CON HOC SIGNO CONVINCO

THE CHANGE OF PERSONALITY AS AN EFFECT OF

CYBERBULLYING OF SENIOR HIGH
SCHOOL STUDENTS

Tuastumban, James Jefferson

Rivas, Reynaldo Joshua
Malagante, Jared Jose
Salcedo, Edvin Beau
Hayudini, Al-khadzri
Miculob, Sid

January 2023
 CON HOC SIGNO CONVINCO

THE CHANGE OF PERSONALITY AS AN EFFECT OF

CYBERBULLYING OF SENIOR HIGH
SCHOOL STUDENTS

A Quantitative Research Presented to Holy Cross College of Sasa, Inc

In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the subject
Practical Research 2

Tuastumban, James Jefferson

Rivas, Reynaldo Joshua
Malagante, Jared Jose
Salcedo, Edvin Beau
Hayudini, Al-khadzri
Miculob, Sid

January 2023

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 Approval Sheet

This research entitles “The Change of personality as an effect of

Cyberbullying of Senior High School Students” prepared and submitted by
Tuastumban, Rivas, Malagante, Salcedo, Hayudini, and Miculob in partial
fulfillment of the requirements for the subject Practical Research 2 has been
examined and is hereby recommended for an oral examination, Approval, and
acceptance.

JOSHUA ADENO
Adviser

PANEL OF EXAMINERS
Approved by the Committee on Oral Examination with a grade of Passed

XXXX
Chairperson

XXXXXXX xXXXx
Member Member

XXXXXXXXXX
Member

Accepted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the subject, Practical

Research II

XXXXXXXXX
Dean of College
Comprehensive Examination: Passed
Date of Comprehensive : January 6, 2023
Oral Examination : Passed
Date of Oral Examination :J

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 Acknowledgment

This work would not have been possible without the support and guidance of the

panelists, Mrs. XXXX. Mrs. XXXX We are grateful to them for giving their candid

and enlightening perspectives on a variety of project-related challenges, we are

grateful for their enthusiastic supervision, invaluable constructive criticism, and

courteous advice;

I would like to express my deepest appreciation to my adviser Mr. Jesse Roy T.

Balagulan and also to my subject teacher for Practical Research II Mr. Joshua

Adeno for their helpful guidance, supervision, and assistance throughout our

research endeavor. We also want to express our gratitude for the understanding,

patience, and wisdom they have shared with us. Working with and learning from

them was a great honor and privilege, big thanks to the editors of this research

for analyzing and completing this research, and to the statisticians who did great

on doing the surveys, experiments, and collecting the data;

The respondents who voluntarily offered their full cooperation and enabled the

research study to be successfully completed also deserve our gratitude and

respect. We also want to thank you for giving us the time and information

necessary to carry out this study;

Lastly, we give God, the Almighty, all the glory and gratitude for His gifts that

sustained and enabled our research to be successful.

E.B.S

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 Abstract

Wala pa pero need para sa roman numbering ang page

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 Table of Contents

Title Page i
Approval Sheet ii
Acknowledgment iii
Abstract iv
Table of Contents v
List of Tables vi
List of Figures vii

CHAPTER

1 The Problem and Its Scope 1

The rationale of the Study 2

Statement of the Problem 3
Hypothesis 4
Review of Related Literature 5

2 Method

Research Design 6
Research Locale 7
Research Respondents 8
Research Instruments 9
Data Gathering Procedures 10
Data Analysis 11

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 CHAPTER 1

The Problem and Its Scope

This study talks about how cyberbullying is linked to serious psychological

problems in young people, including despair, emotional discomfort, low self-

esteem, and subpar academic performance. It is also thought to be a growing

issue in educational settings, endangering the psychological wellbeing, security,

and general well-being of students. The idea of this study was to investigate the

association between personality characteristics and cyberbullying among high

school students enrolled in face-to-face classes.

Due to the quick development of technology and the widespread

availability of the internet, individuals send hurtful texts, emails, photos, and

videos about others without considering the potential harm they may be doing to

them. Bullying in any form, however, can have a negative impact on a person's

life. Cyberbullying and cyber victimization are new problems that have arisen as

a result of violent people using new modes of communication in cyberspace. This

has attracted the attention of academics and practitioners in this fascinating field.

The majority of internet users are teenagers and young people (18 to 28

years old), who are more likely than older users to use social networks, blogs,

digital games, instant messaging (IM), download music, and perform

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informational searches. When adolescents send hateful text messages, emails,

or images and videos about other young people who bully others may not be

aware of the possible harm they are doing to the victim. A young person's life

might be negatively impacted by violence in any way.

In the Philippines, cyberbullying was normalized and became

entertainment for some people without knowing that it is among the country’s top

cybercrimes. Most teenagers who play video games to cope with their sadness,

and loneliness and crave social belongingness are automatically faced with the

reality, both mobile game addiction and cyberbullying are moral issues that need

to be addressed since they interfere with people's daily lives, especially those of

students at academic institutions. Few or no research have been done in the

Philippines to establish the frequency of moral issues with mobile gaming,

particularly addiction and cyberbullying.

Numerous cases of cyberbullying had been occurring in Davao City. It

also includes any behavior that harms the victim's mental health or emotional

well-being; any slanderous statement or accusation that causes the victim

unwarranted emotional distress; name-calling, tormenting, and making

disparaging remarks about the victim's appearance, attire, or physical make-up.

A Davao City Councilor is proposing penalties against bullies under the “The

Anti-Bullying Ordinance of Davao City.” the proposed ordinance is not only

limited to bullying cases in schools but will also cover bullying in the workplace,

cyberbullying, and bullying in other public places. But this cyberbullying still

happens to this day.

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 This is advantageous to the parents or guardians of students who have

experienced cyberbullying to have insight into what their children went through.

The researcher has a fresh viewpoint on this kind of research, which is beneficial

to the administrator. The benefit of this study to the school is that it raises

awareness of cyberbullying and the change of personality behind it. This study's

findings will act as your guidelines for developing quantitative research and

provide suggestions for how to create a research study. This will also act as a

source of additional data that will be useful to the subsequent researcher.

1/3 of the grade 12 students of Holy Cross College of Sasa, Inc. are

included in the study's scope.

Rationale of the Study

Cyberbullying, whereas conventional bullying is typically associated with

low self-esteem, many cyberbullies exhibit good self-esteem through finding

fulfillment in their relationships with peers. Cyberbullying was frequently

associated with loneliness and a sense of unease at school, though.

This study aims to have insights into cyberbullying being among the

reasons why a student’s personality changes. Bullying in any form can have a

severe impact on a young person's life, even when teens are not conscious of

the potential harm they may be doing when they send hurtful texts, emails, or

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even images and videos about another teenager. With technology continuing to

infiltrate more and more areas of our life, cyberbullying behavior is prevalent in

many schools and has pandemic levels.

According to the Pew Research Center, a September 2018 study found

that 59% of teens have been a victim of harassment online. The study also found

that 90% of teens believe online harassment is a problem that affects people

their age and that “majorities of young people think key groups, such as

teachers, social media companies, and politicians are failing at tackling this

issue.” For us to have proper knowledge about this particular topic it is vital to

know how to listen for cyberbullying words and recognize the telltale indications

of cyberbullying conduct in a classroom.

This study is also conducted to examine what are the different

personalities of students who had experienced being cyberbullied. Loneliness,

self-esteem, and empathy were revealed to be three personality qualities that

promote cyberbullying in young people. Despair, a lack of resiliency anxiety,

loneliness and isolation, nightmares, and suspicion or wariness of others and in

some circumstances result in suicide. A preventative strategy is considered

essential so that the school administrators, students, and parents or guardians

are well prepared. Before this, creating an It is essential to have a thorough

understanding of the elements that influence cyberbullying because it can the

concerned parties create a plan of action in accordance with the requirement,

capability, and target groups' interests.

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 Statement of the Problem

This study will assess the change in personality as an effect of

cyberbullying of Senior high school Students.

1. How does cyberbullying affect the student’s change of personality?

1.1 Low Self-esteem

1.2 Anxiety

1.3 Depression

2. In what way does cyberbullying affect the student’s change of personality?

2.1 Hate speech

2.2 Harassment

2.3 Cyberstalking

3. What could be the possible effect of cyberbullying on victims and to non-

victims?

Hypothesis

Ha. The self-esteem of cyberbullying victims is typically lower than that of non-
victims.

Ho. The self-esteem of both victims and non-victims of cyberbullying has no

difference.

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 Review of Related Literature

This chapter gives a summary of the literature that supports the research

on how the changes in personality as an effect of cyberbullying and have an

impact on the results.

As stated by (Çelik S et al., 2012), Cyberbullying is associated with

significant psychological issues among young people such as depression,

emotional distress, low self-esteem, and poor academic achievement. It is also

regarded as an increasingly emergent problem in educational settings, putting

learners' psychological health, safety, and well-being at risk. Recent research

has shown that a growing number of students are victims of cyberbullying and a

wider realization and a thorough understanding of cyberbullying is needed.

Poor self-esteem made people more likely to report experiencing

cyberbullying, and it was found that low self-esteem was a major individual

predictor of both cyberbullying victimization and perpetration.

According to (American Psychiatric Association, 2017) Anxiety involves

the anticipation of a future event Depression negatively influences how someone

feels, thinks, and acts or concern that is associated with muscle tension and

avoidance behavior. Teenagers seem to be disproportionately affected by

cyberbullying, which creates the ideal environment for social anxiety to flourish.

"Kids become self-conscious and are at greater danger of experiencing long-term

impacts of harsh comments or uncomfortable circumstances during the

adolescent years," according to research. The very qualities that make online

spaces so inviting to many with social anxiety – anonymity, release from

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established social norms, and perceived low-stakes participation – can create an

environment in which you are more likely to experience negative social

consequences. “Because interactions occur behind a cyber curtain, teens often

say things they wouldn’t to someone’s face, which can increase occurrences of

teasing, bullying, and humiliation, all of which can lead the victim to develop

social anxiety.” Research indicates that 58% of kids have been victims of

cyberbullying, and 53% admit to engaging in socially aggressive behaviors

online.

According to (Guimaraes., et al,.,2014), Social media sites such as

Twitter, Instagram, and Facebook are particularly popular with young adults as a

means of connecting with others and sharing information about themselves. Of

these, Facebook is the largest social network with 1.11 billion users worldwide,

84% of whom fall between the ages of 18–29. While it has been shown that

Facebook can improve interpersonal interactions and create social capital (Park

et al., 2009), But as claimed by (Hinduja and Patchin, 2010), Some teenagers

are abusing this site to ridicule and injure others. Cyberbullying is the term for

such behavior, which is defined as hostile or damaging acts committed against

other people or groups while using electronic technology like the Internet or

mobile phones.

Harassment is a broad category under which many types of cyberbullying

fall into, although it typically refers to a consistent behavior of sending nasty or

threatening online messages with the goal to damage another person. As

technology has evolved over the last decade, young people’s experiences of

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cyber bullying have also evolved. For example, the capabilities of mobile

telephones have evolved such that they are now the most popular device for

getting online in the U.K. (Ofcom, 2015).

According to (Alison J. Marganski., 2012) Cyberstalking is a behavior that

has emerged in recent years with the advent and accessibility of technology. It is

“stalking with technology.” Increasing attention has been paid to this issue by

researchers, practitioners, and society following reports in the late 1990s. Initially

perceived as innocuous due to a lack of physical presence, research now

suggests that it may be equally if not more harmful than in-person stalking

experiences. Consequently, legislation to criminalize cyberstalking has emerged

and organizations have formed to educate, respond to, and raise awareness on

this contemporary issue.

We instinctively synthesize information to assist others in making

connections between various concepts. The goal of a school is to provide

children with a distraction-free environment where they can learn and engage,

but cyberbullying interferes with this goal. Although a lot of people assume that

cyberbullying would greatly distract pupils, and they are right, it also greatly

distracts teachers.

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 Theoretical/Conceptual Framework

Understanding the "cyberbullying problem extent "was crucial, and as it

grew, existing social psychological, communication, and sociological theories

were used to explain why and for whom cyberbullying perpetration is more likely.

For instance, (Heirman and Walrave., 2012) utilized theory to predict

cyberbullying perpetration from cyberbullying attitudes, social norms, and

perceived behavioral control through cyberbullying intentions in a sample of

Belgian youth. Various social and communication-based theories have been

shown to reliably predict cyberbullying perpetration, such as General Strain

Theory. One notable drawback of using such theories to comprehend malevolent

online behavior is the inability to distinguish between cyberbullying and

conventional bullying.

Indeed, understanding cyberbullying perpetration incrementally from

traditional bullying may offer important insights into better predicting

cyberbullying and may also lead to better interventions focused on decreasing

cyberbullying. Notably, there is reason to expect the theoretical processes

involved in cyberbullying to differ from traditional bullying processes. Although

certain predictors share common variance with both types of bullying, such as

callous-unemotional traits (Antoniadou et al., 2016) Due to the abuse being done

online, there is no physical contact between the bully and the victim in

cyberbullying. Therefore, compared to face-to-face interactions, one's physical

stature (height, weight, and muscle mass) is probably less significant online.

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 In their recent study, (Vandebosch and Van Cleemput., 2008) conducted

more than 50 focus groups with children and teenagers between the ages of 10

and 18. The authors looked at how children throughout these groups perceived

cyberbullying activities, more especially, the purpose for hiding behind a screen

and the intended victim. Some of the focus group research results showed a

strong knowledge that cyberbullies intend to actually hurt people and are

occasionally motivated by retaliation for traditional bullying at school. Some

people who engage in anonymous cyberbullying do so in retaliation for conflicts

or disagreements they had in person. While acknowledging the significance of

avoiding engaging in cyberbullying, boredom and a sense of power or

competence were also mentioned as reasons for doing so. One common thread

among those who admitted to cyberbullying others was that they were hiding

their identities mostly because their targets were aware of who they were in real

life, according to researchers.

Independent Variable Dependent Variable

Variable Variable
 Hate speech  Low Self-
 Harassment esteem
 Cyberstalking  Anxiety
 Depression

Figure 1. Conceptual Framework of the Study

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 CHAPTER 2

Method

The emergence of cyberstalking in recent years is a result of the

advancement and accessibility of technology. This study examines how

cyberbullying affects students' personalities and includes a research design,

research locale, respondents’ research instrument, data gathering procedure and

data analysis.

Research Design

The correlation approach was utilized by the researchers. This method is

used when the goal is to depict the current state of affairs while researching and

diving into the root of a specific occurrence. The strength of the association

between two or more quantifiable variables is assessed through correlation

research, which makes use of the data collected.

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 Research Locale

This research will be conducted only inside the Holy Cross College of

Sasa, Inc., located at Dona Pilar Road, Sasa, Davao City.

Research Respondents

Only one-third (1/3) of the population of grade 12 students who will

participate in the study were selected by the researchers. Students at Holy Cross

College of Sasa, Inc., Dona Pilar Road, Sasa, Davao City who experienced

cyberbullying participated in the study, The researchers made use of the random

sampling method.

Research Instrument

The survey will be conducted by the researcher using the survey

questionnaire, researchers will distribute sheets of paper that contains questions

regarding the study. The questionnaire would soon be collected to analyze the

data. The questionnaire will be improved with the assistance of the Practical

Research 2 Adviser and the Senior High School focal person.

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 Data Gathering

The target of our survey questionnaire will be the Gr. 12 Students, and we

will distribute it by proving the Senior high school Students with a paper survey

questionnaire in their classrooms, when they are finished, they can respond

whenever it is convenient for them. They can transfer it back to the researchers

in the classroom or the researchers would collect it. The questionnaire was

completed by the respondents, and the researchers afterward collected the

information they had discovered from their answers. After gathering the requisite

data, the researchers used it to produce an analysis and interpretation.

Data Analysis

This study used the following treatment:

Mean, Pearson Correlation or Pearson R, T-test Standard

Deviation. Mean – The mean is the average of the numbers,by adding all the

number then divide by the number of total respondents.

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