Pavement Soil Types:

A highway pavement is a multi-layered Soil serves as the foundation for Cutback Bitumen: Viscosity-reduced
structure designed to distribute the pavement, providing support bitumen using volatile solvents like
vehicle loads to the sub-grade while and stability. Types of soil used naptha or gasoline. Classified as
providing a durable and safe driving include: curing (RC), medium curing (MC), and
surface. The pavement system is
Natural Subgrade: Undisturbed soil slow curing (SC) based on solvent
composed of various materials, each
beneath the pavement. evaporation rates.
serving a specific function to ensure
longevity and performance. Compacted Subgrade: Soil Bitumen Emulsion: Bitumen
compacted by compaction suspended in an aqueous medium.
Function of Pavement The primary
equipment.Soil is also used in Ideal for hill road construction and
functions of pavement are subgrade, embankment, shoulder, available in rapid setting (RS), medium
Load Distribution: Distribute vehicle and stabilized subbase applications. setting (MS), and slow setting (SC)
loads to prevent them from exceeding It's essential to ensure the soil grades.
the bearing capacity of the sub-grade meets the required specifications for Modified Bitumen: Bitumen treated
strength and compaction.
Riding Quality: Provide a smooth and with modifiers like polymers or crumb
comfortable driving surface. Aggregate rubber to enhance properties like
Skid Resistance: Ensure adequate Aggregates are mineral materials temperature resistance, adhesion, and
crack prevention.
grip to prevent skidding. like sand, gravel, and crushed
stone used in various pavement Desirable Properties:
Light Reflectance:Maintain favorable
light reflecting characteristics for layers. They are classified into: Temperature Stability: Should not
better visibility. Natural: Extracted from quarries. become too soft in hot weather or too
brittle in cold weather.
Noise Reduction: Minimize noise Manufactured: Byproducts from
pollution from vehicular traffic. manufacturing industries, like slag Viscosity: Adequate for mixing and
or broken brick ballast. compaction.
Proper selection of materials is
crucial to achieve these functions Desirable Properties Affinity with Aggregates: Strong
effectively. adhesion to ensure a durable mix.
Strength: High resistance to
Materials Used in Pavement crushing due to traffic loads. Flexible Pavement:
Surface and Binder: Hardness: Able to resist abrasive •Multi-layered with decreasing quality
Bituminous Mix: Comprises crushed action from traffic. of material from top to bottom.
rock or gravel combined with bitumen, Toughness: Resist impact from Load distribution through grain-to-
offering excellent binding properties. wheel movements. grain contact and aggregate
Base: Shape: Cubical, angular, or rounded interlock.
shapes are preferred over flaky or Design influenced by subgrade
Crushed Stone, Slag, Over Burnt
Bricks: Provides a stable foundation elongated particles. strength.
for the surface layers. Adhesion with Bitumen: Should not Rigid Pavement:
have a high affinity with water to
Subbase: Concrete top layer with a base course
prevent stripping of bitumen.
Natural Sand, Aggregate: Includes and soil subgrade.
Durability: Must withstand adverse
crushed gravel, stone, slag, or a Transfers wheel loads through slab
weather conditions and remain free
combination, along with soft action.
from deleterious substances.
aggregates like brick ballast and
Greater flexural strength compared to
kankar.Can also include lime, cement,
flexible pavement
or cement-fly ash treated soil.
Compacted Subgrade: In-situ Soil:
The natural soil compacted using
compaction equipment.

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