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Limit and Continuity

1. Use  − δ definition to show that lim (2x − 1) = 3.

x→2

3x + 1
2. Use definition of limit to show that lim = 3.
x→+∞ x − 5

3. Suppose lim f (x) = −∞ and g(x) is bounded. Show that lim (f (x) − g(x)) = −∞.
x→c x→c

4. Compute the following limit.

 
sin(2πx) 1
(a) lim (e) lim x sin
x→1 (x − 1)2 x→0 3x2
arcsin x + 2x
(b) lim    
1
x→0 sin(2x) 2
(f) lim x 1 + 2 + 3 + · · · +
cosh(2x) − 1 x→0 |x|
(c) lim
x→0 x2
cos(sin(arctan x)) − ex
(d) lim+ ln(x) ln(ln(x)) (g) lim
x→1 x→0 sin x

5. Find the following limit, if it exits.

x3 − x (ln x)α
(a) lim (e) lim , α, β ∈ R∗+
x→+∞ 2x4 − x3 + 1 x→+∞ xβ
1 (f) lim e−x lnm x, m>0
(b) lim √ √ x→+∞
x→+∞ x + x + 1 − x2 − x
2
√
xn
(c) lim x + x cos(x) . (g) lim x = 0, n ≥ 0
x→+∞ x→+∞ e
x − 2 sin x √
(d) lim √ . (h) lim xe− x
x→+∞ x + x cos x x→+∞

6. Suppose that lim f (x) = 1 and lim g(x) = ∞, x0 ∈ R ∪ {±∞}. Show that
x→x0 x→x0

lim g(x) (f (x) − 1) = α ∈ R =⇒ lim f (x)g(x) = eα .

x→x0 x→x0

7. Calculate

ln 1 + x + sin2 x − 2xex


(a) lim (1 + 3x)tan x
x→0 (f) lim
 3 4x x→0 arcsin(2x) + x
x + 2x − 1
(b) lim ln sin x
x→+∞ x3 − x2 + x + 7 (g) limπ
1 x→ 2 π − 2x
(c) lim (2x + 3x − 1) x
x→0
asin x − 1

x2 + 1
 (h) lim , a>0
(d) lim x ln x→0 ln(cos x)
x→+∞ x2 + x + 3   x1
 πx cot(πx) πx
(e) lim tan (i) lim tan
x→1 4 x→∞ 2x + 1

8. Suppose f is a periodic function and has limit ` ∈ R at +∞. Show that f is a constant.
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9. Let f : (0, 1] −→ (0, +∞) satisfies lim f (x) + = 2. Show that lim f (x) = 1.
x→0 f (x) x→0

f (x) − f (x/2)
10. Let f : (0, ∞) −→ R satisfies lim f (x) = 0 and lim √ = 1. Show that
x→0 x→0 x

f (x) √
lim √ = 2 + 2.
x→0 x

f (2x) − f (x) f (x)

11. Prove that if lim f (x) = 0 and lim = 0, then lim =0
x→0 x→0 x x→0 x
12. Suppose that f defined on (a, +∞) is bounded on each finite interval (a, b), a < b.
f (x)
Prove that if lim (f (x + 1) − f (x)) = l, then also lim =l
x→+∞ x→+∞ x

13. Let f defined on (a, +∞) be bounded below on each finite interval (a, b), a < b. Show
f (x)
that if lim (f (x + 1) − f (x)) = +∞, then also lim = +∞.
x→+∞ x→+∞ x

14. Find the value of p such that f is continuous function.

 sin(2x) − px , x 6= 0


f (x) = ln(1 + 3x)

1, x=0


15. Study the values of a, b, c ∈ R so that the function f is contunuous where

 x−1
 a (e − 1)
, if x < 1

 x−1


f (x) = c, if x = 1
√
6x − 5 − b




 , if x > 1
x−1

π π
16. Find the value of a and b so that f is continuous on (− , ) where
6 6

 (1 + | sin x|)a/| sin x| , −π/6 < x < 0



f (x) = b, x=0
etan 2x/ tan 3x 0 < x < π/6


17. What is the value should be assigned to f at x = a so that it is continuous everywhere,

where
 x tan( πx
2a )
f (x) = 2 − , x 6= a.
a
18. Let f : R → R be a bounded function and g : R → R is a continuous function. Show
that f ◦ g and g ◦ f are bounded.

19. Let f (x) = xex − 1 and g(x) = x + 2. Show that there exists x0 ∈ R such that

f (x0 ) + g(x0 ) = 100

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20. Let f (x) = 3x2 + 2x + 4 and g(x) = x2 + 7. Show that there exists x0 ∈ [0, 1] such that
f (x0 ) = g(x0 ).

21. Show that the equation x3 + x2 − 4x + 1 = 0 has three different real roots.

22. Assume that f, g : [a, b] → R are continuous and such that

f (a) < g(a) and f (b) > g(b)

Prove that there exists x0 ∈ (a, b) for which f (x0 ) = g (x0 )

23. Let f : [a, b] → [a, b] be a continuous function. Show that there exists x0 ∈ [a, b] such
that f (x0 ) = x0 .

24. Let f, g : [a; b] → [a, b] be two continuous function such that

f ◦g =g◦f

Show that there exists x0 ∈ [a; b] such that f (x0 ) = g(x0 ).

25. Let f, g : [0, 1] → R be continuous function such that f (0) = g(1) = 0 and f (1) =
g(0) = 1. Show that

∀λ ∈ R+ , ∃ x ∈ [0, 1], f (x) = λg(x)

26. A function f : (a, b) → R is continuous. Prove that, given x1 , x2 , . . . , xn in (a, b), there
exists x0 ∈ (a, b) such that
1
f (x0 ) = [f (x1 ) + f (x2 ) + · · · + f (xn )].
n

27. For a0 < b0 < a1 < b1 < · · · < an < bn , show that all roots P (x) = 0 are real numbers
where n n
Y Y
P (x) = (x + ak ) + 2 (x + bk )
k=0 k=0

28. Let x1 , x2 , . . . , xn ∈ [0, 1]. Show that

n
1X 1
∃ x ∈ [0, 1], |x − xk | =
n k=1 2

29. Show that the function f (x) = 2x + 3 is uniformly continuous on R.

30. Show that the function f (x) = ex is uniformly continuous on [0, 1].

31. Show that the function f (x) = x2 is uniformly continuous on [0, α], α ∈ R, but it is
not uniformly continuous on R.