Chapter # 15

Electromagnetism
Q#1: Define electromagnetism. Explain magnetic effect of current with the help of
experiment.
Ans: Electromagnetism:
The branch of physics that deals with the magnetic effects of electric current is
called electromagnetism.
Magnetic effect of current:
 Ampere discovered that when a current passes
through a conductor, it produces magnetic field
around it.
 Consider a wire passing through cardboard as
shown in figure. Place compass needles on the
card board.
 When current is passed through wire compass
show deflection from original direction and
lineup in the direction of magnetic field
established due to electric current.
 Magnetic field established around the wire is in
the form of concentric circles.
 If we reverse the direction of the current by reversing the terminals of the
battery, the compass needle also reverses its direction.
 The magnetic field produced is stronger near the current-carrying conductor
and weaker farther away from it.
Q#2: How can you determine direction of magnetic field around a current carrying
wire?
Ans: Direction of magnetic field around current carrying wire:
Direction of magnetic field around a current carrying wire
can be found using right hand grip rule.
 Grasp a wire with your right hand such that your thumb is pointed in the
direction of current. Then curling fingers of your hand will point in the direction
of the magnetic field.
Q#3: Define solenoid. How can you determine direction of magnetic field around
current carrying solenoid.
Ans: Solenoid:
A coil of wire consisting of many loops is called a solenoid.
The field from each loop in a solenoid adds to the fields of the other loops and
creates greater total field strength.
Direction of magnetic field around a current carrying solenoid:
Direction of magnetic field around a current carrying solenoid can be found using
right hand rule.
If we grip the coil with our right hand by curling our fingers in the direction of
the conventional current, our thumb will indicate the north pole of the coil.

Q#4: Define magnet and its types.

Ans: Magnet:
A magnet (from Greek 'Magnesian stone') is a material or object that produces a
magnetic field.
Types of magnets:
Magnets are of two types:
i. Permanent magnet:
 A permanent magnet is an object made from a material that has its own
persistent magnetic field.
Example: Refrigerator magnet used to hold notes on a refrigerator door.
ii. Electromagnet:
Electromagnets are made of wire wound into a coil (Solenoid).
 Electromagnets are also known as temporary magnets.
 When current is passed through it, magnetic field is
established around it.
 Electromagnets are the most commonly used type of magnet
in motors.
Q#5: (a) When a current carrying wire is placed in a magnetic field, it experiences a
force. Explain.
(b) How can you determine direction of force acting on a current carrying coil
placed inside magnetic field.
Ans: Force acting on a current carrying coil placed inside magnetic field:
Current-carrying wire produces its own magnetic field which interacts with the
field of the magnet. As a result, a force is exerted on the wire.
Factor affecting strength of force:
Following factors affect the magnitude force acting on current carrying wire:
(i) Current through the wire
(ii) Strength of external magnetic field
(iii) Length of the wire inside the magnetic field
Michael Faraday discovered that the force on the
wire is at right angles to both the direction of the
magnetic field and the direction of the current.
Determining the direction of force:
 The direction of the force on a current-carrying wire in a
magnetic field can be found by using Fleming's left-hand rule
stated as:
Stretch the thumb, forefinger and the middle finger of the left
hand mutually perpendicular to each other. If the forefinger
points in the direction of the magnetic field, the middle finger in the direction of
the current, then the thumb would indicate the direction of Remember the
the force acting on the conductor. sequence as FBI

Q#6: Write a note on turning effect on a current carrying coil in a magnetic field.
Ans: Torque acting on a current carrying coil placed inside magnetic field:
When a current carrying coil or loop is placed in
uniform magnetic field it experiences a force. This
force can exert torque on the coil.
 Consider a rectangular coil of wire with sides PQ
and RS, lying perpendicular to the magnetic field
of a permanent magnet.
 When coil is connected with battery, current
enters the loop from one end and leaves from the
other end.
 Now apply Fleming's left-hand rule to each side of the coil. We can see that on
PQ side of the loop force acts upward, while on the RS side of the loop force
acts downward.
 The two forces which are equal in magnitude but opposite in direction form a
couple due to which loop starts rotating.
Factors affecting torque acting on a current carrying loop:
Following factors affect torque acting on current carrying coil/loop:
1. Number of loops ∝ Torque
2. Current through loop ∝ Torque
τ =NIBA sin α
3. Strength of external mangentic field ∝Torque
4. Area of loop ∝ Torque
Q#7: Write a note on DC motor.
Ans: DC Motor:
A device that converts electrical energy into mechanical energy is called motor.
Working principle:
When a current carrying coil is placed inside magnetic field, torque acts on it
due to which it starts rotating.
Construction:
Motor consists of:
1) Magnet
2) Armature/Rotor (Coil of wire)
3) Commutator containing:
(a) Split Rings
(b) Carbon Brush
Working:
 Consider a current carrying coil PQRS placed in between poles of a permanent
magnet. Force acts on its side PQ in upward direction and side RS in downward
direction until the loop reaches vertical position.
 In vertical position net force on the coil is
zero because the forces are still up and down
and hence balanced.
 At this point, current through the coil must
be reversed to allow the coil to rotate
continuously.
 To reverse direction of current, commutator
is used. Commutator consists of a pair of
carbon brushes and a split ring.
 Brushes make contact with the split ring. The
split ring is arranged so that each half of the commutator changes brushes just
as the coil reaches the vertical position. Changing brushes reverse the current
in the loop.
  As a result, the direction of the force on each side of the coil is reversed and it
continues to rotate. This process repeats at each half-turn, causing coil to
rotate in the magnetic field continuously.
Factors affecting speed of armature:
The total force acting on the armature can be increased by increasing:
(i) Number of turns of the coil
(ii) Current in the coil
(iii) Strength of the magnetic field
(iv) Area of the coil
15.5 ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION
Q#8: Define Magnetic field strength. State conditions in which
number of magnetic field lines passing through a certain area
is maximum and minimum.
Ans: Magnetic Field Strength:
Number of magnetic field lines passing through a unit area is
called magnetic field strength.
 The number of lines of force is maximum when the surface
is held perpendicular to the magnetic lines of force.
 It will be minimum when surface is held parallel to the
magnetic lines of force.
Q#9: Define electromagnetic induction. Explain with the help of
activity.
Ans: Electromagnetic induction:
When number of magnetic field lines through a conductor changes, current is
induced in it. This phenomenon is known as electromagnetic induction.
Activity:
 Consider an experimental setup containing a bar
magnet and a coil attached with galvanometer as
shown in figure.
  When the magnet is stationary, no current is induced.
 When the magnet is moved towards the solenoid, the needle of galvanometer
deflects towards right.
 When the magnet is pulled away from the solenoid, the galvanometer deflects
towards left, indicating that the induced current in the solenoid is in the
opposite direction.
Conclusion:
From the above experiments, we conclude that an e.m.f. is induced in the coil
when there is a relative motion between the coil and the magnet i.e., magnetic
field through a conductor changes. This phenomenon is called electromagnetic
induction.
Q#10: Define Faraday’s law of electromagnetic induction. Also write down factors
upon which induced emf depends.
Ans: Faraday’s Law:
The value of induced e.m.f. in a circuit is directly proportional to the rate of
change of number of magnetic lines of force through it.
Factors affecting induced emf:
The magnitude of induced e.m.f. in a circuit depends on the following factors:
1. Speed of relative motion of the coil and the magnet
2. Number of turns of the coil
Q#11: Explain Lenz’s Law. Why is it known as law of conservation of energy.
Ans: Lenz’s Law:
The direction of an induced current in a circuit is always such that it opposes the
cause that produces it.
To demonstrate Lenz’s Law, consider a bar magnet and a coil as shown in figure:
 If we move north pole of a bar magnet towards solenoid,
the direction of the induced current in the solenoid will be
such that it will oppose the motion of magnet coming
towards it. Thus, near end of the solenoid will develop a
 north pole. Hence, according to right hand grip rule, the direction of the
induced current in the solenoid will be clockwise.
 Similarly, when we move the north pole of the magnet
away from the solenoid, near end of solenoid becomes
south pole to oppose the motion of magnet away from
coil. In this case, the direction of the induced current will
be anticlockwise.
Lenz’s Law as law of conservation of energy:
When magnet is moved towards coil, emf is induced in coil in such a way that it
resists motion of magnet towards it.
In order to move coil, mechanical energy must be supplied to overcome this
opposition. The supplied mechanical energy gets converted into electrical energy.
Thus, Lenz’s law is consistent with the law of conservation of energy.
Q#12: Write a detailed note on AC Generator.
Ans: AC Generator:
A device that converts mechanical energy into electrical energy is called
generator.
Working principle: Electromagnetic Induction
When number of magnetic field line through a coil changes, emf is induced in it.
Construction:
Generator consists of:
1) Magnet
2) Armature/Rotor (Coil of wire)
3) Pair of slip rings
4) Carbon Brush
Working:
 If a coil is rotated in a magnetic field, a current will be induced in the coil.
 The strength of this induced current depends upon the number of magnetic
lines of force passing through the coil.
 The number of lines of magnetic force passing through the coil will be
maximum when the plane of the coil is perpendicular to the lines of magnetic
force.
 The number of lines of magnetic force will be zero when plane of the coil is
parallel to the lines of force.
 Thus, when a coil rotates in a magnetic field, the induced current in it
continuously changes from maximum to minimum value and from minimum to
maximum value and so on.
 This is the basic principle on which an A.C generator works.

 The armature is arranged so that it can rotate freely in the magnetic field. As
the armature turns, the wire loops cut through the magnetic field lines and
induced e.m.f. will be produced.
 The e.m.f. developed by the generator depends on the length of the wire
rotating in the field. Increasing the number of loops in the armature, increases
the wire length, thereby increasing the induced e.m.f.
Current from a generator
Position 1: (Vertical Position)
When coil is perpendicular to the field, the number of magnetic field lines passing
through it is maximum, but the change in the number of lines through the coil is
minimum. So e.m.f. induced is minimum and no current flows through it.
 Position 2: (Horizontal Position)
As the loop rotates from the vertical to the horizontal position, rate of change of
magnetic field lines increases, thus the e.m.f and the current increase. When the
loop is in the horizontal position, e.m.f and the current reaches its maximum
value.
Position 3:
As the loop continues to turn, the segment that was moving up begins to move
down and reverses the direction of the e.m.f and the current in the loop. This
change in direction takes place each time the loop turns through 180°. Thus, the
e.m.f and the current change smoothly from zero to some maximum values and
back to zero during each half-turn of the loop.
Q#13: Write a detailed note on mutual induction.
Ans: Mutual Induction:
The phenomenon of production of induced current in one coil due to change of
current in a neighboring coil is called mutual induction.
Explanation:
 Consider two coils A and B placed close to each
other as shown in figure.
 The coil A is connected to a battery and a switch,
while a sensitive galvanometer is connected to
the coil B.
  When the switch of coil A is closed, a current begins to flow in the coil due to
which magnetic field is developed across the coil. Some of the magnetic field
lines start passing through the coil B.
 Since current is changing in the coil A, hence number of magnetic lines of force
across the coil B also changes due to which a current is induced in the coil B.
 When current in the coil A becomes steady, its magnetic field lines become
constant. As number of magnetic field lines through coil B is not changing,
therefore induced current in coil B reduces to zero.
 Similarly, when the switch of the coil A is opened, the flow of current through
it stops and its magnetic field reaches to zero. Due to change in magnetic field,
current is again induced in coil B but in the opposite direction.
Q#14: Write a detailed note on Transformer.
Ans: Transformer:
Transformer is a device used to step up or step-down AC voltages
Working Principle:
Mutual Induction
Construction:
A transformer has two coils, electrically
insulated from each other, but wound around
the same iron core.
1. Primary Coil:
Coil connected with the source of AC Voltage is called primary coil.
2. Secondary Coil:
Coil connected with load is called secondary coil.
Construction and Working:
 When the primary coil is connected to a source of AC voltage, the changing
current creates a changing magnetic field, which is carried through the core to
the secondary coil.
 In the secondary coil, the changing field induces an alternating e.m.f. The
e.m.f. induced in the secondary coil, called the secondary voltage V S is
proportional to the primary voltage V P .
 The secondary voltage also depends on the ratio of the number of turns on the
secondary coil to the number of turns on the primary coil, as shown by the
following expression:
V S NS
=
V P NP
 Step-up Transformer: If the secondary voltage is larger than the primary
voltage, the transformer is called a step-up transformer.
 Step-Down Transformer: If the secondary voltage is smaller than the primary
voltage, the transformer is called a step-down transformer.
 In an ideal transformer, the electric power delivered to the secondary circuit is
equal to the power supplied to the primary circuit. An ideal transformer
dissipates no power itself, and for such a transformer, we can write:
P P=PS

V P I P =V S I S

Example 15.1: If a transformer is used to supply voltage to a 12 V model train

which draws a current of 0.8 A. Calculate the current in the primary if the
voltage of the A.C. source is 240 V.
Given: V P=240 V

V S =12 V

I S=0.8 A

Required: I P =?

Solution: By law of conservation of energy,

Input power=Output power
V P I P =V S I S

V SIS
I P=
VP

( 12 ) ( 0.8 )
I P=
240
 I P =0.04 A

15.10 HIGH VOLTAGE TRANSMISSION

Q#15: The voltage chosen for the transmission of electrical power over large distances
is many times greater than the voltage of the domestic supply. State two
reasons why electrical power is transmitted at high voltage.
Ans: Advantages of transmitting electrical power at high voltage:
Electrical power is the product of voltage and current
P=VI
When voltage is stepped up, current through the conductor decreases. Lower
current has two advantages:
1. Heat loss in transmission line is given by H=I 2 Rt . By decreasing current,
transmission losses decrease.
2. Low current can be transmitted using thin conductor. Thus, cost of
installing thicker conductor is saved.
Note: Transformers work only with A.C. This is one reason why mains power is
supplied as an alternating current.
Q#16: What is relay? Why is it used?
Ans: Relay:
The relay is used to control a large current with the help of a small current.
A relay is an electrical switch that opens
and closes under the control of another
electrical circuit.
The input circuit supplies current to the
electromagnet. The electromagnet is
magnetized and attracts one end of the iron
armature.
The armature then closes the contacts and
allows current to flow in the second circuit. When the 1st switch is opened again,
the current to the electromagnet stops. Now electromagnet loses its magnetism
and the 2nd switch is opened. Thus, the flow of current stops in the 2nd circuit.
 SUMMARY
 When electric current passes through a conductor, a magnetic field is set up in
the space surrounding the conductor. In case of a straight current-carrying
conductor, the lines of force are in the form of concentric circles.
 Direction of magnetic field around a current-carrying conductor can be found
using right hand rule: “Grasp a wire with your right hand such that your thumb is
pointed in the direction of the conventional (positive) current. Then curling
fingers of your hand will point in the direction of the magnetic field”.
 When a straight current-carrying conductor is placed perpendicularly in a
magnetic field, it experiences a force in a direction at right angles to both the
directions of the field and the current.
 When a current-carrying coil is placed in a magnetic field, it experiences a couple
due to which the coil begins to rotate. A D.C motor operates on this principle. It
converts electrical energy into mechanical energy.
 The number of magnetic lines of force passing through a certain surface is known
as the magnetic field strength through that surface.
 When a magnetic field strength through a coil is changing, an e.m.f. is induced in
it. The value of this induced e.m.f. is directly proportional to the rate of change of
magnetic field strength.
 An A.C generator consists of a coil and a magnet. When this coil is made to rotate
in a magnetic field, the magnetic field strength through it continuously changes
due to which an alternating voltage is induced in it. Thus, A.C generator converts
mechanical energy into electrical energy.
 If the change of current in a circuit induces a current in another circuit this
phenomenon is known as mutual induction.
 Transformer is an electrical device which is used to increase or decrease the value
of an alternating voltage. It works on the principle of mutual induction.
 MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS
Choose the correct answer from the following choices:
(i) Which statement is true about the magnetic poles?
(a) unlike poles repel (b) like poles attract
(c) magnetic poles do not effect each other
(d) a single magnetic pole does not exist
(ii) What is the direction of the magnetic field lines inside a bar magnet?
(a) from north pole to south pole (b) from south pole to north pole
(c) from side to side (d) there are no magnetic field lines
(iii) The presence of a magnetic field can be detected by a:
(a) small mass (b) stationary positive charge
(c) stationary negative charge (d) magnetic compass
(iv) If the current in a wire which is placed perpendicular to a magnetic field
increase, the force on the wire:
(a) increases (b) decreases (c) remains same (d) will be zero
(v) A D.C motor converts:
(a) mechanical energy into electrical energy
(b) mechanical energy into chemical energy
(c) electrical energy into mechanical energy
(d) electrical energy into chemical energy
(vi) Which part of a D.C motor reverses the direction of current through the coil
every half-cycle?
(a) Armature (b) Commutator (c) Brushes (d) Slip rings
(vii) The direction of induced e.m.f. in a circuit is in accordance with conservation of
(a) mass (b) charge (c) momentum (d) energy
(viii) The step-up transformer:
(a) increases the input current (b) increases the input voltage
(c) has more turns in the primary (d) has less turns in the secondary coil
(ix) The turn ratios of a transformer is 10. It means:
NP VP
(a) I s=10 I p (b) N S = (c) N S =10 N P (d) V S =
10 10

i. d ii. b iii. d iv. a v. c

vi. d vii. d viii. b ix. c
 REVIEW QUESTIONS
15.1. Demonstrate by an experiment that a magnetic field is produced around a
straight current-carrying conductor.
Ans: Q#1 of notes
15.2. State and explain the rule by which the direction of the lines of force of the
magnetic field around a current-carrying conductor can be determined.
Ans: Q#2 of notes
15.3. You are given an unmarked magnetized steel bar and bar magnet, its north and
south ends are marked N and S respectively. State how would you determine
the polarity at each end of the unmarked bar?
Ans: Unlike poles attract each other and like poles repel each other
We can find polarity of unmarked magnetized steel bar by bringing north pole of
bar magnet near one of its ends.
1. If both of them attract each other, near end of steel bar will be South pole.
2. If both of them repel each other, near end of steel bar will be North pole.
15.4. When a straight current-carrying conductor is placed in a magnetic field, it
experiences a force. State the rule by which the direction of this force can be
found out.
Ans: Q#5 of notes
15.5. State that a current-carrying coil in a magnetic field experiences a torque.
Ans: Q#6 of notes
15.6. What is an electric motor? Explain the working principle of D.C motor.
Ans: Q#7 of notes
15.7. Describe a simple experiment to demonstrate that a changing magnetic field
can induce e.m.f. in a circuit.
Ans: Q#9 of notes
15.8. What are the factors which affect the magnitude of the e.m.f. induced in a
circuit by a changing magnetic field?
Ans: Q#10 of notes
15.9. Describe the direction of an induced e.m.f. in a circuit? How does this
phenomenon relate to conservation of energy?
Ans: Q#11 of notes
15.10. Draw a labelled diagram to illustrate the structure and working of A.C
generator.
Ans: Q#12 of notes
15.11. What do you understand by the term mutual induction?
Ans: Q#13 of notes
15.12. What is a transformer? Explain the working of a transformer in connection with
mutual induction.
Ans: Q#14 of notes
15.13. The voltage chosen for the transmission of electrical power over large distances
is many times greater than the voltage of the domestic supply. State two
reasons why electrical power is transmitted at high voltage.
Ans: Advantages of transmitting electrical power at high voltage:
Electrical power is the product of voltage and current
P=VI
When voltage is stepped up, current through the conductor decreases. Lower
current has two advantages:
1. Heat loss in transmission line is given by H=I 2 Rt . By decreasing current,
transmission losses decrease.
2. Low current can be transmitted using thin conductor. Thus, cost of
installing thicker conductor is saved.
15.14. Why is the voltage used for the domestic supply much lower than the voltage at
which the power is transmitted?
Ans: Higher voltages require greater insulation and are dangerous for human beings.
When power is supplied to end consumer, its voltage is substantially decreased so
that it do not cause and harm to the consumer.
CONCEPTUAL QUESTIONS
15.1. Suppose someone handed you three similar iron bars and told you one was not
magnet, but the other two were. How would you find the iron bar that was not
magnet?
Ans: We will place compass near each of the iron bar and will identify the magnetic
nature of these iron bars. The iron bar which is not the magnet will not cause any
deflection if the needle in the compass.
15.2. Suppose you have a coil of wire and a bar magnet. Describe how you could use
them to generate an electric current.
Ans: When number of magnetic field lines through the coil changes, current is
induced in it.
Thus by moving coil and magnet relative to each other, number of magnetic field
lines through the conductor changes and electric current is generated in it.
15.3. Which device is used for converting electrical energy into mechanical energy?
Ans: Electric motor:
A device that converts electrical energy into mechanical energy is called motor.
Working principle:
When a current carrying coil is placed inside magnetic field, torque acts on it
due to which it starts rotating.
Construction:
Motor consists of:
1) Magnet
2) Armature/Rotor (Coil of wire)
3) Commutator containing:
(a) Split Rings
(b) Carbon Brush
15.4. Suppose we hang a loop of wire so that it can swing easily. If we now put a
magnet into the coil, the coil will start swinging. Which way will it swing relative
to the magnet, and why?
Ans: When we put a magnet into the coil, the coil will start swinging. The reason is
that when magnet moves towards coil, current will be induced in the coil.
According to Lenz’s Law, the current induced will oppose the cause (motion of
magnet towards the coil), and same pole will be produced on the near end of
coil. Due to repulsive force between like poles coil will start swinging .
15.5. A conductor wire generates a voltage while moving through a magnetic field. In
what direction should the wire be moved, relative to the field to generate the
maximum voltage?
Ans: Voltage induced in a coil is given by:
V =ILB sinθ
When θ=90
o

V =ILB sin 90=ILB

Therefore, the conductor wire should move perpendicular to the direction of
magnetic field to produce maximum voltage in it.
15.6. What is the difference between a generator and a motor?
Ans: Difference between motor and generator:
Motor Generator
1 Motor converts electrical energy into Generator converts mechanical
mechanical energy. energy into electrical energy.
 2 It uses electricity. It generates electricity.
It is based on the principle that It is based on the principle in
3 current carrying conductor placed in electromagnetic induction.
a magnetic field experiences a force.
4 Motor follows Fleming Left Hand Generator follows Fleming Right
rule. Hand Rule.
5 Example: Electric car uses motor Example: Electricity is generated in
power station with the help of motor
15.7. What reverses the direction of electric current in the armature coil of D.C
motor?
Ans: Commutator:
Commutator is used to reverse the direction of current in the coil. Commutator
consists of pair of carbon brushes and split rings. Split ring is arranged so that
each half of the commutator changes brushes as the coil reaches vertical position.
Changing brushes reverse the direction of current in the loop.
15.8. A wire lying perpendicular to an external magnetic field carries of a current in
the direction shown in the diagram below. In what direction will the wire move
due to the resulting magnetic force?

Ans: Wire will move in downward direction

Direction of force acting on a current carrying wire placed inside magnetic field
can be found using Fleming left hand rule.
It states that:
Stretch the thumb, forefinger and the middle finger of the left hand mutually
perpendicular to each other. If the forefinger points in the direction of the
magnetic field, the middle finger in the direction of the current, then the thumb
would indicate the direction of the force acting on the conductor.
15.9. Can a transformer operate on direct current?
Ans: No. Transformer can only operate on AC.
Transformer works on the principle of mutual induction.
 The phenomenon of production of induced current in one coil due to change of
current in a neighboring coil is called mutual induction.
Direct current do not change its value, due to which magnetic field through
secondary coil will not change and emf will not be induced in it. Thus transformer
cannot work on DC.
NUMERICAL PROBLEMS
15.1. A transformer is needed to convert a mains 240 V supply into a 12 V supply. If
there are 2000 turns on the primary coil, then find the number of turns on the
secondary coil. Ans. (100)
Given: V P=240 V
V S =12 V
N P=2000
Required: N S =?
V S NS
Solution: =
V P NP
VS
NS= × NP
VP
12
NS= ×2000
240
N S =100 turns
15.2. A step-up transformer has a turn ratios of 1 : 100. An alternating supply of 20 V
is connected across the primary coil. What is the secondary voltage?
Ans.(2000V)
NP 1
Given: =
N S 100
V P=20 V
Required: V S =?
V S NS
Solution: =
V P NP
NS
V S= ×VP
NP
100
V S= ×20
1
V S =2000 V
15.3. A step-down transformer has a turns ratio of 100 : 1. An ac voltage of amplitude
170 V is applied to the primary. If the current in the primary is 1.0 mA, what is
the current in the secondary? Ans. (0.1A)
 N P 100
Given: NS
=
1
V P=170 V
−3
I P =1mA =1 ×10 A
Required: I S=?
IS N P
Solution: =
I P NS
NP
I S= ×IP
NS
100 −3
I S= × 1× 10
1
I S=0.1 A
15.4. A transformer, designed to convert the voltage from 240 V a.c mains to 12 V,
has 4000 turns on the primary coil. How many turns should be on the secondary
coil? If the transformer were 100% efficient, what current would flow through
the primary coil when the current in the secondary coil was 0.4 A?
Ans. (200, 0.02A)
Given: V P=240 V
V S =12 V
N P=4000
I S=0.4 A
Required: N S =?
I P =?
V S NS
Solution: =
V P NP
VS
NS= × NP
VP
12
NS= × 4000
240
N S =200 turns
I P NS
=
IS N P
NS
I P= ×I
NP S
200
I P= × 0.4
4000
I P =0.02 A
15.5. A power station generates 500 MW of electrical power which is fed to a
transmission line. What current would flow in the transmission line, if the input
voltage is 250 kV? Ans. (2 x 103 A)
Given: 6
P=500 MW =500 ×10 W
V =250 kV
Required: I =?
Solution: P=VI
P
I=
V
6
500× 10
I= 3
250× 10
3
I =2 ×10 A