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The Digestive System

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
13 views43 pages

The Digestive System

Uploaded by

mshezi841
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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The Digestive

System
2
༝ Also called: “
༝ 1. Gastrointestinal tract
༝ 2. Digestive tract
༝ 3. Alimentary canal

3
The purpose
• The digestive system breaks down food into nutrients
that can be absorbed into the blood stream.
• Blood then transports the nutrients to cells

Why? Importance of Digestion


• To make small molecules that can pass through
the cell membrane
• Supplies ENERGY to the cell (cellular respiration)
4
MAIN PROCESSES
1. Ingestion
- The intake of food
- Biting and Chewing into smaller
pieces
2. Digestion
- Breaking down food into smaller
substances that can be absorbed and
pass through cell membranes
- Small intestine mainly
Types of Digestion
Mechanical Digestion
A process in which food is broken down into smaller parts
by tearing, pushing, mixing and grinding/crushing food.
- Food is physically broken down into smaller pieces

Chemical Digestion
Occurs when crushed food is mixed with enzymes and
gastric juices.
-Food is broken down into its simplest forms by chemicals
Mechanical digestion

Physical
breaking

Same substance, smaller pieces

7
Chemical digestion

Chemical
breakdown

New substance made up of


smaller building blocks

8
MAIN PROCESSES
3. Absorption
- this is when soluble nutrients are taken
up by the blood stream in the
intestines.
4. Egestion
- occurs when undigested food, called faeces is
passed out of the body via the anus.
Salivary
Mouth Glands

Oesophagus
Liver Stomach
Gall Bladder Pancreas
Small Large
Intestine Intestine

Anus 10
t e m
S ys
s t i v e
D i g e
The path food travels:
MOSS Likes Red Apples
NB!!
Egestion is when undigested
particles are passed out the body

Excretion is when the body gets


rid of metabolic waste formed
from chemical reactions taking
place in the body.

12
4 processes of digestion

✔ Ingestion

✔ Digestion

✔ Absorption

✔ Egestion
Label the Digestive system:
1. __________________
2. __________________
3. __________________
4. __________________
5. __________________
6. __________________
7. __________________
8. __________________
9. __________________
14
First Stop:
The Mouth
• Teeth chew food into smaller pieces
• Saliva is mixed with food.
1. The Mouth

16
༝ Chemical and mechanical digestion
༝ Digestion starts here

༝ Mechanical – teeth and tongue


༝ Responsible for chewing (into smaller
pieces) and mixing food with saliva

༝ Chemical – saliva is added from salivary


glands
༝ Saliva contains enzymes that break down
starch 17
18
nd
2 stop:
The Oesophagus
• Muscular tube that carries a bolus
of food to the stomach
2. Oesophagus

20
NB: No digestion takes place!
༝ Just for transport
༝ The epiglottis is a small flap of cartilage
༝ Covers the trachea when swallowing to
prevent food going down “the wrong pipe”

21
22
༝ Food moves down the oesophagus by
peristalsis
༝ Peristalsis = wave-like contractions
caused by alternating contracting and
relaxing of muscles

Bolus of food
moving down
the oesophagus
To the stomach!

23
24
rd
3 Stop: Stomach
• Muscular organ that stores solid
food
• Mixes the food with digestive
juices to make chyme.
3. Stomach

26
Structure of Stomach
༝ Folded ridges of muscle inside
༝ 2 tight muscular rings at the
opening and exit = sphincters
༝ Sphincters prevent backflow
and reflux

27
༝ Mechanical
༝ Churning and mixing
༝ Chemical
༝ HCl and enzymes

28
th
4 Stop: Small Intestine
• Long tube that further
digests chyme and absorbs
nutrients
30
Villi -

31
32
Absorption in the small intestine
Villi
Blood goes via the liver for
purification

Small
intestine Dissolved
nutrients
Nutrients absorbed into
the bloodstream
th
5 Stop: Large Intestine
• Tube responsible for absorbing
water and some leftover
nutrients
• Microorganisms help to break
down food
5. Large Intestine

35
Rectum
• Lower part of the large intestine
• Connects the large intestine to the anus
• Waste that was not absorbed is stored here before being
removed through defecation

Anus
• the opening at the end of the alimentary canal through which
solid waste matter leaves the body
Large intestine
Colon

Caecum

Anus
Accessory Organs
- Assists in the functionality of other
organs
Salivary Gland
Location:
around your mouth and throat

Function:
Produce saliva which moistens food to
form a bolus and contains digestive
enzymes.
Accessory organs
Location:
Liver
upper right-hand portion of the abdominal
cavity
Function:
1.Produces bile aiding in fat digestion
2.Controls storage of excess energy from
Carbs and Lipids
3.All blood from small intestine goes via the
liver. It removes poisons from nutrient rich
blood
Location:
Pancreas
inside your abdomen, just behind your stomach

Function:
Produces pancreatic juice (with different
enzymes) which help break down food in the
small intestine
Gall Bladder
Function:
Storage organ for bile made by the liver

* Bile: breaks down fats during digestion.

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