = 0.85(21)(163.04)(280)(480 — 163.04/2) My, = 324.504 kN —m @Mp = 0.858(324.504) gM, = 278.396 kN —m c) A, = 7x Ay = 3436 mm? A, 3436 p= ba = 280(480) = 0.02557 > py, (stel does not yield) The section is compression-controlled, p = 0.65 T=C Acf, = 0.85f'.ab 480 3436 x 600 c¢ = 297.56mm a= Pye = 252.92 mm 0.85(21)(0.85¢)(280) My = Ce) —a/2) = My = 0.85f',0b (d —a/2) Mn = 0.85(21)(252.92)(280)(480 — 252.92/2) gM, = 0.65(446.91) QM), = 290.49 kN —mPROBLEM 2.32 A hallow beam is shown in Figure 2.16. Assume f', = 28 MPa and f, = 345 MPa a) Calculate the required tension steel area when M,, = 800 kn —m 6b) What is the balanced moment capacity of the beam? c) What is the maximum steel area under singly reinforced condition? d) What is the maximum design moment strength under singly reinforced condition? e) Calculate the required tension steel area when M,, = 1200 kN — m. 500 mm 250 800 mm & 75mm Figure 2.16 - Hallow beam SOLUTION This problem is the same as Problem 2.23. d= 800-75 =725mmTo guide us whether “a” will exceed 150 mm or not, let us solve the design moment when a =150 mm. a c => = 176.47 mm By d-c f; = 600 ~_ = 1,865 MPa >1000MPa_ Tension controls, = 0.90 QMy, = gC,(d — a/2) = 0.90 x 0.85(28)(150)(500)(725 — 150/2) gM, = 1044.225 kN —m a) M, = 800kN—m Since the required M,, = 800 kN — m < 1044.225 kN —m,a < 150mm. M, = Mn = @C.(d — a/2) M, = 90.85f'.a b(d — a/2) 800 x 10° = 0.90 x 0.85(28)a(500)(725 — 0.52) a= 111.6 mm < 150mm Stress in steel d-c a Sf; = 600 —— where c =— = 131.3mm c By = 600 287 a 712 MPa > teel yield f= T3137 ‘a> fy steel yields T=C, Asfy = 0.85f", ab A.(345) = 0.85(28)(111.6) (500) A, = 3,850 mm? b) Balanced condition: g = 0.65600d _ 600(725) ~ 600 +f, = bp = G00 a aas = 400-32mm Cy a=fyc, = a =0.85(460.32) = 391.3 mm z= a —150 = 241.27mm Figure 2.17 A, = 500(150) = 75,000 mm? yy = 725 —1/2(150) = 650mm Ay = 125(241.27) = 30,159 mm? yp = 725 — 150 — 1/2(241.27) = 454.37 Mon = Cyyy + 2Cay2 Mon -B5f" (Ars + 2A2y2) Myn = 0.85(28)[75,000 x 650 + 2 x 30,159 x 454.37] Mpyn = 1812.52 kN —m @Mpn = 0.65 x 1812.52 My, = 1178.14 kN —mc) Maximum steel area, As max Refer to Figure 2.17 3 Cmae = d= 310.71 mm — a= Picnax = 264.11 mm z=a-150= 114.11 mm A, = 500(150) = 75,000 mm? y, = 725 — 1/2(150) = 650 mm Ap = 125(114.11) = 14,263 mm? ‘yp = 725 — 150 — 1/2(114.11)=517.95 TH=Q4Q As maxfy = 0.85 f",(Az + 242) Ag max(345) = 0.85(28)[75,000 x 650 + 2 x 14,263] Ag may = 7,142 mm? d) Maximum moment, My, max: Mn max = C1Y1 + 2Cz Yo Mn max = 0-85f'¢ + (Aryi + 24290) Mn max = 0.85(28)[75,000 x 650 + 2 x 14,263 x 517.95] Mn max = 1511.9kN —m = 0.65 + 0.25 P= = o.gza P= 0.09 + 0.29 TO fe @My max = 0-824 x 1511.9 My max = 1245.3 kN —m e M,, = 1200 kN — m < @My max (singly reinforced) Refer to Figure 2.17 My = 90.85f" (Ary + 2A2y2)hth d-c = 0.65 h - 9 = 065 + 0.28 Tye f= 600 — 000 = 345 _ 166.03 = 0.65 ee . p = 0.65 + 0.2. 7000-345 + 0.2893 z=a-—150 = 0.85¢ — 150 Ay = 1252 = 106.25¢ — 18,750 yp = 725 — 150 — 1/22=575-1/2(0.85c-150) y2 = 650 - 0.425¢ My, = 90.85f" (Ary: + 2A2Y2) 166.03 1200 x 10° = ( +0 2893) 0.85(28)[75,000](650) + 2(106.25c — 18,750)(650 — 0.425c)] c = 398.7 mm 166.03 = >——— + 0.2893 = 0.706 398.7 ~ Q Ap = 106.25(398.7) — 18,750 = 23,615 mm? T=C Asfy = 0.85f" (Ay + 2Az) A,(345) = 0.85(28) (75,000 + 2 x 23,615) Ag = 8,432 mm? PROBLEM 2.33 Design a singly reinforced rectangular beam to carry dead load moment of 110 kN-m (including self weight) and live load moment of180 kN-m.Use steel ratio p = 0.65p, and take d = 1.9b. Assume fy = 276 MPa and fc = 21 MPa. SOLUTION My, = 1.2 Mp + 1.6 M, M,, = 1.2(110) + 1.6(180) M, =420kN—m _ 0.85 f"¢f,600 _ Pp = F(6004+f) = 0.03765 Note: B, = 0.85 since f’, < 28 MPa fy ly. p = 0.65 py = 0.02447 Ry = f'@(1 — 0.59 w)] = 5.473 MPa 600d =——— _ _ ¢(, =0.685d ° 600+ f, Note: For singly reinforced rectangular beam, p is directly proportional to c. Thus, c = 0.65 cy c= 0.445d = oon =e = go0 Cavett fhe ¢ f= 04a5d f, = 747.7 MPa < 1000 MPa "transition" =0.65 +025 2h = 0.65 + 0.25 4277276 P= 0.08 40-29 700 = fF 9 = 0.09 + 0.29 F000 = 276 og = 0.813My, = pR, bd? 420 x 10° = 0.813(5.473)(b)(1.9b)? b = 297mm d=1.9b = 564mm A, = phd Ag = 0.02447 (297)(564) A, = 4,1000 mm? PROBLEM 2.34 Repeat Problem 2.33 using a steel ratio p = 0.5p» SOLUTION M,, = 420kN —m Py = 0.03765 p = 0.5py = 0.01883 w= Phy (1 —0.59w) = 4.438 MPa fr = 000d Cy = 0.685d > 600+ f, pe © = 0.5cy = 0.34247 d d-c d—0.34247d f= 600 ——* f= 600d —- 0.324247d f; = 1152 MPa > 1000 MPa,g = 0.90 M, = @ Ry b d?= 420 x 10° = 0.90(5.473)(b)(1.9b)* b=308mm d= 1.9) =585mm As = phd As = 0.01883(308)(585) Ag = 3,390 mm?SUPPLEMENTARY PROBLEMS PROBLEM 2.35 A rectangular beam has b = 250mm,d = 350mm, f, = 414 MPa, f'. = 20.7 MPa. Determine (a) the maximum design moment if the beam is singly reinforced and (b) the required steel area if the beam is required to carry a dead load moment of 50 kN-m and a live load moment of 30 kN-m. Use the 2001 NSCP. Answer: @) OM, max = 148.3 kNm b) Ag = 1075 mm? PROBLEM 2.36 Repeat Problem 2.35 using the 2010 NSCP. Answer: @) @My max = 130.8 kN —m b) Ag = 1056 mm? PROBLEM 2.37 Design a rectangular beam reinforced for tension only carry dead load moment of 85 kN-m (including its estimated weight) and a live load of 102 kN-m. Use p = 0.6p,and use d= 1.75b. Assume f, = 276 MPa and f’, = 28 MPa. Use the 2001 NSCP Answer: b = 250 mm,d = 436 mm, A, = 3,273 mm? PROBLEM 2.38 Repeat Problem 2.37 using the 2010 NSCP. Answer : b = 246 mm,d = 430 mm, A, = 3182 mm?PROBLEM 2.39 A reinforced concrete beam has the following properties: Use 2001 NSCP) beam with, b = 320mm effective depth, d = 640 mm concrete strength, f'. = 25MPa reinforcing steel, fy = 400 MPa reinforcing steel modulus, E, = 200,000 MPa service dead load moment 350 = kN-—m a) If the beam is to be designed for a balanced condition, find the required area of steel area reinforcement, design balanced moment, and the corresponding service live load moment. b) Find the maximum steel area, the maximum design moment, and the corresponding service live load moment if the beam is to be designed as singly reinforced. Answer: a) Ajy = 5,549 mm2, pM, = 952.44, M, = 272 kN —m b) As max = 4,162 mm?, ~ My max = 775.46,M, = 168 kN —m PROBLEM 2.40 Repeat Problem 2.39 using the 2010 NSCP. Answer: a) 5,549 mm?, pM, = 687.87 kN —m,M, = 167.42 kN —m b) Ag max = 3,963 mm2, PMy max = 677,7M, = 161 kN —m PROBLEM 2.41 Calculate the ultimate moment capacity of a rectangular beam with b = 350mm, d=450mm,A,=5-25mm. Assume f', = 24 MPa. f, = 345 MPa. Use 2001 NSCP. Answer: 9M, = 366.2 KN —m PROBLEM 2.42 Repeat Problem 2.41 using the 2010 NSCP. Answer: 9M, = 366.2 kN —mPROBLEM 2.43 Calculate the ultimate moment capacity of a rectangular beam with b = 350mm, d = 540mm, A, =7—28mm. Assume f', = 24 MPa, fy = 345 MPa. Use 2010 NSCP. Answer: pM, = 582.9 kN —m PROBLEM 2.44 Repeat Problem 2.43 using the 2010 NSCP. Answer: 0M, = 514.3kN—m PROBLEM 2.45 Calculate the ultimate moment capacity of a rectangular beam with b = 300mm, d=500mm, A,=9-28mm?. Assume f', =34MPa, fy = 414 MPa. Use 2010 NSCP Answer: 0M, = 729.6kN —m PROBLEM 2.46 Repeat Problem 2.45 using the 2010 NSCP. Asnwer: 9M, = 522.5kN—mSOLVED PROBLEMS IN T-BEAMS USING 2001 NSCP PROBLEM 3.1 Determine the effective flange with for symmetrical T-beam with a span of 6 m. The beam width of web is 250 mm, the slab thickness is 120 mm, and the clear distance to adjacent beams is 3m. SOLUTION For symmetrical T-beam, the effective flange width is the smallest of: 1. 1/4 span = 6000/4 = 1500 mm 2 16t + by = 16(120) + 250 = 2170 mm 3. clear spacing of beams + b,, = 3000 + 250 = 3250 mm Therefore by = 1500 mm PROBLEM 3.2 Given the following elements of a T-beam. Flange width, by =1200mm Concrete strength f’, = 30 MPa Flange thickness, t = 130 mm Steel strength, f, = 345 MPa Width of web, by, 90 mm Effective depth, d = 470 mm lf the beam Is reinforced for tension only, determine the ultimate moment capacity when the depth of compression concrete flange equals the flange thickness or a = t. SOLUTION Mn = 0.8 f'e bp ad — 7/9) Whena=t Eq. 3-5 M,, = 0.85 f", bt(d — t/2) 180 Myy, = 0.85(30)(120)(130) (470 ~—-) Myn = 1611 kN —m 9 My = 0.90 x 1611 = 1450 kn—mPROBLEM 3.3 Given the following elements of a T-beam: Flange width, by = 900 mm Concrete strength f’, = 20.7 MPa Flange thickness,t =110m Steel strength, fy = 414 MPa Width of web, by, 10mm Effective depth, d = 460 mm If the beam is reinforced for tension only, determine the following: a) The balanced steel area b) The nominal and ultimate balanced moment capacity c) The maximum steel area d) The nominal and ultimate maximum moment capacity SOLUTION B, = 0.85 since f', is less than 30 MPa a) Balanced condition _ 600d _ 600(460) > 600+ fy > 600 +414 Cy = 272.2 mm a= Bye a = 0.85(272.2) a=2314mm>t Figure 3.3z=a-—t=1214mm A, = by xt = 900(110) = 99,000 mm? A = Dy x Zz = 310(121.4) = 37,622 mm? Acp = Ay + Az = 136,622 mm? TH+ Asp fy = 0.85 f",( A + A) Agy (414) = 0.85(20.7)99,000 + 37,622) Asp = 5,806 mm? = balanced steel area y, =d—t/2 = 405 mm —t-—2/2 = 289.3mm Cry + Co Ve 0.85 f’.( Ar 1 + Aa ye) Myn = 0.85(20.7)[99,000(405) + 37,622(289.3)] Mpyn = 597 kN — m = nominal balanced moment Mon = Myn = 0.90(897) Mpn = 807.3 KN —m = ultimate balanced moment b) Maximum steel area and moment. Refer to Figure 3.3. Ag max = 0.75 Agy As max = 0.75(5806) As max = 4,355 mm? > maximum steel area Acmax = 0.75 Acy Acmax = 0.75(136,622) Acmax = 102,466 mm? > A,,thusa>t Acmax = Ai + Az 102,466=99,000 + 310(z) z=11.2mm Ap = 102,466 — 99,000 = 3,466 mm? Yo =d—t—4/y = 344.41 mm Mn mnx = C1 V1 + C2 Yo Mn max = 0.85 f"( Ar ¥1 + Az Y2)My max = 0-85(20.7)[99,000(405) + 3,466(289.3)] My max = 726.5 KN —m > nominal max moment My max = 0.90(726.5) Mn max = 653.8 kN —m = ultimate maximum moment PROBLEM 3.4 A T-beam has the following properties: by = 820mm, by = 250mm, d= 470 mm,t = 100mm. Concrete compressive strength f'. = 20.7 MPa and steel area for the following load conditions: a) Mp = 150kn—m, M, =120kN—m b) Mp =175kN—m, M, =190kN—m SOLUTION By = 0.85 Solve for tg My when a = t @Myn = 0.85/"cby t (a - ) 545.375 kN — mm Solve for ~My max Balanced condition: 600d = w+ = 278.11 mm ly a < By cy = 236.39 mm >t > = 820mm. FIGURE 3.4z=a-—t=136.39mm Ay = by t = 82,000 mm? Ay = by Z = 34,098 mm? Acy = Ay + Ap = 116,098 mm? Maximum condition: Ac max = 0.75 Acy = 87,073 mm? > A, Az = Acmax — 82,000 = 5,073 mm? = = 20.29 mm Ww Yo =d—t—4/y = 359.85 mm Mn max = Mn + Mnz2 = Mpn + 0,85f'cA2Y2 Mp max = 574.28 kN —m a) Mp = 150 kN — m,AM, = 120kN—m My, = 1.4Mp + 1.7 M, = 414kN —in < @My max singly reinforced Since M,, is less than Myn, "a" is less than t. -a/2 470 mm d= by, = 250mmM, = 0.85f', aby(d—a/2) 414 x 10° = 0.90(0.85)(20.7)a(820)(470 — a/2) a=73.6mm T=C Asfy = 085f'-ab, Ag = 2,565 mm? Minimum A, jis the smaller of: yv apy Of FS bod = 646 mm? d = 1059 mm? Thus, A, = 2,565 mm? b) Mp =175kN—m,M, = 190kN —m My = 14 Mp + 1.7 My; = 568 KN —m < YMp max, singly reinforced Since M,, is more than Myy,"a"is more than t. 470 mm d= 4, =250 My = Mp + PMn2 568 x 10° = 545.375 + 0.90(0.85)(20.7)(250)z(470 — 1002/,) z= 15.78 mm Ay = by z = 3,946 mm?T=Q4Q Ag fy = 0.85f',(Ay + A) A,(414) = 0.85(20.7)(82,000 + 3946) Ag = 3,653 mm? PROBLEM 3.5 Design a T-beam for a floor system for which by = 300mm and d= 550mm. The beams are 4.5 m long and spaced at 3 mo.c. The slab thickness is 100 mm Mp = 450 kN — m(including its own weight ),M, = 350 kN —m. f', = 27 MPa fy = 415 MPa. SOLUTION By = 0.85 My = 14Mp +1.7M, My = 1.4(450) + 1.7(350) M,, = 1225 kN —m Solve for bf: b; is the smallest of: 1. L/4=1.125m 2. 16, + by = 16(100) + 300 = 1,900 mm 3. center-to center spacing of beams = 3m Thus, bp = 1,125 mm Solve for gM, when a = t = 100mm, ¢ = 0.90 Myr = 90.85 f' et bpd — /y) My, = 1161.844 kN —m Solve for pM, maxto determine if compression steel is needed. _ 600d _ © = Sop = 325,123 mm @ = Bycpy = 276.355 mm > t550mm d=' My = @Myn + PC2Ye z. 1225 x 10° = 1161.844 x 10° + 0.90 x 0.85(27)(300z)(450 — > 2=23.25mm Ag = Dy 2 = 6975.02 mm? T=y+ Asfy = 0.85f" (Ai + Az) A,(415) = 0.85(27) (112,500 + 6,975.02) Ag = 6,607 mm? Minimum A,is the smaller value of: Ley, d = 1033 mm? LEE yd = 1937 mun? hy afy F Thus, A, = 6,607 mm? PROBLEM 3.6 Determine the ultimate moment capacity of reinforced concrete T-beam with the following properties: Flange width b = 1500 mm, web width by = 250 mm, effective depth d = 600 mm, slab thickness t = 100 mm. Assumefc = 20.7 MPa and f, = 345 MPa. The beam is reinforced with six 28 mm bars. SOLUTION Solve for balanced A, 600d ~ C00 +h, a= Bic = 323.81 >t Z=a-—t=22381mm Ay = byt = 150,000 Az = by z = 55,952 mm? Co = 380.95 mm by =1500mm t=100 e=250 mm T=C Asfy = 0.85f",(Ai + Ao) Agp(345) = 0.85(20.7)(150,00 + 55,952) Asp = 10,503 Steel area provided, A, = 6 x (28) = 3,695 mm? > Ag, steel yields Therefore, f, = fy C=T 0.85 f'cAc = Achy 0.85(20.7) A, = 3,695(345) A, = 72,441 < Ay therefore "a" is less thant-a/2 A, = aby 72,441 = a (1500) a = 48.29 mm? My = 0.85f', a by(d — 9/2) M, = 0.85(20.7)(48.29)(1500)(600 — 48-29/,) My, = 733.99 kN —m eM), = 0.90(733.99) @M,, = 660.6 kN —m PROBLEM 3.7 Given the following prope! of T-beam: Flange width, by = 900mm _ f', = 21 MPa Flange thickness, t=1200 f, = 345 MPa MT Uno ee UE Effective depth, d = 580 mm Service deal load, Mp = 410 kn —m TR WSR Ra lee Coe eM role or Ce Cao) only with twelve (12) 28-mm-diameter bars. SOLUTION By = 0.85; p = .90© Ag = 12 x (28)? = 7,389 mm? A, = by t = 108,000 mm? Solve for balance A,: = 00 = 368,25 “6007, mm C = B cy = 313.02 mm > t Z=a=t=193.02mm Ay = by Z = 77,206 mm? ob T=C Agyfy = 0.85f"(Ay + Aa) Agy(345) = 0.85(21) (108,000 + 77,206) Asp = 9,582 mm? Steel area provided is less than the balanced steel area. Steel yields. C=T O.85f'cAc = Achy 0.85(21)A, = 7,389(345) Ac = 142,813 mm? > Ay a>td=580mm y =400 mm 142,813=108,000+A, Ac = Ar + Ao Ap = 34,813 mm? Ay = byZ 34,813 = 400z z = 87.03 mm mad", > 520 mm yo=d—t-5 = 41648 mm Mn = Cy1 + CoY2 , My = 0.85" (Aryi + Aaya) My = 0.85(21)[108,000(520) + 34,813(416.48)] My = 1,261.3 KN —m @Mp = 0.90(1,261.3) gM, = 1135.138 kN —m eM, = My My, = 14 Mp + 1.7M, 1,135,138 = 1.4(410) + 1.7M, M, = 330.0kN—mPROBLEM 3.8 The section of a reinforced concrete T-beam is shown in Figure 3.5. The beam is reinforced with 10 32-mm-diameter tension bars with f, = 415 MPa. Concrete strength f’. = 32 MPa. If the total service dead load moment on the beam is 330 kN-m, determine the safe service live load moment. E £ S ha) ia u iS SOLUTION z ko, —| i A, = 10x 732)? *=320mm Figure 3.5 A, = 8,042 mm? A, = bt = 60,000 mm? t=120m 0.05 By = 0.85 - = (32 - 30) 4,8 B, = 0.836 £) 3 N74 Solve for balance A,: rt c, = 000d > 600+ fy Cy = 313.3 mm a= B,C, = 261.83 mm >t Z=a—t=14183mm Aa = by Zz = 45,385.5 mm?Asp fy = 0.85f" (A + Ap) Asp (345) = 0.85(21) (60,00 + 45,385.5) Agp = 6,907 mm? Since A, > A,,, tension steel does not yield “ d= A, = 60,000 mm? by Z = by(a-t) Az = by(Bic — t) d-c fz = 600 —— THC,4Cp Apfe = 0.85f' (Ay + Ap) 8,042 x 600 2 = 0.85(32)[60,000 + 320(0.836c - 120)] 327.95 mm a=, c = 261.83 mm Ap = by z = 49,303 mm? zZ=a—t=141.83mm Yo =d—t—4/y = 332.97mm yy =d—t/2 = 470mmMy = Crys +Cov2 My = 0.85f',(Aiy1 + Arvo) M,, = 0.85(32)[60,000(470) + 49,303(332.97)] M,, = 1,213.56 kN —m @Mp, = 0.90(1,213.56) gM, = 1,092.2 kN — im My, = @M, M, = 14Mp + 1.7 M, 1,092 = 1.4(330) + L.7M, M, = 370.7kN—mSOLVED PROBLEMS IN T-BEAMS USING 2010 NSCP. PROBLEM 3.9 Repeat Problem 3.3 using the 2010 NSCP. SOLUTION Given: b; = 900mm t= 110mm 14 MPa by = 3210 mm d= 460mm B, = 0.85 since f, is less tan 28 MPa a) Balanced condition, g = 0.65 _ 600d _ 600(460) © S00 f, = G00 + 414 Cp = 272.2 mm a=pyc a = 0,85(272.2) a=2314mm >t by = 900mm Figure 3.6z=a-—t=1214mmn Ay = bp x t = 900(110) = 99,000 min? Ap = by x Z = 310(121.4) = 37,622 mm? Acp = Ay + Ap = 136,622 mm? T=q+e% Ago fy = 0.85f" (Ai + Ap) Agp(414) = 0.85(20.7)(99,000 + 37,622) Agy = 5,806 mm? = balanced steel area y, =d-t/2=405mm Y2=d-—t—2/2 = 289.3mm Mon = C1 + CoVe Mon = 0.85f' (Ari + Aaya) Mpyn = 0.85(20.7)[99,000(405)37,622(289.3)] Mpn = 897kN-—m = nominal balanced moment Q@Mpn, = 0.65(897) @Myn = 583 kKN-—m = ultimate balanced moment b) Maximum steel area and moment. Refer to Figure 3.6. =2q=19744 = 065 +025 20 0.815 c= Fd = 197.14 mm; y= 0. 25 Tp f = a=fye a = 0.85(197.14) a = 167.6 mn Z=a-—t=57571mm Ap = by z = 310(57.6) = 17,847 mm? yp = d—t—2/2 = 321.21mm TH+, As maxly = 0.85f' (Ar + Az) As max(414) = 0.85f" (99,000 + 17,847) Asmar = 4966 mm? > maximum steel areaMn max = 1¥1 + C2¥2 Mn max = 0.85f'(Arys + AoVo) My max = 0.85(20.7)[99,000(415) + 17,847(321.2)] Mn max = 806.34 KN —m = nominal max moment My max = 0.815(806.34) Mn max = 656.9kN—m = ultimate maximum moment PROBLEM 3.10 Repeat Problem 3.2 using the 2010 NSCP. SOLUTION Given: b, = 1200 mm by = 290 mm = 130mm d=470mm Mpn = 0.85f' ct bf (d - "/2) Mgn = 0.85(30)(1200)(130)(470 — 139/,) Myr = 1611kN —m Solving for g: a= 130mm 005, | . By = 0.85 = (f", ~ 28) = 0.836 =a = c= 7B, = 155.56 mm f, = 600 = 1213 MPa > 1000 MP "tension — controls, p = 0.90" c @Myn = 090(1611) @Mjn = 1450 kN —mPROBLEM 3.11 Repeat Problem 3.4 using the 2010 NSCP. Additional questions: c) Find the required steel area if M)=195kN-—m and M, = 210 kN —m. d) Find the maximum design moment so that section is tension- controlled if it is reinforced for tension only. SOLUTION Given: b,; = 820mm Dy = 250 min 1 = 0.85 since f’, < 28 < MPa Solve for gM, when a = t: Myy, = 0.85f", by t(d — t/2) = 605.97 kN — mm ra dy, = c= 7B, = 117.65 mm d-c fz = 600 —F 1797MPa > 1000MPa,¢ = 0.90 @Mjy, = 545.375 kN —m Solve for 9My max! 3 Cnax = z¢ = 201.43 mn 800 -f, p = 0.65 + 0.25 = 0.815 1000 = f, @ = By Cmax = 171.21mm>tZ=a-t=7121mm Ay = by Z = 17,803.6 mm yo =d—t—z/2 = 334.39mm Ma max = Myn + 0.85f' cAaY2 Mn max = 710.72 KN —m My max = 579 KN =m a) Mp = 150kN—m,M, =120kN—m M, = 1.2Mp + 1.6 M,; = 372 kN —m < OM) max, Singly reinforced Since M, is less than pM;,,,’a" is less than t.Assume y = 0.90 M, = 90.85f"cabp(d - Y/) 372 x 10° = 0.90(0.85)(20.7)a(820)(470 — %/,) a= 65.52mm c= “1B, = 77.08mm ff, = 600 = 3,058 MPa > 1000 MPa, tension controls, p = 0.90 T=C Agfy = 0.85f", a by A,(345) = 0.85(20.7)(65.52)(820) A, = 2,283 mm? Minimum 4, is the smaller value of: Fe aie, 59 mm? yaad d = 646 mm? “a? = 1059 mm Thus, A, = 2,283 mm? b) Mp = 175 kN — m,M, = 190 kN —m My, = 1.2 Mp +: 1.6 M, = 514kN —m < OM, mgx, singly reinforced Since M,,is less than @Myn,"a"is less than t. Assume g = 0.90 M,, = g0.85f'2ab;(d — %/5) 514 x 106 = 0.90(0.85)(20.7)a(820)(470 — a/2) a= 93.53 mm = “lp, = 110.03 mmd-c fs = 600 —F 1,963 MPa > 1000MPa, tension controls, p = 0.90 T=C Acfy = 0.85/'- a by A,(345) = 0.85(20.7)(93.53)(820) Ag = 3,259 mm? c) Mp = 195 kN —m,M, =210kN—m My = 1.2Mp + 1.6M, = 570 kn —m < PM, max singly reinforced Since M,,is more than gM,,"a"is more than t. >. =250 mmd) Assume y = 0.90 My = Myx + PMn2 570 x 108 = 545.375 + 0.90(0.85)(20.7)(250)z(470 — 100 - 2/9) z= 17.05mm a=t+z=117.05 mm;c = a/B, = 137.7mm d f, = 600 z = 1448MPa > 1000MPa, tension controls, p = 0.90 Ap = by z = 3,908 mm? TH=Q4+Q Agfy = 0.85f"(Ay + Ao) Ag = 3,666 mm? c = 2d = 176.25 mm, = 0.90 a= fc =149.81mm>t b; = 820mm >» =250mm z=a-—t=4981mm Ag = byz = 12,453 mm? z yp = dt -5 = 3450.9mmMin = Myn + 0.85 f'-Azy2 My = 681.59 kN —m Mm = 613.4 kN —m Note: If M,,is less than or equal to yM,,, the beam is tension-controlled. PROBLEM 3.12 [Repeat Problem 3.6 using the 2010 NSCP. SOLUTION Given: by = 1500mm f': = 20.7 MPa Dy = 250mm fy = 345 MPa d=600mm By =0.85 As = 6 — 28 mm = 3,694 mm? Solve for balanced A,: 600d Co = Zgay = 380.95 mmm a= By cy = 323.81 >¢ A; = byt = 150,000 Ap = Dy 7 = 55,952 mm? ' =400 mmT=C Asp fy = 0.85f' (Ay + Aa) Agp(345) = 0.85(20.7) (150,000 + 55,952) Asp = 10,503 Steel area provided, A, = 6x $ (28)? = 3,695 mm? < Ag, "steel yields" therefore, f; = fy C=T 0.85f".Ay = 0.85(20.7)A, = 3,695(345) A, = 72,441 1000MPa tension controls therefore y = 0.90M,, = 0.85f",a by(d — a/2) .85(20.7)(48.29) (1500) (600 — 48:29/,) M, = = 733.99 kN —m gM) = 0.90(733.99) QM, = 660.6 kN —m Ss I PROBLEM 3.13 Repeat Problem 3.7 using 2010 NSCP. SOLUTION Given the following properties of a T-beam: Flange width, br = 900 mm f'c = 21 MPa Flange thickness, t = 120 mm fy = 345 MPa Width of web, b,, = 400 mm Ag = 7,389 mm? Effective depth, d = 580 mm Service deal load, Mp = 410 kN —m = 0.85; 9 = 0.90 Ag = 12x £(28)? = 7,389 mm? Ay = by t = 108,000 mm? Solve for balance A,: 600d Cy = a0 R= 368.25 mm a= Bycy = 313.02 mm > t z=a—t= 193.02 mm 5 =400 mm Ay = by, Z = 77,206 mm? T=C Aspfy = 0.85f' (Ar + 42) Asp (345) = 0.85(21)(108,000 + 77,206) Agy = 9,582 mm?Steel area provided is less than the balanced steel area. Steel yields. car 0.85f"-Ae = Agfy 0.85(21)A, = 7,389(345) Ac = 142,813 mm? > A, “al >t by = 900mm A, = A, + A> 142,813 = 108,000 + A, Ap = 34,813 mm? Ay = Dy Z 34,813 = 400z yi =d-"/y = 520mm youd 4/9 = 416.48 mm Mn = Cry, + Coo M,, = 0.85f" (Ary + Arvo) M,, = 0.85(21)[108,000(520) + 34,813(416.48)] M,, = 1,261.6kn—m Solve for g: a=t+z= 203.03 mm c= “1B, = 243.57mmfz = 600 = 828.76 MPa < 1000 MPa c Since fy < f < 1000 MPa,Transition region fs -fy = 0.65 + 0.25 ——_—~_ = 0.8346 ° +928 1000 =f, My, = 0.8346(1,261.3) ~My = 1,052.703 kN —m @My = My My = 1.2 My + 6M, 052.703 = 1.2(410) + 1.7 M, Me =350.44kN-—m PROBLEM 3.14 Repeat Problem 3.8 using 2010 NSCP. |. a =500mm——>| 7 120 d sonal ly, I =320mm Figure 3.7by ta120 0 — ‘ -soonm— 530mm ; SOLUTION Tw As = 10x 5(32)? A, = 8,042 mm? Ay = Drt = 60,000 mm? 0. By = 0.85 - By = 0.821 05 7 (32 — 28) Solve for balanced A,: 600d ~ 600 + fy a= 313.3mm a= Bycp = 257.85mm>t z=a-—t=137.35mm Ay = byz = 43,953 mm? Cy T=C Agpfy = 0.85f' (Ai + 4a) Agy(345) = 0.85(21)(60,000 + 43,953) Agy = 6,813 mm?Since A, > Agy, tension steel does not yield Dy be =320171 = 0.65 cpmression controls A, = 60,000 mm? Ap = Dy Z = by(a—t) = Dy (By -t) d-c fe = 600 —— TH=Q+Q, Asfe = 0.85f' (Ay +Ap) 530 — 8,042 x 600 --——~ = 0.85(32)[60,000 + 320(0.821c — 1200)] ¢ = 329.27 mm a= yc = 27047 mm Ay = by z = 48,151 mm? zZ=a-t y, =d—t/2 =470mm Mn = CiY1 + CoY2 Mn = 0.85f' (Aiyi + Aaya) 150.47 mm Y2 = d —t—3 = 334.76 mm My = 0.85(32)[60,000(470) + 48,151(334.76)] M, = 1,205.48 kN —mM,, = 0.65(1,205.48) gM, = 783.56 kn —m My, = 9M M, = 1.2 Mp + 1.6M, 78.56 = 1.2(330) + 1.6 M, M, = 242.23 kN—mDESIGN PROBLEMS Doubly Reinforced Beams PROBLEM 3.15 a .305-mm wide rectangular beam has an overall depth of 560 mm. The beam is reinforced with four 25-mm-diameter compression bars. The centroid fiber. Assume f, = 415 MPa and f', = 29 MPa. Determine the following: a) The balanced tension steel area and the nominal and ultimate balanced moment. b) The maximum tension steel area and the nominal and ultimate maximum moment. SOLUTION c, <_ 1 f + ' fr, > ' Mus B, = 0.85 a) Balanced condition _ 600d _ 600(490) 600+ fy = ¢00 + 415 Cy = 289.66 mm a= cy a = 0.85(289.66) a= 246.21mmd-c 280.66-70 foc = 600 foc = 600 5 foc = 455 MPa > fy, yield Soc = fy T, = Ce Agi fy = 0.85f", ab Agq(415) = 0.85(29)(246.21)(305) Ag: = 4,460 min? T, = C's Asofy = A'sfy Ag = 964 mm? Balanced steel area, Ag, = Ag + Aso = 6,242 mm? Myy = C,(d — 0/2) + C',(d- a’) ns a Myp = 0.857f'.ab(d—5)+4'f(d-¢) My = 0.85(29)(246.21)(305)(490 — 246.217.) Myy = 1,021.4 kN —m Mn» = 0.90(1,021.4) = 919.24 kN — m b) Maximum tension steel area: According to Section 410.4.3, for members with compression reinforcement, the portion of , equalized by compression reinforcement need not be reduced by the 0.75 factor. As, = 0.75As, Ast max = Isl max 5(4,460) 3,345 min? Aso = 1,964 mm? 345 + 1,964 5,309 mm? As max = Asi max + Asa Asmax = AsmaxC.=T, 0.85f", ab = Astmax fy 0.85(29)(a)(305) = 3,345(415) a = 184.7 mm c=a/p, c= 184.7/0.85 c=217.2mm , fy, thus f’, = fy = 345 MPa Co+C,=T 0.85 f,ab+A'sf', = As fy 0.85(35)(0.814 x 292)(300) + 1232(345) = A,(345) Ag = 7,384 mm? b) Maximum steel area: For rectangular beams: Cmax = 0-75 Cy = 0.75(292) Cmax = 219.05 mm a= By cmax = 178.37 mm 219.05 — 70 219.05 f's = 600 = 408 MPa > fy, thus f', = fy = 345 MPa C.+C, =T O85f'.ab+A'sf's = Ashy 0.85(35)(178.37)(300) +1232(345) = A,(345) A, = 5,846 mm?PROBLEM 3.17 A rectangular beam has b=300 mm and d= 490 mm. Concrete compressive strength f’,=27.6MPa and steel yield strength f, = 276 MPa. Compressive steel if required shall have its centroid 60 mm from extreme concrete fiber. Calculate the required tension steel area if the factored moment _M,,is 620 kN-m. SOLUTION This is the same problem in Chapter 2. Solve for PMn max ? 600d = wth = 335.616 mm p dy = Bycy = 285.27 mm a Mn max = 0.85f', ab(d — 3 0.85(27.6)(213.96)(300)(490 — 213.96/2) My max = 576.76 kN — m My max = 0.90(576.76) = 519 kN —m Mn max Since M,, = 620 kn —m > @My max, the beam must be doubly reinforced. b C,=0.85f',ab ~~ = a-a/24 1 1 1 @s bee Na