Demogra

GLOBAL
phy
GROUP 5 (BSCE-2A)

Agustin, Carlos Roberto

Baluma, John Harold
Anora, Gabrielle
Buyo, Elena Marie
Micutuan, Mark Vincent
Global
Demography
Objectives:

Identify the Synthesize the Explain the theory

different concept of of demographic
international issues globalization in transition and its
and trends in global relation to effect on global
population demography and population
population; and
Demography
A field in statistics that is concerned with
births, deaths, income or the incidence of
disease which later illustrates the
changing structure of human population.
It is a scientific study of human population
In the context of political science,
demography is a statistical study to
determine world population that can be
used as a tool to identify certain
phenomenon in geopolitics, public
administration, and others.
 Global Population Population
Demography Density

Is the number of people

About the trends and The whole number of
who live in a place per
practices in world politics. people or inhabitants
square km
It is the study of issues in a country or region
Depends on cultural
and development of the Is not distributed
features and the
global population evenly in the world.
economic possibilities in
Refers to the study of There are sparsely
the place.
human population and populated places and
People prefer to live in
process through which others are densely
places that fulfill some
populations change in populated.
conditions, abundant of
respect to environment,
water, etc, some avoid
geography, and climate.
in mountainous or dry
land.
 More Terms:
Size
the number of persons in the population

Distribution
arrangement of population in a space at a given time

Structure
distribution of population among its sex and age groupings

Change
the growth or decline of the total population
HOW DOES DEMOGRAPHY
AFFECTS OUR LIVES?
Importance of
Demography
It is important to help us know the growth
rate of the economy in terms of population
We need to know the rate of population
growth rate because sometimes the
population may experience problems
because of population explosion (they may
have shortages in terms of water, electricity
etc)
In terms of economic planning on the macro
level, demography is important particularly
on the data relating to the trends in
population growth because this may help
the planners to formulate plans for the
country.
 Importance of
Demography
Overall, Demography significantly affects
our lives by influencing economic
opportunities, access to social
services, cultural diversity, political
representation, health outcomes,
environmental sustainability, and
technological innovation. Understanding
demographic trends is crucial for
addressing challenges and fostering
inclusive, resilient societies.
 Relationship of
Globalization and
Population
Globalization and Population are closely intertwined, with
globalization influencing population dynamics through
factors such as migration, economic growth, cultural
exchange, technological advancements, and environmental
impacts. At the same time, population dynamics also
shape the processes and outcomes of globalization,
influencing economic, social, and environmental trends on
a global scale.
 Demographic
5
Processes
1. Fertility 2. Social Mobility
- ability of an individual or
couple to reproduce - the movement of
through normal sexual individuals, families,
activity. households or other
- a major focus for categories of people
demographic analysis. within or between social
- explored along with the strata in a society.
ways in which - a change in social
demographers can status relative to one's
contribute to our current social location
understanding of the within a given society.
reproductive process.
 Demographic
5
Processes
3. Mortality 4. Marriage

- the frequency of death - also called matrimony or

in a population. wedlock, is a culturally and
- the death rate in a often legally recognised
particularly given region union between people
which brings changes in called spouses.
the demographics of that - historically has been of
particular region. interest to demographers
- an important concept in principally because of its
the study of population. close connection with the
process of fertility.
 Demographic
5
Processes
5. Migration
- progress of people from one place to
another, to establish their permanent or
semi-permanent residence at the
destination.
- increases or reduces the size of a
population, and influences its structure and
determines the size and rates of its growth.
- has a vital role in the distribution of the
people, since in some countries migrants
from a region or country tend to concentrate
in specific areas of the country to which
they migrate.
 TRANSITION OF
WORLD
DEMOGRAPHY
La croix, Mason, & Abe (2003), wrote that since
WW2:

Globalization has affected population dynamics in

several ways (demography has always been
affected by technology particularly in the explosion
of contraceptive technology, improvement of public
health).
The size growth and age structure of national
populations also affect globalization (population
change might influence the movement of people
products and investment capital among countries)
 TRANSITION OF
WORLD
DEMOGRAPHY
Favorable changes in population, population
structure can also give positive influences in terms
of economic growth. Demography is important
because that can be related to their improvement
politically and economically.

Lee (2003) argued:

TRANSITION OF
WORLD
DEMOGRAPHY
 efore
B
After Demographic
Demographic
Transition
Transition
- High Birth Rates & High - The mortality declined
Death Rates (Population first which means the
Growth Rate (PGR) was number of people dying
slow & population was slowed down followed by
young). Fertility (PGR to accelerate
- The population growth first, then slowdown,
was slow because many moving toward low fertility,
people who were being long life and an old
born but at the same time population).
there are also a lot of
people dying.
 DEMOGRAPHIC
TRANSITION MODEL

Grover 2014 explained that:

-population demographics continued to evolve as a
result of the relationship between birth and death
rates within a country.
-DTM uses death rates and birth rates
-the observation and the documentation of this
global phenomenon produced a model.
 DEMOGRAPHIC
TRANSITION MODEL

Lesthaege (2010)
-The declines in fertility and mortality that occurred
in western countries from the 18th to 19th centuries
onward and during the second half of the 20th
century in much of the rest of the world.
 DEMOGRAPHIC
TRANSITION MODEL
Is based on historical population trends and this
trend used the birth rate and death rate, because
of these trends the demographic transition model
created five stages which has different
perspectives in terms of economic implications
suggesting that a country's total PGR cycles
through stages as the countries develop
economically.
Stages of
Demographic
Transition Model
2. High Birth Rate 3. Falling Birth
1.High Fluctuation but Failing Death Rate, continuing
Rate falling Death Rate

4. Low 5. Declining
Fluctuation population
 1. High
Fluctuation
- Most applicable to the Reasons for High Reasons for High
world before the industrial Birth Rates: Death Rates:
revolution so which means Limited Birth Control
before 18th century. High Infant Mortality (High number
of children who are dying
Diseases
- Both birth rates and Poor Nutrition and famine
encourages parent to give more
death rates are high and birth okay because as a Poor Hygiene
as a result the population replacement they need to bear
growth; it remains fair and more children number)
Economic Advantage(children were
constant (small PG)
seen as future source of income
-India, Democratic therefore the mindset of parents
Republic of the Congo, would be more economically
Ethiopia beneficial for them if they have
more children
2. High Birth Rate but
Failing Death Rate
This era is the
introduction of Reasons for Failing
modern medicine, Death Rates:
Advancement of
medical health care Improved public health
that lowered death Better Nutrition
rate especially among Lower Child mortality
children.
The population
expanded rapidly
China, Singapore
3. Falling Birth Rate,
continuing falling death
rate
Reasons for Failing
The PG slows down Birth Rates:
PG still continues but Preferences for
in a lower rate smaller families
most of the (cheaper)
developing countries Changes in social
are in this stage trends and fashions
Japan, Italy, Spain Rise in Materialism
Lower infant
mortality Rate
4. Low Fluctuation

Low birth and death

Rates
Reasons:
small PG
countries whom in this Increase in women's
stage tend to have
status
stronger economies
changes in personal Higher level of
lifestyle education
women are in work force Strong Economies
this lessen the couples Better Health care
who are having kids)
Germany, Sweden,
Canada, Great Britain
5. Declining Population

Death rate exceeds the Reasons for low

birth rate birth rate:
countries who experience
A rise in individualism
falling fertility rates
Greater financial independence of
below the replacement women
level (poor children and Lack of resources for future
the elderly population is generations
An increase in non-traditional
greater than the youthful
lifestyles.
population)-this stage The incorporation of women to
has been recently work
recognized Late marriages and delayed
motherhood
only few countries are
Religion determines to a lesser
considered in this stage extent people’s behavior
Bulgaria, Hungary, Latvia
 Limitations of
Demographic Transition
Model
1. Did not include other demographic variables
such as migration.
-migration changes population of a certain
country
2. Did not predict how long a country will be
in each stage.
 Age at marriage
Duration of married life
Family Planning
Environmental
sanitation
Education and
Economic status
Health care facility
Nutrition
Caste and religion
Factors Living standards
Occupational health

Influencing and safety

Effective

Population Size: pharmaceutical

Demographic Measurement
Demographic measurement refers to the statistical study of populations. It includes various measurements
like size, growth rate, density, distribution, and vital statistics (birth rates, death rates, etc.) of a population.
These measurements are used in a wide range of disciplines including public health, marketing, policy making,
and social sciences, to understand the characteristics of a population, its changes over time, and how it
compares to other populations.

Top 10 Largest
Two aspects of demographic measurement: Agglomeration in the
World 2024
(citypopulation.de)

Population Static Population Dynamic

1) Guangzhou (China)
2) Tokyo (Japan)
Population dynamics refers to the study of
Population statics is the study how
3) a population
Shanghai size changes over time and
(China)
of a population's structure at a what factors influence those changes. It
4) Delhi (India)
involves analyzing birth rates, death rates,
certain time, including aspects 5) Jakarta (Indonesia)
immigration, and emigration, and how these
like age, sex, occupation, and 6) Manila (Philippines)
elements interact to affect the growth,
location. It's used for planning 7) Mumbai
stability, (India) of a population. This field
or decline
is Mexico
8) crucial City
in areas
(Mexico)like ecology, wildlife
and research in various fields. management, and public health.
9) Seoul (South Korea)
10) Cairo (Egypt)
The World's
Demographic Profile

8.1 Billion (current)

The current world population is

8,102,260,476 as of Wednesday, April 10,
2024 according to the most recent United
Nations estimates elaborated by
Worldometer.
The World's
Demographic Profile
Top 10 Most Top 10 Least Top 10 Densely
Populous Populated Populated
Countries 2024 Countries 2024 Countries 2024
(worldometer.info) (ccjk.com) (database.earth)

1) India 1) Vatican City 1) Monaco

2) China 2) Tavalu 2) Macao SAR
3) United States 3) Nauru 3) Singapore
4) Indonesia 4) Palau 4) Hongkong
5) Pakistan 5) San Marino 5) Gibraltar
6) Nigeria 6) Liechtenstein 6) Bahrain
7) Brazil 7) Monaco 7) Maldives
8) Bangladesh 8) Saint Kitts ans Nevis 8) Malta
9) Russia 9) Marshall Islands 9) Bangladesh
10) Mexico 10) Dominica 10) Sint Maarten
The World's
Demographic Profile

Top 10 Least Top 10 Largest

Densely Populated
Agglomeration in the
Countries 2024
(currentaffairs.add World 2024
a247.com) (citypopulation.de)

1) Greenland
1) Guangzhou (China)
2) Mongolia
2) Tokyo (Japan)
3) Namibia
3) Shanghai (China)
4) Australia
4) Delhi (India)
5) French Guiana
5) Jakarta (Indonesia)
6) Iceland
6) Manila (Philippines)
7) Suriname
7) Mumbai (India)
8) Libya
8) Mexico City (Mexico)
9) Guyana
9) Seoul (South Korea)
10) Botswana
10) Cairo (Egypt)
Environmental Impacts
of Global Demography

There is a long-standing dispute on the extent

to which population growth causes
environmental degradation. However, these
country-level analyses suffer from the high
level of dissimilarity between world regions
and strong collinearity of population growth,
income, and other factors.
Environmental
Impacts of Global
Demography
Most surveys highlighted population growth and environmental
degradation as the most significant threats to humanity, followed by
nuclear war. However, the link between population increase and
environmental damage is complex and interlinked. A new report from
the Population Division of UN DESA delves into these relationships,
emphasizing the need to understand the dynamics between population
growth, socioeconomic development, and environmental change. While
population has surged due to increased longevity and persistent high
fertility rates in some regions, data shows that high-income countries
contribute significantly more to global emissions despite slower
population growth.
 Addressing climate change requires a
multifaceted approach beyond simply
focusing on population growth. While
global population growth is projected
to slow and possibly halt by 2100,
achieving sustainability hinges on
increasing resource efficiency and
decoupling economic growth from
environmental harm. High-income
countries, responsible for a
disproportionate share of

Environmental environmental damage, must lead

efforts towards a more sustainable
economic system. Meanwhile, in low-

Impacts of income countries, rapid population

growth poses challenges to achieving
development goals, highlighting the

Global
importance of empowering individuals,
particularly women, to make informed
choices about family planning,

Demography
education, and health.
Demographic
Policies
Depending on the situation of a country, government can adopt
different demographic policies in order to change people’s attitude
towards births:

Pro-Natalist Anti-Natalist
Policy Policy
Adopted by countries Adopted by countries
with low fertility, few with over population,
births and an ageing which puts the relation
population with the between population and
purpose of encouraging resources in danger, in
people to have more order to slow
children. population growth.
Demographic
Policies

Mortality Rate Life Expectancy

Number of deaths in a place

during a year. This Number of years a person is
can be reduce with the expected to live in a
improvements in medicine specific place. It is higher in
and hygiene. The the richest countries and
lower the death rate in a lower in the
country, the better its poorer cities.
healthcare system is.
Conclusion
Demography, the study of human population dynamics,
profoundly influences economic opportunities, social
services, cultural diversity, and political representation.
Globalization intertwines with population dynamics, shaping
migration patterns, economic growth, and environmental
impacts. Key demographic processes such as fertility,
mortality, marriage, social mobility, and migration drive
population transitions, as depicted in the demographic
transition model. However, this model has limitations, notably
in predicting stage durations and accounting for migration.
Environmental concerns arise from population growth's link
to degradation, with high-income countries
disproportionately contributing to emissions. Addressing
climate change necessitates holistic approaches beyond
population control, emphasizing empowerment, especially of
women, for informed family planning decisions. Governments
may adopt diverse demographic policies to navigate
population challenges, from pro-natalist to anti-natalist
measures, tailored to their specific dynamics and resource
constraints, aiming ultimately for sustainable development
and resilient societies.
References
https://ourworldindata.org/fertility-rate
https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-319-65439-3_6
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_mobility
https://www.computertechreviews.com/definition/migration/#Effect
s
https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-319-23255-3_5
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marriage
https://www.britannica.com/science/age-distribution
https://www.vedantu.com/geography/mortality
https://www.studocu.com/ph/document/saint-marys-university-
philippines/contemporary-world/the-global-demography-lecture-
notes-7-10/20247448
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6497702/
https://www.un.org/en/desa/population-growth-environmental-
degradation-and-climate-change
https://www.cato.org/cato-journal/spring/summer-
2018/demographics-their-implications-economy-policy#references
 Thank You
for listening!

Buyo, Micutuan,
Elena Marie Mark Vincent
Anora, Baluma,
Gabrielle Agustin, John Harold
Carlos Roberto

GROUP 5