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Reseach Variables, Frameworks and Definition of Terms

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John Rex Villanueva
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12 views17 pages

Reseach Variables, Frameworks and Definition of Terms

Uploaded by

John Rex Villanueva
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Types of Research Variables

1. Independent Variable (IV):


The variable that is manipulated or controlled by the researcher to observe its effect on the
dependent variable.
Example: In a study examining the effect of a teaching method on student performance, the
teaching method (e.g., traditional vs. mobile-assisted language teaching) is the independent
variable.
2. Dependent Variable (DV):
The variable that is measured in the study; it is affected by changes in the independent
variable.
Example: In the same study, student performance (e.g., test scores or language competency)
is the dependent variable, as it depends on the teaching method used.
3. Moderating Variable:
A variable that influences the strength or direction of the relationship between the
independent and dependent variables.
Example: In research on teaching methods and student performance, the moderating
variable could be student motivation, which may affect how the teaching method impacts
performance.
Types of Research Variables Cont.
4. Mediating Variable:
A variable that explains the mechanism or process through which the independent variable
affects the dependent variable.
Example: In a study on the impact of educational apps on language skills, student
engagement might be a mediating variable, explaining how the use of the app leads to
improved skills.
5. Control Variable:
A variable that is held constant to prevent it from influencing the outcome, allowing a clearer
examination of the relationship between the IV and DV.
Example: In a language study, controlling for variables like the age or educational background
of students ensures that differences in language skills aren’t due to these factors.
6. Extraneous Variable:
Variables that are not the focus of the study but could affect the DV if not controlled, potentially
introducing error or bias.
Example: If the study is conducted at different times of day, time could be an extraneous
variable if it impacts student alertness and thus performance.
Types of Research Variables
Cont.
7. Confounding Variable:
An extraneous variable that varies systematically with the IV,
potentially obscuring the true effect of the IV on the DV.
Example: If a study on study methods includes only students from a
specific grade, grade level could confound results if it's related both to
the method used and to student performance.
8. Intervening Variable:
Similar to a mediating variable, it represents an underlying process that
occurs between the IV and DV.
•Example: In a study on instructional design and student
comprehension, mental processing time could be an intervening
variable that impacts how well the students understand the material.
DEFINITION OF TERMS

1.Conceptual definition - is the meaning


of the term that is based on how it is
defined in the dictionary or
encyclopedia.
2.Operational definition - is the meaning
of the term based on how it was used in
the study.
Examples of Writing the
Definition of Terms
1. Conceptual definition
Face to face. It is when the people involved are being
close together and looking directly at each other
(https://bit.ly/2L2IuML).
Module. It is any in a series of standardized units used
together, such as an educational unit that covers a
single subject or topic (https://bit.ly/380jv5X).
Online. It is controlled by or connected to another
computer or network (https://bit.ly/3aUatJA).
Examples of Writing the Definition
of Terms (Cont.)
2. Operational definition
Face to face. This refers to one of the modalities used in learning
delivery in which the teacher and students should be in the same
place or setting, such as the classroom.
Module. Teaching modules are guides of the topics and lessons of a
specific subject given to students under the modular method. It is
also an alternative distance learning delivery in which students are
required to read and answer the activities specified in the module.
Online. It refers to another form of distance learning wherein the
teacher and students will have their lessons using internet
connectivity.
Benefits of Having Definition of
Terms
1. It is a useful place to include technical terms in the topic
of the research questions.
2. It can clarify the definition of term, especially if it has a
different meaning. Define the term according to how it was
used in the study.
3. It makes it easier to revisit or check the meaning of a term
instead of trying to locate it through the paper.
4. Helps to ensure that the reader can understand the
technical terminologies and jargons while reading the paper.
Guidelines on How to Write the
Definition of Terms
1. Write a brief introductory statement. It must shortly
describe the content of the definition of terms.
2. List/write the words/terms (which are technical)
that would be included (make sure that the variables
and key terms found in the title are included).
3. The terms should be arranged alphabetically.
4. Indention should be applied to each term.
5. The term should be followed with a period.
Guidelines on How to Write the
Definition of Terms
6. It can be underlined or not.
7. It can be bold and italic or not.
8. It does not have to be lengthy (direct to the point)
9. Acronym/initials should be defined clearly. Complete name should be
written first,
followed by the acronym/initials in open-close parenthesis, then the
definition/meaning.
10. Do not overflow with technical terms (only those relevant and
significant to the study).
11. Keep the definition brief and basic. You will elaborate on it more in the
body of your
paper.
Activity: Writing Definitions
A. Define at least five (5) key B. Using the terms in your
terms in your research study conceptual definition, define
according to a conceptual them according to an
definition. Write your operational definition. Write
answers to the space your answers to the space
provided or on a separate provided or on a separate paper.
paper. 1. __________________
1. __________________ 2. __________________
2. __________________ 3. __________________
3. __________________ 4. __________________
4. __________________ 5. __________________
5. __________________

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