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Analysis 1 Examples 2

1. The document contains 14 analysis problems related to sequences, functions, continuity, derivatives, and equations. Some of the problems ask to prove properties about specific functions, while others ask more conceptual questions about sequences, continuity, derivatives, and the intermediate value property.

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37 views2 pages

Analysis 1 Examples 2

1. The document contains 14 analysis problems related to sequences, functions, continuity, derivatives, and equations. Some of the problems ask to prove properties about specific functions, while others ask more conceptual questions about sequences, continuity, derivatives, and the intermediate value property.

Uploaded by

Hasufin
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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ANALYSIS 1 EXAMPLES SHEET 2

Lent Term 2015 W. T. G.

1. Let (an ) and (bn ) be two real sequences. Suppose that (an ) is a subsequence of (bn ) and
(bn ) is a subsequence of (an ). Suppose also that (an ) converges. Does it follow that they
are the same sequence?

2. Let H : R → R be defined as follows: if x < 0 then H(x) = 0 and if x ≥ 0 then


H(x) = 1. Prove carefully that H is not continuous (i) by directly using the definition of
continuity and (ii) by using the sequence definition.

3. Suppose that f (x) → ` as x → a and g(y) → k as y → `. Does it follow that


g(f (x)) → k as x → a?

4. For each natural number n, let fn : [0, 1] → [0, 1] be a continuous function, and for each
n let hn be defined by hn (x) = max{f1 (x), . . . , fn (x)}. Show that for each n the function
hn is continuous on [0, 1]. Must the function h defined by h(x) = sup{fn (x) : n ∈ N} be
continuous?

5. Let g : [0, 1] → [0, 1] be a continuous function. Prove that there exists some c ∈ [0, 1]
such that g(c) = c. Such a c is called a fixed point of g.
Give an example of a bijection h : [0, 1] → [0, 1] with no fixed point.
Give an example of a continuous bijection p : (0, 1) → (0, 1) with no fixed point.

6. Prove that the function q(x) = 2x5 + 3x4 + 2x + 16 (defined on the reals) takes the value
0 exactly once, and that the number where it takes that value is somewhere in the interval
[−2, −1].

7. Prove rigorously that there are exactly nine solutions to the simultaneous equations
x = 1000(y 3 − y) and y = 1000(x3 − x). That is, prove that there are exactly nine ordered
pairs (x, y) such that the two equations are satisfied.

8. Let f : [0, 1] → R be continuous, with f (0) = f (1) = 0. Suppose that for every
x ∈ (0, 1) there exists δ > 0 such that both x + δ and x − δ belong to (0, 1) and f (x) =
1
2
(f (x − δ) + f (x + δ)). Prove that f (x) = 0 for every x ∈ [0, 1].
1
2 ANALYSIS 1 EXAMPLES SHEET 2

9. Define a function f : R → R as follows. If x is irrational, then f (x) = 0, while if x


is rational, then f (x) = 1/q, where q is the denominator of x. (That is, x = p/q, with
p and q coprime integers and q > 0.) Prove that f is continuous at every irrational and
discontinuous at every rational.
10. Let f : [a, b] → R be continuous on [a, b] and differentiable on (a, b). Which of the
following statements are always true and which are sometimes false?
(i) If f is increasing, then f 0 (x) ≥ 0 for every x ∈ (a, b).
(ii) If f 0 (x) ≥ 0 for every x ∈ (a, b), then f is increasing.
(iii) If f is strictly increasing, then f 0 (x) > 0 for every x ∈ (a, b).
(iv) If f 0 (x) > 0 for every x ∈ (a, b), then f is strictly increasing.
11. (i) Let g : R → R be a differentiable function such that g(0) = g 0 (0) = 0 and g 00 (0)
exists and is positive. Prove that there exists x > 0 such that g(x) > 0.
(ii) Let f : R → R be a differentiable function such that f (0) = 0, and f 00 (0) exists and
is positive. Prove that there exists x > 0 such that f (2x) > 2f (x).
12. Let f : R → R be differentiable everywhere. Prove that if f 0 (x) → ` as x → ∞, then
f (x)/x → `. If f (x)/x → ` as x → ∞, does it follow that f 0 (x) → `?
13. Find a function f : R → R that takes every value in every interval. That is, for every
a < b and every t there should exist x ∈ (a, b) such that f (x) = t.
14. Let f : R → R be a function that has the intermediate value property: that is, if
f (a) < c < f (b) then there exists x ∈ (a, b) such that f (x) = c. Suppose also that for
every rational r the set Sr = {x : f (x) = r} is closed. (This means that if (xn ) is any
convergent sequence in Sr , then its limit also belongs to Sr .) Prove that f is continuous.

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