142 JEE Main Chapterwise Topicwise Mathematics

08
Limits, Continuity
and Differentiability
TOPIC 1 Ans. (c) Limit exists only ifa2 = 1
Limits of Algebraic, Qα, β are distinct roots of x2 + bx + c = 0 ∴ a=± 1
⇒ x2 + bx + c = (x − α) (x − β) = 0 −x + 1
Exponential and Logarithmic 2
⇒ lim =b
+ bx + c ) x→ ∞
Function e2 (x − 1 − 2(x2 + bx + c) x2 − x + 1 + ax
Now, lim
(x − β)2 1
x→ β −1 +
x −1
e2 (x − α) (x − β) − 1 − 2(x − α) (x − β) ⇒ lim =b ⇒ =b
01 Let f :R → R be a continuous = lim x→ ∞ 1 1 1 +a
2 x→ β (x − β)2 1− + 2 + a
sec x
π x x

4 ∫ f (x)dx = lim
e 2 (β − α + h ) h
− 1 − 2(β − α + h)h But a≠−1
function. Then, lim 2
is h→ 0 h2 ⇒ a=1
π π2 2 1
x→ 2(β − α + h)h ∴ b=−
4 x2 − 1 + 2( β − α + h)h + 2
16 2!
 1
equal to [2021, 01 Sep. Shift-II] + ... − 1 − 2h(β − α + h) (a, b) =  1, − 
= lim  2
(a) f(2 ) (b) 2f(2) h→ 0 h2  9 x 
(c) 2 f( 2 ) (d) 4f(2) 2(β − α + h ) h + ... 2 2 04 lim  ∑ 
= lim x → 2 
 n = 1 n(n + 1) x + 2(2n + 1) x + 4
2
Ans. (b) h→ 0 h2
2
Using L-Hopital’s rule = 2(β −α ) = 2(b2 − 4c ) is equal to [2021, 26 Aug. Shift-II]
π
⋅2 sec x ⋅ sec x ⋅ tan x ⋅f (sec2 x) − 0 9 5
(a) (b)
lim 4
π
03 If lim ( x 2 − x + 1 − ax) = b, then the 44 24
x→ 2x x→ ∞
4 1 7
(c) (d)
[using Leibnitz theorem] ordered pair (a, b) is 5 36
π [2021, 27 Aug. Shift-II]
⋅2( 2) ⋅ (1) f (2)
2 Ans. (a)
 1  1
= 4 = 2f (2) (a) 1,  (b) 1, −  We have,
π  2  2
2⋅ S = lim ∑
9 x
4  1  1
n(n + 1) x + 2 (2n + 1) x + 4
2
(c)  − 1,  (d)  − 1, −  x →2 n = 1
 2  2 9 2
= ∑
02 If α, β are the distinct roots of + 3n + 2)
n = 1 4(n2
Ans. (b)
x 2 + bx + c = 0, then 1 9 (n + 2) − (n + 1)
= ∑
Given, lim ( x − x + 1 − ax) = b
2
2
e 2( x + bx + c )
− 1 − 2 (x 2 + bx + c) x→ ∞ 2 n = 1 (n + 1) (n + 2)
lim is ⇒ lim ( x2 − x + 1 − ax) 1 9  1 1 
x→β (x − β) 2 = ∑ −
x→ ∞
2 n = 1  n + 1 n + 2 
( x2 − x + 1) + ax
equal to [2021, 27 Aug. Shift-I] =b 1  1 1  1 
=   −  +  −  + ....+  −  
1 1 1
(a) b2 + 4c ( x2 − x + 1 + ax) 2  2 3   3 4  10 11  
(b) 2 (b2 + 4c) x2 − x + 1 − a2 x2
⇒ lim =b 1  1 1  1  11 − 2  9
(c) 2 (b2 − 4c) x→ ∞
=  −  = × =
x2 − x + 1 + ax 2  2 11  2  2 × 11  44
(d)b2 − 4c
05 Let f : R → R be a function such that 10α (1 + 0) ⋅ r + 0 r
⇒ = 10 ⇒α = 6 = = …(ii)
6 2 2
f (2) = 4 and f ′ (2) = 1. Then, the value Now, α = β ⇒β = 6 From Eqs. (i) and (ii), by Sandwich
x 2f (2) − 4f (x) − 3α theorem, we conclude that,
of lim is equal to Again, γ= ⇒γ = − 9
x→ 2 x −2 2 [r] + [2r] + [3r] + … + [nr] r
[2021, 27 July Shift-I] lim =
∴ α + β + γ = 6 + 6 − 9 = 12 − 9 = 3 n→ ∞ n2 2
(a) 4 (b) 8
Sandwich Theorem
(c) 16 (d) 12 07 The value of ⇒ Let g (x) ≤ f (x) ≤ h(x)
Ans. (d) [r] + [2r] +……+ [nr]
lim , where r is and lim g (x) = lim h(x) = l
f(2) = 4, f′ (2) = 1 n→ ∞ n2 x→ a x→ a
x2f (2) − 4f (x) non-zero real number and [r] ∴ lim f (x) = l
Now, lim x→ a
x→2 x −2 denotes the greatest integer less ae x − bcos x + ce − x
0
Applying L-Hospital Rule as form on than or equal to r, is equal to 08 If lim =2,
0 [2021, 17 March Shift-II] x→ 0 x sin x
putting x = 2 r then a + b + c is equal to ……… .
(a) (b) r (c) 2r (d) 0
2x f (2) − 4f ′ (x) 2 [2021, 16 March Shift-I]
So, lim
x→2 1 Ans. (a) Ans. (4)
= 2 ⋅ 2 ⋅ f (2) − 4f ′ (2) ae x − b cos x + ce − x
As, we know that, We have, lim =2
= 4 ⋅ 4 − 4 ⋅ 1 = 12
r ≤ [r] < r + 1 x→ 0 x sin x
α xe x −β log e (1 + x) + γx 2 e − x 2r ≤ [2r] < 2r + 1 ⇒
06 If lim 2 3r ≤ [3r] < 3r + 1  x2   x2 x 4 
x→ 0 x sin x a  1 + x + … − b  1 − + …
M M M  2!   2 4! 
=10, α, β, γ ∈R, then the value of
α + β + γ is … . [2021, 20 July Shift-II] nr ≤ [nr] < nr + 1  x2 
+ c  1 − x + …
2! 
Adding
Ans. (3) 
(r + 2r + 3r + 4r + … + nr) ≤ [r] + [2r] + [3r] lim
α x e x − β log e (1 + x) + γx2 e − x + [4r] + ... [nr] < (r + 1) + (2r + 1) + (3r + 1)
x→ 0  x3 
lim = 10 x  x − + …
x→ 0 x sin2 x + (4r + 1) + … + (nr + 1)  3! 
α x e x − β log e (1 + x) + γx2 e − x ⇒r (1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + … + n) ≤ [r] + [2r] (a − b + c) + (a − c) x
Now, lim + [3r] + … + [nr]
x→ 0 x sin2 x a b c 
< (r + 2r + 3r + … + nr) + (1 + 1 + 1 + … + 1) +  + +  x2 + …
144 42444 3 2 2 2
n− times ⇒ lim
α x (1 + x + x2 /2 + ..) − β n(n + 1)
x→ 0 x4
⇒ r⋅ ≤ [r] + [2r] + [3r] + … + [nr] x2 − +…
 6
x2 x 3  2
 x − + ... − γx2 (1 − x + x2 /2 ...)
 2 3  r ⋅ (n(n + 1)) Here, in numerator, all the coefficients
= lim < +n of x k , where k < 2 has to be zero, then
2
x→ 0 x sin2 x only limit will exist.
 n(n + 1) 
x (α + β) + x (α + β /2 + γ) + x 3
2
r⋅  a −b + c =0
 2 
x ⇒ a − c =0
α β  n2
 − − γ  ... ⇒ a=c
2 3  [r] + [2r] + [3r] + … + [nr]
= lim ≤ ⇒ b = 2a
x→ 0 x sin2 x n2
After solving limit,
For limit to exist, the numerator must  n(n + 1)  a+b+ c
r⋅ +n
have degree greater than or equal to  2  =2
denominator. < 2
n2 So, a + 2a + a = 4
Degree of denominator = 3
n⋅ n 1 +  ⋅ r
1
∴ For limit to exist, α − β =0 ...(i) ⇒ a=1
n(n + 1) ⋅ r  n
β Now, lim = lim ∴ a = 1, b = 2 and c = 1
and α + + γ =0 ...(ii) 2⋅ n2
n→ ∞ n→ ∞ 2n2
2 a + b + c = 1+ 2+ 1=4
(1 + 0) ⋅ r r
= = …(i)
Also, for terms greater than degree ‘3’, 2 2 ax − (e 4x − 1)
gives 0 as x → 0
n(n + 1)
09 If lim exists and is
α β ⋅r + n x→ 0 ax (e 4x − 1)
∴ − − γ = 10 ...(iii) 2
and lim
2 3
n→ ∞ n2 equal to b, then the value of a − 2b
From Eq. (i), β = α
n(n + 1) ⋅ r + 2n is ……… . [2021, 25 Feb. Shift-II]
α  3α = lim
From Eq. (ii), γ =  + α  = − n→ ∞ 2n2
2  2 Ans. (5)
n2  1 +  r + 
Putting these in Eq. (iii), 1 2 ax − (e 4 x − 1)  0 form
 n lim = L (say)
α α 3α 3α − 2α + 9α = lim  n x→ 0 ax (e 4 x − 1)  0 
− + = 10 ⇒ = 10
2 3 2 6 n→ ∞ 2n2
 1
Apply L - Hospital rule, ⇒ 1 + 2 + 3 + ... + n = 820 1/ 3 1− 1/ 3
 3 42 / 3 24 / 3
=  
4 4 3 2 2
a − 4e 4 x n (n + 1) =  = = =
L = lim ⇒ = 820  4 (3) 2
2−
1
35 / 3 35 / 3 3  9
x → 0 a (e 4 x
− 1) + ax (4e 4 x ) 2 3 3
⇒ n(n + 1) = 1640 = 40 × 41 ⇒ n = 40 Hence, option (d) is correct.
[Limit exist everywhere excepta = 4]
Again, applyL-Hospital rule, ( 1 + x2 + x 4 − 1) / x
12 Let [t] denote the greatest integer x (e − 1)
−16e 4 x 14 lim
L = lim ≤ t. If for some λ ∈R − {0, 1}, x→ 0
x → 0 a (4e ) + a (4e 4 x ) + ax (16e 4 x )
4 x
1 − x + | x| 1+ x + x −1 2 4

=
−16
=
−2 lim = L, then L is equal [2020, 5 Sep. Shift-II]
x → 0 λ − x + [x]
4a + 4a a (a) is equal to e (b) is equal to 1
−2 −1 to [2020, 3 Sep. Shift-I]
= = (use a = 4) (c) is equal to 0 (d) does not exist
4 2 1
(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) (d) 0 Ans. (b)
Given, L = b 2
−2 −1 Ans. (b) ( 1 + x 2 + x 4 – 1) / x
⇒ = =b Lim x (e – 1)
x→ 0
a 2 For some λ ∈ R − {0, 1} 1+ x + x –1
2 4
−1
Then, a − 2b = 4 − 2  = 4 + 1 = 5 lim
1 − x + | x|
=L ( 1 + x 2 + x 4 – 1) / x
–1
2 Lim e
x → 0 λ − x + [x] = x→ 0 =1
n ( 1 + x + x – 1) / x
2 4
 1 + 1 + ...... + 1  ⇒ L = lim
1−x − x
 Lim (1 + x2 + x 4 ) 1/ 2 – 1
  λ−1 =0
10 lim 1 +  2 2 n x → 0− Q x→ 0
 x
n→ ∞  n  1− x + x e –1 
y
= lim and Lim = 1
  λ −0
x→ 0+
y→ 0
y 
is equal to 1 1 1  ( x − 1) 2 
 ∫0
[2021, 25 Feb. Shift-I]
⇒ L= = Q |λ − 1 | = | λ | ⇒ = t cos(t 2 ) dt 
1 1 |λ − 1 | | λ | 2 15 lim 
(a) (b) 0 (c) (d) 1 
2 e ∴ L =2 x→ 1  (x − 1) sin(x − 1) 
Ans. (d)  
(a + 2x) 1/ 3 − (3x) 1/ 3
Given, limit form is 1∞ . 13 lim (a ≠ 0) is [2020, 6 Sep. Shift-I]
 1+ 1 + 1 + … + 1  x→ a (3a + x) 1/ 3 − (4x) 1/ 3 1
  (a) is equal to (b) is equal to 1
lim  2 3 n 2
n→ ∞  n  equal to [2020, 3 Sep. Shift-II]
  1
L=e   4/ 3 4/ 3 (c) is equal to − (d) does not exist
 2  2 2
1 1  1 1 1 1  (a)   (b)  
S = 1+  +  +  + + +  +…  3  9 Ans. (*)  (x − 1) 2 
2 3  4 5 6 7  1/ 3 1/ 3 ∫ t cos(t2 ) dt 
 2  2  2  2 L = lim  0

Clearly, (c)     (d)     x → 1  (x − 1) sin(x − 1) 
 9   3  3  9 
 1 1
S < 1 +  +  +  + + +  + … +  
1 1 1 1
 2 2  4 4 4 4 Ans. (d) Let x − 1 = h, so as x → 1 ⇒h→ 0
 1 1 (a + 2x) 1/ 3 − (3x) 1/ 3  h2 
, (a ≠ 0)  form
 n + …+ n  0  t cos(t2 )dt 
 ∫
lim
2 2  x→ a (3a + x) 1/ 3
− (4x) 1/ 3  0  
1442443
2 n times ∴ L = lim  0 
Put x = a + h h→ 0  h sinh 
S < 1+ 1+ 1+ 1+ …+ 1 (a + 2a + 2h) 1/ 3 − (3a + 3h) 1/ 3  
So, lim  
S< n+ 1 h→ 0 (3a + a + h) 1 / 3 − (4a + 4h) 1 / 3  
 n+ 1  On applying L’Hospital rule, we get
lim  
n → ∞  2 n + 1 − 1 
 2h 
1/ 3
 3h  
1/ 3
∴ L=e ⇒ L = e0 (3a) 1/ 3   1 +  −  1 +    h2 (cos(h4 )) ⋅2h 
L = lim  
  3a   3h  
 h→ 0  h cosh + sinh  
∴ L=1 = lim
h→ 0   
1 / 3
 4 
1/ 3 
x + x 2 + x 3 +....+ x n − n h
(4a) 1/ 3   1 +  −  1 +  
h 2h2 cos(h4 ) 0 × 1
= lim = =0
11 If lim = 820,   4a   4a   h→ 0 sinh 1 + 1
x→ 1 x −1 cosh +
 2h 3h  h
 1 + 9a − 1 − 9a + higher 
(n∈ N) then the value of n is equal (*) None option is correct.
to ……… [2020, 2 Sep. Shift-I] 1/ 3   3 x + 3 3 − x − 12
 3
= lim   
degree terms  16 lim is equal to ……… .
Ans. (40)
h→ 0  4   h 4h  x→ 2 3 − x/2 − 3 1− x
Given, 1 + − 1− + higher  [2020, 7 Jan. Shift-I]
 12a 12 a 
x + x2 + x 3 + K + x n − n  Ans. (36)
lim = 820, (n∈N ) degree terms
x→ 1 x−1 3x + 33 − x − 12  0 form
 2 3   −1  lim  
1/ 3  −  1/ 3   x →2 3− x / 2 − 31 − x 0 
x − 1 x − 1 x − 1 2
x − 1 3 n
 3  3
⇒ lim  + + + ... +  =   9 9 =   9 
x→ 1 x −1
 x − 1 x − 1 x −1   4   1 − 4   4   −3  Put x = 2 + h as x → 2 ⇒ h→ 0
   
= 820  12 12   12 
 x4 −1 x3 − k 3
32 + h + 31 − h − 12 18 If lim = lim , then k is Clearly, maximum off (x) occurred at
= lim h x→ 1 x −1 x→ k x2 − k 2 x =2, so α = 2.
h→ 0 −1 −
3 2
− 3 −1 − h
[2019, 10 April Shift-I] and minimum of g (x) occurred at x = − 1,
(a)
4
(b)
3
(c)
3
(d)
8 so β = − 1.
9⋅3h + 3⋅3− h − 12
= lim 3 8 2 3 ⇒ αβ = − 2
h→ 0 1 − h / 2
(3 − 3− h ) Ans. (d)
3 (x − 1) (x2 − 5x + 6)
Now, lim
x4 − 1 x 3 − k3 x → − αβ x2 − 6x + 8
9(3(3h − 1) + (3− h − 1)) Given, lim = lim 2
= lim x→ 1 x − 1 x → k x − k2
h→ 0 3− h (3h / 2 − 1) (x − 1) (x − 3) (x − 2)
(x − 1)(x + 1)(x2 + 1) = lim [Qαβ = − 2]
⇒ lim x→2 (x − 4) (x −2)
  3h − 1   3− h − 1   x→ 1 x−1
 3  h +   (−h)  (x − 1) (x − 3)
 h   −h  (x − k)(x2 + k2 + xk) = lim
= lim 9⋅3h   = lim x→2 (x − 4)
h→ 0   h /2 − 1  h  x→ k (x − k)(x + k)
  h /2   (2 − 1) (2 − 3)
  3  2  3k2
⇒ 2×2= ⇒ k=
8 =
2k 3 (2 − 4)
  3h − 1   3− h − 1  
 3  −    1 × (− 1) 1
 h   −h   x 2 − ax + b = =
= lim 9⋅3h  19 If lim = 5, then a + b is (− 2) 2
h→ 0  1  3h / 2 − 1   x→ 1 x −1
    equal to [2019, 10 April Shift-II] 1+ 1+ y 4 − 2
 2  h /2  
(a) − 4 (b) 1 (c) − 7 (d) 5 21 lim
  y→ 0 y4
 3log e 3 − log e 3  Ans. (c) [2019, 9 Jan. Shift-I]
=9×1  1
1 x − ax + b
2
(a) exists and equals
 log e 3  It is given that lim =5 …(i)
 2  x→ 1 x−1
4 2
 3 − 1 (b) does not exist
= 9  = 36 Since, limit exist and equal to 5 and 1
 1 /2  denominator is zero at x = 1,so numerator (c) exists and equals
2 2
ah − 1 x2 − ax + b should be zero at x = 1,
[Qlim 3h = 30 = 1 and lim = log e a] 1
h→ 0 h→ 0 h So 1 − a + b = 0 ⇒ a = 1 + b …(ii) (d) exists and equals
2 2 ( 2 + 1)
1/ x2 On putting the value of ‘a’ from Eq. (ii) in
 3x 2 + 2  Ans. (a)
17 lim  2  is equal to Eq. (i), we get
x → 0  7 x + 2 x2 − (1 + b) x + b
lim =5 1+ 1 + y4 − 2
x→ 1 x−1 Clearly, lim
(a) e 2
(b) e y→ 0 y4
1 1 (x2 − x) − b (x − 1)
(c) 2 (d) ⇒ lim =5
e e x→ 1 x−1 1+ 1+ y4 − 2 1 + 1+ y4 + 2
(x − 1) (x − b) = lim ×
[2020, 8 Jan. Shift-I] ⇒ lim =5 y→ 0 y 4
x→ 1 x−1 1+ 1 + y4 + 2
Ans. (c)
1/ x 2
⇒ lim (x − b) = 5 [rationalising the numerator]
 3x2 + 2  x→ 1
Given limit lim  2  = P (let), (1 + 1 + y4 ) − 2
x→ 0 7 x + 2 
⇒ 1−b = 5 ⇒ b = −4 …(iii)
= lim
On putting value of ‘b’ from Eq. (iii) to y→ 0
having 1∞ form, y4 ( 1 + 1 + y 4 + 2)
Eq. (ii), we get
1  3x 2
+2 
lim
x→ 0 x 2  7 x 2 + 2
− 1 a = −3 [Q(a + b) (a − b) = a2 − b2 ]

∴ P=e So, a+b=−7
{Q If lim (f (x)) g (x ) have indeterminant 1 + y4 − 1 1 + y4 + 1
= lim ×
x→ a
form 1∞ , then 20 Let f (x) = 5 − | x − 2| and g (x) = | x + 1|, y→ 0
1 + y4 + 1
lim g (x )(f (x ) − 1) y4 ( 1 + 1 + y 4 + 2)
lim (f (x)) g (x )
=e x→ a
} x ∈R. If f (x) attains maximum value
x→ a [again, rationalising the numerator]
at α and g (x) attains minimum value
1  3x 2
+ 2 − 7x−2  2
y4
lim 
x→ 0 x 2 

 (x − 1) (x 2 − 5x + 6) = lim
⇒ P=e
7x2 + 2  of β, then lim y→ 0
y4 ( 1 + 1 + y 4 + 2) ( 1 + y 4 + 1)
x → − αβ x 2 − 6x + 8
1  4x 2
−4
lim −  lim 1
x→ 0 x 2  7 x 2 +2  x→ 0 7 x 2 + 2 is equal to [2019, 12 April Shift-II] =
=e =e 2 2 ×2
(a) 1/2 (b) − 3 /2 (c) − 1 /2 (d) 3/2
On applying limit, we get (by cancelling y 4 and then by direct
Ans. (a)
1 substitution).
P = e −4 / 2 = e −2 = Given functions aref (x) = 5 − | x − 2 |
e2 1
=
Hence, option (c) is correct. and g (x) = | x + 1 |, where x ∈ R. 4 2
22 For each t ∈R, let [t] be the But f : R → [0, ∞) Ans. (a)
f (a) g (x) − f (a) − g (a)f (x) + g (a)
greatest integer less than or equal ∴ Range of f (x) ≥ 0 ⇒ lim f (x) = 3 lim =4
x→ 5 x→ a g (x) − f (x)
to t. Then, 2x
 1   2 15  a b Applying L’Hospital rule, we get
lim x  + +…+ 24 If lim 1 + + 2  = e 2 , then the
 x   x 
x→ 0 +    x  x→ ∞  x x  lim
f (a) g ′ (x) − g (a)f ′ (x)
=4
[JEE Main 2018]
x→ a g ′ (x) − f ′ (x)
values of a and b are [AIEEE 2004]
(a) is equal to 0 kg ′ (x) − kf ′ (x)
(a) a ∈ R, b ∈ R (b) a = 1, b ∈ R ⇒ lim =4
(b) is equal to 15 (c) a ∈ R, b = 2 (d) a = 1, b = 2
x→ a g ′ (x) − f ′ (x)
(c) is equal to 120 Ans. (b) ∴ k =4
(d) does not exist (in R) x
2x
 x + 5x + 3
2
Now, lim  1 + + 2 
a b
Ans. (c) 27 lim  2  is equal to
x→ ∞  x + x + 2 
x→ ∞  x x 
Key idea Use property of greatest  a b  
 + 
integer function [x] = x − { x }. 2x 
x x2  [AIEEE 2002]
= lim  1 + +
a b  a
+
b 
 1 2
  (a) e 4 (b) e2
 15   x→ ∞    x x2 
We have, lim x    +   + …+
2 x x
 x   x   x   (c) e 3 (d) e
x→ 0 +     a
lim 2 x  +
b 
 Ans. (a)
x→ ∞  x x2 
We know, [x] = x − { x } =e x
 1 = 1 − 1  x2 + 5x + 3 
∴   Now, lim  2 
 x  x  x  Q lim (1 + x) 1/ x = e
 x → ∞  x→ ∞  x + x +2  
 n = n −  n  4x + 1 
x
Similarly,
 x  x  x  = e2 a = lim  1 + 2 
2x x→ ∞  x + x + 2 
But lim  1 + + 2  = e2
a b
∴Given limit
1 x→ ∞  x x  (4 x + 1) x
= lim x  −   + −   + …
1 2 2
+ x
 1
(4 x + 1) x2 + x +2
x→ 0  x x x  ⇒ e2 a = e2  4x + 1  x 2
+ x +2 
15  15  = lim   1 + 2  
−   ⇒ a=1 x→ ∞  x + x + 2
x  x   
and b ∈R  
= lim (1 + 2 + 3+ ...+15) − x  4+ 1 
x→ 0 + log (3 + x) − log (3 − x) 
 x

  1  2   15  25 If lim = k , then lim
   +   + ... +   x→ 0 x
x→ ∞
1+ +
1 2
 x  x   x  =e x x2
the value of k is [AIEEE 2003]
= 120 − 0 = 120  x 
(a) 0 (b) –1/3 = e4  1
  Q lim  1 +  = e 
Q0 ≤   < 1, therefore
n
x→ 0  x 
 x   (c) 2/3 (d) –2/3  
  x
0 ≤ x  n  < x ⇒ lim x  n  = 0  Ans. (c)  x − 3
      28 For x ∈R, lim   is equal to
x  x→ 0 +  x  log (3 + x) − log (3 − x) x → ∞  x + 2
Q lim =k
x→ 0 x
[AIEEE 2002]
23 Letf : R → [0, ∞) be such that lim f (x) [using L’Hospital rule]
x→ 5  1 1  (a) e (b) e −1
 + 
[f (x)] 2 − 9 3 + x 3 − x (c) e −5 (d) e 5
exists and lim = 0. Then, ⇒ lim =k
x→ 0 1 Ans. (c)
x→ 5 | x − 5| 1 1
⇒ + =k  x −3
x

lim f (x) is equal to [AIEEE 2011] 3 3 Now, lim  

x→ 5 x → ∞  x + 2
2
∴ k= x
(a) 3 (b) 0 (c) 1 (d) 2 3  5 
= lim  1 −
Ans. (a) x→ ∞  x + 2 
26 Let f (a) = g (a) = k and their nth
Given, lim f (x) exists and  −5 x 
 
x→ 5
derivativesf n (a), g n (a) exist and are  1
 −5 
 
  x + 2
   −5    x + 2 
[f (x)]2 − 9 not equal for some n. Further, if = lim  1 +   
=0
  x + 2  
lim x→ ∞
|x − 5| 
x→ 5 f (a)g (x) − f (a) − g (a)f (x) + g (a)  
lim = 4,
⇒ lim [f (x)]2 − 9 = 0 x→ a g (x) − f (x)  5 
x→ 5
lim  −
x→ ∞ 

1 + 2/ x    1
x 
⇒ ( lim [f (x)]) = 9
2 =e Q lim  1 +  = e 
x→ 5
then the value of k is [AIEEE 2003]
 x→ ∞ x 
∴ lim f (x) = 3, − 3 (a) 4 (b) 2 (c) 1 (d) 0
x→ 5 = e −5
 31 The value of We have to extract till the coefficient of
TOPIC 2  x  x2 as denominator is x2 .
Limits of Trigonometric lim   is equal  x2  
1
x2 
x → 0  8 1 − sin x − 8 1 + sin x 
 So,  1 −  (1 − 2x2 ) 2 =  1 −  (1 − x2 )
Function  2  2
to [2021, 27 July Shift-II]
 x2 x4   3 2 
sin 2 (π cos 4 x) (a) 0 (b) 4 (c) − 4 (d) − 1 =  1 − − x2 +  = 1 − x 
29 lim is equal to  2 2   2 
x→ 0 x4 Ans. (c)
 x + 2
[2021, 31 Aug. Shift-I]
 x  lim (1 − cos x cos 2 x )  x 2 
(a) π 2 (b) 2 π 2 lim   x→ 0
x → 0  1 − sin x − 1 + sin x 
8 8 So, e
(c) 4 π 2 (d) 4π    3x 2   x + 2
lim  1 −     
Rationalise denominator three times, x→ 0   
Ans. (c)   2    x 2 
=e
 x 
sin2 ( π cos4 x) lim    3x 2  x + 2
x → 0  1 − sin x − 1 + sin x 
lim 8 8 lim  2  
 
x→ 0 x 4     x2 

= ex→ 0 = e3
sin2 [ π (1 − cos4 x)] π2 (1 − cos4 x)2  8 1 − sin x + 8 1 + sin x 
= lim .   ∴ e = e ⇒a = 3
a 3
x → 0 [ π (1 − cos4 x)]2 x4  8 1 − sin x + 8 1 + sin x 
sin4 x (1 + cos2 x)2  4 1 − sin x + 4 1 + sin x 
sin −1 x − tan −1 x
= lim π2   33 If lim is equal to L,
x4 4 1 + sin x  x→ 0 3x 3
x→ 0
 4 1 − sin x + 
then the value of (6L + 1) is
= lim π (1 + cos x) = 4 π2
2 2 2
 1 − sin x + 1 + sin x 
x→ 0   [2021, 18 March Shift-I]
 1 − sin x + 1 + sin x  1 1
tan x − tan x
3 (a) (b) (c) 6 (d) 2
30 If α = lim and  x  6 2
π
cos x + 
x→
π = lim  
x → 0  (1 − sin x) − (1 + sin x)  Ans. (d)
4  4 sin−1 x − tan−1 x
( 1 − sin x +
8 8 1 + sin x ) Given, L = lim
β = lim (cos x) cot x are the roots of x→ 0 3x 3
x→ 0 ⇒L
(4 1 − sin x + 4 1 + sin x ) ( 1 − sin x + 1 + sin x )
the quation, ax 2 + bx − 4 = 0, then  
 x + 1 ⋅ x + 1 ⋅3 ⋅ x + … 
2 3 2 2 5

the ordered pair (a, b) is  x 8  

 3 ! 5 ! 
[2021, 31 Aug. Shift-II] = lim   ( 1 − sin x +
8 1 + sin x )
x → 0  − 2 sin x  
(a) (1, – 3) (b) (– 1, 3) x 3 x 5 
− x − + …
(c) (–1, – 3) (d) (1, 3) (4 1 − sin x + 4 1 + sin x ) ( 1 − sin x + 1 + sin x )  5 
 3
= lim
Ans. (d) x→ 0 3x 3
 1  sin x 
tan x − tan x3 =  −  (2) (2) (2) Q lim =1 (using expansion of sin−1 x and tan−1 x)
α = lim  2  x → 0 x 
π
cos  x +  ⇒L
π
x→
 = −4  x 3 9x 5   x3 x5 
4
4
 + + …  − − + …
tan x (tan x + 1) (tan x − 1)  3!   3 5 
= lim 32 If the value of  5!  
π = lim
cos  x + 
π  x+2
x→
 
x→ 0 3x 3
4  4  x2 
lim (2 − cos x cos2x ) is equal ⇒L
sin x  sin x − cos x   sin x + cos x  x→ 0   1 9x2   1 x2 
⋅   a x 3   + + …  +  − +… 
cos x  cos x  cos x  to e , then a is equal to ……… .
= lim [2021, 20 July Shift-I] = lim  6 120   3 5 
π 1
x→ (cos x − sin x) x→ 0 3x 3
4
2 Ans. (3)
1 1 1+ 2
− 2 sin x (sin x + cos x) x +2 +
= lim 1
lim (2 − cos x cos 2x ) x2 = 1∞ ⇒ L=6 3= 6 =
x→
π cos3 x x→ 0 3 3 6
4
1 x +2 1
− 2× × 2 ∴ 6L + 1 = 6 × + 1 = 2
2 ⇒ lim (1 + 1 − cos x cos 2x ) x2 6
= = −4 x→ 0
1
 x + 2 34 The value of
2 2 lim (1 − cos x cos 2 x )  
x→ 0  x2 
⇒ e cos −1 (x − [x] 2 ) ⋅ sin −1 (x − [x] 2 )
and β = lim (cos x) cot x
x→ 0 x2 x 4 lim ,
lim
cos x − 1 ⇒ cos x = 1 − + − x→ 0 + x − x3
=e x → 0 tan x 2! 4!
lim −
sin x (2x)2 (2x) 4 where [x] denotes the greatest
x→ 0 2 ⇒ cos 2x = 1 − + − integer ≤ x is [2021, 17 March Shift-I]
=e sec x
= e0 = 1 2! 4!
Equation whose roots are α and β, is 1 (a) π (b) 0
 x2 x 4  π π
− K  1 − 2x2 + x 4 K
2 2
x2 + 3x − 4 = 0 =  1 − + (c) (d)
 2 24  3  4 2
∴ a =1,b = 3
 Ans. (d) Ans. (a)  sin π + h − π  
x2   6 
6  
lim
cos− 1 (x − [x]2 ) ⋅ sin− 1 (x − [x]2 ) ∫0 (sin t )dt = lim 2  
 3h cos h + π  
Given, lim h→ 0
x→ 0+ x − x3 x→ 0 x3
  6  
x→0 + h 0
QIt is of the form .
2  sinh 
cos− 1 (h − 0) ⋅ sin− 1 (h − 0) 0 = lim  
= lim h → 0 3 h cos(h + π / 6) 
h→ 0 h − h3 By differentiating numerator and
denominator, 2 sinh 1
cos− 1 h⋅ sin− 1 h = ⋅ lim ⋅ lim
= lim sin x2 ⋅2x sin x ⋅2x 3 h → 0 h h → 0 cos(h + π / 6)
h→ 0 h (1 − h) (1 + h) lim = lim
x→ 0 3x 2
3x2x→ 0 2 1
 sin− 1 h   cos− 1 h  = ⋅ (1) ⋅
π 2 sin x 2 2 cos( π / 6)
= lim    = 1⋅ = lim = (1) = 3
h → 0 h   (1 − h) (1 + h)  2 3 x→ 0 x 3 3 2 2 4
= ⋅ 1⋅ =
π  n    3 3 3
RHL = 1
2 37 lim tan  ∑ tan − 1    is
 1/ x
 π 
 1 + r + r   39 lim  tan + x 
2
n→ ∞  r = 1 is equal to
35 The value of the limit x→ 0  4 
equal to ……… .
tan(π cos 2 θ) [2021, 24 Feb. Shift-I]
[2020, 2 Sep. Shift-II]
lim is equal t'o (a) e (b) 2 (c) 1 (d) e2
θ→ 0 sin (2π sin 2 θ) Ans. (1)
Ans. (d)
[2021, 17 March Shift-II]  n  1  
Given, lim tan ∑ tan− 1 
1/ x
  π 
(a) −
1
(b) −
1
(c) 0 (d)
1 n→ ∞ r = 1
2 
 1 + r + r   Given lim  tan + x  
2 4 4 x→ 0 4 
 n  [Having 1∞ form]
Ans. (a) = tan lim ∑ [tan− 1 (r + 1) − tan− 1 r] 
 n→ ∞  lim  1  π 
Method (I)  r =1  = e x→ 0  tan + x  − 1 
  4  
 tan( π cos2 θ)   π   x 
Let L = lim   = tan lim  tan− 1 (n + 1) −  
θ → 0  sin(2 π sin2 θ) 
lim 1 1 + tan x
  n→ ∞  4  =e →    
− 1 
x 0
 
 π π π  x  1 − tan x  
 tan[ π (1 − sin2 θ)]  = tan −  = tan = 1 tan A + tan B
= lim    2 4 4 As tan(A + B) =
θ → 0  sin(2 π sin2 θ)   1 − tan A tan B
Hence, the required value is 1.
 tan( π − π sin2 θ)  lim  1 2 tan x 
= lim   = e x→ 0  × 
θ → 0  sin(2 π sin2 θ)   38 The value of  x 1 − tan x 
 π π 
 − tan( π sin2 θ)  3 sin  + h − cos  + h = e2
= lim    6   6   Q lim tan x = 1
θ → 0  sin(2 π sin2 θ)  lim 2  
h→ 0 3h ( 3 cos h − sin h)  x → 0 x 
 
 − tan( π sin2 θ)    Hence, option (d) is correct.
 × ( π sin2 θ) 
−1
= lim  ( π sin θ2)
2
= is [2021, 26 Feb. Shift-I]
θ → 0  sin(2 π sin θ)  2 40 If lim
 × (2 π sin2 θ)  (a)
4
(b)
2
(c)
3
(d)
2 x→ 0
 (2 π sin θ)
2
 
3 3 4 3  x2 x2 
Method (II)  1 1 − cos − cos 
 
Ans. (a)
 8  2 4
 tan( π cos2 θ)   0  3 sin π +h − cos π +h   2 2
Let L = lim  x
  Form  + cos cos  
    x x
θ → 0 sin(2 π sin2 θ)   6  6  
  0
lim 2     2 4  
h→ 0
 3h ( 3 cos h − sin h) 
[Using L-Hospital Rule]
  = 2 − k , then the value of k is
sec2 ( π cos2 θ) (− 2 π cosθ⋅ sinθ) .......... . [2020, 3 Sep. Shift-I]
L = lim   3 π  1 π 
θ→ 0 cos(2 π sin2 θ) ⋅ (4 π sinθ⋅ cosθ) 2  sin +h − cos +h   Ans. (8.00)
  2  6  2  6  
− 1 (− 1)2 − 1 = lim 2  Given,

= × = h→ 0
 2 × 3h   3 1   lim
2 1 2 cos h − sin h x→ 0
  2  
  2  
x2  1  x2 x2 x2 x2  
 8  1 − cos − cos + cos cos  
∫ (sin t )dt   π  π 
 cos  sin +h


x  2 4 2 4 
36 lim 0
is equal to  6 6

x3  π π

− sin  cos +h
x→ 0  = 2− k
     
= lim 2  6 6
 ⇒
[2021, 24 Feb. Shift-I] h→ 0   π π
3h  cos cosh − sin sinh  1  x2   x2 
 lim  1 − cos 
8 
 1 − cos  = 2− k
(a)
2
(b)
3
(c)
1
(d) 0  6 6   x→ 0 x  2  4
 
3 2 15
  x2  x2 sin2 x x ([x] + | x |) sin [x]
2 sin2   .2 sin2 = lim lim
4
x→ 0  x x → 0− |x |
8 2  1 − cos 
⇒ lim = 2− k  2 x ([x] − x) sin [x]
x→ 0 x8 = lim (Q | x | = − x, if
sin2 x x → 0− −x
 2
2
x2  x
8  = lim
 sin x sin   x→ 0
2 × 2 sin2  
x x <0)
 8  (32)2  −k  4
⇒ lim 4  2 4 ×  =2 x (− 1 − x) sin(− 1)
x  x8
2 = lim (Q lim [x] = − 1)
x→ 0
  x /4   x
Q1 − cos = 2 sin2
x
x → 0− −x x → 0−
 8    2 4 
  − x (x + 1) sin(− 1)
4 x2 16 = lim
⇒ 10 = 2−k ⇒2− k = 2−8 ⇒k = 8 = lim 2
= =4 2 x → 0− −x
x→ 0 2 2
2 2  
2 x
Hence, answer is 8.00.  4 = lim (x + 1) sin(− 1)
[lim sin x = lim x] x → 0−
x→ 0 x→ 0
41 If α is the positive root of the = (0 + 1) sin (− 1) (by direct substitution)
x + 2 sin x
43 lim = − sin 1 [Q sin(− θ) = − sinθ]
equation, p(x) = x 2 − x − 2 = 0, then x→ 0
x 2 + 2 sin x + 1 − sin2 x − x + 1
1 − cos(p(x))
lim is equal to is [2019, 12 April Shift-II] 45 For each t ∈R, let [t] be the
x→ α + x +α −4 (a) 6 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 1 greatest integer less than or equal
[2020, 5 Sep. Shift-I]
Ans. (b) to t. Then,
1 1
π
(1 − | x | + sin| 1 − x |) sin [1 − x]
(a) (b) Let
2 2 x + 2 sin x
3 3 P = lim 2 
(c) (d) x→ 0
x2 + 2 sin x + 1 − sin2 x − x + 1
lim
2 2 x → 1+ | 1 − x | [1 − x]
 0 form [2019, 10 Jan. Shift-I]
Ans. (c)  0 
Given equation p(x) = x − x − 22 (a) equals 0 (b) does not exist
On rationalization, we get (c) equals − 1 (d) equals 1
= (x − 2)(x + 1) having a positive rootα, so (x + 2 sin x)
α = 2. P = lim 2 Ans. (a)
x → 0 x + 2 sin x + 1 − sin2 x + x − 1
1 − cos(p(x)) Given,
Now, lim
x→ α + x + α −4 ( x2 + 2 sin x + 1 + sin2 x − x + 1) π 
( 1 − | x | + sin |1 − x |) sin  [1 − x] 
2 
 2 sin
 p(x) 
 lim
|1 − x | [1 − x]
  2  = lim ( x2 + 2 sin x + 1 + sin2 x − x + 1) x→ 1+
= lim x→ 0
x →2 + x −2 Put x = 1 + h, then
x + 2 sin x
 × lim
 (x − 2)(x + 1)   x→ 0 x2 − sin2 x + 2 sin x + x x → 1+ ⇒h→ 0 +
 sin 2

 π 
= lim  2  x + 2 sin x (1 − | x | + sin |1 − x |) sin  [1 − x] 
x →2 +  x −2 = 2 × lim 2 
 x→ 0 x2 − sin2 x + 2 sin x + x ∴ lim
  x→ 1+ |1 − x | [1 − x]
 0 form
[Qsinθ> 0, if θ→ 0 + ]  0  π 
(1 − |h + 1 | + sin|− h|) sin  [− h] 
  (x − 2)(x + 1)   2 
sin  Now applying theL′Hopital’s rule, we get = lim
  2   x + 1  h→ 0 + |− h| [− h]
= lim  2 ×  1 + 2 cos x
+
x →2  (x − 2)(x + 1)  2  P = 2 × lim π 
x → 0 2x − sin 2x +2 cos x + 1 (1 − (h + 1) + sinh) sin  [− h] 
 2  2 
(1 + 2) = lim
=2 [on applying limit] h→ 0 + h [− h]
 3 3 0 −0 + 2+ 1
= 2  = (Q |− h | = h and |h + 1 | = h + 1 as h> 0)
 2 2 3
=2× =2 π 
3 ( − h + sinh) sin  (− 1) 
sin 2 x x + 2 sin x 2 
42 lim equals ⇒ lim = lim
x→ 0 2 − 1 + cos x x→ 0 h→ 0 + h (− 1)
x + 2 sin x + 1 − sin2 x − x + 1
2

[2019, 8 April Shift-I] (Q[x] = − 1 for − 1 < x < 0 and h→ 0 +

=2
(a) 4 2 (b) 2 (c) 2 2 (d) 4 ⇒ −h → 0 − )
44 For each x ∈R, let [x] be the (− h + sinh)  − π
Ans. (a) = lim sin  
greatest integer less than or equal h→ 0 + −h  2 
sin2 x  0 form
Given limit is lim to x. (− h + sinh) sinh − h
x→ 0 2 − 1 + cos x  0  = lim (−1) = lim
x ([x] + | x |) sin [x] h→ 0 + −h h→ 0 + h
sin2 x Then, lim is  sinh   h
= lim x→ 0− |x| = lim   − lim +   = 1 − 1 = 0
h→ 0 +  h  h→ 0  h
x→ 0 x
2 − 2 cos
2 equal to [2019, 9 Jan. Shift-II]
 sinh 

Q1 + cos x = 2 cos2
x (a) 0 (b) sin 1 (c) − sin 1 (d) 1 Q lim + h = 1
  → 0 
2 
h
Ans. (c)
46 Let [x] denote the greatest integer tan( π sin2 x) π sin2 x π − 2 sin − 1 x
= lim . lim + 49 lim is equal to
less than or equal to x. x → 0− π sin2 x x → 0− x2 x → 1− 1− x
2
sin x sin x
Then, 1 + lim − 2 lim [2019, 12 Jan. Shift-II]
x → 0− x2 x → 0− x π
tan(π sin 2 x) + (| x | − sin(x [x])) 2 (a) (b)
2
lim = π + 1+ 1−2= π 2 π
x→ 0 x2 Q RHL ≠ LHL 1
[2019, 11 Jan. Shift-I] (c) π (d)
∴ Limit does not exist. 2π
(a) equals π (b) equals π + 1
(c) equals 0 (d) does not exist x cot(4x) Ans. (b)
47 lim is equal to
Ans. (d) x → 0 sin 2 2
x cot (2x) lim π − 2 sin−1 x
Let L = , then
Key Idea [2019, 11 Jan. Shift-II] x → 1− 1− x
(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) 4 (d) 2 limπ − 2 sin−1 x π + 2 sin−1 x
lim f (x) exist iff lim f (x) = lim f (x) L= ×
x→ a x→ a + x→ a− Ans. (b) x→ 1 −
1− x π + 2 sin−1 x
At x = 0, x cot4x
lim = [on rationalization]
tan( π sin2 x) + (| x |− sin(x [x])) 2 x→ 0 sin x ⋅ cot2 2x
2
RHL = lim lim π − 2 sin−1 x 1
x→ 0+ x 2
x 1 tan2 2x = ×
lim . 2 x → 1− 1− x π + 2 sin−1 x
tan( π sin x) + (x − sin(x ⋅0))2
2 x → 0 tan4x sin x 1
= lim π 
+
x2 1 4x x2 tan2 2x π − 2 − cos−1 x 
x→ 0 = lim . lim 2 
x → 0 4 (tan4x) sin2 x x2 =
 Q| x | = x for x > 0  x → 1− 1− x
and [x] = 0 for 0 < x < 1 1 4x  x   tan2x  4
2 2
  = lim 1  π
  .
x → 0 4 (tan4x)  sin x   2x  1
 . × Qsin−1 x + cos−1 x =
−1  2 
tan( π sin2 x) + x2 π+ 2 sin x
= lim 1 4 x tan x 
x→ 0+ x2 = . 1 .1 1. Q lim = 1 = lim lim 2 cos−1 x lim 1
4 1  x → 0 sin x x→ 0 x   = ×
 tan( π sin2 x) π sin2 x  x → 1− 1− x x → 1− π + 2 sin−1 x
=1
= lim  . + 1
+
x→ 0  π sin x
2 2
 lim 2 cos−1 x
x cot 3 x − tan x =
1
−
48 lim is 2 π x→ 1 1− x
tan ( π sin2 x) sin2 x π  π
= π lim . lim +1 x→
4 cos  x+   lim π
x→ 0+ π sin x 2
x2
x→ 0+  4 −1
Qx → 1− sin x = 2 
Q lim tan x = 1  [2019, 12 Jan. Shift-I]  
  (a) 4 2 (b) 4 (c) 8 (d) 8 2
= π+ 1 
x→ 0 x
 Put x = cosθ, then as x → 1− , therefore
and lim sin x = 1  Ans. (c) θ→ 0 +
  cot3 x − tan x 1 lim 2θ
x→ 0 x Given, limit = Lt Now, L = +
π
cos x +  2 π θ→ 0 1 − cos θ
x→ π/4
and LHL
tan( π sin2 x) + (| x | − sin(x [x])2  4 1 lim 2θ
= lim 1 − tan4 x 1 = +
x → 0− x2 = Lt × 2 π θ→ 0  θ
x→ π/4 1 3 2 sin 
(cos x − sin x) tan x  2
tan ( π sin2 x) + (− x − sin(x (− 1))2
= lim 2
 θ
x→ 0 −
x2 Qcot x = 1  Q1 − cosθ = 2 sin2
  2 
 Q| x | = − x for x < 0  tan x 
(1 − tan2 x) 2 (1 + tan2 x) θ
 
and [x] = − 1 for − 1 < x < 0  = Lt × 2⋅  
  1  2
x → cos x − sin x
π
tan3 x = ⋅ 2 lim
tan( π sin2 x) + (x + sin(− x))2 4 2 π θ→ 0 +  θ
= lim cos2 x − sin2 x 2 (sec2 x) sin 
x→ 0 −
x 2 = Lt ×  2
x→
π cos x − sin x cos2 x tan3 x
tan( π sin2 x) + (x − sin x)2 4 1 2  lim θ 
= lim [Q1 + tan2 x = sec2 x] = 2 2 = Q =1
π  x → 0 sinθ 
+
x → 0− x2 2 π
(cos x − sin x) (cos x + sin x)
= Lt
[Qsin(− θ) = − sinθ] x→
π (cos x − sin x) cot x − cos x
4
2 sec4 x 50 lim equals
 tan( π sin x) + x + sin x − 2x sin x 
2 2 2 × x→ π /2 (π − 2x) 3
= lim   tan3 x
x → 0−  x2  [Q(a2 − b2 ) = (a − b) (a + b)] [JEE Main 2017]
 tan( π sin2 x) sin2 x 2x sin x  2 sec4 x 1 1
= lim  + 1+ −  = Lt (cos x + sin x) (a) (b)
x → 0−  x2 x2 x2  x→
π
tan3 x 24 16
4 1 1
 tan ( π sin2 x) π sin2 x 2 ( 2) 4  1 1  (c) (d)
= lim  . +1 =  +  [on applying limit] 8 4
x → 0−  π sin2 x x2 (1) 3
 2 2
Ans. (b)
sin2 x sin x   2  cot x − cos x
+ −2  =4 2   = 8
x 
lim
x2  2 x → π /2 ( π − 2x) 3
 1 cos x (1 − sin x) Q lim sinθ = 1  2 | sin (2 + h − 2)|
= lim ⋅   2 | sin h |
lim = lim
 θ →0 θ
3 4
x → π /2 8 π  =2× × 1  h→ 0 (2 + h) − 2 h→ 0
sin x  − x  h
2  4  and lim tanθ = 1
  2 sin h
 θ→ 0 θ  ⇒ lim = 2
π  π  h→ 0
cos − h  1 − sin − h  h
1 2  2  sin(π cos 2 x)
= lim ⋅ 3
53 lim is equal to LHL at x = 2,
h→ 0 8
π π π
sin − h  − + h
 x→ 0 x2 2 | sin (2 − h − 2)| 2 | sin (− h) |
2 2 2  [JEE Main 2014] lim = lim
h→ 0 (2 − h) − 2 h→ 0 −h
sinh (1 − cos h) π
=
1
lim (a) (b) 1 (c) − π (d) π
2 2 sin h
8 h → 0 cos h⋅ h3 ⇒ lim =− 2
Ans. (d) h→ 0 −h
 h
sin h 2 sin2  sin( π cos2 x) sin π (1 − sin2 x) So, the limit does not exist.
1  2 lim = lim
= lim x→ 0 2 x→ 0 2
8 h→ 0 cos h⋅h3 x x
sin( π − π sin2 x)
56 If α and β are the distinct roots of
2  h = lim
sin h⋅ sin   x→ 0 x2 ax 2 + bx + c = 0, then
1  2
= lim sin ( π sin2 x) 1 − cos (ax 2 + bx + c)
4 h→ 0 h3 cos h = lim lim is equal to
x→ 0 x2 x→ α (x − α) 2
2
 sin h  sin( π sin2 x)  sin2 x  [AIEEE 2005]
sin h    = lim × ( π)  2 
= lim 
1 2 1 1
 h  ⋅ ⋅ π sin x 2
x→ 0  x  1 a2
4 h → 0 h    cos h 4 (a) (α − β)2 (b) − (α − β)2
   sin x 
 2  =π Q lim =1 2 2
 x → 0 x  a2
1 1 1 (α − β)2
= × = (c) 0 (d)
4 4 16 (1 − cos 2x) (3 + cos x) 2
54 lim is equal to Ans. (d)
51 Let p = lim (1 + tan 2 x ) 1/ 2x , then x→ 0 x tan 4x
[JEE Main 2013] 1 − cos (ax2 + bx + c)
x→ 0+ Now, lim
1 1 x→ α (x − α)2
(a) − (b) (c) 1 (d) 2
log p is equal to [JEE Main 2016] 4 2  ax2 + bx + c 
1 1 Ans. (d) 2 sin2  
(a) 2 (b) 1 (c) (d)  2 
2 4 (1 − cos 2x) (3 + cos x) x = lim
Let I = lim ⋅ ⋅ x→ α (x − α)2
Ans. (c) x→ 0 x2 1 tan4x
1
2 sin2 x 3 + cos x a 
Given, p = lim (1 + tan2 x ) 2 x (1∞ form) x 2 sin2  (x − α)(x − β) 
= lim ⋅ ⋅ 2  a 
2
x→ 0 + x→ 0 x2 1 tan4x = lim   (x − β)2
2 x→ α
a 
2  2
= 2 lim 
tan 2 x sin x    (x − α) (x − β)
2 2
lim
x→ 0 +
 ⋅ lim (3 + cos x)  2
x→ 0  x  x→ 0
2x
=e
4x a2  sin x 
2
⋅ lim = lim (x − β)2 Q lim =1
1
lim 
 tan x 
 1
x → 0 4 tan 4x x→ α 2  x → 0 x 
2 x→ 0 +  x 
=e = e2 ∴ sinθ θ
Q lim = 1 and lim =1 a2
1 = (α − β)2
1 θ→ 0 θ θ → 0 tanθ 2
log p = log e = 2
2 1
⇒ I = 2⋅ (1)2 ⋅ (3 + cos0 ° ) ⋅ (1) 1 − cos 2 x
4
(1 − cos2x) (3 + cos x) 1 1
57 lim is equal to
52 lim is equal to = 2⋅ 1⋅ (3 + 1) ⋅ = 2⋅4⋅ = 2 x→ 0 2x
x→ 0 x tan4x 4 4
[AIEEE 2002]
[JEE Main 2015]  1 − {cos2 (x − 2)}  (a) λ
1 55 lim   is equal to
x→ 2  
(a) 4 (b) 3 (c) 2 (d)
2  x −2  (b) –1
[AIEEE 2011] (c) zero
Ans. (c)
(a) 2 (b) − 2 (d) Does not exist
We have, 1
(c) (d) Does not exist Ans. (d)
(1 − cos2x)(3 + cos x)
lim 2 1 − cos 2x
x→ 0 x tan4x Now, lim
Ans. (d)
x→ 0 2x
2 sin2 x (3 + cos x)
= lim 1 − cos 2 (x − 2) 2 sin2 (x − 2) 2 | sin x |
x→ 0 tan4x = lim = lim
x× × 4x lim
4x x→2 (x − 2) x→2 (x − 2) x→ 0 2x
2 sin2 x (3 + cos x) 1 2 | sin (x − 2)| = lim
| sin x |
= lim × lim × = lim
tan4x (x − 2) x→ 0 x
x→ 0 x2 x→ 0 4 lim
x→2
x → 0 4x RHL at x = 2, Let f (x) =
| sin x |
x
 | sin (0 − h)|
Now, LHL = lim Ans. (c) 61 Let a, b ∈R, b ≠ 0. Define a function
0 −h
h→ 0
 (x − 3)(x + 1) e (3x − 2 ) 2 ;
sin h 
x>3  a sin π (x − 1), for x ≤ 0
= lim = −1 2
f (x) = − (x − 3)(x + 1) e (3x − 2 ) ; − 1 ≤ x ≤ 3 
h → 0 −h
 (x − 3)(x + 1 ) e (3x − 2 ) 2 ; f (x) =  tan2x2− sin2x
| sin (0 + h)| x< − 1 
and RHL = lim = lim
sin h
=1  , for x > 0
h→ 0 0+h h→ 0 h  bx 3
At x = − 1, let LHD beα, then its clear that
Q LHL ≠ RHL RHD be − α. If f is continuous at x = 0, then
Hence, lim
| sin x |
does not exist. Similarly, at x = 3, if LHD is β, then RHD at 10 − ab is equal to
x→ 0 x x = 3 will be − β. [2021, 26 Aug. Shift-I]
  x So, f (x) is not differentiable at x = − 1, Ans. (14)
1 − tan  2   (1 − sin x) x =3 For continuity
58 lim is equal At, all other pointsf (x) will be
x → 1 + tan  x   (π − 2x) 3
π LHL at 0 = f(0) = RHL at 0
2    differentiable.
  2   π
LHL = lim a sin (x − 1)
to [AIEEE 2003] 60 If the function x→ 0− 2
1 1 π
(a) (b) 0 (c) (d) ∞  1 + x  = −a sin = − a …(i)
8 32  1   2
 log e  a  ,x<0 tan2x − sin2x
Ans. (c)
 x 1 − x  RHL = lim
 x   b x→ 0 + bx 3
 1 − tan  (1 − sin x)
lim
 2  f (x) =  k ,x =0 = lim
sin2x (1 − cos2x)
x→
π  x
1 + tan  ( π − 2 x) 3  cos 2 x − sin 2 x − 1 x→ 0 + bx 3.cos2x
2   ,x>0
 2 2
  sin2x  (2 sin x) 1 4
π π x2 +1 −1 = lim 2
+  2x 
 . =
Let x = − h as x → ,h→ 0  x→ 0 x 2
b cos2x b
2 2
 …(i)
 π h
1 − tan  −  is continuous at x = 0, then From Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get
 4 2  (1 − cos h)
∴ lim ⋅ 1 1 4 −a =
4
h→ 0  π h
1 + tan  −  (2h) 3 + + is equal to b
 4 2 a b k
[2021, 31 Aug. Shift-I] ⇒ ab = −4
h
2 sin2 (a) − 5 (b) 5 ⇒ 10 − ab = 14
 π  π h  2
= lim tan  −  −   ⋅ (c) − 4 (d) 4
 4  4 2   8h
h→ 0 3

Ans. (a)
62 Let [t] denote the greatest integer
 π  1 − tan x 
Qtan  4 − x  = 1 + tan x 
less than or equal to t. Let
f (x) is continuous at x = 0
 
LHL at x = 0 = f(0) = RHL at x = 0
f (x) = x − [x] ,g (x) = 1 − x + [x] , and
2
tan
h  h
1+ x h(x) = min{f (x), g (x)}, x ∈ [− 2 , 2]. Then
1  sin   
= lim ⋅ 2 × 2 × 1 a h is [2021, 26 Aug. Shift-II]
h→ 0 4 h  h  4 ln
×2    1− x   1  x (a) continuous in [− 2, 2] but not
2  2    lim   ln 1 + 
 b  x → 0−  a   a differentiable at more than four
 tan h   sin h 
2 lim = points in (− 2, 2)
    x → 0− x  1
1 2  lim  2 = 1  x (b) not continuous at exactly three
= lim  a 
32 h → 0  h  h → 0  h  32  1  x points in [− 2, 2]
    lim  −  ln 1 − 
 2   2  − 
(c) continuous in [− 2, 2] but not
b  b  1 1
 sinθ tanθ  − x→ 0 = +  differentiable at exactly three points
Q lim = 1 and lim =1 − 1x a b  in (− 2, 2)
 θ → 0 θ θ→ 0 θ   
 b (d) not continuous at exactly four points
f (0) = k in [− 2, 2]
TOPIC 3 cos2 x − sin2 x − 1 Ans. (a)
lim
Continuity and x→ 0+ x + 1−1
2
We have,f (x) = x − [x] = { x }
Differentiability −2 sin x
2  2 sin2 x  and g (x) = 1 − x + [x] = 1 − { x }
lim = lim −  
x→ 0+ 2 +
x + 1 − 1 x→ 0  x
2
 Y'
59 The function 1
f(x) g(x)
2 ( x2 + 1 + 1 ) = −4
f (x) = | x 2 − 2x − 3 | ⋅ e | 9 x − 12x + 4 | is
1 1
not differentiable at exactly ⇒ + = −4= k
a b X' X
[2021, 31 Aug. Shift-I] D
 1 1   4 –2 –1 1 2
(a) four points (b) three points  +  +   = −4− 1= − 5 Y
a b   k
(c) two points (d) one point
 Again, h(x) = min[f (x), g (x) ], so graph of π π 65 Let f : [0, ∞) → [0, 3] be a function
h (x) will be 64 Let f :  − ,  → R be defined as
 4 4 defined by
max {sint : 0 ≤ t ≤ x}, 0 ≤ x < π
Points of non-differentiability
 3a
 (1 + | sin x |) x | , − π < x < 0
| sin f (x) = 
2 + cos x, x> π
1/2
h(x)
 4 
f (x) =  b, x =0 Then which of the following is
–2 –3/2 –1 –1/2 1/2 1 3/2 2  cot 4x
π true? [2021, 27 July Shift-II]
 e cot 2x , 0< x <
From graph, it is clear thath(x) is  4 (a) f is continuous everywhere but not
differentiable exactly at one point in
continuous in [− 2, 2] but not If f is continuous at x = 0, then the (0, ∞)
−3 −1 1 3
differentiable at x = , − 1, , 0, , 1, value of 6a + b 2 is equal to (b) f is differentiable everywhere in (0, ∞)
2 2 2 2 [2021, 27 July Shift I] (c) f is not continuous exactly at two
in (− 2, 2). (a) 1 − e (b) e − 1 points in (0, ∞)
(c) 1 + e (d) e (d) f is continuous everywhere but not
63 Let f : [0, 3] → R be defined by differentiable exactly at two points
Ans. (c) in (0, ∞)
f (x) = min{x − [x], 1 + [x] − x] π π
f :  − ,  → R Ans. (b)
where [x] is the greatest integer  4 4
Graph of max (sint :0 ≤ t ≤ x) in x ∈[0, π]
less than or equal to x. Let P  3a

denote the set containing all (1 + | sin x |) |sin x | , − π < x < 0
 4
x ∈(0, 3), where f is discontinuous f (x) =  b x =0 1
and Q denote the set containing all  cot 4 x
 π
x ∈(0, 3), where f is not e cot2 x , 0< x<
 4 π/2 π
differentiable.
Given f (x) is continuous at x = 0 and graph of 2 + cosx for x ∈ [ π, ∞]
Then the sum of number of LHL at x = 0
elements in P and Q is equal to Put x = 0 − h 3
………… . [2021, 27 July Shift-I] 3a

Ans. (5) we get lim (1 − sin h) sin h

h→ 0 1
f (x) = min {x − [x], 1 + [x] − x} lim (1 − sin h − 1) 3a
f (x) = min ({ x }, 1 − { x }) e h→ 0 ⋅ = e 3a π 2π 3π
3a − sinh
So, graph of
lim (1 + | sin x |) | sin x |
x → 0− max [sint :0 ≤ t ≤ x], 0 ≤ x ≤ π
lim 3a f (x) = 
1 f(x)=x–[x] = e x → 0 | sin x | |sin x | = e 3a  2 + cos x , x> π
RHL at x = 0 Y
f(x)=[x]–x+1 cot 4 x
1 2 3 lim e cot2 x
x→ 0+

So, the graph off (x) will be Put x = 0 + h

cot4h
we get lim cot2 h X
h→ 0 e π/2 π 2π
1/2 cos4h sin2h
lim × So, f (x) is differentiable everywhere in
h→ 0 e cos2h sin4h (0, ∞).
sin2 h
×2h
0 1/2 1 3/2 2 5/2 3 cos 4 h
× 2h
cos2 h sin 4 h × 4 h 66 Let f : (a, b) → R be twice
lim e 4h = e 1/ 2 differentiable function such that
f is continuous everywhere for0 ≤ x ≤ 3. h→ 0
x
1 3 5 As, f (x) is continuous at x = 0. f (x) = ∫ g (t) dt for a differentiable
But f is non-differentiable at x = , , a
2 2 2 So, LHL = f(0) = RHL
function g (x). If f (x) = 0 has exactly
and x = 1, 2 1
e 3a = b = e 2 five distinct roots in (a, b), then
So, if set A denotes the points of
discontinuity, then n(A) = 0. 1 g (x) g ′ (x) = 0 has at least
∴ a = ,b = e
And if set B denotes the points of 6 (a) twelve roots in (a, b )
(b) five roots in (a, b )
6a + b2 = 6   + ( e )2
non-differentiable, then 1
∴
n(B) = 5  6 (c) seven roots in (a, b )
∴ n(A) + n(B) = 0 + 5 = 5 = 1+ e (d) three roots in (a, b )
[2021, 27 July Shift-II]
 Ans. (c) 68 Let f : [0, ∞) → [0, ∞) be defined as (c) f (x) is continuous but not
x differentiable at x = 2
We have, f (x) = ∫ g (t) dt x
f (x) = ∫ [y] dy
a
0
(d) f (x) is not differentiable at x = 1
So, f ′ (x) = g (x) and f ′′(x) = g ′ (x) Ans. (c)
where, [x] is the greatest integer
Qf (x) = h (x ) F (t) ⋅dt ⇒ f ′ (x)   x


∫g (x ) 

less than or equal to x. Which of f (x) = ∫0 (5 + | 1 − t | dt , x > 2
= F [h(x)] ⋅h′ (x) − F [g (x)] ⋅ g ′ (x)  the following is true ?  5x + 1 ,x ≤ 2
[2021, 25 July Shift-I] x
Now, g ′ (x) g (x) = 0 (a) f is continuous at every point in [0, ∞) ∫0 5 + |1 − t |dt
⇒ f ′′(x) f ′ (x) = 0 and differentiable except at the 1 x
= ∫ 5 + (1 − t)dt + ∫ 5 + (t − 1)dt
If f (x) has five roots, thenf ′ (x) has atleast integer points 0 1
4 roots and f ′′(x) has atleast 3 roots. (b) f is both continuous and 1 x
= ∫ (6 − t)dt + ∫1 (4 + t)dt
So, f ′′(x) ⋅f ′ (x) = 0 has atleast 7 roots. differentiable except at the integer 0
points in [0, ∞) 
1 x
Hence, the minimum number of roots of t2   t2  x2
(c) f is continuous everywhere except at = 6t −  + 4t +  = 1 + 4x +
the equation g ′ (x) g (x) = 0 is 7. 2 0  2 1 2
the integer points in [0, ∞) 
(d) f is differentiable at every point in  x2
67 Let f : R → R be defined as [0, ∞) 1 + 4x + , x > 2
⇒ f (x) =  2
 λ | x 2 − 5 x + 6| Ans. (a)  5x + 1, x ≤ 2
 , x<2
f : [0, ∞) → [0, ∞)
 µ (5x − x − 6)
2 At x = 2
x
 tan( x − 2) f (x) = ∫ [y] dy LHL = lim (5x + 1) = 11
 x → 2−
f (x) =  e x − [x] , x>2 2
RHL = lim  1 + 4x +  = 1 + 8 + 2 = 11
0 x
 µ , x =2 Let x = I + f, 0 < f < 1 x→2 +  2
 1 2 3 I

 f (x) = ∫ [y]dy + ∫ [y]dy + ∫ [y]dy + .... ∫ [y]dy ∴ f(2) = 11

 0 1 2 I−1 So, f (x) is continuous at x = 2.
 I+f
4 + x, x > 2
f ′(x) = 
where, [x] is the greatest integer + ∫ [y]dy  5, x ≤ 2 

I
less than or equal to x. If f is d
f (x) = 0 + 1 + 2 + K (I − 1) + I ⋅f Now, LHD at x = 2 is (5x + 1)|x = 2 = 5
continuous at x = 2, then λ + µ is (I − 1) (I − 1 + 1) dx
equal to [2021, 25 July Shift-I] = + I.f
2 RHD at x = 2 is 4 + 2 = 6
(a) e (− e + 1) (b) e (e − 2) I (I −1) Here, LHD ≠ RHD
(c) 1 (d) 2 e − 1 = + I ⋅f
2 So, function is not differentiable at x = 2.
Ans. (a) [x]([x] − 1)
f (x) = + [x]{ x }
 λ | x2 − 5x + 6| 2 70 Consider the function
 , x<2 [x]([x] − 1)  P (x)
 µ (5x − x − 6)
2
f (x) = + [x](x − [x])  , x ≠2
 tan(x − 2 ) 2 f (x) =  sin(x − 2)
 I (I −1)
We have f (x) =  e x − [x] , x>2 f (I) =  7 , x =2
 µ , x =2
2
 I (I − 1) where, P (x) is a polynomial such
lim f (x) = lim + I (I + h − I)


x→ I − h →0 2 that P ′ ′ (x) is always a constant and
I (I − 1) P (3) = 9. If f (x) is continuous at x = 2,
f (x) is continuous at x = 2. =
2 then P (5) is equal to …… .
∴lim f (x) = lim f (x) = f (2) I (I − 1) (I − 2)
x →2 − x →2 + lim f (x) = lim + (I −1) (I + h − I + 1) [2021, 25 July Shift-II]
λ | (x − 3)(x − 2)| x→ I −
∴ lim f (x) = lim h →0 2
Ans. (39)
x →2 −
x →2 µ − (x − 3)(x − 2)
− (I − 1)(I − 2)
= + (I − 1)
λ (x − 3)(x − 2) λ  P (x) , x ≠ 2
= lim =− 2
(I − 1)I 
= f (x) =  sin(x − 2)
x →2 − µ − (x − 3)(x − 2) µ
2  7, x =2
tan(x − 2 )
x −2 ∴f (x) is continuous and differentiable Given, that P ′ ′ (x) is always a constant.
lim f (x) = lim e =e
x →2 + x →2 + except at integer points.
⇒P (x) is a 2 degree polynomial.
f(2) = µ
x f (x) is continuous at x = 2
As, f (x) is continuous.
69 If f (x) =  ∫
 (5 + |1 − t|)dt, x > 2 lim
P (x)
=7
So, LHL = f(2) = RHL , then
0 x → 2 + sin(x − 2)
λ 
− =µ = e  5x + 1, x≤2 (x − 2) (ax + b)
µ ⇒ lim =7
λ = − e2
[2021, 25 July Shift-II] x→2 + sin(x − 2)
µ=e (a) f (x) is not continuous at x = 2 [Qlet P (x) = (x − 2) (ax + b)]
λ + µ = e ( − e + 1) (b) f (x) is everywhere differentiable ⇒ 2a + b = 7 ...(i)
 Now, P (x) = (x − 2) (ax + b) Ans. (4) ∴ 2−b =a − 1 ⇒ b =2+ 1=3
P(3) = 9 (given) 3  1 − | x |  if | x |≤ 2 ∴ a + b =3

⇒ 3a + b = 9 ...(ii) f (x) =   2 
 0 if | x |> 2 74 Let a function g :[0, 4] → R be
Subtracting Eq. (ii) from Eq. (i),
a =2 g (x) = f (x + 2) − f (x − 2) defined as
From Eq. (i), b = 3  0 , x < −2  max (t3 − 6 t2 + 9 t − 3), 0 ≤ x ≤ 3
3 (1 + x) , −2 ≤ x < 0 g (x ) = 0≤ t ≤ x
Hence, P (x) = (x − 2) (2x + 3) 4 −x , 3 < x ≤4
 
So, P(5) = (5 − 2) (2 × 5 + 3) = 3 × 13 = 39 f (x) = 2
3
 (1 − x) , 0 ≤ x < 2 then the number of points in the
71 Let f :R → R be defined as 2 interval (0, 4) where g (x) is not
 0 , x>2
differentiable, is … .
 x3  1 + 2xe −2x   0 , x < −4
e  [2021, 20 July Shift-II]
 log  (1 − xe − x ) 2  , x ≠0  3 (3 + x) , −4 ≤ x < −2
f (x) =  (1 − cos2x) 2   Ans. (1)
 2
 α , x = 0f (x + 2) = 3 Let f (x) = x 3 − 6x2 + 9x − 3
  (−1 − x) , −2 ≤ x < 0
If f is continuous at x = 0, then α is 2 f ′ (x) = 3x2 − 12x + 9
 0 , x>4 f ′ (x) = 0 gives
equal to [2021, 22 July Shift-II]
<0 3x2 − 12x + 9 = 0
(a) 1 (b) 3 (c) 0 (d) 2  0 , x
 3 (x −1) , 0 ≤ x < 2 ⇒ 3(x − 1) (x − 3) = 0
Ans. (a)  ∴ x = 1 or x = 3
f (x − 2) =  2
 x3  1 + 2xe −2 x  3 Now, f(1) = 1 and f(3) = − 3
 log e  , x ≠0  (−1 − x), 2 ≤ x < 4
f (x) =  (1 − cos2x) −x 2  2
+ – +
 (1 − xe ) 
2

 α , x =0  0 , x>4 1 3

For continuity, g (x) = f (x + 2) + f (x − 2)  f (x), 0 ≤ x ≤ 1


x3 3x + 6, −4 ≤ x ≤ 2 g (x) =  1, 1≤ x ≤ 3
lim [log e (1 + 2xe −2 x ) 2 4 − x, 3 < x ≤ 4
x → 0 4 sin4 x 
 3x
− log e (1 − xe − x )2 ] = α (by expansion) …(i) −
= 2
, −2 < x < 2 g (x) is continuous.
(2xe −2 x )2  3x 3(x − 1) (x − 3), 0 ≤ x ≤ 1
Q log(1 + 2xe −2 x ) = 2xe −2 x − +K
2  − 6, 2 ≤ x ≤ 4 
g ′ (x) =  0, 1≤ x < 3
 2
(xe − x )2  0 , | x |> 4  − < x≤4
and log (1 − xe − x ) = − xe − x − −K  1, 3
2 So, n = 0 and m = 4 g (x) is non-differentiable at x = 3.
On putting the values in Eq. (i), we get ∴ m+ n=4 So, the number of points in (0, 4) where
1 x  x3 
lim  ⋅   4  [2xe −2 x − 2(− xe − x )] g (x) is not differentiable is 1.
x → 0  4 x   sin x  73 Let a function f : R → R be defined
−x 2 −x
 1 ; | x| ≥ 1
[Q log (1 − xe ) = 2 log (1 − xe )] as 
4 75 If f (x) =  | x |
1  x 
= lim    −2 x
+ 2xe − x )  sin x − e x , if x≤0 ax 2 + b ; | x | < 1
 (2xe 
x → 0  4x   sin x  
f (x) =  a + [− x], if 0 < x < 1
1  x 
4
 2x − b, is differentiable at every point of
= lim   ⋅   ⋅ 2x ⋅ (e
−2 x
+ e −x )  if x≥1 the domain, then the values of a
x → 0  4x   sin x 

where, [x] is the greatest integer and b are respectively

=   ⋅ (1) ⋅ (2) ⋅ (2) ⇒ α = 1
1
[2021, 18 March shift-I]
 4 less than or equal to x. If f is
1 1 1 3 5 3 1 3
continuous on R, then (a + b) is (a) , (b) , − (c) , − (d) − ,
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
72 Let f : R → R be a function defined equal to [2021, 20 July Shift-I]
Ans. (d)
as (a) 4 (b) 3 (c) 2 (d) 5
  | x|   1 , |x |≥ 1
3 1 − , if | x| ≤ 2
f (x) =   2 
Ans. (b) 
Given, f (x) =  | x |
sin x − e x ,x< 0 ax2 + b , | x | < 1
 0 , if | x| > 2  
f (x) =  a + [− x] ,0 < x < 1
 1 ,
Let g :R → R be given by  2x − b ,x ≥ 1  x ≤ − 1 or x ≥ 1
 ⇒ f (x) =  | x |
g (x) = f (x + 2) − f (x − 2), ax2 + b ,
f (x) is continuous.  −1 < x < 1
If n and m denote the number of
So, lim f (0 − ) = 0 − e 0 = − 1  −1 ,
points in R, x≤ − 1
lim f (0 + ) = a − 1  x
where g is not continuous and not 
⇒ a − 1 = − 1⇒ a = 0 ⇒ f (x) = ax2 + b, −1 < x < 1
differentiable respectively, then  1
lim f (1− ) = lim a + [− 1 − h] = a − 1  x, x≥ 1
n + m is equal to ……… . h→ 0

[2021, 22 July Shift-II] lim f (1+ ) = 2 (1 + h) − b = 2 − b
 Given, f (x) is differentiable at every point  sin(a + 1) x sin2x  f (x + y) = f (x) + f (y)
⇒ lim f (x) = lim  + 
of domain. x → 0− x → 0−  2x 2x  Put x = y =0
 1, x< − 1  sin(a + 1) x  a + 1  sin2x  ∴ f (0) = f (0) ⋅ f (0)
 x2 = lim  × + 
 x → 0 −  (a + 1) x  2  2x  ⇒ [f (0)]2 = f (0)
∴ f ′ (x) = 2ax , −1 < x < 1
 −1 a+1 ⇒ [f (0)]2 − f (0) = 0
x> 1 = +1 … (iii)
 x2 , ⇒ f (0) [f (0) − 1] = 0
 2
Qf (x) is differentiatble at x = 1  x + bx 3 − x  ⇒ f(0) = 0, f(0) = 1
Again, lim f (x) = lim   Rejected becausef (x) ≠ 0, ∀ x ∈ R
∴ (LHD at x = 1) = (RHD at x = 1) x→ 0+ x→ 0+  bx 5 / 2 
  ∴ f(0) = 1
⇒ f ′ (1 −) = f ′(1 + )
1 Using L-Hospital Rule,
⇒ 2a = − 1 ⇒ a = − f ′ (h) − 0
2 ( x + bx 3 − x ) ( x + bx 3 + x) L = lim
= lim
x→ 0+ h→ 0 1
As, we know that, a function is bx 5 /2
( x + bx +3
x)
differentiable at x = a, if it is continuous = f ′ (0) = 3
(x + bx 3 − x)
at x = a. = lim
x→ 0+ bx 5 / 2 ( x + bx 3 + x)
Hence,f (x) is also continuous at x = 1. 78 If the function
i.e., (LHL at x = 1) = (RHL at x = 1) =f(1) cos(sin x) − cos x
= lim
x f (x) = is
⇒ a+b=1 x→ 0+ x ( 1 + bx2 + 1) x4
 1 continuous at each point in its
⇒ −  + b = 1 ⇒ lim f (x) =
1
…(iv)
 2 1
x→ 0 + 2 domain and f (0) = ,then k is ……… .
⇒ b=
3 k
From Eq. (i), (ii), (iii) and (iv)
2 [2021, 17 March Shift-I]
1 a+1
1 3 =b = +1 Ans. (6)
Hence, a = − , b = 2 2
2 2 cos(sin x) − cos x
1
⇒ b = ,a = − 2 f (x) =
Note You can also (or apply) continuity 2 x4
and differentiability at x = − 1. −3
∴ a+b= As, f (x) is continuous everywhere, so
2 f (0) = lim f (x)
76 Let f : R → R be a function defined x→ 0 cos(sin x) − cos x
as 77 Let f : R → R satisfy the equation = lim
x→ 0 x4
 f (x + y) = f (x) ⋅ f (y) for all x, y ∈R and
 sin(a + 1) x + sin2x , if x < 0
On expanding the numerator and only
 f (x) ≠ 0 for any x ∈R. If the function f identifying the coefficient of x 4 will give
 2x is differentiable at x = 0 and f ′ (0) = 3, us the required limit.
f (x) =  b , if x < 0 
1 sin2 x sin4 x 
 x + bx 3 − x then lim (f (h) − 1) is equal cos(sin x) =  1 − + 
 h→ 0 h  2 24 
, if x > 0
 bx 5/ 2 to………… . [2021, 18 March Shift-II] 2
1 x3  1
= 1−  x −  + (x) 4
If f is continuous at x = 0, then the Ans. (3) 2 6 24
value of a + b is equal to Method 1
Given, f (x + y) = f (x) ⋅ f (y) ∀ x, y ∈ R 1  2 x4  x4
[2021, 18 March Shift-II] = 1−  x −  +
5 2  3  24
(a) − (b) −2 ∴ f (x) = a x
2
⇒ f ′ (x) = a x ⋅l og (a) x2 x 4 x 4
(c) −3 (d) −
3 = 1− + +
2 Now, f ′ (0) = l og (a) 2 6 24

Ans. (d) ⇒ 3 = l og (a) x2 x 4

cosx = 1 − +
 sin(a + 1) x + sin2x ⇒ a =e 3
2 24
 , x<0
2x ∴ f (x) = (e 3) x = e 3x cos(sin x) − cos x
 ∴
Given, f (x) =  b, x =0 ∴ f (h) = e 3h x4
  f (h) − 1   e 3h − 1   x2 x 4 x 4   x2 x 4 
 x + bx − x ,
3
x>0 Now, lim   = lim    1 − + +  −  1 − + 
 h → 0 h  h → 0  h   2 6 24   2 24 
bx 5 / 2 =
Q f (x) is continuous at x = 0.  e 3h − 1  x4
= lim  × 3 1
∴ lim f (x) = lim f (x) = f (0) …(i) h → 0 3h  =
x→ 0− x→ 0 + 6
Q f (0) = b …(ii) =3× 1=3
1 1
Now, Method (2) ∴ f (0) =
=
 sin(a + 1) x + sin2x  6 k
lim f (x) = lim  (f (h) − 1)  form
 1 0
Let L = lim
x → 0− x → 0−  2x  h→ 0 h 0  Hence, k = 6.
79 Consider the function f : R → R  x 3, x < 1 f (1 + h) − f (1)
RHD = lim
and g (x) =  h→ 0 h
defined by 3x − 2, x ≥ 1 [3(1 + h) − 2]2 − 1
 1   = lim
 2 − sin   | x |, x ≠ 0
f (x) =   Then, the number of points in R, h→ 0 h
 x .
 where (fog)(x) is not differentiable = lim 2 [3(1 + h) − 2] ⋅3 = 6
0 , x = 0 h→ 0
is equal to [2021, 16 March Shift-I] ∴fog (x) is continuous and differentiable
Then, f is [2021, 17 March Shift-II] (a) 3 (b) 1 at x = 1.
(a) monotonic on (−∞, 0) ∪ (0, ∞) (c) 0 (d) 2 ∴fog (x) is discontinuous and
(b) not monotonic on (−∞, 0) and (0, ∞) Ans. (b) non-differentiable at x = 0.
(c) monotonic on (0, ∞) only So, number of points of
x + 2, x < 0
(d) monotonic on (− ∞, 0) only f (x) =  2 non-differentiability of fog (x) is 1.
 x , x≥0
Ans. (b)
 x 3, x< 1 81 Let f : R → R and g : R → R be
Method (I) g (x) = 
 3 x − 2, x≥ 1
 1 defined as
 2 − sin    | x |, x ≠ 0
Given, f (x) =   x  g ( x) + 2, g (x) < 0  x + a, x < 0
f [g (x)] =  2 f (x) = 
 x =0 and
0,  g (x), g (x) ≥ 0
| x − 1|, x ≥ 0

− [2 − sin(1 / x)] x , x < 0 Y –2
3x
 )=  x + 1, x<0
⇒f (x) =  0 , x =0 (x
 
g g (x) = 
1
 (x − 1) + b, x ≥ 0
2

 2 − sin   x , x > 0
  x  X′ X
O
x=1 where a, b are non-negative real
⇒f ′ (x)
)= 3

numbers. If (gof) (x) is continuous

x

  1  1  1 
 −  2 − sin x  − x  − cos x  − x 2  , x < 0 for all x ∈R, then a + b is equal
g(x

=  
to……… . [2021, 16 March Shift-II]
  2 − sin 1  + x  − cos 1  − 1  , x > 0
Y′
  x  x  x 2   Ans. (1)
When g (x) < 0 ⇒g (x) = x 3, x < 0
 x3 , 0 ≤ x < 1  x + a, x < 0
f (x) = 
− 2 + sin 1 − 1 cos 1 , x < 0 When g (x) ≥ 0 ⇒g (x) =   | x − 1 |, x ≥ 0
 3x − 2, x ≥ 1
⇒f ′ (x) =  x x x  x + 1, x<0
1 1 1  x 3 + 2, x<0 g (x) = 
 2 − sin + cos , x>0 (x − 1) + b, x ≥ 0
2
 x x x 
f [g (x)] =  x , 6
0≤ x< 1
Here, f ′ (x) is an oscillating function which (3x − 2)2 ,  f (x) + 1, f (x) < 0
x≥ 1 g [f (x)] = 
is non-monotonic in (− ∞, 0 ) ∪ (0, ∞ ).   [f ( x) − 1]2
+ b, f (x) ≥ 0
Method (II) As, polynomial function is continuous f(x ) < 0
−  2 − sin 1  x , x < 0 everywhere in its domain. So,f [g (x)] will Case I x + a < 0 and x < 0 ⇒x < − a
  x
 be continuous everywhere at x < 0,
Case II | x − 1 | < 0 and x ≥ 0 ⇒Not possible
 0 < x < 1 and x > 1. We will check the
Q f (x) =  0 , x =0
behaviour of fog (x) only at boundary f (x) ≥ 0
 1
  2 − sin x  x , x > 0 points which is x = 0 and x = 1. Case I x + a ≥ 0 and x < 0 ⇒x ∈ [− a, 0)

At x = 0, lim (x 3 + 2) = 2 Case II | x − 1 | ≥ 0 and x ≥ 0 ⇒x ≥ 0
From above we observe that,f (x) is x → 0− x + a + 1, x < 0 and f (x) < 0
lim x 6 = 0 
continuous and f   = f   =
1 2 2 x→ 0 +  | x − 1 | + 1,
Clearly, LHL ≠ RHL at x = 0  x ≥ 0 and f (x) < 0
 π  π π g [f (x)] = 
 (x + a − 1) + b, x < 0 and f (x) ≥ 0
2
So, fog (x) is discontinuous at x = 0.
So, f (x) is non-monotonic in (0, ∞).
At x = 1, lim x 6 = 1  ( | x − 1 | − 1) 2 + b, x ≥ 0 and f (x) ≥ 0
Further, lim (f) → ∞ x → 1−
x→ −∞ lim (3x − 2)2 = 1
and lim f (x) → ∞ x→ 1+
 x + a + 1, x< −a
x→ ∞
and f(0) = 0 
Also f(1) = 1 g [f (x)] =  (x + a − 1) + b, − a ≤ x < 0
2

fog (x) is continuous at x = 1 ( | x − 1 | − 1)2 + b, x≥0

Hence,f (x) is non-monotonic on 
(− ∞, 0) ∪ (0, ∞). Derivative test at x = 1, This is continuous function.
f (1) − f (1 − h)
LHD = lim Since, g [f (x)] is continuous for all x ∈ R
80 Let the functions f :R → R and h→ 0 h
So, g (f (x)) will be continuous at x = −a and
g :R → R be defined as = lim
1 − (1 − h) 6 x =0
 x + 2, x < 0 h→ 0 h Now, at x = −a
f (x) =  2
 x , x≥0 = lim 6(1 − h) 5 = 6
h→ 0
LHL=RHL = value of function
⇒ 1 = 1 + b = 1 + b ⇒b = 0
 At x = 0 π
= If f (x) is continuous on R, then a + b
LHL =RHL = value of function 2 equals [2021, 26 Feb. Shift-II]
⇒ (a − 1)2 + b = b π π
LHL = and RHL = (a) –3 (b) –1
⇒ (a − 1)2 = 0 4 2
(c) 3 (d) 1
⇒ a=1 Hence, LHL ≠ RHL Ans. (b)
Hence,a + b = 1 So, the function will be discontinuous for
Given,f (x) is continuous on R.
every value of α ∈R.
If f (x) is continuous, then
82 Let α ∈R be such that the function ∴No such α exist.
f is continuous at x =`1
 cos−1 (1 − {x} 2) sin−1 (1 − {x}) ⇒ lim f (x) = f (1) = lim f (x)
 , x ≠ 0 83 Let f : S → S, where S = (0, ∞) be a
f (x) =  {x} − {x} 3 x → 1− x→ 1 +

 twice differentiable function, such ⇒ |a + 1 + b | = sin π = 0

 α , x =0
that f (x + 1) = x f (x). If g : S → R be ⇒ a + b = −1 …(i)
is continuous at x = 0, where defined as g (x) = log e f (x), then the Also, f is continuous at x = − 1
{x} = x − [x],[x] is the greatest value of | g ′ ′ (5) − g ′ ′ (1)| is equal to ⇒ lim f (x) = f (−1) = lim f (x)
integer less than or equal to x. [2021, 16 March Shift-II] x → −1 − x → −1 +

Then, [2021, 16 March Shift-II] 205 197  −π 

π
(a) (b) ⇒2 sin (−1)  = |a − 1 + b |
(a) α = (b) α = 0 144 144  2 
2 187
(c) (d) 1 ⇒ 2 = |a + b − 1| …(ii)
π 144
(c) no such α exists (d) α = Eq. (ii) is satisfied.
4 Ans. (a)
∴ a + b = −1
Ans. (c) We have,f : S → S , S = (0, ∞)
Given, f (x + 1) = x ⋅f (x) 85 Let f be any function defined on R
 cos− 1 (1 − { x }2 ) sin− 1 (1 − { x }) g :S → R and let it satisfy the condition
 , x ≠0
f (x) =  {x} − {x}3 g (x) = log e f (x) | f (x) − f (y) | ≤ | (x − y)2 |, ∀ (x, y) ∈ R
 α , x =0
 To find | g ′′(5) − g ′′(1) | If f(0) = 1, then [2021, 26 Feb. Shift-I]
{ x } = x − [x] ⇒ g (x + 1) = log e f (x + 1) (a) f (x) can take any value in R
So, when x → 0 + ⇒ g (x + 1) = log[x ⋅f (x)] (b) f (x) < 0, ∀ x ∈ R
⇒ {x} = x − 0 = x ⇒ g (x + 1) = log x + log f (x) (c) f (x) = 0, ∀ x ∈ R
And, when x → 0 − (d) f (x) > 0, ∀ x ∈ R
⇒ g (x + 1) = log x + g (x)
⇒ {x} = x + 1
⇒ g (x + 1) − g (x) = log x Ans. (d)
LHL = lim f (x)
x→ 0 − ⇒ g ′ (x + 1) − g ′ (x) = 1 / x Given, | f (x) − f (y) | ≤ | x − y |2
−1 | f (x) − f (y)|
cos− 1 [1 − (1 + x)2 ] sin− 1 [1 − (1 + x)] ⇒ g ′′(x + 1) − g ′′(x) = 2 ⇒ ≤ |x − y |
= lim x |x −y |
x→ 0 (1 + x) − (1 + x) 3 x = 1, g ′′ (2) − g ′′ (1) = − 1 … (i) Now, taking the limit,
cos− 1 (− x2 − 2x) sin− 1 (− x) x = 2, g ′′ (3) − g ′′ (2) = − 1 /4 … (ii) f (x) − f (y)
= lim lim ≤ lim | x − y |
x → 0 (1 + x) (1 + 1 + x) (1 − 1 − x) x = 3, g ′′ (4) − g ′′ (3) = − 1 /9 … (iii) x→ y x−y x→ y
cos− 1 (− x2 − 2x) x = 4, g ′′ (5) − g ′′ (4) = − 1 / 16 … (iv)
= lim ⇒| f ′ (y) | ≤ 0 [using the definition off ′ (y)]
x → 0 (1 + x) (x + 2) Adding Eqs. (i), (ii), (iii) and (iv),
⇒f ′ (y) = 0 [since, modulus value can
cos− 1 (0) π 1 1 1
= = g ′′ (5) − g ′′ (1) = − 1 − − − never be less than 0]
12
. 4 4 9 16 On integrating it, we get
 144 + 36 + 16 + 9 
RHL = lim f (x) =−  f (y) = c (constant)
x→ 0 +  144 
cos− 1 (1 − x2 ) sin− 1 (1 − x) Given,f(0) = 1 gives c = 1
= lim − 205 ∴ f (y) = 1 ∀ y ∈ R
x→ 0 x (1 − x) (1 + x) =
144 From given options,f (x) > 0 ∀ x ∈ R is
π cos− 1 (1 − x2 ) 205
= lim So, | g ′′ (5) − g ′′ (1) | = satisfied only.
2 x→ 0 x 144 Hence, answer will be option (d).
Applying L-Hospital Rule,
π
= lim
(− 1) (− 2x) 84 Let f : R → R be defined as 86 Let f (x) be a differentiable function
2 x → 0 1 − (1 − x2 )2  πx at x = a with f ′ (a) = 2 and f (a) = 4.
2 sin  −  , if x < − 1
π x   2 xf (a) − af (x)
= ⋅2 lim
2 x → 0 2x2 − x 4  Then, lim equals
f (x) = | ax 2 + x + b |, if − 1 ≤ x ≤ 1 x→ a x −a
= π lim
1  sin (πx), [2021, 26 Feb. Shift-II]
x→ 0
2 − x2  if x > 1 (a) 2a + 4 (b) 4 − 2a

(c) 2a − 4 (d) a + 4
 Ans. (b)  x2 + 2x + 3 ; x< −2  2n − 1 
= (n − 2) cos  π =0
xf (a) − af (x)  2 −1  2 
lim  − x − 6x − 5 ; − 2 < x <
 2x − 1 
x −a RHL = lim [x − 1] cos
x→ a ∴ f (x) =  2
−1 π
xf (a) − af (x) + af (a) − af (a)  − x2 − 2x − 3 ; < x< 1 x→ n+  2 
= lim  2
x→ a x −`a  x2 − 7  2n − 1 
; x> 1 = (n − 2) cos  π =0
(x −`a)f (a) − a [f (x) − f (a)]  2 
= lim  2x + 2 ; x< −2
x→ a x −`a  −1 and f (n) = 0.
 − 2x − 6 ; − 2 < x<
(x − a)f (a) f (x) − f (a) 2 Here, lim f (x) = lim f (x) = f (n)
= lim − a lim Now, f ′ (x) =  x→ n − x→ n +
x→ a x −`a x→ a x −`a −1
− 2x − 2 ; < x< 1
= f (a) − af ′ (a)  2 ∴It is continuous at every integers.
 2x ; x> 1
= 4 − a(2) [Given, f (a) = 4, f ′(a) = 2] Therefore, the given function is
Now, f ′ (x) at 1, − 2 and − 1 /2. continuous for all real x.
= 4 − 2a
For x = 1,
f ′ (x) = 2x = 2 × 1 = 2 90 If a function f (x) defined by
87 A function f is defined on [–3, 3] as
and − 2x − 2 = − (2 × 1) − 2 = − 4 ae x + be − x , −1 ≤ x < 1
min {| x |, 2 − x 2 }, − 2 ≤ x ≤ 2 
f (x) =  both are not equal. f (x) = cx 2 , 1≤ x ≤ 3
 [| x |] , 2< | x| ≤ 3 ∴Non-differentiable at x = 1 ax 2 + 2cx
 , 3< x ≤ 4
Similarly, for x = − 2,
where, [x] denotes the greatest f ′ (x) = 2x + 2 = 2 × (− 2) + 2 = − 2 be continuous for some a,b,c ∈R
integer ≤ x . The number of points, and − 2x − 6 = − 2 × (− 2) − 6 = − 2 both are and f ′ (0) + f ′ (2) = e, then the value of
where f is not differentiable in equal. a is [2020, 2 Sep. Shift-I]
(–3, 3) is ………. . ∴Differentiable at x = − 2 e e
and for x = − 1 /2, f ′ (x) = − 2x − 6 (a) (b)
[2021, 25 Feb. Shift-II] e2 + 3e + 13 e2 − 3e − 13
 − 1
Ans. (5) = − 2 ×   − 6 = − 5 and 1 e
 2  (c) 2 (d) 2
For this particular problem, try to draw  − 1 e − 3e + 13 e − 3e + 13
− 2x − 2 = − 2 ×   − 2 = − 1 both are
graph in the region (−3,3), it will be as  2  Ans. (d)
follows, not equal. Given function
∴Non-differentiable at x = − 1 /2 ae x + be − x , − 1 ≤ x < 1
2
∴The number of points at whichf (x) is 
f (x) =  cx2 , 1≤ x ≤ 3
non-differentiable is 2.  ax2 + 2cx, 3< x ≤ 4
1 
–√2 √2 89 If f : R → R is a function defined by Since, given function is continuous for
some a,b, c ∈R, So
–3 –2 –1 1 2 3  2x − 1
f (x) = [x − 1]cos  π, where [⋅] lim f (x) = lim f (x)
 2  x → 1− x→ 1+
−1
denotes the greatest integer ⇒ ae + be =c … (i)
Thus, points of discontinuity will be at function, then f is and lim f (x) = lim f (x)
−2, 2 because the curve breaks at these [2021, 24 Feb. Shift-I] x → 3− x → 3+

points and at −1, 0, 1 because curve has (a) discontinuous only at x = 1 ⇒ c (3)2 = 9a + 6c
sharp points. (b) discontinuous at all integral values of ⇒ 3c = 9a ⇒c = 3a … (ii)
∴Point of discontinuity are −2, − 1, 0, 1, 2 x except at x = 1 Now, f ′ (0) + f ′ (2) = a − b + 4c = e [given]
i.e. 5 points. (c) continuous only at x = 1 … (iii)
(d) continuous for every real x From Eqs. (i), (ii) and (iii), we get
88 The number of points at which the Ans. (d) a − (3a − ae) e + 12a = e
function  2x − 1  ⇒ (13 − 3e + e2 )a = e
Given, f (x) = [x − 1] cos   π where
f (x) = |2x + 1| − 3 | x + 2| + | x 2 + x − 2|,  2  ⇒ a= 2
e
x ∈R is not differentiable, is ………. . ⋅ is greatest integer function and
[] e − 3e + 13
[2021, 25 Feb. Shift-I] f :R → R 91 Suppose a differentiable function
Ans. (2) QIt is a greatest integer function then we f (x) satisfies the identity
need to check its continuity at x ∈I
Given, f (x + y) = f (x) + f (y) + xy 2 + x 2 y, for
except these it is continuous.
f (x) = | 2x + 1 | − 3 | x + 2 | + | x2 + x − 2 | f (x)
Let x = n where n ∈I all real x and y. If lim = 1, then
= | 2x + 1 | − 3 | x + 2 | + | x + 2 | × | x − 1 | x→ 0 x
 2x − 1 
−1 Then, LHL = lim [x − 1] cos π f (3) is equal to ……… .
Here, critical points are x = , − 2, 1 x → n−  2 
2 [2020, 4 Sep. Shift-I]
 Ans. (10) Ans. (d) Ans. (8.00)
 π + tan–1 x, | x | ≤ 1 |
The given function, f (x) = x ⋅  , for
Given functional identity  x
Given function, f (x) =  4  2 
f (x + y) = f (x) + f (y) + xy2 + x2 y 1
| x |> 1 |
 (| x |–1),
Differentiate w.r.t. x, we get  2 −10 < x < 10 may be discontinuous at the
x
f ′ (x + y) = f ′ (x) + y2 + 2xy π x ∈ [–1, 1]
points, where is an integer. So,
 4 + tan x,
–1
2
[taking y as a constant]
 1 possible points of discontinuity are
Now, put y = − x, then ⇒ f (x) =  (x – 1), x > 1 at x = 1 x = 0, ±2, ± 4, ± 6, ± 8
f ′ (0) = f ′ (x) + x2 − 2x2 = f ′ (x) − x2 …(i)  2
 1 (–x – 1), x < –1 But at x =0
f (x)  2
As, lim = 1 ⇒f(0) = 0 and f′ (0) = 1 …(ii) lim f (x) = 0 and lim f (x) = 0
x→ 0 x
π x→ 0 + x→ 0−
From Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get Q f(1) = , f(1+ ) = 0
2 ∴ x = 0 is the point of continuity.
f ′ (x) = 1 + x2 So, the given functionf (x) is
⇒f is discontinuous at x = 1 , so it is
∴ f′ (3) = 1 + 9 = 10 discontinuous at
non-differentiable at x = 1
Hence, answer is 10.00.
Now, at x = –1 x = ± 2, ± 4, ± 6, ± 8
π π Therefore, the number of points of
92 Let f be a twice differentiable f(–1) = – = 0 discontinuity of f is equal to eight.
4 4
function on (1, 6). If f(–1+ ) = 0 and f(–1– ) = 0
f (2) = 8, f ′ (2) = 5, f ′ (x) ≥ 1 and ⇒ f is continuous at x = –1
96 If the function
f ′′ (x) ≥ 4, for all x ∈(1, 6), then 1 1
 k (x − π) 2 − 1, x ≤ π
Q f' (–1+ ) = and f' (–1– ) = – f (x) =  1 is twice
[2020, 4 Sep. Shift-I]
2 2  k 2 cos x, x> π
(a) f (5) + f ' (5) ≥ 28 (b) f(5) ≤ 10
∴ f is non-differentiable at x = −1 differentiable, then the ordered pair
(c) f (5) + f ' (5) ≤ 26 (d) f ' (5) + f ′′(5) ≤ 20
∴ f is continuous on R –{ 1} and (k 1 , k 2 ) is equal to
Ans. (a) differentiable on R –{–1, 1}. [2020, 5 Sep. Shift-I]
For twice differentiable function on (1, 6), it 1 
is given that 94 Let f : (0, ∞) → (0, ∞) be a (a) (1, 1) (b)  , 1
2 
f ′′(x) ≥ 4 differentiable function such that 1 
x x
t 2f 2 (x) − x 2f 2 (t) (c) (1, 0) (d)  , − 1
⇒ ∫ f ′′(x) dx ≥ ∫ 4dx 2 
f (1) = e and lim = 0.
2 2 t→ x t−x Ans. (b)
⇒ f ′ (x) − f ′ (2) ≥ 4(x − 2) If f (x) = 1, then x is equal to The given function,
⇒ f ′ (x) ≥ 4x − 3 …(i) [2020, 4 Sep. Shift-II] k (x − π)2 − 1, x ≤ π
[Q f′ (2) = 5] and f ′ (x) ≥ 1 [given] 1 1 f (x) =  1
x x (a) 2e (b) (c) e (d)
 k2 cos x, x> π
e 2e
⇒ ∫ f ′ (x)dx ≥ ∫ dx ⇒f (x) − f (2) ≥ (x − 2) Ans. (b) Is twice differentiable, sof (x) must be
2 2
Lim t
2 2
f (x) – x2f2 (t) continuous at x = π, so lim f (x) = f ( π)
⇒ f (x) ≥ x + 6 …(ii) [Qf(2) = 8] Since, t→ x =0 x→ π +
t –x
Qx ∈(1, 6), so according to given option ⇒ − k2 = − 1 ⇒k2 = 1 …(i)
put x = 5, in inequalities (i) and (ii), we get On applying L' Hospital Rule, we get
2k (x − π), x < π
Lim 2tf (x) − x 2f (t)f ′ (t)
2 2 Now, f ′ (x) =  1
∴ f′ (5) ≥ 17 and f(5) ≥ 11 t→ x =0  − k2 sin x, x > π
⇒ f (5) + f ′ (5) ≥ 28 1
 2k1, x< π
Hence, option (a) is correct. ⇒ 2xf2 (x) − 2x2f (x)f ′ (x) = 0 and f ′ ′ (x) = 
Since, x and f (x) ∈ (0, ∞), so −
 2 k cos x, x >π

93 The function d (f (x)) dx ∴ lim f ′ ′ (x) = lim f ′ ′ (x) ⇒ k2 = 2k1

f (x) = xf ′ (x) ⇒ ∫ =∫
 π + tan −1 x | x| ≤ 1 f (x) x x→ π + x→ π −
k2
 ⇒ log e f (x) = log e (Cx) ⇒ k1 = =
1
f (x) =  4 is 2 2
[from Eq. (i)]
1 ⇒ f (x) = Cx.
 (| x | − 1), | x| > 1 1 
∴The ordered pair (k1, k2 ) =  , 1
 2 Q f (1) = e ⇒ C = e; ∴ f (x) = ex 2 
1
(a) both continuous and differentiable on Now, as f (x) = 1 ⇒ ex = 1 ⇒ x = .
R − { 1} e 97 Which of the following points lies
95 Let f (x) = x  , for −10 < x < 10,
x
on the tangent to the curve
(b) both continuous and differentiable on 2 x 4 e y + 2 y + 1 = 3 at the point (1, 0)?
R − { −1}
where [t] denotes the greatest [2020, 5 Sep. Shift-II]
(c) continuous on R − { −1} and
differentiable on R − { −1, 1} integer function. Then, the (a) (2, 2) (b) (2, 6) (c) (2 6) (d) (–2, 4)
number of points of discontinuity Ans. (c)
(d) continuous on R − { 1} and
differentiable on R − { −1, 1} of f is equal to …. Equation of the given curve is
[2020, 5 Sep. Shift-I]
[2020, 4 Sep. Shift-II] x4e y + 2 y + 1 = 3
 On differentiating w.r.t. ‘x’, we get 100 Let S be the set of points where (c) f (1) − 4f (−1) = 4.

e y (4x 3) + x 4 e y
dy
+
1 dy
=0
the function, f (x) = |2 − | x − 3||, x ∈R, (d) x = 1 is a point of maxima and x = − 1 is
dx y + 1 dx is not differentiable. Then ∑ f (f (x)) a point of minimum off.
∴At point P(1, 0), is equal to …. . x ∈S Ans. (d)
dy 1 dy  f (x) 
e (4 × 1) + 1 . e
0
+0
=0 [2020, 7 Jan. Shift-I] Given that lim  2 + 3  = 4
dx 0 + 1 dx x→ 0 x 
dy Ans. (3)
⇒ = –2 f (x)
dx P Given functionf (x) = |2 − | x − 3| | ⇒ 2 + lim 3 = 4
x→ 0 x
∴Equation of tangent at point P(10 , ) is |2 + (x − 3)|, x < 3 | x − 1 |, x < 3
= = f (x)
y = –2(x – 1) ⇒2x + y = 2 …(i) |2 − (x − 3)|. x ≥ 3 |5 − x |, x ≥ 3 ⇒ lim =2 …(i)
x→ 0 x 3
From the option point (–26 , ) contain by the 1 − x, x< 1
tangent (i). x − 1, 1≤ x < 3 and it is given thatf (x) is a polynomial of
= degree 3 and relation (i) will be true if
5 − x, 3 ≤ x < 5
98 Let f : R → R be a function defined lowest degree of polynomialf (x) is 3.
x − 5, x≥ 5
by f (x) = max {x, x 2 }. Let S denote Now, let f (x) = ax 5 + bx 4 + cx 3
the set of all points in R, where f is QFunction f (x) is not differentiable at f (x)
x = 1, 3, 5 Q lim =2 ⇒ c =2
not differentiable. x→ 0 x3
∴ S = { 1, 3, 5}
Then, [2020, 6 Sep. Shift-II] ∴ f (x) = ax 5 + bx 4 + 2x 3
Now ∑ f (f (x)) = f (f (1)) + f (f (3)) + f (f (5))
(a) {0, 1} (b) {0} x ∈S ⇒ f ′ (x) = 5ax 4 + 4bx 3 + 6x2
(c) φ {an empty set} (d) {1} = f (1 − 1) + f (5 − 3) + f (5 − 5)
Qx ± 1 are critical points off (x).
Ans. (a) = f (0) + f (2) + f (0)
= (1 − 0) + (2 − 1) + (1 − 0) ∴ f′ (1) = 0 and f′ (−1) = 0
The functionf : R → R is defined by
f (x) = max{ x, x2 } = 1 + 1 + 1= 3 ∴ 5a + 4b + 6 = 0 …(ii)
Y
5a − 4b + 6 = 0 …(iii)
101 If the function f defined on  − , 
y=x 2 1 1
 3 3 From Eqs. (ii) and (iii), we getb = 0 and
y=x 6
1 a=−
 1 + 3x  5 6
(1, 1)  log e   , when x ≠ 0 ∴ f (x) = − x 5 + 2x 3
by f (x) =  x  1 − 2x  5
 ⇒ f ′ (x) = − 6x 4 + 6x2
X k , when x = 0
O and f ′ ′ (x) = − 24x 3 + 12x
is continuous, then k is equal to … .
[2020, 7 Jan. Shift-II]
Qf′ ′ (1) = − 12 < 0 ⇒x = 1 is point of
maxima and
x2 , x<0 2x, x<0 Ans. (5)
  Qf′ ′ (−1) = 12 > 0 ⇒x = − 1 is point of
=  x, 0 ≤ x < 1 ⇒ f ′ (x) =  1, 0 ≤ x < 1 The given function ‘f’ defined on  − , 
1 1
minima.
x2 , x≥ 1 2x, x≥ 1  3 3  sin(a + 2) x + sin x
 
1  1 + 3x   ; x<0
− +
Qf′ (0 ) = 0, but f′ (0 ) = 1, so f is not  log e   , where x ≠ 0
by f (x) =  x  1 − 2x   x
differentiable at x = 0.  103 If f (x) =  b ; x =0
 k, where x = 0
Similarly, asf′ (1− ) = 1, but f′ (1+ ) = 2 ⇒f is  (x + 3x 2 ) 1/ 3 − x 1/ 3
not differentiable at x = 1. So, the is continuous, then  ; x>0
1  1 + 3x   x 4/ 3
required set S = {0, 1}. k = lim log e  
x→ 0 x  1 − 2x  is continuous at x = 0, then a + 2b is
99 For all twice differentiable functions  log (1 + 3x) log e (1 − 2x)  equal to
= lim  e − 
f : R → R, with f (0) = f (1) = f ′ (0) = 0 x→ 0 x x  (a) −2 (b) 1 (c) 0 (d) −1
[2020, 6 Sep. Shift-II]
= 3 − (−2) = 5 ⇒ k = 5 [2020, 9 Jan. Shift-I]
(a) f′′ (x) ≠ 0 at every point x ∈(0, 1) Ans. (c)
(b) f′′ (x) = 0 at every point x ∈(0, 1) 102 Let f (x) be a polynomial of degree 5 It is given that, the function
(c) f′′ (0) = 0
such that x = ± 1 are its critical  sin(a + 2) x + sin x
(d) f′′ (x) = 0 at every point x ∈(0, 1)  ; x<0
points. x
Ans. (b) 
 f (x)  f (x) =  b ; x =0
Given functionf: R → R with
If lim 2 + 3  = 4, then which one 
x→ 0  x   ( x + 3x ) − x
2 1/ 3 1/ 3
f (0) = f (1) = f ′ (0) = 0. ; x>0
of the following is not true?  x4/ 3
So, by Rolle’s theorem, for some c ∈(0, 1)
[2020, 7 Jan. Shift-II] is continuous at x = 0, then
f ′ (c) = 0.
And as f′ (0) = 0 and function ‘f’ is twice (a) f is an odd function. lim f (x) = f (0) = lim f (x)
x → 0− x→0 +
differential. (b) x = 1is a point of minima and x = − 1is a
So, again for some x ∈(0, 1). point of maxima of f. ∴ b = lim f (x)
x→0+
f ′′(x) = 0 [By Rolle’s theorem]
 (x + 3x2 ) 1/ 3 − x 1/ 3 Ans. (a) and lim f (x) = 5 ≠ f (3) [Q f(3) = 6]
= lim
x → 3−
x→0 + x4/ 3 As we know that x − 1 < [x] ≤ x,
∴ Function f (x) is discontinuous at points
(1 + 3x) 1/ 3 − 1 where [x] denote the greatest integer
= lim 0, 1 and 3.
x→0 + x ≤ x.
− 1<   ≤
1 4 4 4
1 + (3x) So,
x  x  x 107 Let f : R → R be a differentiable
3
+ (higher degree terms in x) − 1 function satisfying f ′ (3) + f ′ (2) = 0.
lim x  − 1 < lim x   ≤ lim x
= lim 4 4 4
∴ 1
x→0+ x x→ 0  x  x → 0  x  x → 0 x  1 + f (3 + x) − f (3)  x
= lim [1 + (higher degree terms of x)] Then lim   is
lim (4 − x) < lim x   ≤ lim 4 x→ 0  1 + f (2 − x) − f (2) 
x→0+
4
⇒
x→ 0 x→ 0  x  x → 0
equal to [2019, 8 April Shift-II]
= 1 (on applying limit) ⇒ b = 1 So, according to Squeeze theorem, we (a) e (b) e −1 (c) e2 (d) 1
Now, f (0) = lim f (x) have Ans. (d)
x → 0− 1
lim x   = 4 = A
4
sin(a + 2) x + sin x (given)  1 + f (3 + x) − f (3)  x ∞
⇒ lim =1 x→ 0  x  Let l = lim   [1 form]
x → 0− x x → 0  1 + f (2 − x) − f (2) 
Now, the functionf (x) = [x2 ] sin( πx) is 1 1 + f (3 + x ) − f (3) 
[Qf (0) = b = 1] lim  1− 
continuous at every integral value of x, x→ 0 x  1 + f (2 − x ) − f (2 ) 
a + 3  ax ⇒ l=e
2 sin x  cos so according to given options A + 1 = 5
 2  2  1 + f (2 − x ) − f (2 ) − 1 − f (3 + x ) + f (3) 
⇒ lim =1 lim
x→ 0  x (1 + f (2 − x ) − f (2 )) 

x → 0− x ∈Integer.
/ =e
⇒ So f (x) is discontinuous when x = 5 lim
 f (2 − x ) − f (3 + x ) + f (3) − f (2 ) 
x→ 0  x (1 + f (2 − x ) − f (2 )) 
  a + 3  = A + 1. =e 
 sin 2  x  a + 3  ax 
lim 2 × Hence, option (a) is correct.
  ⋅ cos  = 1 On applying L’Hopital rule, we get
x → 0−   a + 3  2  2  −f ′ (2 − x ) −f ′ (3 + x ) 
   x

lim
x→ 0  1 − xf ′ (2 − x ) + f (2 − x ) − f (2 ) 
  2   106 Let f : [−1, 3] → R be defined as l=e
⇒ a + 3= 1 ⇒ a = −2 | x | + [x], −1 ≤ x < 1 On applying limit, we get
So, a + 2b = − 2 + 2(1) = 0   −f ′ (2 ) − f ′ (3) 
f (x) =  x + | x |, 1 ≤ x < 2  

 x + [x], 2 ≤ x ≤ 3, l = e  1 − 0 + f (2 ) − f (2 )  = e 0 = 1
104 Let f and g be differentiable  1
functions on R such that fog is the  1 + f (3 + x) − f (3)  x
where, [t] denotes the greatest So, lim   =1
identity function. If for some x → 0  1 + f (2 − x) − f (2) 
integer less than or equal to t.
a, b ∈R,g ′ (a) = 5 and g (a) = b, then Then, f is discontinuous at π π
f ′ (b) is equal to [2020, 9 Jan. Shift-II] 108 If the function f defined on  , 
1 2
[2019, 8 April Shift-II]
 6 3
(a) (b) 5 (c) (d) 1 (a) four or more points
5 5 (b) only two points
 2 cos x − 1 π
Ans. (a)  , x≠
(c) only three points by f (x) =  cot x − 1 4 is
It is given that fog(x) = x, then gof (x) = x (d) only one point π
 k, x=
⇒ g ′ (f (x))f ′ (x) = 1 Ans. (c)  4
On putting x = b, we get
1 Given functionf : [−1, 3] → R is defined as continuous, then k is equal to
g ′ (f (b))f ′ (b) = 1 ⇒ f ′ (b) = | x | + [x], −1 ≤ x < 1
g ′ (f (b)) [2019, 9 April Shift-I]
gof (x) = x  1 1
f (x) =  x + | x |, 1 ≤ x < 2 (a) (b) 2 (c) 1 (d)
⇒ g f (b) = b (on putting x = b)  x + [x ], 2 ≤ x ≤ 3 2 2
⇒ g (f (b)) = g (a) (Qg (a) = b) 
Ans. (a)
⇒ f (b) = a  − x − 1, − 1 ≤ x < 0
1 1  x, 0≤ x< 1 Given function is
∴ f ′ (b) = = (given) 
g ′ (a) 5 =  2x, 1≤ x < 2  2 cos x − 1 π
 ,x ≠
Hence, option (a) is correct.  x + 2, 2 ≤ x < 3 f (x) =  cot x − 1 4
  π
 6, x =3 k , x=
 4
105 Let [t] denote the greatest integer [Qif n ≤ x < n + 1, ∀ n ∈ Integer, [x] = n]
QFunction f (x) is continuous, so it is
≤ t and lim x   = A. Then the
4 π
Q lim f (x) = − 1 ≠ f (0) [Q f(0) = 0] continuous at x = .
x→ 0  x  x→ 0− 4
π
function, f (x) = [x 2] sin(πx) is Q lim f (x) = 1 ≠ f (1) [Q f(1) = 2] ∴ f   = lim f (x)
x → 1−
 4  x→ π
discontinuous, when x is equal to 4
Q lim f (x) = 4 = f (2) = lim f (x) = 4 lim
[2020, 9 Jan. Shift-II] − + 2 cos x − 1
x →2 x →2 ⇒ k= π
(a) A+1 (b) A + 21 x→ cot x − 1
[Q f(2) = 4] 4
(c) A (d) A +5
 π From the above definition it is clear that = b(5 − π) + 3 …(iii)
Put x= + h,
4 g (x) is not differentiable at x = 5, 10, 15. QFunction f (x) is continuous at x = 5.
π
when x →
110 If f (x) = [x] −  , x ∈R where [x]
, thenh→ 0 x
4 ∴ f (5) = lim f (x) = lim f (x)
x→ 5 + x→ 5 −
π  4
2 cos  + h − 1 ⇒ a (5 − π ) + 1 = b (5 − π ) + 3
lim 4  denotes the greatest integer
k=
h→ 0  π  function, then [2019, 9 April Shift-II] ⇒ (a − b)(5 − π) = 2
cot + h − 1
4  2
(a) lim f (x) exists but lim f (x) does not ⇒ a −b =
 1 1  x→ 4 + x→ 4 − 5− π
2  cos h − sin h − 1
lim  2 2  exist
= (b) f is continuous at x = 4
112 Let f : R → R be differentiable at
h→ 0 cot h − 1
−1 c ∈R and f (c) = 0. If g (x) = | f (x) | , then
cot h + 1 (c) Both lim f (x) and lim f (x) exist but

x→ 4 − x→ 4 + at x = c, g is [2019, 10 April Shift-I]
Q cos (x + y) = cos x cos y − sin x sin y
are not equal
 (d) lim f (x) exists but lim f (x) does (a) not differentiable
cot x cot y − 1  x→ 4 − x→ 4 + (b) differentiable if f′ (c) ≠ 0
and cot (x + y) =
cot y + cot x  not exist
(c) not differentiable if f′ (c) = 0
Ans. (b) (d) differentiable if f′ (c) = 0
lim cos h − sin h − 1
=
Given function f (x) = [x] −  , x ∈ R
x
h→ 0 −2 Ans. (d)
 4 
1 + cot h Given function, g (x) = |f (x)|
 4 + h 
Now, lim f (x) = lim  [4 + h] − 
=
lim  (1 − cos h) + sin h 
(sin h + cos h)  x→ 4 + h→ 0   4   where f : R → R be differentiable at c ∈ R
h → 0  2 sin h  and f (c) = 0, then for function ‘g’ at x = c
[Qput x = 4 + h, when x → 4+ , thenh→ 0]
 2 sin2 h + 2 sin h cos h  = lim (4 − 1) = 3 g (c + h) − g (c)
g ′ (c) = lim [where h> 0]
lim  2 2 2  h→ 0
h→ 0 h
= (sin h + cos h)   4 − h 
h→ 0  h h and lim f (x) = lim  [4 − h] −   |f (c + h)| − |f (c)|


4 sin
2
cos
2

 x→ 4 − h→ 0   4   = lim
h→ 0 h
 sin h + cos h  [Q put x = 4 − h, when x → 4− then h→ 0]
lim  2 |f (c + h)|
= 2 × (sinh + cos h)  = lim (3 − 0) = 3 = lim [as f (c) = 0 (given)]
  h→ 0 h→ 0 h
h → 0  2 cos h 
and f(4) = [4] −   = 4 − 1 = 3
4
 2  f (c + h) − f (c)
 4  = lim [Qh> 0]
1 h→ 0 h
⇒k=
2 Q lim f (x) = f (4) = lim f (x) = 3
x→ 4 − x→ 4 + f (c + h) − f (c)
= lim
So, function f (x) is continuous at x = 4. h→ 0 h
109 Let f (x) = 15 − x − 10 ; x ∈R. Then,
the set of all values of x, at which = f ′ (c)
111 If the function
the function, g (x) = f (f (x)) is not  a | π − x| +1, x ≤ 5 [Qf is differentiable at x = c]
differentiable, is f (x) =  is Now, if f ′ (c) = 0, then g (x) is
[2019, 9 April Shift-I]
b | x − π | +3, x > 5 differentiable at x = c, otherwise LHD (at
(a) {5, 10, 15, 20} (b) {5, 10, 15 }
continuous at x = 5, then the value x = c) and RHD (at x = c) is different.
of a − b is [2019, 9 April Shift-II]
(c) {10} (d) {10, 15 } −2 2  sin (p + 1) x + sin x
Ans. (b) (a) (b) 
π +5 π +5 ,x<0
Given function isf (x) = 15 − | x − 10 |, x ∈R 2 2  x
(c) (d) 113 If f (x) =  q, x =0
and g (x) = f (f (x)) = f (15 − | x − 10 |) π −5 5 −π  x + x2 − x x>0
= 15 − | 15 − | x − 10 | − 10 | Ans. (d)  ,
= 15 − | 5 − | x − 10 | | Given function  x 3/ 2
 15 − | 5 − (x − 10) | , x ≥ 10 a | π − x | + 1, x ≤ 5
= f (x) = 
15 − | 5 + (x − 10) | , x < 10 b | x − π | + 3, x > 5 is continuous at x = 0, then the
15 − | 15 − x | , x ≥ 10 and it is also given thatf (x) is continuous ordered pair (p, q) is equal to
= [2019, 10 April Shift-I]
at x = 5.
 15 − | x − 5 | , x < 10
Clearly, f (5) = a (5 − π) + 1 …(i)  3 1  1 3
 15 + (x − 5) = 10 + x , x< 5 (a)  − , −  (b)  − , 
lim f (x) = lim [a | π − (5 − h)| + 1]  2 2  2 2
 15 − (x − 5) = 20 − x , 5 ≤ x < 10
 x→ 5 − h→ 0
= 5 1  3 1
 15 + (x − 15) = x , 10 ≤ x < 15 = a(5 − π) + 1 …(ii) (c)  ,  (d)  − , 
 2 2  2 2
15 − (x − 15) = 30 − x , x ≥ 15 and lim f (x) = lim [b | (5 + h) − π | + 3]
x→ 5 + h→ 0
 Ans. (d) Ans. (d) y=x2
y=|x|
Given function Key Idea A function is said to be 2
 sin(p + 1) x + sin x continuous
 , x<0 1
 x if it is continuous at each point of the
f (x) =  q , x =0 domain.
  5 if x≤ 1 0
 x+x − x
2 –2 –1 1 2
, x>0 a + bx if 1 < x < 3 –1
 x 3/ 2 
We have, f (x) = 
is continuous at x = 0, then b + 5x if 3 ≤ x < 5 –2
f (0) = lim f (x) = lim f (x) …(i)  30 if x≥ 5
x→ 0− x→ 0 + Clearly, y = | x | and y = x2 intersect at
sin(p + 1) x + sin x Clearly, for f (x) to be continuous, it has to
lim f (x) = lim x = − 1, 0, 1
be continuous at x = 1, x = 3 and x = 5
x→ 0− x→ 0− x Now, the graph of y = max {| x |, x2 } for
[QIn rest portion it is continuous
= p+ 1+ 1=p+ 2 | x | ≤ 2 is
everywhere]
Q lim sin(ax) = a  4
 x → 0 x  ∴ lim (a + bx) = a + b = 5 …(i)
x→ 1+
[Q lim f (x) = lim f (x) = f (1)] y=x2
x + x2 − x x → 1− x→ 1 +
and lim f (x) = lim
x→ 0 + x→ 0 + x 3/ 2 lim (b + 5x) = b + 25 = 30 …(ii) 1
x → 5−
x [(1 + x) 1/ 2 − 1] [Q lim f (x) = lim f (x) = f (5)]
= lim x → 5− x→ 5 +
x→ 0 + x x –2 –1 1 2
 11   On solving Eqs. (i) and (ii), we getb = 5
  − 1  and a = 0
y =|x|
1 
1 + x + 2 2 
x2 + .... − 1 Now, let us check the continuity off (x) at
 2 2!  For | x | ∈ (2, 4]
  x = 3.
   8 − 2x, x ∈ (2, 4]
= lim Here, lim (a + bx) = a + 3b = 15 f (x) = 8 − 2 | x | = 
x→ 0 + x 8 + 2x, x ∈ [− 4, − 2)
x → 3−
[Q(1+ x) n and lim (b + 5x) = b + 15 = 20  Q2 < | x | ≤ 4 
n(n − 1) 2 n(n − 1(n − 2)) 3 x → 3+  ⇒ | x | > 2 and | x | ≤ 4
= 1 + nx + x + x +  
1⋅ 2 1⋅2⋅3 Hence, for a = 0 and b = 5, f (x) is not
continuous at x = 3  
...,| x |< 1]  – 4 – 2 2 4 

 11   ∴ f (x) cannot be continuous for any values
  − 1  ofa andb. Hence, the graph of y = f (x) is
1   1
= lim  + 2 2 x + ... =
x→ 0 +  2 2!  2 max { | x |, x 2 }, | x | ≤ 2 4




115 Let f (x) = 
2x

y=
 8 − 2 | x |, 2< | x | ≤ 4
8+

8
–2
From Eq. (i), we get 1
y=

x
1
f (0) = q = and lim f (x) = p + 2 =
1 Let S be the set of points in the
2 x→ 0− 2 interval (−4, 4) at which f is not –4 –2 –1 1 2 4
⇒ p= −
3 differentiable. Then, S
2 [2019, 10 Jan. Shift-I]
From the graph it is clear that at
 3 1 (a) equals {−2, − 1, 0, 1, 2 } x = − 2, − 1, 0, 1, 2 the curve has sharp
So, (p, q) =  − , 
 2 2 (b) equals {−2, 2} edges and hence at these pointsfis not
(c) is an empty set differentiable.
114 Let f:R → R be a function defined (d) equals {−2,−1, 1, 2}
as Ans. (a) 116 Let f : (−1, 1) → R be a function
 5, if x≤1 defined by
Key Idea
a + bx, if 1 < x < 3 f (x) = max {− x , − 1 − x 2 }. If K is the
 This type of problem can be solved
f (x) = 
b + 5x, if 3 ≤ x < 5
graphically set of all points at which f is not
 30, max {| x |, x2 }, | x| ≤ 2
if x≥ 5 We have,f (x) =  differentiable, then K has exactly
 8 − 2 | x |, 2< |x |≤ 4 [2019, 10 Jan. Shift-II]
Then, f is [2019, 9 Jan. Shift-I] (a) three elements (b) five elements
Let us draw the graph of y = f (x)
(a) continuous if a = −5 and b = 10 (c) two elements (d) one element
For |x | ≤ 2f (x) = max{| x | x2 }
(b) continuous if a =5 and b = 5 Ans. (a)
Let us first draw the graph of y = | x |
(c) continuous if a =0 and b = 5
and y = x2 as shown in the following Key Idea This type of questions can be
(d) not continuous for any values of a figure. solved graphically.
and b
 Given, f : (−1, 1) → R, such that  1, − 2≤ x < 0 Here,
Clearly, |f (x)| =  2
| x − 1 |, 0 ≤ x ≤ 2 Rf ′ (0) = lim (3 cos x − 1 − 2(x − π) sin x)
f (x) = max − | x |, − 1 − x2  x→ 0 +
  − 2≤ x < 0
 1, =3− 1−0 =2
On drawing the graph, we get the 
= − (x2 − 1), 0 ≤ x < 1 and
follwong figure.  x2 − 1,
Y  1≤ x ≤ 2 Lf ′ (0) = lim (cos x + 1 − 2(x − π) sin x)
x → 0−
and f (| x |) = | x |2 − 1, 0 ≤ | x | ≤ 2 = 1+ 1−0 =2
y=f(x)
O 1 [Q f (| x |) = − 1 is not possible as | x | </ 0] Q Rf ′ (0) = Lf ′ (0)
–1 = x2 − 1, | x | ≤ 2 [Q | x |2 = x2 ] So, f (x) is differentiable at all values of x.
–1 , –1 , 1 , –1 ,
√2 √2 √2 √2 = x − 1, − 2 ≤ x ≤ 2
2
⇒ K =φ
y=–|x| ∴ g (x) = |f (x)| + f (| x |)
 1 + x2 − 1, − 2≤ x < 0 119 Let S be the set of all points in
Q graph of y = − | x | is 
= − (x − 1) + x2 − 1, 0 ≤ x < 1
2
(− π, π) at which the function,
Y  x2 − 1 + x2 − 1, 1≤ x ≤ 2 f (x) = min {sin x,cos x} is not

 x , 2
− 2≤ x < 0 differentiable. Then, S is a subset
X  of which of the following?
=  0, 0≤ x< 1 [2019, 12 Jan. Shift-I]
2 (x2 − 1), 1 ≤ x ≤ 2
π π
 (a)  − , 0, 
Now, let us draw the graph of y = g (x), as  4 4
and graph of y = − 1 − x2
π π π π
shown in the figure. (b)  − , − , , 
Y Y  2 4 4 2
(2,6)
3π π 3π π
(c)  − ,− , , 
(–2,4) y=x2 y=0
X
y=2 (x2 –1)  4 4 4 4
3π π π 3π
X′ X (d)  − ,− , , 
–2 –1 O 1 2  4 2 2 4 
[Qx2 + y2 = 1 represent a complete Ans. (c)
circle]
Y′ Let us draw the graph of y = f (x), as
 − 1 − x2 , − 1< x ≤ −
1 shown below
 2 1
 [ Here, y = 2 (x2 − 1) or x2 = (y + 2)
 1 1 2 y=cos x y=sin x
⇒ f (x) =  − | x |, − < x≤ 1
2 2 represent a parabola with vertex (0, − 2)
 and it open upward] –3π
 1 –π 4 O π
 − 1− x , < x< 1
2 X
Note that there is a sharp edge at x = 1 π π/4
 2
only, so g (x) is not differentiable at x = 1
–
2
From the figure, it is clear that function only. –1
1 1 y=min {sin x, cos x}
have sharp edges, at x = − , 0,
2 2 118 Let K be the set of all real values of
∴ Function is not differentiable at 3 x, where the function Clearly, the function
f (x) = min {sin x, cos x } is not differentiable
points. f (x) = sin| x | − | x | + 2(x − π)cos| x | is − 3π π
 −1, −2 ≤ x < 0 not differentiable. Then, the set K at x = and
117 Let f (x) =  2 is equal to
4 4
 x − 1, 0 ≤ x ≤ 2
[2019, 11 Jan. Shift-II]
[these are point of intersection of
(a) {0} (b) φ (an empty set) graphs of sin x and cos x in (− π, π), on
and g (x) = | f (x)| + f (| x |). (c) { π } (d) {0, π } which function has sharp edges]. So,
Then, in the interval (−2, 2), g is −3 π π 
S = 
Ans. (b)
, , which is a subset of
[2019, 11 Jan. Shift-I]
We have,  4 4
(a) not differentiable at one point f (x) = sin| x | − | x | + 2 (x − π) cos| x |  −3 π , − π , 3 π , π 
(b) not differentiable at two points − sin x + x + 2(x − π) cos x, if x < 0  
f (x) =   4 4 4 4
(c) differentiable at all points  sin x − x + 2(x − π) cos x, if x ≥ 0
(d) not continuous
[Qsin(−θ ) = − sinθ and cos(−θ ) = cosθ ] 120 Let S = (t ∈ R : f (x)
Ans. (a)
∴f ′ (x) = = | x − π | ⋅ (e | x | − 1) sin| x | is not
Key Idea This type of problem can be − cos x + 1 + 2 cos x − 2(x − π) sin x ; if x < 0 differentiable at t }. Then, the set S
solved graphically. 
 cos x − 1 + 2 cos x − 2(x − π) sin x , if x > 0 is equal to [JEE Main 2018]
 − 1, − 2 ≤ x < 0 Clearly, f (x) is differentiable everywhere (a) φ (an empty set) (b) {0}
We have, f (x) =  2
x − 1, 0 ≤ x ≤ 2 except possibly at x = 0 (c) { π } (d) {0, π }
and g (x) = |f (x)| + f (| x |) [Qf ′ (x) exist for x < 0 and x > 0]
 Ans. (a) k x + 1 , 0 ≤ x ≤ 3 Now, cos x is continuous, ∀x ∈ R.
∴ g (x) = 
We have,f (x) = | x − π |⋅(e | x | − 1) sin| x |  mx + 2 , 3 < x ≤ 5  1
⇒ cos π  x −  is also continuous,
 (x − π)(e − x − 1) sin x, x<0  2
At x = 3, RHL = 3m + 2
 ∀x ∈ R.
f (x) = − (x − π)(e − 1) sin x, 0 ≤ x < π
x
and at x = 3, LHL = 2k
 (x − π)(e x − 1) sin x, Hence, the continuity off depends upon
x≥ π
 ∴ 2k = 3m + 2 …(i) the continuity of [x]. Now, [x] is
We check the differentiability at x = 0  k discontinuous, ∀x ∈I.
 , 0≤ x<3
and π. Also, g ′ (x) = 2 x + 1 So, we should check the conitnuity off at
We have,  m , 3< x ≤ 5 x = n,∀n ∈I.
(x − π) (e − x − 1) cos x + (e − x − 1) sin x k LHL at x = n is given by
 ∴ L { g ′ (3)} = and R { g ′ (3)} = m
 + (x − π) sin xe − x (−1), x < 0 4 f (n− ) = lim f (x)
−
 ⇒
k
= m i.e. k = 4m
x→ n
 1
− [(x − π)(e − 1) cos x + (e − 1) sin x …(ii)
x x
f ′ (x) =  4 = lim [x] cos π  x − 
x → n−  2
 + (x − π) sin xe ],0 < x < π
x


On solving Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get (2n − 1) π
= (n − 1) cos =0
(x − π)(e − 1) cos x + (e − 1) sin x
x x
8 2 2
k = ,m= ⇒ k + m=2
 + (x − π) sin xe x , x > π 5 5
 RHL at x = n is given by
f (n+ ) = lim f (x)
Clearly, lim f ′ (x) = 0 = lim f ′ (x) 123 If f and g are differentiable x→ n+
x→ 0− x→ 0 +  1
= lim [x] cos π  x − 
and lim f ′ (x) = 0 = lim f ′ (x) functions in (0,1) satisfying x→ n+  2
x→ π − x→ π + f (0) = 2 = g (1),g (0) = 0 and f (1) = 6, then = (n) cos
(2n − 1) π
=0
∴f is differentiable at x = 0 and x = π for some c ∈] 0,1 [ [JEE Main 2014] 2
Hence,f is differentiable for all x. (a) 2 f′ (c) = g′ (c) (b) 2 f′ (c) = 3g′ (c) Also, value of the function at x = n is
(c) f′ (c) = g′ (c) (d) f′ (c) = 2 g′ (c)  1
121 For x ∈R, f (x) = |log 2 − sin x| f (n) = [n] cos π  n − 
 2
Ans. (d)
and g (x) = f (f (x)), then = (n) cos
(2n − 1) π
=0
Here, f (0) = 2 = g (1), g (0) = 0 and f (1) = 6
[JEE Main 2016] 2
Qf and g are differentiable in (1,0).
(a) g is not differentiable at x = 0 ∴ f (n+ ) = f (n− ) = f (n)
Let h (x) = f (x) −2g (x)
(b) g′ (0) = cos (log 2) Hence, f is continuous at x = n, ∀n ∈I.
h (0) = f (0) − 2g (0)
(c) g′ (0) = − cos (log 2)
h(0) = 2 − 0 = 2
(d) g is differentiable at x = 0 and 125 Consider the function,
Now, h (1) = f (1) − 2g (1) = 6 − 2 (2)
g′ (0) = − sin (log 2) f (x) = | x − 2 | + | x − 5 |, x ∈R.
h (1) = 2,h (0) = h (1) = 2
Ans. (b) Statement I f ′ (4) = 0
Hence, using Rolle's theorem,
We have, f (x) = log 2 − sin x Statement II f is continuous in
There exists c ∈] 0, 1 [, such that
and g (x) = f (f (x)), x ∈ R [2, 5], differentiable in (2, 5) and
h′ ( c ) = 0
Note that, for x → 0, log 2> sin x
⇒ f ′ (c) − 2g ′ (c) = 0, for some c ∈] 0, 1 [ f (2) = f (5).
∴ f (x) = log 2 − sin x
⇒ f ′ (c) = 2g ′ (c) (a) Statement I is false, Statement II is
⇒ g (x) = log 2 − sin (f (x)) true
= log 2 − sin (log 2 − sin x) 124 If f : R → R is a function defined by (b) Statement II is true, Statement II is
Clearly, g (x) is differentiable at x = 0 as
 2x − 1 true; Statement II is a correct
sinx is differentiable. f (x) = [x] cos   π, where [x] explanation of Statement I
Now, g ′ (x) = − cos (log 2 − sin x) (− cos x)  2 
(c) Statement I is true, Statement II is
= cos x ⋅ cos (log 2 − sin x) denotes the greatest integer true; Statement II is not a correct
⇒ g′ (0) = 1 ⋅ cos (log 2) function, then f is [AIEEE 2012] explanation of Statement I
(a) continuous for every real x (d) Statement I is true, Statement II is
122 If the function (b) discontinuous only at x = 0
false [AIEEE 2012]
k x + 1 , 0≤ x ≤ 3 Ans. (c)
g (x) =  is (c) discontinuous only at non-zero
 mx + 2 , 3 < x ≤ 5 integral values of x Given A function f such that
f (x) = | x − 2 | + | x − 5 |.
differentiable, then the value of (d) continuous only at x = 0
To discuss Continuity and
k + m is [JEE Main 2015] Ans. (a) differentiability of f in interval (2, 5).
16 10 x − 2 x ≥ 2
(a) 2 (b) (c) (d) 4 Given A function f : R → R defined by We know that, | x − 2 | = 
5 3  1 2 − x, x < 2
f (x) = [x] cos π  x −  , where [] denotes
Ans. (a)  2
x − 5, x ≥ 5
the greatest integer function. and | x − 5 | = 
Since, g (x) is differentiable ⇒g (x) must
5 − x, x < 5
be continuous. To discuss The continuity of functionf.
 2 − x, x < 2 Ans. (b)
  128 Define f (x) as the product of two
⇒ | x − 2 | = x − 2, 2 ≤ x ≤ 5  sin (p + 1) x + sin x
x − 2, x > 5  , x<0 real functions f1 (x) = x, x ∈ IR and
  x
5 − x, x < 2 Here, f (x) =  q , x =0  sin 1 , if x ≠ 0
  f2 (x) =  x as follows
and | x − 5 | = 5 − x, 2 ≤ x ≤ 5  x+x − x
2
, x>0
x − 5, x > 5  3  0 , if x = 0
 
⇒ f (x) = | x − 2 | + | x − 5 |
x2 f1 (x) ⋅ f2 (x), if x ≠ 0
Since,f (x) is continuous for x ∈ R. f (x) = 
(2 − x) + (5 − x), x < 2  0 , if x = 0
 So, f (x) is continuous at x = 0.
= (x − 2) + (5 − x), 2 ≤ x ≤ 5 Statement I F (x) is continuous on
RHL at x = 0,
(x − 2) + (x − 5), x > 5
 h + h2 − h h { h + 1 − 1}
IR.
7 − 2x, x < 2 lim 3
= lim Statement II f1 (x) and f2 (x) are
h→ 0 h→ 0 h h

= 3 , 2≤ x ≤ 5 h2 continuous on IR. [AIEEE 2011]
2x − 7, x > 5  h+ 1 − 1 h + 1 + 1 (a) Statement I is false, Statement II is
 = lim  ×  true
Now, we can draw the graph off very h→ 0  h h + 1 + 1 
easily. (b) Statement I is true, Statement II is
(h + 1) − 1
Y = lim true; Statement II is correct explanation
h → 0 h { h + 1 + 1} of Statement I.
y = 2x – 7
y = 7 – 2x
1 1
= lim = …(i) (c) Statement I is true, Statement II is
h→ 0 h + 1 + 1 2 true; Statement II is not a correct
explanation of Statement I
y=3 LHL at x = 0,
sin (p + 1) (− h) + sin (− h) (d) Statement I is true, Statement II is false
X lim
O 2 5 h→ 0 −h Ans. (d)
sin (p + 1) h sin h x ⋅ sin  1  , x ≠ 0
  
= lim + Here, f (x) =   x
From the above graph, we can analyse all h→ 0 h h  0 , x =0
the required things.
⇒ (p + 1) + 1 = (p + 2) …(ii) To check continuity at x = 0,
Statement I f′ (4) = 0
f (0) = q
LHL = lim (− h) sin  −   = 0
…(iii) 1
It is obviously clear thatf is constant
around x = 4, hencef′ (4) = 0. Hence, From Eqs. (i), (ii) and (iii), we get h→ 0   h 

RHL = lim h sin    = 0 ⇒ f(0) = 0

Statement I is correct. 1 1
=q = p+ 2
Statement II It can be clearly seen that 2 h→ 0   h 
(i) f is continuous, ∀x ∈ [2, 5]. ∴
3
p = − ,q =
1 So, f (x) is continuous at x = 0.
(ii) f is differential, ∀x ∈ (2, 5). 2 2 Hence, Statement I is correct.
(iii) f (2) = f (5) = 3 sin  1  , x ≠ 0

127 If function f (x) is differentiable at
Hence, Statement II is also correct but f2 (x) =   x 
obviously not a correct explanation of x 2f (a) − a 2f (x)  0 , x =0
x = a, then lim is
Here, lim f2 (x) = lim sin  
Statement I. 1
x→ a x −a
x→ 0 x→ 0  x
126 The values of p and q for which the equal to [AIEEE 2011] which does not exist. So,f2 (x) is not
function (a) 2a f (a) + a f′ (a)
2
continuous at x = 0. Hence, Statement II
 (b) − a2 f′ (a) is false.
 sin (p + 1) x + sin x , x < 0 (c) af (a) − a2 f′ (a)
 x 129 If f : (− 1, 1) → R be a differentiable
 (d) 2af (a) − a2 f′ (a)
f (x) =  q, x =0 function with f (0) = − 1 and f ′ (0) = 1.
 Ans. (d) Let g (x) = [f (2f (x) + 2)] 2 . Then, g ′ (0)
 x + x 2
− x x f (a) − a f (x)
2 2
is equal to
 , x>0 Here, lim
[AIEEE 2010]
 x 3/ 2 x → a x − a (a) 4 (b) – 4 (c) 0 (d) – 2

2xf (a) − a f ′ (x)

2 Ans. (b)
is continuous for all x in R, are = lim
[AIEEE 2011] x→ a 1−0 We have,f : (− 1, 1) → R
5
(a) p = , q =
1 3
(b) p = − , q =
1
[using L’ Hospital rule] f (0) = −1, f ′(0) = 1
2 2 2 2 g (x) = [f (2f (x) + 2)]2
= 2af (a) − a f ′ (a)
2
1 3 1 3 ⇒4 g ′(x) = 2 [f (2f (x) + 2)] × f ′ (2f (x) +2)
(c) p = , q = (d) p = , q = −
2 2 2 2 ×2f ′ (x)
 Y y=x+1
⇒ g ′(0) = 2 [f {2f (0) + 2}] × f ′ {2f (0) +2} Ans. (d) y=– x+1
×2f ′ (0) f (1 − h) − f (1)
Now, f ′ (1− ) = lim
= 2 [f (0)] × f ′ (0) × 2f ′(0) h→ 0 −h
y=1
(1 − h − 1) ⋅ sin 
= 2 × (− 1) × 1 × 2 × 1 = − 4 1  (0, 1)
 −0
 1 −h − 1 X′ X
= lim
130 Let f (x) = x| x | and g (x) = sin x h→ 0 −h
O


= lim sin  − 
1
Statement I gof is differentiable
h→ 0  h
at x = 0and its derivative is Y′
1
continuous at that point. = − lim sin It is clear from the figure thatf (x) is
h→ 0 h
Statement II gof is twice differentiable everywhere.
f (1 + h) − f (1)
differentiable at x = 0. [AIEEE 2009] and f ′ (1+ ) = lim
h→ 0 h 133 The function f : R/{0} → R given by
(a) Statement I is false, Statement II is
(1 + h − 1) sin 
1 
true  −0 1 2
 1 + h − 1 f (x ) = − 2x
(b) Statement I is true, Statement II is = lim x e −1
h→ 0 h
true; Statement II is a correct
explanation of Statement I = lim sin
1 can be made continuous at x = 0by
h→ 0 h
(c) Statement I is true, Statement II is defining f (0) as [AIEEE 2007]
true; Statement II is not a correct ∴ f ′ ( 1− ) ≠ f ′ ( 1+ ) (a) 2 (b) –1 (c) 0 (d) 1
explanation of Statement I Hence, f is not differentiable at x = 1. Ans. (d)
(d) Statement I is true, Statement II is false Again, 1 2 
(0 + h − 1) sin 
1 
Ans. (d)  − sin 1 Now, lim  − 2 x 
f′ (0) = lim
 0 + h − 1 x→ 0  x e − 1 
f (x) = x | x | and g (x) = sin x h→ 0 −h
e2 x − 1 − 2 x
− sin x2 , x < 0  = lim
gof (x) = sin (x | x |) =   1  ×  −1   x→ 0 x (e2 x − 1)
 (h − 1) cos   
 sin x2 , x ≥ 0   h − 1   (h − 1)2  
 2 e2 x − 2
  = lim
− 2x cos x2 , x < 0   1  2x
− 1) + 2 xe2 x

x→ 0 (e
∴ (gof) ′ (x) =  + sin 
  h− 1  
 2x cos x2 , x ≥ 0 = lim  [using L’Hospital rule]
h→ 0 −1
Clearly, L ( gof) ′ (0) = 0 = R ( gof) ′ (0) 4 e2 x
[using L’ Hospital rule] = lim =1
x → 0 4 e2 x + 4xe2 x
So, gof is differentiable at x = 0 and also
= cos 1 − sin 1 and f′ (0 + ) [using L’Hospital rule]
its derivative is continuous at x = 0.
 1  So, f (x) is continuous at x = 0, then
Now, (0 + h − 1) sin   − sin 1
 0 + h − 1 lim f (x) = f (0) ⇒ 1 = f(0)
− 2 cos x + 4x sin x , x < 0
2 2 2
= lim x→ 0
( gof) ′ ′ (x) =  h→ 0 h
2 cos x2 − 4x2 sin x2 , x ≥ 0 x
1   −1 
134 The set of points, where f (x) =
(h − 1) cos   + sin 
1 
 1+|x|
∴ L ( gof) ′ ′ (0) = − 2 and R ( gof) ′′ (0) = 2  h − 1  (h − 1) 2   h − 1
= lim is differentiable, is [AIEEE 2006]
∴ L ( gof) ′′ (0) ≠ R ( gof) ′′ (0) h→ 0 1
[using L’Hospital rule] (a) (− ∞, − 1) ∪ (− 1, ∞) (b) (− ∞, ∞)
Hence, gof (x) is not twice differentiable (c) (0, ∞) (d) (− ∞, 0) ∪ (0, ∞)
at x = 0. = cos 1 − sin 1
Ans. (b)
Therefore, Statement I is true, ⇒ f ′ (0 − ) = f ′ (0 + ) x
Statement II is false. Since, f (x) =
Hence, f is differentiable at x = 0. 1 + |x |
 (x − 1) sin 1 , if x ≠ 1 f (x) =
g (x)
=
x
 132 Let f : R → R be a function defined Let
131 Let f (x) =  x −1 h(x) 1 + | x |
 0, if x = 1 by f (x) = min {x + 1,| x | + 1}. Then, It is clear that g (x) = x and h(x) = 1 + | x |
which one of the following is true? are differentiable on (− ∞, ∞) and
Then, which one of the following is [AIEEE 2007] (− ∞, 0) ∪ (0, ∞), respectively. Thus,f (x) is
true? [AIEEE 2008]
(a) f (x ) ≥ 1 for all x ∈ R differentiable on (− ∞, 0) ∪ (0, ∞).
(a) f is differentiable at x = 1 but not at (b) f (x ) is not differentiable at x = 1 Now, we have to check the
x =0 differentiability at x = 0.
(c) f (x ) is differentiable everywhere x
−0
(b) f is neither differentiable at x = 0 nor f (x) − f (0) 1 + |x |
at x = 1 (d) f (x ) is not differentiable at x = 0 ∴ lim = lim
Ans. (c) x→ 0 x −0 x→ 0 x
(c) f is differentiable at x = 0 and at x = 1 1
f (x) = min { x + 1, | x | + 1} = lim =1
(d) f is differentiable at x = 0 but not at x→ 0 1 + |x |
f (x) = x + 1, ∀x ∈ R
x=1 Hence,f (x) is differentiable on (− ∞, ∞).
 1 − tan x π π
135 If f (x) is differentiable at x = 1 and 138 Let f (x) = , x ≠ , x ∈ 0,  ⋅ If Therefore, f (x) is continuous for all x.
4 x − π 4  2  Differentiability at x = 0,
1
lim f (1 + h) = 5, then f ′ (1) is equal to π
f (x) is continuous in 0,  , then −  − 
1 1
h→ 0 h
(−h) e  h h  − 0
 2  Lf ′ (0) = lim
(a) 6 (b) 5 [AIEEE 2005] π (−h) − 0
f   is equal to
h→ 0

(c) 4 (d) 3  4 [AIEEE 2004] = lim e 0 = 1

Ans. (b) h→ 0
(a) 1 (b) 1/2 (c) –1/2 (d) –1
−  + 
1 1
f (1 + h) − f (1)
f ′ (1) = lim Ans. (c) he  h h
−0
h→ 0 h 1 − tan x Rf ′ (0) = lim
f (1 + h) f (1) Q f (x) = h→ 0 h−0
= lim − lim 4x − π 1
h→ 0 h h → 0 h  1 − tan x  = lim =0
f (1 + h) f (1) ∴ lim f (x) = lim   e2 / h
h→ 0
Since, lim = 5, so lim must x→ π/4 x → π / 4  4x − π 
h→ 0 h h→ 0 h ⇒ Rf ′ (0) ≠ Lf ′ (0)
f (1)  − sec2 x Therefore, f (x ) is not differentiable at
be finite asf′ (1) exists and lim can be = lim  
h→ 0 h x→ π/4  4  x = 0.
f (1)
finite only, iff(1) = 0 and lim = 0. [using L’Hospital rule]
h→ 0 h
− sec2 ( π /4) 2
140 Let f (2) = 4 and f ′ (2) = 4. Then,
f (1 + h) = =−
∴ f ′ (1) = lim =5 4 4 xf (2) − 2f (x)
h→ 0 h lim is given by
⇒ lim f (x) = −
1 x→ 2 x −2
x→ π/4 2
136 Let f be differentiable for all x. If [AIEEE 2002]
f (1) = − 2 and f ′ (x) ≥ 2 for x ∈[,1 6], Also, f (x) is continuous in [0, π/2], so f (x) (a) 2 (b) –2 (c) – 4 (d) 3
π
then [AIEEE 2005] will be continuous at ⋅ Ans. (c)
4
(a) f(6) = 5 (b) f(6) < 5 π xf (2) − 2f (x)
∴ f   = lim f (x) = −
1
Now, lim
(c) f(6) < 8 (d) f(6) ≥ 8  4  x→ π/4 2 x→2 x −2
Ans. (d) xf (2) − 2f (2) + 2f (2) − 2f (x)
 −  1 + 1  = lim
Given that,f(1) = − 2 and f ′ (x) ≥ 2  x −2
139 If f (x) =  xe  | x | x  , x ≠ 0, then
x→2
dy
⇒ ≥ 2 ⇒ d y ≥ 2dx  f (2)(x − 2) − 2 {f (x) − f (2)}
dx  0, x = 0 = lim
f (6 ) 6
x→2 x −2
⇒ ∫f (1) dy ≥ 2 ∫ dx
1
f (x) is [AIEEE 2003]
= f (2) − 2 lim
f (x) − f (2)
⇒ [y]ff ((61)) ≥ 2 [x] 61 (a) continuous as well as differentiable x→2 x −2
for all x
⇒ f (6) − f (1) ≥ 10  f (x) − f (a) 
⇒ f (6) ≥ 10 + f (1) (b) continuous for all x but not Qf ′ (x) = xlim
→ x − a 
differentiable at x = 0  a
⇒ f(6) ≥ 8 [Qf (1) = − 2] = f (2) − 2f ′ (2) = 4 − 2 × 4 = − 4
f (6) − f (1) (c) Neither differentiable nor continuous
Alternate Solution, ≥2 at x = 0
6−1
⇒ f (6) − f (1) ≥ 10 (d) discontinuous everywhere TOPIC 4
⇒ f(6) + 2 ≥ 10 ⇒ f(6) ≥ 8 Ans. (b)
Continuity at x = 0,
Method of Differentiability
137 If f is a real-valued differentiable LHL = lim f (x) d 2y
function satisfying x → 0−
141 If y 1/ 4 + y − 1/ 4 = 2x, and (x 2 − 1)
 1 1 
dx 2
| f (x) − f ( y)| ≤ (x − y) 2 ; x, y ∈R and − +  dy
= lim (0 − h) e  | − h | (− h ) 
+ αx + βy = 0then | α − β | is equal
f (0) = 0, then f (1) is equal to h→ 0 dx
−  − 
[AIEEE 2005] 1 1
 h h
to [2021, 27 Aug. Shift-I]
(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 0 (d) –1 = lim (−h) e = lim (−h) = 0
h→ 0 h→ 0 Ans. (17)
Ans. (c) 1
−
1
RHL = lim f (x)
Q |f (x) − f ( y)| ≤ (x − y)2 x→ 0+
Given, y4 + y 4 = 2x
 1 1
|f (x) − f ( y)| − + 
∴ lim ≤ lim | x − y |  |h | h  ⇒ (y 1/ 4 + y −1/ 4 )2 = (2x)2
= lim (0 + h) e
x→ y |x − y | x→ y h→ 0 ⇒ (y 1/ 4 + y −1/ 4 )2 = 4x2
−  + 
1 1
⇒ |f ′ ( y)| ≤ 0 ⇒ f ′ ( y) = 0  h h h Differentiating w.r.t. x, we get
= lim he = lim =0
⇒ f ( y) = Constant ⇒ f ( y) = 0 h→ 0 h→ 0 e2 / h  1 − 
1
1  y 4 − y 4  dy = 2
[Qf (0) = 0, given] ⇒ lim f (x) = lim f (x) = f (0) 4y   dx
x → 0− x→ 0+  
⇒ f(1) = 0
  1 − 
1
143 Let  (1 + 22 x ) (2x log 2) − 2x (22 x log 2⋅2) 
⇒  y 4 − y 4  dy = 8y …(i) f ′ (x) = 2⋅  
  dx   1 − x   (1 + 22 x )2 
  f (x) = cos2 tan −1 sin cot −1 ,
1
−
1   x   f′ (1) = 2
 5⋅2log 2 − 2⋅ 8log 2 

Now, y 4 − y 4  52 
0 < x < 1 . Then, [2021, 26 Aug. Shift-I]  12 
 1 − 
2 =  −  log 2
1
(a) (1 − x)2 f ′ (x) − 2(f (x))2 = 0  25 
= y4 + y 4  −4
  (b) (1 + x)2 f ′ (x) + 2(f (x))2 = 0 −b
  = log e2
(c) (1 − x)2 f ′ (x) + 2(f (x))2 = 0 a
1 1
−
⇒ y4 − y 4 = 2 x2 − 1 …(ii) (d) (1 + x)2 f ′ (x) − 2f (x))2 = 0 ⇒ a = 25 and b = 12
Ans. (c) ∴ | a2 − b2 |min = | 252 − 122 | = 481
dy
⇒ ( x − 1) 2
= 4y   1− x   3 
f (x) = cos  2 tan−1 sin  cot−1
6 4
dx  145 If y = Σ k cos −1  cos kx − sin kx,
[using Eqs. (i) and (ii)]   x   k =1 5 5 
Squaring on both sides, 1− x dy
2 cot−1 = sin−1 x then at x = 0 is … .
 dy  x dx
(x2 − 1)   = 16y2
 dx  ∴ f (x) = cos (2 tan−1 sin sin−1 x ) [2020, 2 Sep. Shift-II]
Again, differentiating w.r.t. x or f (x) = cos (2 tan−1 x ) Ans. (91.00)
2 2 x 
dy d2 y  dy  dy = cos tan−1   Given,
(x2 − 1) ⋅ 2⋅ + 2x   = 32y  1− x  6
dx dx2  dx   3 cos(kx) − 4 sin(kx) 
∑ k cos
dx −1
1− x  y=  
2dy f (x) = cos cos−1   k =1 5 5 
On dividing by , we get  1+ x 
dx 3 4
1− x Let = cos θ and = sinθ
d2 y dy f (x) = 5 5
(x2 − 1) 2 + x = 16y 1+ x 3 4
dx dx − ( 1 + x) − ( 1 − x) −2 So, cos(kx) − sin(kx) = cos(kx + θ)
f ' (x) = = 5 5
d2 y dy ( 1 + x)2 ( 1 + x)2 4
or (x2 − 1 ) +x − 16y = 0 where, tanθ =
dx2 dx 1− x 
2
f ' (x)( 1 − x)2 = −2
3
 6 6
 1+ x 
∑ k cos ∑ (k x + kθ)
Comparing with −1
∴y = cos(kx + θ) = 2

d2 y dy  1− x
2
k =1 k =1
(x2 − 1 ) 2 + α x + β y = 0 (1 − x)2 f ' (x) + 2[f (x)]2 = − 2 
dx dx   6 × 7 × 13   6 × 7 
 1+ x = x + θ
α = 1, β = − 16 2  6   2 
 1− x
∴ α − β = 1 + 16 = 17 + 2  =0 ⇒ y = 91x + 21θ
 1+ x dy
142 If y = y (x) is an implicit function of x ∴ = 91
 
−1 1 − 2
2x   dx x =0
If =   
such that log e (x + y) = 4xy, then 144 f (x ) sin

cos  1 + 2 2x   and its
2
d y    Hence, answer is 91.00.
at x = 0 is equal to π π
dx 2 first derivative with respect to x is 146 If y 2 + log e (cos 2 x) = y, x ∈  − ,  ,
b  2 2
[2021, 26 Aug. Shift-I] − log e 2 when x = 1, where a and b
Ans. (40) a then [2020, 3 Sep. Shift-I]
are integers, then the minimum (a) y′′ (0) = 0 (b) | y′ (0)| + | y′′ (0)| = 1
We have, In (x + y) = 4xy
⇒ x+ y = e 4 xy value of | a 2 − b 2 | is ……… . (c) | y′′ (0)| = 2 (d) | y′ (0) | + | y′′ (0)| = 3
[2021, 17 March Shift-I] Ans. (c)
dy  dy 
⇒ 1+ =  4x + 4y  e 4 xy Ans. (481)
dx  dx  Given equation, y2 + log e (cos2 x) = y,
  1 − 22 x    π π
If x = 0, then y = 1 f (x) = sin cos− 1   x∈  − ,  … (i)
 2x 
dy   1 + 2    2 2
At (0, 1), =3
On differentiating w.r.t. x, we get
dx Let 22x be tan2 θ.
d2 y  dy 
2
 2yy ′ − 2 tan x = y ′ … (ii)
= e 4 xy  4x + 4y   1 − tan2 θ  
2  dx  ∴ f (x) = sin cos− 1  2 
 Again, on differentiating w.r.t x, we get
dx  1 + tan θ  
 2(y ′)2 + 2yy ′ ′ − 2 sec2 x = y ′ ′
 d 2
y 4dy dy 
+ e 4 xy  4x 2 + + 4  = sin[cos− 1 (cos2θ)] = sin2θ ⇒ 2(y ′)2 + 2yy ′ ′ = 2 sec2 x + y ′ ′ … (iii)
 dx dx dx 
2 tanθ 2⋅2x From Eq. (i), at x = 0 ⇒y = 0 or 1
At x = 0, = =
1 + tan θ 1 + 22 x
2
Now, from Eq. (ii)
d2 y
= 16 + 24 = 40  2x  at x = 0, y = 0 ⇒y′ = 0,
dx2 f (x) = 2⋅  
2x  or at x = 0, y = 1 ⇒y′ = 0
1+ 2 
 Now, from Eq. (iii)  2x 1 – x2  Ans. (c)
And, let β = tan–1  
at x = 0, y = 0 and y′ = 0 y′ ′ = −2  1 –2x2  It is given that x k + y k = a k ,(a, k > 0)
 
So, at x = 0, y = 1 and y′ = 0 ⇒y′ ′ = 2 Put x = sinφ On differentiating both sides w.r.t. ‘x’, we
dy
⇒ y′ ′ (0) = 2 ∴ | y′ ′ (0)| = 2  2 sin φ cos φ  –1  sin2 φ  get kx k − 1 + ky k − 1 =0
∴ β = tan–1   = tan  
Hence, option (c) is correct.  1 –2 sin2 φ   cos2 φ  k −1dx
dy  x 
= tan–1 (tan2φ) ⇒ +  = 0, [as, k ≠ 0] …(i)
147 If dx  y 
⇒ β = 2φ = 2 sin–1 x 1/ 3
(a + 2b cos x) (a − 2bcos y) = a 2 − b 2 , dy  y 
dα 1  1  Since, +   = 0 (given) …(ii)
π π   dx  x 
where a > b > 0, the at  ,  is
dx dα dx 2  1 + x2  1 – x2
 ∴ = = =
dy 4 4 dβ dβ 1 4(1 + x2 )
On comparing Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get
2 1 2
[2020, 4 Sep. Shift-I] dx 1–x 2 k− 1= − ⇒ k=
a −b a+b 2a + b a − 2b 3 3
(a) (b) (c) (d) 1
a+b a −b 2a − b a + 2b 1–  tanα + cotα 
dα 4 3 1
∴ = = 151 If y(α) = 2 +
 ,
Ans. (b) dβ x = 1/ 2 4 1 + 1  10
 1 + tan α  sin α
2 2
 
It is given  4
(a + 2b cos x)(a − 2b cos y) = a2 − b2  3π  dy 5π
α ∈  , π , then at α = is
where a > b > 0, 149 Let f : R → R be defined as 4  dα 6
On differentiating w.r.t. ‘y’, we get
 5  1 [2020, 7 Jan. Shift-I]
 dx  x sin  + 5x 2 , x < 0 1 4
(a − 2b cos y)  0 + 2b (− sin x)    x (a) − (b) (c) −4 (d) 4
 dy   4 3
f (x) =  0, x =0
+ (a + 2b cos x)(0 − 2b (− sin y)) = 0  x 5 cos 1  + λx 2 , x > 0 Ans. (d)
  
 dx    x It is given that
⇒ (a − 2b cos y)  − 2b (sin x) 
 dy  [2020, 6 Sep. Shift-I]  tanα + cotα  1
y(α) = 2  + ,
 1 + tan α  sin α
2 2
+ 2b (sin y)(a + 2 b cos x) = 0 Ans. (5.00)
 π π 3π 
At  ,  , we get Given function, α ∈  , π
 4 4  x 5 sin  1  + 5x2 , x < 0  4 
  
 dx   x  tan2 α + 1 
(a − b)  −b  + b (a + b) = 0  ⇒ y(α) = 2 cotα  +
1
f (x) =  0 , x =0 2 
 dy   5  1 + tan α  sin2
α
 1  + λx2 , x > 0
dx a + b  x cos  
⇒ =   x = 2 cotα + cosec2α
dy a − b
⇒
Hence, option (b) is correct.  5 x 4 sin  1  − x 3 cos  1  + 10 x, x < 0 = 2 cotα + 1 + cot2 α
    
 1 + x 2 − 1  x  x = (1 + cotα)2 = |1 + cotα |
−1 
f ′ ( x) = 

148 The derivative of tan
   5 x 4 cos   + x 3 sin  1  + 2λx, x > 0
1
3π 
x   x  x Qcotα ∈ (−∞, − 1), for α ∈  , π 
   4 
 2x 1 − x 2  ⇒ ∴y(α) = − (1 + cotα) [Q| x | = − x, for x < 0]
with respect to tan −1   20 x 3 sin  1  − 5 x 2 cos  1  ∴
dy
= − (0 − cosec2α) = cosec2α
 1 − 2x 2    
 x
 
 x
   x<0
dα
1  − 3 x 2 cos  1  + x sin 1 + 10, dy  5π 
at x = is So, = cosec2  
  x x dα α = 5 π  6 
2 [2020, 5 Sep. Shift-II] f ′ ′ ( x) = 
20 x cos   + 5 x sin  

3 1 2 1 6
2 3 3 π π
(a) (b)   x  x
x>0 = cosec2  π −  = cosec2   = (2)2 = 4
5 12   1 1  6 6
 + 3 x sin   − x cos + 2λ,
2
2 3 3  x
(c) (d)  x 152 Let y = y (x) be a function of x
3 10 QIt is given thatf′ ′ (0) exists.
Ans. (d) So, f ′ ′ (0 + ) = f ′ ′ (0 − ) satisfying y 1 − x 2 = k − x 1 − y 2
 1 + x2 – 1  ⇒ 2λ = 10 ⇒ λ = 5 where k is a constant and
Let α = tan–1   . Put x = tanθ
y   = − . Then at x = , is
 x  1 1 dy 1
 
150 Let x k + y k = a k , (a, k > 0) and  2 4 dx 2
secθ – 1 
–1  –1  1 –cosθ 
∴ α = tan   = tan  
1
equal to
 tanθ   sinθ  dy  y  3
+   = 0, then k is 5 5
 2 sin θ /2  dx  x 
2
= tan–1   (a) (b) −
2 2
 2 sinθ /2 cos θ /2  [2020, 7 Jan. Shift-I] 2 5
θ 1 4 3 2 1 (c) (d) −
= tan–1 (tanθ /2) = = tan–1 x (a) (b) (c) (d) 5 4
2 2 3 2 3 3 [2020, 7 Jan. Shift-II]
 Ans. (b) (x + 1)2 x2 + 1 + 2x − 1 − x2 d2 y (−1 − 1)(2 + 1) − (0 − 0)(−0 + 0)
= −1= ∴ =
Given functional relation is 1+ x 2
1+ x 2
dx2 θ =π
2(−1 − 1) 3
2x
y 1 − x2 = k − x 1 − y2 ⇒ f (x) = …(i) for | x | > 1 −2 × 3 3
1 + x2 = =
−2 × 8 8
On differentiating both sides w.r.t. x, we dy 1 d
get and, also given that = (sin−1 (f (x)))   3 cos x + sin x  
2

−2yx
dx 2 dx
155 If 2y = cot −1   ,

+ 1 − x2
dy
⇒ 2y = sin−1 (f (x)) + C   cos x − 3 sin x  

2 1− x 2 dx
(on integrating both sides)
π
x ∈ 0,  then is equal to
2xy
dy dy
 2x 
=0 + dx − 1 − y2 ⇒ 2y = sin−1   + C, for | x | > 1  2 dx
2
2 1− y 2 1+ x  [2019, 8 April Shift-I]
π π π π
dy  xy   2 tan x, −1
|x |≤ 1 (a) − x (b) x − (c) − x (d) 2x −
⇒  1− x −
2
 
2x 6 6 3 3
dx  1 − y2  Q sin−1 =  π − 2 tan−1
x, x> 1
 1 + x2  Ans. (b)
− π − 2 tan−1 x x < 1
 yx   Given expression is
= − 1 − y2  π
 1 − x 2
 Q at x = 3; y = (given)   3 cos x + sin x  
2
6 2y =  cot−1  

π   cos x − 3 sin x  
dy  1 − x 1 − y − xy  ∴ 2 = π − 2 tan−1 ( 3) + C ⇒ C = 0 
2 2
⇒   6 2
dx 
 1− y 2
 Then at x = − 3   3 cot x + 1  
=  cot−1  

  cot x − 3  
xy − 1 − x2 1 − y2 2y = − π − 2 tan−1 (− 3) 
= 2π π
= −π + =− [dividing each term of numerator and
1 − x2
3 3 denominator by sin x]
π
1 − y2 ⇒ y=− 2
⇒
dy
=− 6   cot π cot x + 1  
  
dx 1 − x2 −1
=  cot  6 Qcot π = 3 
Hence, option (b) is correct. 
 π
 cot x − cot    6 
 1 1
Q y  = − (given)   6 
 2 4 154 If x = 2 sinθ − sin2θ and 2
  π 
2 y = 2cosθ − cos2θ, θ∈ [0, 2π], then =  cot−1  cot − x   
1 −  −  16 − 1
1   6 
dy  4 d 2y
∴ =− =− 16 at θ = π is  cot A cot B + 1 
dx x = 1  1
2 4− 1 dx 2 [2020, 9 Jan. Shift-II] Qcot(A − B) = cot B − cot A 
2 1−   4 3 3  2 
 2 (a) − (b)  π  , π
4 4   − x  0 < x <
15 5  6  6
=− =− 3 3 =
2 3 2 (c) − (d) 
 π+  π  
2
π π
8 2   − x  , < x<
6  6 2
153 Let f (x) = (sin(tan −1 x) Ans. (*)
  π + θ, − π < θ < 0 
It is given that x = 2 sinθ − sin2θ Qcot−1 (cotθ) =  θ,
+ sin(cot −1 x)) 2 − 1, | x| > 1. If  0 < θ< π 
and y = 2 cosθ − cos2θ, θ∈ [0, 2 π]  
dy 1 d 
= (sin −1 (f (x)))  θ − π, π < θ < 2 π 
dx 2 dx dy π 2
 π
π ∴
dy dθ −2 sinθ + 2 sin2θ
= =   − x , 0 < x <
and y( 3) = , then y(− 3) is equal 6  6
dx dx 2 cosθ − 2 cos2θ ⇒ 2y = 
6 2
 7 π − x  , π < x < π
dθ  
to [2020, 8 Jan. Shift-I]  6  6 2
sin2θ − sinθ
5π π 2π π =
(a) (b) − (c) (d) cosθ − cos2θ  2 − x  (−1), 0 < x < π
π
 
6 6 3 3 dy   6  6
Ans. (b) d2 y d  dy  d  dy  dθ ⇒2 = 
∴ =  =  × dx 2 7 π − x  (−1), π < x < π
dx2 dx  dx  dθ  dx  dx  
It is given that   6  6 2
f (x) = (sin(tan−1 x) + sin(cot−1 x))2 − 1 d  sin2θ − sinθ  1
2 =  ×  x − π, 0< x< π
     dθ  cosθ − cos2θ  dx dy 
x   ⇒ = 6 6
 sin sin−1   dθ dx x − 7 π , π < x < π
     
 1+ x  
2
=   −1 (cosθ − cos2θ)(2 cos2θ − cosθ)  6 6 2
   1  − (sin2θ − sinθ)(− sinθ + 2 sin2 θ)
 + sin sin−1     =
   1+ x2    (cosθ − cos2θ)2
156 If f (1) = 1, f ′ (1) = 3, then the derivative
 
2
1 of f (f (f (x))) + (f (x)) 2 at x = 1 is
1 ×
=  −1
x
+ (2 cos θ − 2 cos2 θ) [2019, 8 April Shift-II]
 1 + x2 1 + x2 
 (a) 12 (b) 9 (c) 15 (d) 33
  π 
= tan−1 tan x − 
Ans. (d) Given equation is
  4  
Let y = f (f (f (x))) + (f (x))2 e y + xy = e …(i)
On differentiating both sides w.r.t. x, we On differentiating both sides w.r.t. x, we  tan A − tan B 
get Q 1 + tan A tan B = tan (A − B) 
get  
dy dy dy
= f ′ (f (f (x))) ⋅f ′ (f (x)) ⋅f ′ (x) + 2f (x)f ′ (x) ey + x + y =0 …(ii)  π
dx Since, it is given that x ∈  0,  , so
[by chain rule]
dx dx  2
dy  y  π  π π
So,
dy
= f ′ (f (f (1))) ⋅ f ′ (f (1)) ⋅ f ′ (1) + 2f (1) f ′ (1) ⇒ =− y  …(iii) x − ∈ − , 
dx at x = 1 dx  e + x 4  4 4
π π π
∴
dy
= f ′ (f (1)) ⋅f ′ (1) ⋅ (3) + 2(1)(3)
Again differentiating Eq. (ii) w.r.t. ‘x’, we Also, for  x −  ∈  − ,  ,
dx x = 1 get  4  4 4
2
 π  π
[Qf(1) = 1 and f′ (1) = 3]
ey
d2 y  dy 
+ ey   + x 2
d2 y Then, f (x) = tan−1  tan  x −   = x −
= f ′ (1) ⋅ (3) ⋅ (3) + 6 = (3 × 9) + 6 dx 2  dx  dx   4  4
= 27 + 6 = 33 dy dy  −1  π π
+ + = 0 …(iv) Qtan tanθ = θ, for θ ∈  − 2 , 2  
dx dx  
157 Let f (x) = log e (sin x), (0< x < π) and Now, on putting x = 0 in Eq. (i), we get
x
Now, derivative off (x) w.r.t. is
2
g (x) = sin − 1 (e − x ), (x ≥ 0). If α is a ey = e1 ⇒ y = 1 d (f (x)) df (x) d  π
positive real number such that =2 =2× x −  =2
On putting x = 0, y = 1 in Eq. (iii), we get d (x /2) d (x) dx  4
a = (fog) ′ (α) and b = (fog)(α), then dy
=−
1
=−
1
[2019, 10 April Shift-II] dx e+0 e 160 If x = 3 tant and y = 3 sect, then the
(a) aα 2 − bα − a = 0 Now, on putting x = 0, y = 1 and = −
dy 1
(b) aα 2 − bα − a = 1
d 2y π
dx e value of 2 at t = , is
(c) aα 2 + bα − a = − 2α 2 in Eq. (iv), we get dx 4
(d) aα 2 + bα + a = 0 d2 y
2
 d2 y 
e 1 2 + e 1  −  + 0  2 
1 [2019, 9 Jan. Shift-II]
Ans. (b) dx  e  dx  1 1 1 3
(a) (b) (c) (d)
6 6 2 3 2 2 2
Given functions,f (x) = log e (sin x), +  −  +  −  = 0
1 1
(0 < x < π) and g (x) = sin− 1 (e − x ), x ≥ 0.  e  e Ans. (b)
Now, fog (x) = f (g (x)) = f (sin− 1 (e − x )) d y2
1 We have, x = 3 tan t and y = 3 sec t
⇒ =
= log e (sin(sin− 1 (e − x ))) dx2 e2 dy d
(0 , 1) (3 sect)
= log e (e − x ) {Qsin(sin− 1 x) = x, if Clearly,
dy dt
= = dt
 dy d2 y 
x ∈ [− 1, 1]}  , 2  at (0, 1) is  − , 2  .
1 1 dx dx d
So, (3 tant)
=−x …(i)  dx dx   e e  dt dt
d
and (fog) ′ (x) = (− x) = − 1 …(ii) 3 sec t tant tant
dx = = = sint
159 The derivative of 3 sec2 t sec t
According to the question,  sin x − cos x  d2 y d  dy  d  dy  dt
Q a = (fog) ′ (α) = − 1 tan −1   , with respect and =   =  ⋅
[from Eq. (ii)]  sin x + cos x  dx2
dx  dx  dt  dx  dx
 π  d  dy 
to , where  x ∈ 0,   is
and b = (fog) (α) = − (α) [from Eq. (i)] x d
  (sin t)
for a positive real value ‘α’.   2 dt  dx  dt
2 = =
Since, the value ofa = − 1 and b = − α, dx d
[2019, 12 April Shift-II] (3 tan t)
satisfy the quadratic equation (from the dt dt
2 1
given options) (a) 1 (b) (c) (d) 2 cos t cos3 t
3 2 = =
aα2 − bα − a = 1. 3 sec2 t 3
Ans. (d) π
cos3
158 If e + xy = e, the ordered pair
y 2
d y π 4 1
 sin x − cos x  Now, 2  at t =  = =
Let f (x) = tan−1   dx  4 3 3(2 2)
 dy d 2 y   sin x + cos x 
 ,  at x = 0 is equal to =
1
 dx dx 2   tan x − 1 
= tan−1   6 2
[2019, 12 April Shift-I]  tan x + 1  161 If x log e (log e x) − x 2 + y 2 = 4(y > 0),
1 1  1 1 [dividing numerator and dy
(a)  , − 2  (b)  − , 2  then at x = e is equal to
e e   e e   π
denominator by cosx > 0, x ∈  0,   dx
1 1  1 1   2  [2019, 11 Jan. Shift-I]
(c)  , 2  (d)  − , − 2 
e e   e e   π  e (2e − 1)
 tan x − tan  (a) (b)
−1  
Ans. (b) = tan 4 4 + e2 2 4 + e2
 1 +  tan π  (tan x) 
    (1 + 2e ) (1 + 2e )
Key Idea Differentiating the given   4  (c) (d)
equation twice w.r.t. ‘x’. 4 + e2 2 4 + e2
 Ans. (b) x log e 2 x + log e 2
(a) d 2x
We have, x log e (log e x) − x2 + y2 = 4, x 165 is equal to
which can be written as x log e 2 x − log e 2 dy 2 [AIEEE 2011]
(b) −1
y2 = 4 + x2 − x log e (log e x) … (i) x  d2 y   dy 
−3
 d2 y   dy 
−2
(c) x log e 2 x (a) −  2    (b)  2   
Now, differentiating Eq. (i) w.r.t. x, we
 dx   dx   dx   dx 
get (d) log e 2 x
−3 −1
dy
2y = 2x − x
1 1
. − 1⋅log e (log e x) Ans. (b)  d2 y   dy   d2 y 
(c) −  2    (d)  2 
dx log e x x
Given equation is  dx   dx   dx 
[by using product rule of derivative] (2x)2 y = 4⋅ e2 x − 2 y ... (i) Ans. (c)
1
2x − − log e (log e x) On applying ‘log e ’ both sides, we get −1
 dy  log e x dx  dy 
⇒ = … (ii) Here, = 
 dx  2y log e (2x)2 y = log e 4 + log e e2 x − 2 y dy  dx 
Now, at x = e, y2 = 4 + e2 − e log e (log e e) 2y log e (2x) = log e (2)2 + (2x − 2y) On differentiating both sides w.r.t. y, we
[using Eq. (i)] get
[Qlog e nm = mlog e n and log e ef (x ) = f (x)] −2
= 4 + e2 − e log e (1) = 4 + e2 − 0 d2 x  dy  d  dy 
⇒ (2log e (2x) + 2) y = 2x + 2log e (2) =−  ⋅  
= e2 + 4 dy 2  dx  dy  dx 
⇒ y = e2 + 4 [Qy > 0] x + log e 2 −2
⇒ y=  dy  d  dy  dx
1 + log e (2x) =−  ⋅  ⋅
∴ At x = e and y = e + 4, 2
 dx  dy  dx  dx
dy 2e − 1 − 0 2e − 1 On differentiating ‘y’ w.r.t. ‘x’, we get −2
= =  dy  d  dy  dx
2 =−  ⋅ ⋅  ⋅
dx 2 e2 + 4 2 e2 + 4 (1 + log e (2x)) 1 − (x + log e 2)  dx  dx  dx  dy
dy 2x
= −2 −1
[using Eq. (ii)] dx (1 + log e (2x))2  dy  d2 y  dy 
=−  ⋅ ⋅ 
162 Let f : R → R be a function such that 1  dx  dx2  dx 
1 + log e (2x) − 1 − log e 2 −3
f (x) = x + x f ′ (1) + xf ′ ′ (2) + f ′′′ (3), x ∈R
3 2 = x  dy   d2 y 
(1 + log e (2x))2 = −   ⋅  2 
. Then, f (2) equals  dx   dx 
[2019, 10 Jan. Shift-I] So,
(a) 30 (b) − 4 (c) − 2 (d) 8 dy  x log e (2x) − log e 2 
(1 + log e (2x)) 2 =  166 Let y be an implicit function of x
dx  x 
Ans. (c) defined by x 2x − 2x x cot y − 1 = 0.
We have,f (x) = x 3+ x2f ′ (1) + xf ′ ′ (2) + f ′ ′ ′ (3) dy Then, y′ (1) is equal to [AIEEE 2009]
⇒ f ′ (x) = 3x2 + 2xf ′ (1) + f ′ ′ (2) … (i) 164 If y = sec (tan − 1 x), then at x = 1 is (a) − 1 (b) 1
dx
⇒ f ′′(x) = 6x + 2f ′ (1) … (ii) (c) log 2 (d) − log 2
equal to [JEE Main 2013]
⇒ f ′′′(x) = 6 … (iii) 1 1
⇒ f ′′′(3) = 6 (a) (b) Ans. (a)
2 2
Putting x = 1 in Eq. (i), we get (c) 1 (d) 2 x2 x − 2x x cot y − 1 = 0 …(i)
f ′ (1) = 3 + 2f ′ (1) + f ′ ′ (2) … (iv) Ans. (a) Now, x=1
and putting x = 2 in Eq. (ii), we get Given, y = sec (tan− 1 x) ∴ 1 − 2 cot y − 1 = 0
π
f ′ ′ (2) = 12 + 2f ′ (1) …(v) ⇒ cot y = 0 ⇒ y =
2
2
From Eqs. (iv) and (v), we get x On differentiating Eq. (i) w.r.t. x, we get
1+
f ′ (1) = 3 + 2f ′ (1) + (12 + 2f ′ (1)) √ x dy
2x2 x (1 + log x) − 2 [x x (− cosec2 y)
⇒ 3f′ (1) = − 15 dx
θ + cot y x x (1 + log x)] = 0
⇒ f′ (1) = − 5
1  π
⇒ f′ ′ (2) = 12 + 2 (− 5) = 2 At  1,  ,
 2
[using Eq. (v)]
Let tan− 1 x = θ  
∴ f (x) = x 3 + x2f ′ (1) + xf ′ ′ (2) + f ′ ′ ′ (3)   dy  
⇒ x = tanθ 2 (1 + log 1) − 2  1 (− 1)   + 0 = 0
⇒ f (x) = x 3 − 5x2 + 2x + 6   dx   π
 1,  
∴ y = sec θ = 1 + x2   2 
⇒ f(2) = 23 − 5(2)2 + 2(2) + 6
= 8 − 20 + 4 + 6 = − 2  dy 
On differentiating w.r.t. x, we get ⇒ 2+ 2  =0
dy 1  dx   1, π 
= ⋅2x  2
163 For x > 1, if (2x) 2y = 4e 2x − 2y , then dx 2 1 + x2
 dy 
dy ∴   = −1
(1 + log e 2x) 2 is equal to At x = 1,
dy
=
1  dx   1, π 
dx dx 2  2
[2019, 12 Jan. Shift-I]
167 The normal to the curve Ans. (c) n(x + 1 + x2 ) n
y + e y + ...∞
=
x = a (cos θ + θ sin θ), Given that, x=e 1 + x2
y = a (sin θ − θ cos θ) at any point θ is ∴ x=e y+x 2
such that  dy 
[AIEEE 2005]
Taking log on both sides, we get ⇒ (1 + x2 )   = n2 y2 [from Eq. (i)]
(a) it is at a constant distance from the  dx 
log x = ( y + x)
origin. Again differentiating w.r.t. x, we get
On differentiating w.r.t. x, we get
 aπ  dy d2 y  dy 
2
(b) it passes through  , − a . 1 dy dy 1 − x (1 + x2 ) ⋅ 2 ⋅ + 2x   = n2 2y
dy
 2  = +1 ⇒ =
x dx dx x dx dx2  dx  dx
π
(c) it makes angle − θ with the d2 y dy
2 169 If f (x) = x n , then the value of ⇒ (1 + x ) 2 + x =n y 2 2

X-axis. dx dx
(d) it passes through the origin. f ′ (1) f ′ ′ (1) f ′ ′ ′ (1)
f (1) − + − +... + dy
Ans. (a) 1! 2! 3! 171 If sin y = x sin (a + y), then is
Given that, x = a (cos θ + θ sin θ) (−1) f (1)
n n dx
is equal to [AIEEE 2002]
and y = a (sin θ − θ cos θ) n! [AIEEE 2003] 2
sin a sin (a + y)
On differentiating w.r.t.θ respectively, (a) 2 n (b) 2 n − 1 (a) (b)
we get (c) 0 (d) 1 sin2 (a + y) sin a
dx sin2 (a − y)
= a (− sin θ + sin θ + θ cos θ) Ans. (c)
dθ (c) sin a sin2 (a + y) (d)
f (x) = x n ⇒ f(1) = 1 sin a
dx
⇒ = aθ cos θ …(i) f ′ (x) = nx n − 1 ⇒ f ′ (1) = n Ans. (b)
dθ
dy f ′ ′ (x) = n(n − 1) x n − 2 ⇒ f ′ ′ (1) = n(n − 1) Q sin y = x sin (a + y)
and = a (cos θ − cos θ + θ sin θ) … … … … … … …
dθ sin y
… … … … … … … ⇒ x=
dy f n (x) = n(n − 1)(n − 2) ... 2⋅ 1 sin (a + y)
⇒ = aθ sin θ …(ii)
dθ
⇒ f n (1) = n(n − 1)(n − 2) ... 2⋅ 1 On differentiating w.r.t. y, we get
On dividing Eq. (ii) by Eq. (i), we get dx sin (a + y) cos y − sin y cos (a + y)
f ′ (1) f ′ ′ (1) f ′ ′ ′ (1) =
dy Now, f (1) − + − + ... dy sin2 (a + y)
= tanθ 1! 2! 3!
dx dx sin a
(−1) n f n (1) ⇒ =
Since, slope of normal + dy sin2 (a + y)
n!
dx n n(n − 1) n(n − 1)(n − 2) dy sin2 (a + y)
=− = − cotθ = 1− + − ⇒ =
dy 1! 2! 3! dx sin a
So, equation of normal is (−1) n n(n − 1)(n − 2) ... 2 ⋅ 1
+ ... + dy
y − a sin θ + aθ cos θ n! 172 If x y = e x − y , then is equal to
cos θ dx
=− (x − a cosθ − a θ sin θ) [Q(1 − x) n = 1 − nC 1x + nC2 x2
sin θ [AIEEE 2002]
− nC 3 x 3 + ... + (− 1) n nC n ]
⇒ y sin θ − a sin2 θ + aθ cos θ sin θ 1+ x 1 − log x
= ( 1 − 1) = 0
n
(a) (b)
= − x cos θ + a cos2 θ + aθ sin θ cos θ 1 + log x 1 + log x
⇒x cos θ + y sin θ = a 170 If y = (x + 1 + x 2 ) n , then (c) not defined (d)
log x
So, it is always at a constant distance a d 2y dy (1 + log x )2
(1 + x 2 ) 2 + x is equal to Ans. (d)
from origin. dx dx
Since, xy = ex − y
y + e y + ... ∞ dy [AIEEE 2002]
168 If x = e , x > 0, then is (a) n2 y (b) − n2 y (c) − y (d) 2 x2 y
Taking log on both sides, we get
dx y log x = (x − y) log e e
equal to [AIEEE 2004] Ans. (a)
x
x 1 Q y = (x + 1 + x2 ) n …(i) ⇒ y=
(a) (b) 1 + log x
1+ x x On differentiating w.r.t. x, we get
On differentiating w.r.t. x, we get
1− x 1+ x 
(c) (d) 2 x  dy (1 + log x ) − x ⋅ 1 / x log x
= n(x + 1 + x2 ) n − 1 ⋅  1 +
dy
x x = =
dx  2 1 + x2  dx (1 + log x )2 (1 + log x )2
