Republic of the Philippines

Region IV-A CALABARZON

Division of Lipa City
Kolehiyo ng Lungsod ng Lipa
Barangay Dos, Lipa City Batangas

A Detailed Lesson Plan in G9 English

Argumentative Essay: Types of Argument Claims
May 3, 2024

I. LEARNING OBJECTIVES

At the end of the lesson, students will be able to:

a) differentiate the types of argument claims through statement analysis;

b) create an argumentative by using the different types of arguments; and
c) create presentations that visually represent their understanding about the subject matter
through collaborative work.

II. SUBJECT MATTER

A. Topic: Types of Argument Claims

B. References:
• Types of Claims: Establishing Purpose and Organization
https://www.dvusd.org/cms/lib/AZ01901092/Centricity/Domain/4781/Claims%205%2
0types%20Abridged.pdf
C. Instructional Materials: Blackboard, Printed Instructional Materials, Traditional
Instructional Materials
Technology Integration: Digital Screens, PowerPoint Presentation

III. LESSON PROPER

TEACHER’S ACTIVITY STUDENT’S ACTIVITY

A. PRELIMINARY ACTIVITIES

1. Prayer
2. Greetings
3. Checking of Class Attendance
 4. Review of Past Lesson

Last time, we talked about logical fallacies.

Can you tell me something you remembered
from our discussion on that topic?

Sir, logical fallacy are statements or

arguments that sounds true but are not.
Thank you for that. When we say logical
fallacies, it is when an argument sound true
but they are actually flawed or not true at all.
Now, we have four types of logical fallacies.
Can you give me the first one?
The first one is hasty generalization, which is
when people make assumptions based on one
experience alone.
That’s great. Can you provide one example of
hasty generalization?
(Answers may vary)
Possible Answer:
Liza tried one brand of cereal and didn't like
it, so she concluded that all cereals from that
brand must be bad.
That’s great! Can you give me another type
of logical fallacy?

The second one is post hoc, which is when

two unrelated events were connected just
because they happened one after the other and
then a conclusion is made.
Very well said. Can you give me an example
that shows post hoc?
(Answers may vary)
Possible Answer:
Ben prayed for good luck before the exam,
and he got a 100. My prayer must have
influenced the outcome of the exam.
Thank you for that. Can you now provide me
the third type of logical fallacy?
The third one is slippery slope. It happens
when a chain of reaction happens, starting
from the simplest thing and ending in a
terrible one.
Can you provide me an example?
(Answers may vary)
Possible Answer:
 I forgot to bring my pen in school so I wasn’t
able to take some notes. As a result, I wasn’t
able to review for the exam. I failed the exam.
I never graduate. I end up homeless.
Thank you for a great example of slippery
slope. And what is the last type of logical
fallacy we learned?
The last one is appeal to authority. It is when
we rely to the authoritative figure we look up
to as a basis on the information even though
they are not an expert on a specific field.
Can you give an example for appeal to
authority?
(Answers may vary)
Possible Answer:
My dad said that I should not take
paracetamol whenever I have a headache
because it doesn’t work on him so it won’t
work on me too.
Thank you so much for that! It seems like you
already know a lot about logical fallacies and
its differences and why we should avoid
them. With that, let’s have a new lesson for
today. But before that, let us have a quick
activity.

B. DEVELOPMENTAL ACTIVITIES

Motivation

"Voice it Out”

Mechanics:
• The class will be divided into
two groups.
• A controversial topic will be
shown on the screen.
• One group will defend one side
the topic and the other will
decide the other.
• Their stand will be determined
via rock, paper, scissor.
• Each group will choose their
representative to present their
argument and side of the topic.
• Each representative will be given
1 minute to think about their
argument at the start, with the
 help of their group.
• The debate will end if the other
side have nothing to say about
the issue anymore by waving
their white flag.

TOPICS:
• Ferdinand Marcos Sr., Hero or Not?
• Does Jose Rizal deserve the title as
“The National Hero” or Bonifacio
deserves it more?
• “Diploma or Diskarte”, which is the
path for a better life?

Are we clear with the instructions?

Yes, Sir.
Alright. Let me debate, begins.
(The students will present their arguments
accordingly)

Analysis

You may notice on our activity that even

though you don’t like your side of a
controversial issue, you still have to fight for
it and defend it. That idea is related to our
topic for today which is all about
argumentative essay.

Let us check the definition of this. Let us

read the slide.
Argumentative essay meaning is a type of
essay that presents arguments about both
sides of an issue and persuades the reader to
agree with the writer's point of view
Pretty much like what happened on our
activity earlier, your goal in an
argumentative essay is to convince other
people into believing that your side of the
topic is valid. On our activity earlier, even
though you didn’t like your side, you still
have to defend it because that is your goal.
Same with argumentative essay writing.

There are three things that you need to do in

writing an argumentative essay. Let us read
what are those in 3, 2, 1.
 THREE THINGS TO CONSIDER IN AN
ARGUMENTATIVE ESSAY:
(1) state your opinion,
(2) give reasons to support your opinion, and
(3) argue against the opposite opinion.

Number one: you have to state your opinion;

you have to make a stand. The claim or this
opinion is typically stated in the introduction
and then in conclusion.

Number two: give reasons to support your

opinion. Remember, this is an
argumentative essay, so you need more than
just an opinion. Even the strongest stance
won't be compelling if it's not structured
properly and reinforced with solid reasoning
and evidence.

Number three: you have to support your

opinions with pieces of evidence. So, we
already have studied the different types of
evidence that we could use in supporting our
opinion, and your essay should also include
not just your viewpoint but also the
opposing viewpoint or utility encounter
argument.

By considering these three, your essay will

be balanced and more likely, the reader will
believe your claims and argument.

Arguments can be categorized according to

one of five types of claims. Let us check
what are those 5 claims. But before that, let
us define what claim is. What is your idea of
a claim? (Answers may vary)

A claim is an arguable statement that defines

your goal of the essay.

TYPES OF CLAIM THAT LEADS TO

AN ARGUMENT:
1. Claims of Fact
2. Claims of Definition
3. Claims of Cause
4. Claims of Value
5. Claims of Policy
Let’s have claim of fact first. As a refresher,
what do you mean by fact again?

A fact I based on information with

evidences.
That’s right. Let us check what claims of fact
means n the context of argumentative essay.
Here are some questions you need to
consider in an argument through claims of
fact:
Claim of Fact
• Did it happen?
• Does it exist?
• Is it true?
• Is it a fact?
For example, when you are claiming that you
have submitted your project on time, even if
your teacher cannot find it, you are making a
claim of fact. You will then present some
evidences to prove that you really did
submitted your project.

Remember, if it is supported by an evidence,

then you are making a claim of fact. Let us
have the next one.

Claims of Definition:
• What is it?
• How should we define it?
• What is it like?
• How should it be classified?
• How should we interpret it?
• How does its usual meaning change
in a particular context?

Claim of definition refers to the dictionary

meaning of what you're arguing plus your
own personal understanding of it because
sometimes an argument can focus on the
term. For example, your debate is about
abortion. One can argue that a fetus is a
human being and then the other will argue
that a fetus is just a group of cells. So here
you are making a claim of definition because
the term fetus was defined differently. Our
activity earlier is an example of claim of
definition too. The one about Marcos.
Because it asked you on what your definition
of a hero is.

Let us have another one.

 Claims of Cause
• What caused it?
• Where did it come from?
• Why did it happen?
• What are the effects?
• What will probably be the results
over the short and the long term?

It's the significance of what you're arguing. Is

it good or bad? Is it moral or immoral? So for
example, when you claim that public schools
are better than private schools, you are
making a claim of value.

Let us have another one.

Claims of Value:
• Is it good or bad?
• How bad?
• How good?
• Of what worth is it?
• Is it moral or immoral?

Claim of value deals with the significance of

what you're arguing. Is it good or bad? Is it
moral or immoral? For example, when you
claim that public schools are better than
private schools, you are making a claim of
value.

Let us have the last one.

Claims of Policy:
• What should we do about it?
• How should we act?
• What should our future policy be?
• How can we solve this problem?
• What concrete course of action
should we pursue to solve the
problem?

Lastly, policy. So why the reader should care

and what they should do about it after
reading. For example, when you claim that all
new students should attend orientation, you
are making a claim of policy.

Abstraction

Once again, can you provide the five types

of claims that leads to an argument?
Claim of Fact
Claim of Definition
 Claim of Cause
Claim of Value
Claim of Policy

Application

Individual Activity

Directions:
Choose one topic and write an argumentative
essay about it. You must use one out of five
types of claim in your essay.

TOPICS:
• Political dynasties: Pro or No?
• Reproductive health: Debate the
controversial Reproductive Health
Law in the Philippines, discussing its
provisions related to family planning,
contraception, and sexual education,
and the religious and cultural
opposition it has faced.
• Media freedom and press censorship:
Discuss challenges to media freedom
in the Philippines, including threats to
journalists' safety, attacks on press
freedom, and the role of independent
journalism in a democratic society.
• LGBTQ+ rights: Examine the
progress and challenges in advancing
LGBTQ+ rights and equality in the
Philippines, including debates over
anti-discrimination legislation, same-
sex marriage, and societal acceptance
and inclusivity.

The essay will be graded based on the

following rubrics:

Criteria 5 4 3 2
Organization
(the ideas are
logically
organized and
concise.)
Creativity
(the ideas
presented are
interesting,
 unique, and
original.)
Relevance

(convinces he
audience on the
validity of
ideas/concepts
presented.)
Content/Message
(the
ideas/concepts
presented are full
of morals)

(The students will work accordingly)

(A 5-minute timer will be flashed on the

screen.)

IV. EVALUATION:
Directions: Determine the type of claims each statement shows. Choose the letter of the
correct answer. Use ¼ sheet of paper.

1. State that an issue/case is true, verifiable, and objective.

A. Claim of Fact
B. Claim of Definition
C. Claim of Value
D. Claim of Cause
E. Claims of Policy

2. Show judgement to the relative merit, goodness or badness, or rightness or wrongness of an

issue/case.
A. Claim of Fact
B. Claim of Definition
C. Claim of Value
D. Claim of Cause
E. Claims of Policy
3. Provide a course of action or what to do about the issue/case.
A. Claim of Fact
B. Claim of Definition
C. Claim of Value
D. Claim of Cause
E. Claims of Policy

4. Show the relationship between an issue/case and its consequences.

A. Claim of Fact
B. Claim of Definition
C. Claim of Value
D. Claim of Cause
E. Claims of Policy

5. The entire argument can center around the definition of a term.

A. Claim of Fact
B. Claim of Definition
C. Claim of Value
D. Claim of Cause
E. Claims of Policy

Answer Key:
1. A
2. C
3. E
4. D
5. B

V. VALUING
Answer the following questions:

• Why is it important to avoid look on different sides of things before providing a

claim for an argument? What will happen if we just jump into conclusions without
checking on all sides of a story?
VI. ASSIGNMENT
Do some research on the different societal issues in the Philippines. Write the information on
your English notebook. Submission will be on May 10, 2024, Friday.

Prepared by:

JERALD R. MARALIT
Student Teacher

Checked by:

VENNARD F. FADEROGAO
Cooperating Teacher