NCERT Solutions Class 11 Maths Chapter 6

Linear Inequalities
Question 1:
Solve when
(i) x is a natural number (ii) x is an integer

Solution:
The given inequality is

[Dividing both sides by same positive number]

(i) It is evident that and 4 are the only natural numbers less than
Thus, when x is a natural number, the solutions of the given inequalities are and 4
Hence, in this case, the solution set is .

(ii) The integer less than are .

Thus, when x is an integer, the solutions of the given inequality are
Hence, in this case, the solution set is

Question 2:
Solve , when
(i) x is a natural number (ii) x is an integer

Solution:
The given inequality is

[Dividing both sides by same negative number]

(i) There is no natural number less than .

Thus, when x is a natural number, there is no solution of the given inequality.
(ii) The integer less than are .
Thus, when x is an integer, the solutions of the given inequality are
Hence, in this case, the solution set is .

Question 3:
Solve , when
(i) x is an integer (ii) x is a real number

Solution:
The given inequality is .

(i) The integers less than 2 are .

Thus, when x is an integer, the solutions of the given inequality are
Hence, in this case, the solution set is

(ii) When x is a real number, the solutions of the given inequality are given by that is
all real numbers x which are less than 2.
Thus, the solution set of the given inequality is .

Question 4:
Solve , when
(i) x is an integer (ii) x is a real number

Solution:
The given inequality is
(i) The integers greater than are
Thus, when x is an integer, the solutions of the given inequality are
Hence, in this case, the solution set is .

(ii) When x is a real number, the solutions of the given of the inequality are all the real
numbers, which are greater than -2.
Thus, in this case the solution set is .

Question 5:
Solve the given inequality for real

Solution:

Thus, all real numbers x, which are greater than , are the solutions of the given inequality.
Hence, the solution set of the given inequality is .

Question 6:
Solve the given inequality for real

Solution:
Thus, all real numbers x, which are less than , are the solutions of the given inequality.
Hence, the solution set of the given inequality is

Question 7:
Solve the given inequality for real

Solution:

Thus, all real numbers x, which are less than or equal to , are the solutions of the given
inequality.

Hence, the solution set of the given inequality is

Question 8:
Solve the given inequality for real

Solution:

Thus, all real numbers x, which are less than or equal to 4, are the solutions of the given
inequality.

Hence, the solution set of the given inequality is

Question 9:

Solve the given inequality for real

Solution:

Thus, all real numbers x, which are less than 6, are the solutions of the given inequality.

Hence, the solution set of the given inequality is .

Question 10:

Solve the given inequality for real

Solution:

Thus, all real numbers x, which are less than , are the solutions of the given inequality.

Hence, the solution set of the given inequality is

Question 11:

Solve the given inequality for real

Solution:

Thus, all real numbers x, which are less than or equal to 2, are the solutions of the given
inequality.

Hence, the solution set of the given inequality is

Question 12:

Solve the given inequality for real

Solution:

Thus, all real numbers x, which are less than or equal to 120, are the solutions of the given
inequality.
Hence, the solution set of the given inequality is

Question 13:
Solve the given inequality for real

Solution:

Thus, all real numbers x, which are greater than 4, are the solutions of the given inequality.

Hence, the solution set of the given inequality is .

Question 14:

Solve the given inequality for real

Solution:

Thus, all real numbers x, which are less than or equal to 2, are the solutions of the given
inequality.
Hence, the solution set of the given inequality is

Question 15:

Solve the given inequality for real

Solution:

Thus, all real numbers x, which are greater than 4, are the solutions of the given inequality.

Hence, the solution set of the given inequality is

Question 16:

Solve the given inequality for real

Solution:

Thus, all real numbers x, which are less than or equal to 2, are the solutions of the given
inequality.
Hence, the solution set of the given inequality is

Question 17:
Solve the given inequality and show the graph of the solution on number line:

Solution:

Hence, the solution set of the given inequality is

The graphical representation of the solutions of the given inequality is as follows:

Question 18:
Solve the given inequality and show the graph of the solution on number line:

Solution:

Hence, the solution set of the given inequality is

The graphical representation of the solutions of the given inequality is as follows:

Question 19:
Solve the given inequality and show the graph of the solution on number line:

Solution:

Hence, the solution set of the given inequality is

The graphical representation of the solution of the inequality is as follows:

Question 20:
Solve the given inequality and show the graph of the solution on number line:

Solution:

Hence, the solution set of the given inequality is

The graphical representation of the solution of the given inequality is as follows:

Question 21:
Ravi obtained 70 and 75 marks in first two-unit test. Find the minimum marks he should get
in the third test to have an average of at least 60 marks.

Solution:
Let x be the marks obtained by Ravi in the third unit test.
Since the students should have an average of at least 60 marks,

Thus, the student must obtain a minimum of 35 marks to have an average of at least 60 marks.
Question 22:
To receive Grade ‘A’ in a course, one must obtain an average of 90 marks or more in five
examinations (each of 100 marks). If Sunita’s marks in first four examinations are 87, 92, 94
and 95, find minimum marks that Sunita must obtain in fifth examination to get grade ‘A’ in
the course.

Solution:
Let x be the marks obtained by Sunita in the fifth examination.
In order to receive grade ‘A’ in the course, she must obtain an average of 90 marks or more in
five examinations.
Therefore,

Thus, Sunita must obtain a minimum of 82 marks in the fifth examination

Question 23:
Find all pairs of consecutive odd positive integers both of which are smaller than 10 such that
their sum is more than 11.

Solution:
Let x be the smaller of the two consecutive odd positive integers. Then, the other integer is

Since both the integers are smaller than 10,

Also, the sum of the two integers is more than 11.

Therefore,
From (1) and (2), we obtain

Since x is an odd positive integer, then values of x are 5 and 7.

When , the pair is and when , the pair is

Thus, the required possible pairs are and .

Question 24:
Find all pairs of consecutive even positive integers, both of which are larger than 5 such that
their sum is less than 23.

Solution:
Let x be the smaller of the two consecutive even positive integers, then the other integer is

Since both the integers are larger than 5,

Also, the sum of the two integers is less than 23

From (1) and (2), we obtain

Since x is an even positive integer, then values of x are 6, 8 and 10.

When , the pair is
When , the pair is
When , the pair is

Thus, the required possible pairs are , and .

Question 25:
The longest side of a triangle is 3 times the shortest side and the third side is 2 cm shorter than
the longest side. If the perimeter of the triangle is at least 61 cm, find the minimum length of
the shortest side.

Solution:
Let the length of the shortest side of the triangle in cm be x.
Then, length of the longest side in cm
Length of the third side in cm

Since the perimeter of the triangle is at least 61 cm,

Therefore,

Thus, the minimum length of the shortest side is 9 cm.

Question 26:

A man wants to cut three lengths from a single piece of board of length 91 cm. The second
length is to be 3 cm longer than the shortest and the third length is to be twice as long as the
shortest. What are the possible lengths of the shortest board if the third piece is to be at least 5
cm longer than the second?
[Hint: If x is the length of the shortest board, then and are the length of the second
and third piece, respectively. Thus and ]
Solution:
Let the length of the shortest piece in cm be x.
Then, the length of second and third piece in cm are and respectively.

Since the three lengths are to be cut from a single piece of board of length 91 cm.

Also, the third piece is at least 5 cm longer than the second piece.

From (1) and (2), we obtain

Thus, the possible length of the shortest board is greater than or equal to 8 cm but less than or
equal to 22 cm.
 EXERCISE 6.2
Question 1:
Solve the given inequality graphically in two-dimensional plane:

Solution:
The graphical representation of is given as dotted line in the figure below.
This line divides the xy-plane in two planes I and II

Select a point (not on the line), which lies in one of the half planes, to determine whether the
point satisfies the given inequality or not.

We select the point as .

It is observed that,
or which is true

Therefore, half plane II is not the solution region of the given inequality. Also, it is evident
that any point on the line does not satisfy the given strict inequality.

Thus, the solution region of the given inequality is the shaded half plane I excluding the points
on the line.

This can be represented as follows:

Question 2:
Solve the given inequality graphically in two-dimensional plane: .

Solution:
The graphical representation of is given in the figure below.
This line divides the xy-plane in two half planes, I and II.

Select a point (not on the line), which lies in one of the half planes, to determine whether the
point satisfies the given inequality or not.

We select the point as .

It is observed that,
or which is false

Therefore, half plane I is not the solution region of the given inequality. Also, it is evident that
any point on the line satisfies the given inequality.

Thus, the solution region of the given inequality is the shaded half plane II including the points
on the line.

This can be represented as follows:

Question 3:
Solve the given inequality graphically in two-dimensional plane: .

Solution:
The graphical representation of is given in the figure below.
This line divides the xy-plane in two half planes, I and II.

Select a point (not on the line), which lies in one of the half planes, to determine whether the
point satisfies the given inequality or not.

We select the point as .

It is observed that,
or which is true

Thus, the solution region of the given inequality is the shaded half plane I, including the points
on the line.
This can be represented as follows:

Question 4:
Solve the given inequality graphically in two-dimensional plane:

Solution:
The graphical representation of is given in the figure below.
This line divides the xy-plane in two half planes.

Select a point (not on the line), which lies in one of the half planes, to determine whether the
point satisfies the given inequality or not.

We select the point as .

It is observed that,
or which is true

Therefore, lower half plane is not the solution region of the given inequality. Also, it is evident
that any point on the line satisfies the given inequality.

Thus, the solution region of the given inequality is the upper half plane containing the points
including the line.

The solution region is represented by the shaded region as follows:

Question 5:
Solve the given inequality graphically in two-dimensional plane:

Solution:
The graphical representation of is given in the figure below.
This line divides the xy-plane in two half planes.

Select a point (not on the line), which lies in one of the half planes, to determine whether the
point satisfies the given inequality or not.

We select the point as .

It is observed that,

or which is true

Therefore, the lower half plane is not the solution region of the given inequality. Also, any
point on the line satisfies the given inequality.

Thus, the solution region of the given inequality is the upper half plane containing the points
including the line.

The solution region is represented by the shaded region as follows:

Question 6:
Solve the given inequality graphically in two-dimensional plane:

Solution:
The graphical representation of is given as dotted line in the figure below.
This line divides the xy-plane in two half planes.

Select a point (not on the line), which lies in one of the half planes, to determine whether the
point satisfies the given inequality or not.

We select the point as .

It is observed that,
or , which is false

Therefore, the upper half plane is not the solution region of the given inequality. Also, any
point on the line does not satisfy the given inequality.

Thus, the solution region of the given inequality is the lower half plane that does not contain
the points including the line.

The solution region is represented by the shaded region as follows:

Question 7:
Solve the given inequality graphically in two-dimensional plane:

Solution:
The graphical representation of is given in the figure below.
This line divides the xy-plane in two half planes.

Select a point (not on the line), which lies in one of the half planes, to determine whether the
point satisfies the given inequality or not.

We select the point as .

It is observed that
or which is true

Therefore, the lower half plane is not the solution region of the given inequality. Also, it is
evident that any point on the line satisfies the given inequality.
Thus, the solution region of the given inequality is the half plane containing the points
including the line.

The solution region is represented by the shaded region as follows:

Question 8:
Solve the given inequality graphically in two-dimensional plane:

Solution:
The graphical representation of is given as dotted line in the figure below. This
line divides the xy-plane in two half planes.

Select a point (not on the line), which lies in one of the half planes, to determine whether the
point satisfies the given inequality or not.

We select the point as .

It is observed that,
or which is true

Therefore, the upper half plane is not the solution region of the given inequality. Also, it is
evident that any point on the line does not satisfy the given inequality.

Thus, the solution region of the given inequality is the half plane containing the point excluding
the line.
The solution region is represented by the shaded region as follows:

Question 9:
Solve the given inequality graphically in two-dimensional plane:

Solution:
The graphical representation of is given as dotted line the figure below. This line
divides the xy-plane in two half planes.

Select a point (not on the line), which lies in one of the half planes, to determine whether the
point satisfies the given inequality or not.

We select the point as .

It is observed that,
which is false

Also, it is evident that any point on the line does not satisfy the given inequality.

Hence, every point below the line, (excluding all the points on the line), determine the
solution of the given inequality.
The solution region is represented by the shaded region as follows:

Question 10:
Solve the given inequality graphically in two-dimensional plane:

Solution:
The graphical representation of is given as dotted line in the figure below. This line
divides the xy-plane in two half plates.

Select a point (not on the line), which lies in one of the half planes, to determine whether the
point satisfies the given inequality or not.

We select the point as .

It is observed that,
which is true
Also, it is evident that any point on the line does not satisfy the given inequality.
Hence, every point on the right side of the line, (excluding all the points on the line),
determines the solution of the given inequality.

The solution region is represented by the shaded region as follows:

 EXERCISE 6.3
Question 1:
Solve the following system of inequality graphically:

Solution:

The graph of the lines, and are drawn in the figure below.

Inequality represents the region on the right hand side of the line, (including the
line ), and inequality represents the region above the line, (including the line
).

Hence, the solution of the given system of linear inequalities is represented by the common
shaded region including the points on the respective lines as follow:

Question 2:
Solve the following system of inequalities graphically:
Solution:

The graphs of the lines, and are drawn in the figure below.

Inequality represents the region below the line (including the line
).
Inequality represents the region on the right hand side of the line , (including the
line ).
Inequality represents the region above the line, (including the line ).

Hence, the solution of the given system of linear inequalities is represented by the common
shaded region including the points on the respective lines as follows:

Question 3:
Solve the following system of inequalities graphically:

Solution:
The graphs of the lines, and are drawn in the figure below.
Inequality represents the region below the line, (including the line
).
Inequality represents the region on the right hand side of the line,
(including the line ).

Hence, the solution of the given system of linear inequalities is represented by the common
shaded region including the points on the respective lines as follows:

Question 4:

Solve the following system of inequalities graphically:

Solution:
The graphs of the lines, and are drawn in the figure below.
Inequality represents the region above the line, (including the line
).

It is observed that satisfies the inequality, . Since,

Therefore, Inequality represents the half plane corresponding to the line , ,
containing the point (1,0) (excluding the line ).

Hence, the solution of the given system of linear inequalities is represented by the common
shaded region including the points on the line and excluding the points on line
as follows.

Question 5:
Solve the following system of inequalities graphically:

Solution:

The graphs of the lines, and are drawn in the figure below.

Inequality represents the region below the line, (excluding the line
).
Inequality represents the region on the right hand side of the line,
(excluding the line ).
Hence, the solution of the given system of linear inequalities is represented by the common
shaded region excluding the points on the respective lines as follows:

Question 6:
Solve the following system of inequalities graphically:

Solution:

The graphs of the lines, and are drawn in the figure below.

Inequality represents the region below the line, (including the line
).
Inequality represents the region on the right hand side of the line, (including
the line ).

Hence, the solution of the given system of linear inequalities is represented by the common
shaded region including the points on the respective lines as follows:
Question 7:
Solve the following system of inequalities graphically:

Solution:

The graphs of the lines, and are drawn in the figure below.

Inequality represents the region below the line, (including the line).
Inequality represents the region on the right hand side of the line,
(including the line).

Hence, the solution of the given system of linear inequalities is represented by the common
shaded region including the points on the respective lines as follows:
Question 8:
Solve the following system of the inequalities graphically:

Solution:

The graph of the lines, and , are drawn in the figure below.

Inequality represents the region below the line, (including the line ).

It is observed that satisfies the inequality, . Since, .

Therefore, inequality represents the half plane, corresponding to the line, ,
containing the point , (excluding the line ).

Inequality represents the region on the right hand side of the line, or y-axis
(including the y-axis).
Hence, the solution of the given system of linear inequalities is represented by the common
shaded region including the points on the lines, and , but excluding the points
on line as follows:

Question 9:
Solve the following system of inequalities graphically:

Solution:

The graph of the lines, , and , are drawn in the figure below.

Inequality represents the region below the line, (including the line
).
Inequality represents the region below the line, (including the line ).
Inequality represents the region below the line, (including the line ).
Hence, the solution of the given system of linear inequalities is represented by the common
shaded region including the points on the respective lines as follows:

Question 10:
Solve the following system of inequalities graphically:

Solution:

The graph of the lines, and , are drawn in the figure below.

Inequality represents the region below the line, (including the line
).

Inequality represents the region the line, (including the line

).

Since and every point in the common shaded region in the first quadrant including
the points on the respective line and the axes represents the solution of the given system of
linear inequalities as follows:
Question 11:
Solve the following system of inequalities graphically:

Solution:

The graph of the lines, , and , are drawn in the figure below.

Inequality represents the region above the line, (including the line).
Inequality represents the region below the line, (including the line).
Inequality represents the region above the line, (including the line).

Hence, the solution of the given system of linear inequalities is represented by the common
shaded region including the points on the respective lines as follows:
Question 12:
Solve the following system of inequalities graphically:

Solution:

The graphs of the lines, , and are drawn in the figure below.

Inequality represents the region above the line, (including the line).
Inequality represents region above the line, (including the line).
Inequality represents the region above the line, (including the line).
Inequality represents the region on the right and side of y-axis (including y-axis).

Hence, the solution of the given system of linear inequalities is represented by the common
shaded region including the points on the respective lines and y-axis as follows:
Question 13:
Solve the following system of inequalities graphically:

Solution:

The graph of the lines, , , and , are drawn in the figure below.

Inequality represents the region below the line, (including the line
).
Inequality represents the region above the line, (including the line ).
Inequality represents the region on the right hand side of the line, (including the
line ).

Hence, the solution of the given system of linear inequalities is represented by the common
shaded region including the points on the respective lines as follows:
Question 14:
Solve the following system of inequalities graphically:

Solution:

The graph of the lines , and , are drawn in the figure below.

Inequality represents the region below the line, (including the line
).
Inequality represents the region below the line, (including the line
).
Inequality represents the region on the left hand side the line, (including the line
).
Since and , every point in the common shaded region in the first quadrant including
the points on the respective lines and the axes represents the solution of the given system of
linear inequalities as follows:

Question 15:
Solve the following system of inequalities graphically:

Solution:

The graph of the lines, , and are drawn in the figure below.

Inequality represents the region below the line, (including the line
).
Inequality represents the region above the line, (including the line ).
Inequality (3) represents the region above the line, (including the line ).
Since and , every point in the common shaded region in the first quadrant including
the points on the respective lines and the axes represents the solution of the given system of
linear inequalities as follows:
 MISCELLANEOUS EXERCISE
Question 1:
Solve the inequality

Solution:

Thus, all the real numbers, x, which are greater than or equal to 2 but less than or equal to 3,
are the solutions of the given inequality.
The solution set for the given inequality is .

Question 2:
Solve the inequality

Solution:

Thus, the solution set for the given inequality is .

Question 3:

Solve the inequality

Solution:

Thus, the solution set for the given inequality is .

Question 4:

Solve the inequality

Solution:

Thus, the solution set for the given inequality is

Question5:

Solve the inequality

Solution:
Thus, the solution set for the given inequality is .
Question 6:

Solve the inequality

Solution:

Thus, the solution set for the given inequality is .

Question 7:
Solve the inequalities and represent the solution graphically on number line.

Solution:

From (1) and (2), we get,

Hence, it can be concluded that the solution set for the given system of inequalities is .

The solution of the given system of inequalities can be represented on number line as
Question 8:
Solve the inequalities and represent the solution graphically on number line:

Solution:

From (1) and (2), we get,

Hence, it can be concluded that the solution set for the given system of inequalities is .

The solution of the given system of inequalities can be represented on number line as

Question 9:

Solve the inequalities and represent the solution graphically on number line:

Solution:
From (1) and (2), we get,

Hence, it can be concluded that the solution set for the given system of inequalities is .

The solution of the given system of inequalities can be represented on number line as

Question 10:
Solve the inequalities and represent the solution graphically on number line:

Solution:

From (1) and (2), we get,

Hence, it can be concluded that the solution set for the given system of inequalities is .

The solution of the given system of inequalities can be represented on number line as
Question 11:
A solution is to be kept between and . What is the range in temperature in degree

Celsius (C) if the Celsius / Fahrenheit (F) conversion formula is given by

Solution:
Since the solution is to be kept between and ,

Putting , we obtain

Thus, the required range of temperature in degree Celsius is between and .

Question 12:
A solution of 8% boric acid is to be diluted by adding a 2% boric acid solution to it. The
resulting mixture is to be more than 4% but less than 6% boric acid. If we have 640 litres of
the 8% solution, how many litres of the 2% solution will have to be added?

Solution:
Let x litres of 2% boric acid solution is required to be added.
Then, total mixture litres
This resulting mixture is to be more than 4% but less than 6% boric acid.

Therefore, and
From (1) and (2), we get,

Thus, the number of litres of 2% of boric acid solution that is to be added will have to be more
than 320 litres but less than 1280 litres.

Question 13:
How many litres of water will have to be added to 1125 litres of the 45% solution of acid so
that the resulting mixture will contain more than 25% but less than 30% acid content?

Solution:
Let x litres of water is required to be added.
Then, total mixture litres
It is evident that the amount of acid contained in the resulting mixture is 45% of 1125 litres.
This resulting mixture will contain more than 25% but less than 30% acid content.

Therefore, and
From (1) and (2), we get,

Thus, the required number of litres of water that is to be added will have to be more than 562.5
litres but less than 900 litres.

Question 14:
IQ of a person is given by the formula

where MA is mental age and CA is chronological age. If for a group of 12 years

old children, find the range of their mental age.

Solution:
It is given that for a group of 12 years old children,

For a group of 12 years old children, years

Therefore,

Putting this value of IQ in (1), we obtain

Thus, the range of mental age of the group of 12 years old children is .