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Activity 1 and 2

Chemistry practical

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krishnakchintawar
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163 views4 pages

Activity 1 and 2

Chemistry practical

Uploaded by

krishnakchintawar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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𝑷𝑹𝑬𝑹𝑵𝑨 𝑰𝑵𝑻𝑬𝑹𝑵𝑨𝑻𝑰𝑶𝑵𝑨𝑳 𝑺𝑪𝑯𝑶𝑶𝑳

𝑺𝑻𝑫 𝑿𝑰𝑰
𝑺𝑬𝑺𝑺𝑰𝑶𝑵: 𝟐𝟎𝟐𝟒 − 𝟐𝟓
𝑴𝑨𝑻𝑯𝑬𝑴𝑨𝑻𝑰𝑪𝑺 𝑨𝑪𝑻𝑰𝑽𝑰𝑻𝒀

INSTRUCTIONS:
1) Write demonstration, method of
construction in right hand side blank page.
2) Draw the diagram on right hand side page.
3) Write objective, method required,
observation and application on left hand side
page.

Activity 1
OBJECTIVE:
To verify that the relation R in the set L of all lines in a plane, defined by R = {(l,
m): l  m} is symmetric but neither reflexive nor transitive.
METHOD REQUIRED:
A piece of plywood, some pieces of wires (8), nails, whitepaper, glueetc.
METHOD OF CONSTRUCTION:
Take a piece of plywood and paste a white paper on it. Fix the wires randomly on
the plywood with the help of nails such that some of them are parallel, some are
perpendicular to each other and some are inclined as shown in Fig.
DEMONSTRATION :
1. Let the wires represent the lines l1, l2, ..., l8.
2. l1 is perpendicular to each of the lines l2, l3, l4. [see Fig. 1]
3. l6 is perpendicular to l7.
4. l2 is parallel to l3, l3 is parallel to l4 and l5 is parallel to l8.
5. (l1, l2), (l1, l3), (l1, l4), (l6, l7)  R
OBSERVATION
1. In Fig. 1, no line is perpendicular to itself, so the relation R =
{( l, m) : l  m} R is reflexive (is/is not).

2. In Fig. 1, l1  l2 . Is l2  l1 ? Answer is yes

 ( l1, l2)  R  ( l2, l1)𝜖 𝑅

Similarly, l3  l1 . Is l1  l3 ? answer is yes

 ( l3, l1)  R  ( l1, l3) 𝜖 R

Also, l6  l7. Is l7  l6 ? answer is Yes

 ( l6, l7)  R  ( l7, l6) 𝜖 R

 The relation R is symmetric


3. In Fig. 1, l2  l1 and l1 l3 . Is l2  l3? Answer is no

i.e., (l2, l1)  R and (l1 , l3)  R  (l2, l3) 𝜖 R

 The relation R is not transitive.

APPLICATION
This activity can be used to check whether a
given relation is an equivalence relation or not.

NOTE
1. In this case, the relation is
not an equivalence relation.
2. The activity can be repeated by taking some more wire in different positions.
Activity 2
OBJECTIVE:
To verify that the relation R in the set L of all lines in a plane, defined by R =
{( l, m) : l || m} is an equivalence relation.
METHOD REQUIRED:
A piece of plywood, some pieces of wires (8), nails, whitepaper, glueetc.
METHOD OF CONSTRUCTION:
Take a piece of plywood of convenient size and paste a white paper on it. Fix the
wires randomly on the plywood with the help of nails such that some of them are
parallel, some are perpendicular to each other and some are inclined as shown in Figure.
DEMONSTRATION :
1. Let the wires represent the lines l1, l2, ..., l8.
2. l1 is perpendicular to each of the lines l2, l3, l4 (see Fig. 2).
3. l6 is perpendicular to l7.
4. l2 is parallel to l3, l3 is parallel to l4 and l5 is parallel to l8.
5. (l2, l3), (l3, l4), (l5, l8),  R

OBSERVATION :
1. In Fig. 2, every line is parallel to itself. So the relation R = {( l, m) : l || m}
is reflexive relation
2. In Fig. 2, observe that l2 l3 . Is l3 . ||.. l2
So, (l2, l3)  R  (l3, l2)  R
Similarly, l3 || l4. Is l4 || l3?
So, (l3, l4)  R  (l4, l3)  R
and (l5, l8)  R  (l8, l5) R

 The relation R ... symmetric relation (is/is not)


3. In Fig. 2, observe that l2 || l3 and l3 || l4. Is l2 || l4
So, (l2, l3)  R and (l3, l4  R  (l2, l4)  R

Similarly, l3 || l4 and l4 || l2. Is l3 || l2

So, (l3, l4)  R, (l4, l2)  R  (l3, l2) 

R
Thus, the relation R ... transitive relation (is/is not)
Hence, the relation R is reflexive, symmetric and transitive. So, R is an
equivalence relation.

APPLICATION:
This activity is useful in understanding the concept of
an equivalence relation.

NOTE

This activity can be repeated by taking some more wires in different positions.

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