DESIGN OF DOUBLY REINFORCED BEAMS (USD)

PROBLEM 1
Determine the required reinforcement steel area for a concrete beam carrying service
dead and live loads. Doubly reinforced concrete beam section by adding compression
reinforcement. It is desired that the section for this cantilever beam be tension
controlled.
a. Required reinforcement steel area
b. If compression reinforcement has yielded
c. Tension Reinforcement

Mu = 1.2 MDL + 1.6 MLL = 1.2 (234) +

1.6(414)
Mu = 943 kip-ft
Assuming a tension-controlled section
→ 0.090
Mn = 943 / 0.9 = 1048 kip-ft

Mns’= 1048 - 855 = 193 kip-ft

Mns’= Cs(d-d’) → Cs = Mns’/(d-d’)= 193(12)/ (26 - 3) = 101 kips
Es = (c-d’/c)(Ecu) = 9.75 - 3 / 9.75 x 0.003 = 0.0021 > Ey = 0.00207
Therefore, f’s = fy = 60,000 psi
Cs = (f’s - 0.85f’c) A’s → As = Cs / ((f’s - 0.85f’c) = 101 / (60 - 0.85x5) = 1.81 in 2

Ts = Cc + Cs = 464 + 101 = 565 kip

Ts = fyAs → As = Ts / Fy = 565 / 60
Ts = 9.42 in2

PROBLEM 2
Given the following data of a rectangular
beam:
Width, b = 300 mm
Effective depth, d = 500 mm
Concrete Strength, f’c = 27.5 MPa
Steel Strength, fy = 415 MPa
Service Loads:
Dead Load Moment = 200 kN-m
Live Load Moment = 220 kN-m
If necessary, the effective cover to the centroid
of compression steel is 65 mm

a. Maximum Moment Capacity

b. Determine how many 25 - mm bars of tension are needed
c. Determine how many 25 - mm bars of compression are needed

Mu = 1.4DL + 1.7LL
Mu = 1.4 (200) + 1.7 (220)
Mu = 654 kn-m
Mu = = ∅Mn = ∅(C or T) (d - a / 2)
654 x 106 = 0.9 (0.85)(27.5)(a)(300)(500-a/2)
a = 293.24 mm

See if tension steel yields:

β1 = 0.85 (f’c <30)

C = a / β1 = 293.24 / 0.85 = 344.98 mm

Fs = 600(d-c) / c = 600(500-344.98) / 344.98 = 269.60 MPA

Fs < Fy (Steel does not yield)

C=T

0.85f’cAc = AsFy
0.86(27.5)(300)(293.24) = As (269.60)
As = 7627.18 mm2

Pmin = Larger of (1.4 / Fy) = 0.00337

Asmin = pminbd = 0.00337(300)(500) = 506.02 mm2

Pmax = 0.75pbal = 0.75 [(0.85(27.5)(0.85)(600) / 415(300+415)] = 0.0212

Asmax = pmaxbd = 0.0212(300)(500) = 3183.91 mm2
Since Asmin < As > Asmax
Therefore, compression bars needed.
Mn1 = ( C or T ) (d - a/2)
Mn1 = 0.85 (27.5)(300)(188.42)(500-188.42 /2)
Mn1 = 536.18 kN-m

Nominal Moment:
Mn = Mu / 0.9 = 654 / 0.9 = 726.67 kN - m
Mn = Mn1 +Mn2
726.67 = 536.18 + Mn2
Mn2 = 190.49 kN - m
Mn2 = (C or T) (d-d’)
Mn2 = T(d-d’)
Mn = As2fy (d-d’)
190.49 x106 = As2 (415) (500 - 65)
As2 = 1055.20 mm2

As = As1 + As2
As = 3183.91 + 1055.20
As = 4239.11 mm2
For tension steel:
N = As / Ab = 4239.11 / 3.14(25)2 = 8.64
N = say 9 tension bars
For compression steel:
N = As / Ab = 1055.20 / 3.14(25)2 = 2.15
N = say 3 compression bars

PROBLEM 3
Given a doubly reinforced concrete beam, b = 350 mm, d = 435 mm, As = 5 – 36 mm
φ bars and A’s = 2 – 25 mm φ bars. The concrete strength is f’c = 21 MPa and the
yield strength of steel is 275 MPa.

a. Determine the actual compressive strength.

b. Determine the nominal Moment Strength
c. Determine the ultimate moment capacity of the beam.
Pmax = 0.75pbal = [ 0.75 ( 0.85(21)(0.85)(600) / 275 (600 + 275) ] = 0.028
Asmax = pmax bd
Asmax = 0.028 (350)(435)
Asmax = 4320.02 mm2
Assume compression steel bars yields, f’s = fy

Cc + Cs = T
0.85f’cAc + A’sFy = AsFy
0.85(21)(a)(350) + 312.5(3.14)(274) = 1620(275)
a = 180.81 mm
Check if compression steel bars yield:
β1 = 0.85 (f’c < 28)
C = a/β1 = 180.81 / 0.85 = 212.71 mm
f’s = 600(c-d’) / c = 600 (212.71 - 65) / 21.71 = 416.66 MPa
F’s > fy (Correct Assumption)
Accept computed value of a and c
Nominal Moment Strength:
Mn = Mn1 + Mn2
Mn1 = 0.85(21)(180.81)(350)(435 - 180.81/2) = 389.26 kN - m
Mn2 = 312.5(275)(435 - 65) = 99.89 kN - m
Mn = 3889.26 + 99.89
Mn =489.15 kN - m

Ultimate Moment Strength:

Mu = 0.9Mn
Mu = 0.9 (489.15)
Mu - 440,23 kN – m

PROBLEM 4
The cantilever beam shown is to carry the loads P and w. The concentrated load P
consists of PDL=55 kN and PLL=34 kN. The uniform load w consists of wDL=19 kN/m
(including beam weight) and w LL=11 kN/m. The prescribed beam size is b=300mm,
d=430mm and d’=70mm. The materials properties are fc’=25 MPa for concrete and
Grade 40 rebars. The span length of the beam is 2.2m.
a. Determine the ultimate moment capacity of the beam.
w P

b. Determine the tension reinforcement.

c. Determine the compression reinforcement.
Solution:
Step 1) Determine 1 and max
1 = 0.85 for fc’ = 25 MPa < 28 MPa
max = = 0.028047

Step 2) Determine Rmax using fy=276 MPa and fc’=25 MPa

Rmax = 0.028047*276* = 6.3311 MPa

Step 3) Determine Mmax from Eqn. 16 using b=300mm and d=430mm.

Mmax = 6.3311*300*4302*10-6 = 316.07 kN-m
Step 4) Determine the design moment Mu and compare
with Mmax.

wu = 1.2*19 + 1.6*11 = 40.4 kN/m

Pu = 1.2*55 + 1.6*34 = 120.4 kN

M u= = = 362.65 kN-m
362.65 kN-m > Mmax, therefore, the section has to be designed
as “doubly”.
Step 5) Determine As1 from Eqn. (15).
As1 = 0.028047*300*430 = 3618.1 mm2
Step 6) Determine the required additional nominal moment capacity, M2.

M2 = 316.07 = 86.875 kN-m

Step 7) Determine As2 and the total As from Eqn. 17.

A s2 = = 874.35

mm2 and

A s = 3618.1 + 874.35 = 4492.5

mm2

Step 8) Determine the stress in the compression steel, fsc by doing the following steps:
a= = = 156.64

mm

c = a/1 = 156.64/0.85 = 184.29 mm

 = = 372.09 MPa > fy = 276 MPa
Therefore, fsc = 276 MPa
Step 9) Determine the required area of compression rebars, A’s

= = 687.83 mm2
PROBLEM 5
Design a rectangular with b=250mm and effective depth, d=400 mm to carry a
factored moment of 272 kN-m. Use Fy= 345 mpa, f’c=20.7 Mpa. Use d’=60 mm if
compression steel is needed.
a. Determine the ultimate moment capacity of the beam.
b. Determine the tension reinforcement.
c. Determine the compression reinforcement.
SOLUTION
Solving for Mumax:
Pmax=0.75Pbal=[ 0.75 ( 0.85(20.7)(0.85)(600) / 276 (600 + 276) ] = 0.0206
Rumax= 0.9(0.0206)(345)[1-0.0206(345/1.7*20.7)]=5.112
Mu1= Rumaxbd^2
Mu1= 204.5 kN-m

As1=Pmaxbd=0.0206(250)(400)= 2064.29 mm^2

Mu2=Mu-Mu1=67.50 kN-m
As2=Mu2/0.9Fy(d-d’)
As2= 639.41
As= As1+As2
As= 2703.07 mm^2

a= As1Fy/0.85f’cb= 2064.29(345)/(0.85)(20.7)(250)
a= 161.905 mm
c = a/1=190.48 mm
f’s= 600(c-d’/c)=600[(190.48-60)/190.48]= 411 MPa
A’s+As2
As’= 639.41 mm^2

PROBLEM 6
A reinforced concrete beam is limited to a width of 250 mm and effective depth of 400 mm
due to aesthetic considerations. The beam is subjected to bending moment Mu =
272 kN-m. Use d’= 60 mm if compression reinforcement is needed. fc’ = 21 MPa, fy =
345 MPa.
a. Determine the ultimate moment capacity of the beam. Answer: 175.214 KN-m
b. Determine the tension reinforcement. Answer: 2307mm^2
c. Determine the compression reinforcement. Answer: 855 mm^2
PROBLEM 7
A concrete beam has a width of 350 mm and an effective depth of 600 mm. It is
reinforced with 4-D36 in tension and 2-D28 in compression placed at 60 mm above the
bottom of the beam. fc’=21 MPa, fy=345 MPa.
a. Determine the stress on the compression bars. Answer: 407.044 MPa
b. Determine the nominal moment capacity of the section. Answer: 783.765 kN-
m

c. Determine the ultimate moment capacity of the section. Answer: 705.388 kN-
m

PROBLEM 8
Design a rectangular beam to carry a factored moment of 272 kN-m. The beam’s widh
is 250mm with an effective depth of 400mm for tensile reinforcement and 60 mm for
compressive reinforcement. Fy= 344.7 Mpa, f’c= 207 Mpa.
a. Determine the ultimate moment capacity of the beam. Answer: 188.71 KN-m
b. Determine the tension reinforcement. Answer: 2649.11 mm^2
c. Determine the compression reinforcement. Answer: 784.64 mm^2

PROMBLEM 9
Design a rectangular beam to resist a factored of 790 kN-m. The size of the beam is limited to
375mm x 600mm. Steel covering (from bar centroid fiber) is 100mm for both tension and
compression bars. F’c= 27.5Mpa and grade 60 with Fy=414 MPa.
a. Determine the ultimate moment capacity of the beam. Answer: 587.60 KN-m
b. Determine the tension reinforcement. Answer: 5214.53 mm^2
c. Determine the compression reinforcement. Answer: 1756.99 mm^2
PROBLEM 10
Design a rectangular beam to resist an ultimatr moment equal to 550 KN-m. If the
beam has a width of 400mm and a total depth equal to 550mm. F’c=21 MPa, Fy=415
MPa. Use 32mm for tensile reinforcement and if compression reinforcement is needed,
use 20mm for compression bars.
a. Determine the ultimate moment capacity of the beam. Answer: 467.22 KN-m
b. Determine the tension reinforcement. Answer: 3595.3 mm^2
c. Determine the compression reinforcement. Answer: 499.17 mm^2