The Digestive System
The Digestive System
System
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༝ Also called: “
༝ 1. Gastrointestinal tract
༝ 2. Digestive tract
༝ 3. Alimentary canal
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The purpose
• The digestive system breaks down food into nutrients
that can be absorbed into the blood stream.
• Blood then transports the nutrients to cells
Chemical Digestion
Occurs when crushed food is mixed with enzymes and
gastric juices.
-Food is broken down into its simplest forms by chemicals
Mechanical digestion
Physical
breaking
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Chemical digestion
Chemical
breakdown
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MAIN PROCESSES
3. Absorption
- this is when soluble nutrients are taken
up by the blood stream in the
intestines.
4. Egestion
- occurs when undigested food, called faeces is
passed out of the body via the anus.
Salivary
Mouth Glands
Oesophagus
Liver Stomach
Gall Bladder Pancreas
Small Large
Intestine Intestine
Anus 10
t e m
S ys
s t i v e
D i g e
The path food travels:
MOSS Likes Red Apples
NB!!
Egestion is when undigested
particles are passed out the body
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4 processes of digestion
✔ Ingestion
✔ Digestion
✔ Absorption
✔ Egestion
Label the Digestive system:
1. __________________
2. __________________
3. __________________
4. __________________
5. __________________
6. __________________
7. __________________
8. __________________
9. __________________
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First Stop:
The Mouth
• Teeth chew food into smaller pieces
• Saliva is mixed with food.
1. The Mouth
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༝ Chemical and mechanical digestion
༝ Digestion starts here
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NB: No digestion takes place!
༝ Just for transport
༝ The epiglottis is a small flap of cartilage
༝ Covers the trachea when swallowing to
prevent food going down “the wrong pipe”
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༝ Food moves down the oesophagus by
peristalsis
༝ Peristalsis = wave-like contractions
caused by alternating contracting and
relaxing of muscles
Bolus of food
moving down
the oesophagus
To the stomach!
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rd
3 Stop: Stomach
• Muscular organ that stores solid
food
• Mixes the food with digestive
juices to make chyme.
3. Stomach
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Structure of Stomach
༝ Folded ridges of muscle inside
༝ 2 tight muscular rings at the
opening and exit = sphincters
༝ Sphincters prevent backflow
and reflux
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༝ Mechanical
༝ Churning and mixing
༝ Chemical
༝ HCl and enzymes
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th
4 Stop: Small Intestine
• Long tube that further
digests chyme and absorbs
nutrients
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Villi -
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Absorption in the small intestine
Villi
Blood goes via the liver for
purification
Small
intestine Dissolved
nutrients
Nutrients absorbed into
the bloodstream
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5 Stop: Large Intestine
• Tube responsible for absorbing
water and some leftover
nutrients
• Microorganisms help to break
down food
5. Large Intestine
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Rectum
• Lower part of the large intestine
• Connects the large intestine to the anus
• Waste that was not absorbed is stored here before being
removed through defecation
Anus
• the opening at the end of the alimentary canal through which
solid waste matter leaves the body
Large intestine
Colon
Caecum
Anus
Accessory Organs
- Assists in the functionality of other
organs
Salivary Gland
Location:
around your mouth and throat
Function:
Produce saliva which moistens food to
form a bolus and contains digestive
enzymes.
Accessory organs
Location:
Liver
upper right-hand portion of the abdominal
cavity
Function:
1.Produces bile aiding in fat digestion
2.Controls storage of excess energy from
Carbs and Lipids
3.All blood from small intestine goes via the
liver. It removes poisons from nutrient rich
blood
Location:
Pancreas
inside your abdomen, just behind your stomach
Function:
Produces pancreatic juice (with different
enzymes) which help break down food in the
small intestine
Gall Bladder
Function:
Storage organ for bile made by the liver