Class XI : Maths

Chapter 5 : Linear Equations

Questions and Solutions | Exercise 5.1 - NCERT Books

Question 1:
Solve 24x < 100, when (i) x is a natural number (ii) x is an integer
Answer
The given inequality is 24x < 100.

(i) It is evident that 1, 2, 3, and 4 are the only natural numbers less than .
Thus, when x is a natural number, the solutions of the given inequality are 1, 2, 3, and
4.
Hence, in this case, the solution set is {1, 2, 3, 4}.

(ii) The integers less than are …–3, –2, –1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4.

Thus, when x is an integer, the solutions of the given inequality are
…–3, –2, –1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4.
Hence, in this case, the solution set is {…–3, –2, –1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4}.

Question 2:
Solve –12x > 30, when
(i) x is a natural number (ii) x is an integer
Answer
The given inequality is –12x > 30.

(i) There is no natural number less than .

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 Thus, when x is a natural number, there is no solution of the given inequality.

(ii) The integers less than are …, –5, –4, –3.

Thus, when x is an integer, the solutions of the given inequality are
…, –5, –4, –3.
Hence, in this case, the solution set is {…, –5, –4, –3}.

Question 3:
Solve 5x– 3 < 7, when
(i) x is an integer (ii) x is a real number
Answer
The given inequality is 5x– 3 < 7.

(i) The integers less than 2 are …, –4, –3, –2, –1, 0, 1.
Thus, when x is an integer, the solutions of the given inequality are
…, –4, –3, –2, –1, 0, 1.
Hence, in this case, the solution set is {…, –4, –3, –2, –1, 0, 1}.
(ii) When x is a real number, the solutions of the given inequality are given by x < 2,
that is, all real numbers x which are less than 2.
Thus, the solution set of the given inequality is x ∈ (–∞, 2).

Question 4:
Solve 3x + 8 > 2, when
(i) x is an integer (ii) x is a real number
Answer
The given inequality is 3x + 8 > 2.

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 (i) The integers greater than –2 are –1, 0, 1, 2, …
Thus, when x is an integer, the solutions of the given inequality are
–1, 0, 1, 2 …
Hence, in this case, the solution set is {–1, 0, 1, 2, …}.
(ii) When x is a real number, the solutions of the given inequality are all the real
numbers, which are greater than –2.
Thus, in this case, the solution set is (– 2, ∞).

Question 5:
Solve the given inequality for real x: 4x + 3 < 5x + 7
Answer
4x + 3 < 5x + 7
⇒ 4x + 3 – 7 < 5x + 7 – 7
⇒ 4x – 4 < 5x
⇒ 4x – 4 – 4x < 5x – 4x
⇒ –4 < x
Thus, all real numbers x,which are greater than –4, are the solutions of the given
inequality.
Hence, the solution set of the given inequality is (–4, ∞).

Question 6:
Solve the given inequality for real x: 3x – 7 > 5x – 1
Answer
3x – 7 > 5x – 1
⇒ 3x – 7 + 7 > 5x – 1 + 7
⇒ 3x > 5x + 6
⇒ 3x – 5x > 5x + 6 – 5x

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 ⇒ – 2x > 6

Thus, all real numbers x,which are less than –3, are the solutions of the given inequality.
Hence, the solution set of the given inequality is (–∞, –3).

Question 7:
Solve the given inequality for real x: 3(x – 1) ≤ 2 (x – 3)
Answer
3(x – 1) ≤ 2(x – 3)
⇒ 3x – 3 ≤ 2x – 6
⇒ 3x – 3 + 3 ≤ 2x – 6 + 3
⇒ 3x ≤ 2x – 3
⇒ 3x – 2x ≤ 2x – 3 – 2x
⇒x≤–3
Thus, all real numbers x,which are less than or equal to –3, are the solutions of the
given inequality.
Hence, the solution set of the given inequality is (–∞, –3].

Question 8:
Solve the given inequality for real x: 3(2 – x) ≥ 2(1 – x)
Answer
3(2 – x) ≥ 2(1 – x)
⇒ 6 – 3x ≥ 2 – 2x
⇒ 6 – 3x + 2x ≥ 2 – 2x + 2x
⇒6–x≥2
⇒6–x–6≥2–6
⇒ –x ≥ –4
⇒x≤4
Thus, all real numbers x,which are less than or equal to 4, are the solutions of the given
inequality.
Hence, the solution set of the given inequality is (–∞, 4].

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 Question 9:

Solve the given inequality for real x:

Answer

Thus, all real numbers x,which are less than 6, are the solutions of the given inequality.
Hence, the solution set of the given inequality is (–∞, 6).

Question 10:

Solve the given inequality for real x:

Answer

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 Thus, all real numbers x,which are less than –6, are the solutions of the given inequality.
Hence, the solution set of the given inequality is (–∞, –6).

Question 11:

Solve the given inequality for real x:

Answer

Thus, all real numbers x,which are less than or equal to 2, are the solutions of the given
inequality.
Hence, the solution set of the given inequality is (–∞, 2].

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 Question 12:
Solve the given inequality for real x:
Solve the given inequality for real x:
Answer

Thus, all real numbers x,which are less than or equal to 120, are the solutions of the
given inequality.
Hence, the solution set of the given inequality is (–∞, 120].

Question 13:
Solve the given inequality for real x: 2(2x + 3) – 10 < 6 (x – 2)
Answer

Thus, all real numbers x,which are greater than or equal to 4, are the solutions of the
given inequality.
Hence, the solution set of the given inequality is [4, ∞).

Question 14:
Solve the given inequality for real x: 37 – (3x + 5) ≥ 9x – 8(x – 3)
Answer

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 Thus, all real numbers x,which are less than or equal to 2, are the solutions of the given
inequality.
Hence, the solution set of the given inequality is (–∞, 2].

Question 15:

Solve the given inequality for real x:

Answer

Thus, all real numbers x,which are greater than 4, are the solutions of the given
inequality.
Hence, the solution set of the given inequality is (4, ∞).

Question 16:

Solve the given inequality for real x:

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 Answer

Thus, all real numbers x,which are less than or equal to 2, are the solutions of the given
inequality.
Hence, the solution set of the given inequality is (–∞, 2].

Question 17:
Solve the given inequality and show the graph of the solution on number line: 3x – 2 <
2x +1
Answer
3x – 2 < 2x +1
⇒ 3x – 2x < 1 + 2
⇒x<3
The graphical representation of the solutions of the given inequality is as follows.

Question 18:
Solve the given inequality and show the graph of the solution on number line: 5x – 3 ≥
3x – 5
Answer

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 The graphical representation of the solutions of the given inequality is as follows.

Question 19:
Solve the given inequality and show the graph of the solution on number line: 3(1 – x) <
2 (x + 4)
Answer

The graphical representation of the solutions of the given inequality is as follows.

Question 20:
Solve the given inequality and show the graph of the solution on number line:

Answer

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 The graphical representation of the solutions of the given inequality is as follows.

Question 21:
Ravi obtained 70 and 75 marks in first two unit test. Find the minimum marks he should
get in the third test to have an average of at least 60 marks.
Answer
Let x be the marks obtained by Ravi in the third unit test.
Since the student should have an average of at least 60 marks,

Thus, the student must obtain a minimum of 35 marks to have an average of at least 60
marks.

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 Question 22:
To receive Grade ‘A’ in a course, one must obtain an average of 90 marks or more in five
examinations (each of 100 marks). If Sunita’s marks in first four examinations are 87,
92, 94 and 95, find minimum marks that Sunita must obtain in fifth examination to get
grade ‘A’ in the course.
Answer
Let x be the marks obtained by Sunita in the fifth examination.
In order to receive grade ‘A’ in the course, she must obtain an average of 90 marks or
more in five examinations.
Therefore,

Thus, Sunita must obtain greater than or equal to 82 marks in the fifth examination.

Question 23:
Find all pairs of consecutive odd positive integers both of which are smaller than 10 such
that their sum is more than 11.
Answer
Let x be the smaller of the two consecutive odd positive integers. Then, the other integer
is x + 2.
Since both the integers are smaller than 10,
x + 2 < 10
⇒ x < 10 – 2
⇒ x < 8 … (i)
Also, the sum of the two integers is more than 11.
∴x + (x + 2) > 11
⇒ 2x + 2 > 11
⇒ 2x > 11 – 2

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 ⇒ 2x > 9

From (i) and (ii), we obtain .

Since x is an odd number, x can take the values, 5 and 7.
Thus, the required possible pairs are (5, 7) and (7, 9).

Question 24:
Find all pairs of consecutive even positive integers, both of which are larger than 5 such
that their sum is less than 23.
Answer
Let x be the smaller of the two consecutive even positive integers. Then, the other
integer is x + 2.
Since both the integers are larger than 5,
x > 5 ... (1)
Also, the sum of the two integers is less than 23.
x + (x + 2) < 23
⇒ 2x + 2 < 23
⇒ 2x < 23 – 2
⇒ 2x < 21

From (1) and (2), we obtain 5 < x < 10.5.

Since x is an even number, x can take the values, 6, 8, and 10.
Thus, the required possible pairs are (6, 8), (8, 10), and (10, 12).

Question 25:
The longest side of a triangle is 3 times the shortest side and the third side is 2 cm
shorter than the longest side. If the perimeter of the triangle is at least 61 cm, find the
minimum length of the shortest side.
Answer

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 Let the length of the shortest side of the triangle be x cm.
Then, length of the longest side = 3x cm
Length of the third side = (3x – 2) cm
Since the perimeter of the triangle is at least 61 cm,

Thus, the minimum length of the shortest side is 9 cm.

Question 26:
A man wants to cut three lengths from a single piece of board of length 91 cm. The
second length is to be 3 cm longer than the shortest and the third length is to be twice
as long as the shortest. What are the possible lengths of the shortest board if the third
piece is to be at least 5 cm longer than the second?
[Hint: If x is the length of the shortest board, then x, (x + 3) and 2x are the lengths of
the second and third piece, respectively. Thus, x = (x + 3) + 2x ≤ 91 and 2x ≥ (x + 3)
+ 5]
Answer
Let the length of the shortest piece be x cm. Then, length of the second piece and the
third piece are (x + 3) cm and 2x cm respectively.
Since the three lengths are to be cut from a single piece of board of length 91 cm,
x cm + (x + 3) cm + 2x cm ≤ 91 cm
⇒ 4x + 3 ≤ 91
⇒ 4x ≤ 91 – 3
⇒ 4x ≤ 88

Also, the third piece is at least 5 cm longer than the second piece.

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 ∴2x ≥ (x + 3) + 5
⇒ 2x ≥ x + 8
⇒ x ≥ 8 … (2)
From (1) and (2), we obtain
8 ≤ x ≤ 22
Thus, the possible length of the shortest board is greater than or equal to 8 cm but less
than or equal to 22 cm.

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Class XI : Maths
Chapter 5 : Linear Equations

Questions and Solutions | Miscellaneous Exercise 5 - NCERT Books

Question 1:
Solve the inequality 2 ≤ 3x – 4 ≤ 5
Answer
2 ≤ 3x – 4 ≤ 5
⇒ 2 + 4 ≤ 3x – 4 + 4 ≤ 5 + 4
⇒ 6 ≤ 3x ≤ 9
⇒2≤x≤3
Thus, all the real numbers, x, which are greater than or equal to 2 but less than or equal
to 3, are the solutions of the given inequality. The solution set for the given inequalityis
[2, 3].

Question 2:
Solve the inequality 6 ≤ –3(2x – 4) < 12
Answer
6 ≤ – 3(2x – 4) < 12
⇒ 2 ≤ –(2x – 4) < 4
⇒ –2 ≥ 2x – 4 > –4
⇒ 4 – 2 ≥ 2x > 4 – 4
⇒ 2 ≥ 2x > 0
⇒1 ≥ x > 0
Thus, the solution set for the given inequalityis (0, 1].

Question 3:

Solve the inequality

Answer

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Thus, the solution set for the given inequalityis [–4, 2].

Question 4:

Solve the inequality

Answer

⇒ –75 < 3(x – 2) ≤ 0

⇒ –25 < x – 2 ≤ 0
⇒ – 25 + 2 < x ≤ 2
⇒ –23 < x ≤ 2
Thus, the solution set for the given inequalityis (–23, 2].

Question 5:

Solve the inequality

Answer

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Thus, the solution set for the given inequalityis .

Question 6:

Solve the inequality

Answer

Thus, the solution set for the given inequalityis .

Question 7:
Solve the inequalities and represent the solution graphically on number line: 5x + 1 > –
24, 5x – 1 < 24
Answer
5x + 1 > –24
⇒ 5x > –25

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⇒ x > –5 … (1)
5x – 1 < 24
⇒ 5x < 25
⇒ x < 5 … (2)
From (1) and (2), it can be concluded that the solution set for the given system of
inequalities is (–5, 5). The solution of the given system of inequalities can be represented
on number line as

Question 8:
Solve the inequalities and represent the solution graphically on number line: 2(x – 1) < x
+ 5, 3(x + 2) > 2 – x
Answer
2(x – 1) < x + 5
⇒ 2x – 2 < x + 5
⇒ 2x – x < 5 + 2
⇒ x < 7 … (1)
3(x + 2) > 2 – x
⇒ 3x + 6 > 2 – x
⇒ 3x + x > 2 – 6
⇒ 4x > – 4
⇒ x > – 1 … (2)
From (1) and (2), it can be concluded that the solution set for the given system of
inequalities is (–1, 7). The solution of the given system of inequalities can be represented
on number line as

Question 9:
Solve the following inequalities and represent the solution graphically on number line:
3x – 7 > 2(x – 6), 6 – x > 11 – 2x
Answer:

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3x – 7 > 2(x – 6)
⇒ 3x – 7 > 2x – 12
⇒ 3x – 2x > – 12 + 7

⇒ x > –5 … (1)
6 – x > 11 – 2x
⇒ –x + 2x > 11 – 6
⇒ x > 5 … (2)
From (1) and (2), it can be concluded that the solution set for the given system of

inequalities is . The solution of the given system of inequalities can be represented

on number line as

Question 10:
Solve the inequalities and represent the solution graphically on number line: 5(2x – 7) –
3(2x + 3) ≤ 0, 2x + 19 ≤ 6x + 47
Answer
5(2x – 7) – 3(2x + 3) ≤ 0
⇒ 10x – 35 – 6x – 9 ≤ 0
⇒ 4x – 44 ≤ 0
⇒ 4x ≤ 44
⇒ x ≤ 11 … (1)
2x + 19 ≤ 6x + 47
⇒ 19 – 47 ≤ 6x – 2x
⇒ –28 ≤ 4x
⇒ –7 ≤ x … (2)
From (1) and (2), it can be concluded that the solution set for the given system of
inequalities is [–7, 11]. The solution of the given system of inequalities can be
represented on number line as

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Question 11:
A solution is to be kept between 68°F and 77°F. What is the range in temperature in
degree Celsius (C) if the Celsius/Fahrenheit (F) conversion formula is given by

Answer
Since the solution is to be kept between 68°F and 77°F,
68 < F < 77

Putting we obtain

Thus, the required range of temperature in degree Celsius is between 20°C and 25°C.

Question 12:
A solution of 8% boric acid is to be diluted by adding a 2% boric acid solution to it. The
resulting mixture is to be more than 4% but less than 6% boric acid. If we have 640 litres
of the 8% solution, how many litres of the 2% solution will have to be added?
Answer
Let x litres of 2% boric acid solution is required to be added.
Then, total mixture = (x + 640) litres
This resulting mixture is to be more than 4% but less than 6% boric acid.
∴2%x + 8% of 640 > 4% of (x + 640)
And, 2% x + 8% of 640 < 6% of (x + 640)
2%x + 8% of 640 > 4% of (x + 640)

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⇒ 2x + 5120 > 4x + 2560

⇒ 5120 – 2560 > 4x – 2x
⇒ 5120 – 2560 > 2x
⇒ 2560 > 2x
⇒ 1280 > x
2% x + 8% of 640 < 6% of (x + 640)

⇒ 2x + 5120 < 6x + 3840

⇒ 5120 – 3840 < 6x – 2x
⇒ 1280 < 4x
⇒ 320 < x
∴320 < x < 1280
Thus, the number of litres of 2% of boric acid solution that is to be added will have to be
more than 320 litres but less than 1280 litres.

Question 13:
How many litres of water will have to be added to 1125 litres of the 45% solution of acid
so that the resulting mixture will contain more than 25% but less than 30% acid content?
Answer
Let x litres of water is required to be added.
Then, total mixture = (x + 1125) litres
It is evident that the amount of acid contained in the resulting mixture is 45% of 1125
litres.
This resulting mixture will contain more than 25% but less than 30% acid content.
∴30% of (1125 + x) > 45% of 1125
And, 25% of (1125 + x) < 45% of 1125
30% of (1125 + x) > 45% of 1125

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25% of (1125 + x) < 45% of 1125

∴562.5 < x < 900

Thus, the required number of litres of water that is to be added will have to be more than
562.5 but less than 900.

Question 14:
IQ of a person is given by the formula

Where MA is mental age and CA is chronological age. If 80 ≤ IQ ≤ 140 for a group of 12

years old children, find the range of their mental age.
Answer
It is given that for a group of 12 years old children, 80 ≤ IQ ≤ 140 … (i)
For a group of 12 years old children, CA = 12 years

Putting this value of IQ in (i), we obtain

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Thus, the range of mental age of the group of 12 years old children is .

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