Linear Inequations (in one variable)

Exercise 4A
Question 1.

Solution:

Question 2.
State, whether the following statements are true or false:
(i) a < b, then a – c < b – c (ii) If a > b, then a + c > b + c
(iii) If a < b, then ac > bc

(iv) If a > b, then

(v) If a – c > b – d, then a + d > b + c
(vi) If a < b, and c > 0, then a – c > b – c
Where a, b, c and d are real numbers and c ≠ 0.
Solution:
(i) a < b ⇒ a – c < b – c The given statement is true.
(ii) If a > b ⇒ a + c > b + c
The given statement is true.
(iii) If a < b ⇒ ac < bc The given statement is false.

(iv) If a > b ⇒
The given statement is false.
(v) If a – c > b – d ⇒ a + d > b + c
The given statement is true.
(vi) If a < b ⇒ a – c < b – c (Since, c > 0)
The given statement is false.

Question 3.
If x ∈ N, find the solution set of inequations.
(i) 5x + 3 ≤ 2x + 18
(ii) 3x – 2 < 19 – 4x

Solution:
(i) 5x + 3 ≤ 2x + 18
5x – 2x ≤ 18 – 3
3x ≤ 15
x≤5

Since, x ∈ N, therefore solution set is {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}.

(ii) 3x – 2 < 19 – 4x
3x + 4x < 19 + 2
7x < 21
x<3
Since, x ∈ N, therefore solution set is {1, 2}.

Question 4.
Solution:

(i) x + 7 ≤ 11
x ≤ 11 – 7
x≤4

Since, the replacement set = W (set of whole numbers)

⇒ Solution set = {0, 1, 2, 3, 4}

(ii) 3x – 1 > 8
3x > 8 + 1
x>3
Since, the replacement set = W (set of whole numbers)
⇒ Solution set = {4, 5, 6, …}

(iii) 8 – x > 5
–x>5–8
– x > -3
x<3

Since, the replacement set = W (set of whole numbers)

⇒ Solution set = {0, 1, 2}

Since, the replacement set = W (set of whole numbers)

∴ Solution set = {0, 1, 2}
Since, the replacement set = W (set of whole numbers)
∴ Solution set = {0, 1}

(vi) 18 ≤ 3x – 2
18 + 2 ≤ 3x
20 ≤ 3x

x≥

Since, the replacement set = W (set of whole numbers)

∴ Solution set = {7, 8, 9, …}

Question 5.
Solve the inequation:
3 – 2x ≥ x – 12 given that x ∈ N.

Solution:
3 – 2x ≥ x – 12
-2x – x ≥ -12 – 3
-3x ≥ -15
x≤5
Since, x ∈ N, therefore,
Solution set = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}

Question 6.
If 25 – 4x ≤ 16, find:
(i) the smallest value of x, when x is a real number,
(ii) the smallest value of x, when x is an integer.

Solution:
25 – 4x ≤ 16
-4x ≤ 16 – 25
-4x ≤ -9

x≥
x ≥ 2.25

(i) The smallest value of x, when x is a real number, is 2.25.

(ii) The smallest value of x, when x is an integer, is 3.
Question 7.

Solution:
Question 8.

Solution:

Thus, the required smallest value of x is -1.

Question 9.
Find the largest value of x for which
2(x – 1) ≤ 9 – x and x ∈ W.

Solution:

2(x – 1) ≤ 9 – x
2x – 2 ≤ 9 – x
2x + x ≤ 9 + 2
3x ≤ 11

x≤
x ≤ 3.67

Since, x ∈ W, thus the required largest value of x is 3.

Question 10.
Solution:

Question 11.
Given x ∈ {integers}, find the solution set of:
-5 ≤ 2x – 3 < x + 2

Solution:

Question 12.
Given x ∈ {whole numbers}, find the solution set of:
-1 ≤ 3 + 4x < 23

Solution:
 Exercise 4B
Question 1.

Solution:
Question 2.
Solution:

Question 3.

Solution:
Question 4.

Solution:
Question 5.
x ∈ {real numbers} and -1 < 3 – 2x ≤ 7, evaluate x and represent it on a number line.

Solution:
-1 < 3 – 2x ≤ 7
-1 < 3 – 2x and 3 – 2x ≤ 7
2x < 4 and -2x ≤ 4
x < 2 and x ≥ -2
Solution set = {-2 ≤ x < 2, x ∈ R}
Thus, the solution can be represented on a number line as:

Question 6.
List the elements of the solution set of the inequation
-3 < x – 2 ≤ 9 – 2x; x ∈ N.

Solution:
-3 < x – 2 ≤ 9 – 2x
-3 < x – 2 and x – 2 ≤ 9 – 2x
-1 < x and 3x ≤ 11

-1 < x ≤
Since, x ∈ N
∴ Solution set = {1, 2, 3}

Question 7.

Solution:
Question 8.

Solution:

Question 9.
Given x ∈ {real numbers}, find the range of values of x for which -5 ≤ 2x – 3 < x + 2 and
represent it on a number line.

Solution:
-5 ≤ 2x – 3 < x + 2
-5 ≤ 2x – 3 and 2x – 3 < x + 2
-2 ≤ 2x and x < 5
-1 ≤ x and x < 5
Required range is -1 ≤ x < 5.
The required graph is:

Question 10.
If 5x – 3 ≤ 5 + 3x ≤ 4x + 2, express it as a ≤ x ≤ b and then state the values of a and b.

Solution:
5x – 3 ≤ 5 + 3x ≤ 4x + 2
5x – 3 ≤ 5 + 3x and 5 + 3x ≤ 4x + 2

2x ≤ 8 and -x ≤ -3
x ≤ 4 and x ≥ 3

Thus, 3 ≤ x ≤ 4.
Hence, a = 3 and b = 4.

Question 11.
Solve the following inequation and graph the solution set on the number line:
2x – 3 < x + 2 ≤ 3x + 5, x ∈ R.

Solution:
2x – 3 < x + 2 ≤ 3x + 5
2x – 3 < x + 2 and x + 2 ≤ 3x + 5
x < 5 and -3 ≤ 2x
x < 5 and -1.5 ≤ x

Solution set = {-1.5 ≤ x < 5}

The solution set can be graphed on the number line as:

Question 12.
Solve and graph the solution set of:
(i) 2x – 9 < 7 and 3x + 9 ≤ 25, x ∈ R (ii) 2x – 9 ≤ 7 and 3x + 9 > 25, x ∈ I
(iii) x + 5 ≥ 4(x – 1) and 3 – 2x < -7, x ∈ R
Solution:

Question 13.
Solve and graph the solution set of:
(i) 3x – 2 > 19 or 3 – 2x ≥ -7, x ∈ R
(ii) 5 > p – 1 > 2 or 7 ≤ 2p – 1 ≤ 17, p ∈ R

Solution:
(i) 3x – 2 > 19 or 3 – 2x ≥ -7
3x > 21 or -2x ≥ -10
x > 7 or x ≤ 5

Graph of solution set of x > 7 or x ≤ 5 = Graph of points which belong to x > 7 or x ≤ 5 or

both.

Thus, the graph of the solution set is:

(ii) 5 > p – 1 > 2 or 7 ≤ 2p – 1 ≤ 17
6 > p > 3 or 8 ≤ 2p ≤ 18
6 > p > 3 or 4 ≤ p ≤ 9

Graph of solution set of 6 > p > 3 or 4 ≤ p ≤ 9

= Graph of points which belong to 6 > p > 3 or 4 ≤ p ≤ 9 or both
= Graph of points which belong to 3 < p ≤ 9

Thus, the graph of the solution set is:

Question 14.

Solution:

(i) A = {x ∈ R: -2 ≤ x < 5}
B = {x ∈ R: -4 ≤ x < 3}
(ii) A ∩ B = {x ∈ R: -2 ≤ x < 5}
It can be represented on number line as:

B’ = {x ∈ R: 3 < x ≤ -4}
A ∩ B’ = {x ∈ R: 3 ≤ x < 5}
It can be represented on number line as:

Question 15.
Use real number line to find the range of values of x for which:
(i) x > 3 and 0 < x < 6
(ii) x < 0 and -3 ≤ x < 1
(iii) -1 < x ≤ 6 and -2 ≤ x ≤ 3

Solution:
(i) x > 3 and 0 < x < 6

Both the given inequations are true in the range where their graphs on the real number
lines overlap.

The graphs of the given inequations can be drawn as:

From both graphs, it is clear that their common range is

3<x<6

(ii) x < 0 and -3 ≤ x < 1

Both the given inequations are true in the range where their graphs on the real number
lines overlap.

The graphs of the given inequations can be drawn as:

From both graphs, it is clear that their common range is
-3 ≤ x < 0

(iii) -1 < x ≤ 6 and -2 ≤ x ≤ 3

Both the given inequations are true in the range where their graphs on the real number
lines overlap.

The graphs of the given inequations can be drawn as:

From both graphs, it is clear that their common range is

-1 < x ≤ 3

Question 16.
Illustrate the set {x: -3 ≤ x < 0 or x > 2, x ∈ R} on the real number line.

Solution:
Graph of solution set of -3 ≤ x < 0 or x > 2
= Graph of points which belong to -3 ≤ x < 0 or x > 2 or both

Thus, the required graph is:

Question 17.
Given A = {x: -1 < x ≤ 5, x ∈ R} and B = {x: -4 ≤ x < 3, x ∈ R}

Represent on different number lines:

(i) A ∩ B
(ii) A’ ∩ B
(iii) A – B
Solution:

Question 18.
P is the solution set of 7x – 2 > 4x + 1 and Q is the solution set of 9x – 45 ≥ 5(x – 5);
where x ∈ R. Represent:
(i) P ∩ Q
(ii) P – Q
(iii) P ∩ Q’
on different number lines.

Solution:
Question 19.

Solution:
Question 20.
Given: A = {x: -8 < 5x + 2 ≤ 17, x ∈ I}, B = {x: -2 ≤ 7 + 3x < 17, x ∈ R}
Where R = {real numbers} and I = {integers}. Represent A and B on two different number
lines. Write down the elements of A ∩ B.

Solution:

Question 21.

Solve the following inequation and represent the solution set on the number line 2x – 5
≤ 5x +4 < 11, where x ∈ I

Solution:
Question 22.

Solution:

Question 23.
Given:
A = {x: 11x – 5 > 7x + 3, x ∈ R} and
B = {x: 18x – 9 ≥ 15 + 12x, x ∈ R}.
Find the range of set A ∩ B and represent it on number line.

Solution:
A = {x: 11x – 5 > 7x + 3, x ∈ R}
= {x: 4x > 8, x ∈ R}
= {x: x > 2, x ∈ R}
B = {x: 18x – 9 ≥ 15 + 12x, x ∈ R}
= {x: 6x ≥ 24, x ∈ R}
= {x: x ≥ 4, x ∈ R}
A ∩ B = {x: x ≥ 4, x ∈ R}
It can be represented on number line as:

Question 24.

Solution:

Question 25.
Solution:

Question 26.

Solution:
Question 27.
Find three consecutive largest positive integers such that the sum of one-third of first,
one-fourth of second and one-fifth of third is atmost 20.

Solution:
Let the required integers be x, x + 1 and x + 2.
According to the given statement,

Thus, the largest value of the positive integer x is 24.

Hence, the required integers are 24, 25 and 26.

Question 28.
Solve the given inequation and graph the solution on the number line.
2y – 3 < y + 1 ≤ 4y + 7, y ∈ R

Solution:

2y – 3 < y + 1 ≤ 4y + 7, y ∈ R
⇒ 2y – 3 – y < y + 1 – y ≤ 4y + 7 – y
⇒ y – 3 < 1 ≤ 3y + 7
⇒ y – 3 < 1 and 1 ≤ 3y + 7
⇒ y < 4 and 3y ≥ 6 ⇒ y ≥ – 2
⇒–2≤y<4
The graph of the given equation can be represented on a number line as:
Question 29.
Solve the inequation:
3z – 5 ≤ z + 3 < 5z – 9, z ∈ R.
Graph the solution set on the number line.

Solution:
3z – 5 ≤ z + 3 < 5z – 9
3z – 5 ≤ z + 3 and z + 3 < 5z – 9
2z ≤ 8 and 12 < 4z
z ≤ 4 and 3 < z
Since, z R
∴ Solution set = {3 < z ≤ 4, x ∈ R }
It can be represented on a number line as:

Question 30.

Solution:
Question 31.

Solution:

Question 32.
Solution:

Question 33.

Solution:
Question 34.

Solve the following in equation and write the solution set:

13x – 5 < 15x + 4 < 7x + 12, x ∈ R

Solution:
Question 35.
Solve the following inequation, write the solution set and represent it on the number
line.
-3(x – 7) ≥ 15 – 7x > x+1/3, x R.

Solution:

Question 36.

Solve the following inequation and represent the solution set on a number line.
Solution: