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Determination of Percentage Yield Analysis

example of data collection plus how to calculate theoretical yield and percentage yield from an investigation - Chemistry IB

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10 views3 pages

Determination of Percentage Yield Analysis

example of data collection plus how to calculate theoretical yield and percentage yield from an investigation - Chemistry IB

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mayozo008
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Maya Khalil 112 – chemistry

Practical task: Determination of percentage yield


𝐶𝑎𝐶𝑙$ (𝑙) + 𝑁𝑎$ 𝐶𝑂* (𝑙) → 𝐶𝑎𝐶𝑂* (𝑠) + 2𝑁𝑎𝐶𝑙(𝑎𝑞)

Exact volume/concentration used in


investigation
Volume of 𝐶𝑎𝐶𝑙$ in cm3 (±0.1) 25
3*
Concentration of 𝐶𝑎𝐶𝑙$ in 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑑𝑚 0.50
3
Volume of 𝑁𝑎$ 𝐶𝑂* in cm (±0.1) 15
3*
Concentration of 𝑁𝑎$ 𝐶𝑂* in 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑑𝑚 1.0
Table 1: organized table representative of the volume and concentration of reactants that
was utilized in the investigation.

Raw data table


Trial Mass of the filter paper (±0.001g – Mass of the filter paper with the
measured using a balance) final product/precipitate of CaCO
(±0.001g)
1 0.157 0.667
2 0.232 0.945
Table 2: raw data table that displays the actual mass of the filter paper along with the total
mass of the filter paper and final product after the reaction.

Processed data table


Trial Mass of the filter Mass of the Mass of Average
paper (±0.001g) filter paper with precipitate/final mass of final
CaCO (±0.001g) product (±0.001g) product
(±0.001g)
1 0.157 0.667 0.510 0.612
2 0.232 0.954 0.713
Table 3: processed data table portraying the collected data recorded to appropriate degree
of accuracy based on uncertainty along with the calculated mass of final product. anomalous
data is not applicable as there are only two trials – unable to define outliers.

Demonstration of calculations for processed data table


Calculating mass of final product:
𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑡 = 𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑓𝑖𝑙𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑝𝑎𝑝𝑒𝑟 & 𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑡 − 𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑓𝑖𝑙𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑝𝑎𝑝𝑒𝑟
Trial 1:
𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑡 = 0.667 − 0.157
= 0.510 𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑚𝑠
Trial 2:
𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑡 = 0.954 − 0.232
= 0.713 𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑚𝑠

Calculating average mass of the final product:


𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑙 1 𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑡 + 𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑙 2 𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑡
𝐴𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠 =
2
0.510 + 0.713
𝐴𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠 =
2
1.223
=
2
= 0.6115
= 0.612 𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑚𝑠
(rounded in order to match the data to appropriate degree of accuracy based on the
uncertainty of ±0.001)

Using the collected data to calculate percentage yield of CaCo3


Calculating theoretical yield:
First find number of moles for both reactants
𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠(𝑛) = 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛(𝑐) × 𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒(𝑣)
CaCl: concentration is 0.50 mol dm3 and volume is 25cm3
NaCO: concentration is 1.0 mol dm3 and volume is 15cm3
Conversion of volume units to dm3: 𝑐𝑚* → 𝑑𝑚* = ÷ 1000
CaCl: 25 ÷ 1000 = 0.025𝑑𝑚*
NaCO: 15 ÷ 1000 = 0.015𝑑𝑚*

Apply number of moles formula:


𝐶𝑎𝐶𝑙(𝑛) = 0.50 × 0.025 = 0.0125𝑚𝑜𝑙
𝑁𝑎𝐶𝑂(𝑛) = 1.0 × 0.015 = 0.015𝑚𝑜𝑙

Based on balanced chemical equation above, there is a 1:1 mole ratio between the two
reactants, thus:
𝐶𝑎𝐶𝑙 ∶ 𝑁𝑎𝐶𝑂
1∶1
0.0125
= 0.0125(𝐶𝑎𝐶𝑙)
1
0.015
= 0.015(𝑁𝑎𝐶𝑂)
1
Furthermore, limiting reagent is CaCl and reagent in excess is NaCO

Since were finding theoretical yield of CaCO, we must find the mass of this compound:
𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠 = 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠 × 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑎𝑟 𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠
CaCO(Mr): 40.08 + 12.01 + [16.00 x 3]= 100.09
CaCO(n): 0.0125 [as this is the number of moles of the limiting reagent]
𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠 = 100.09 × 0.0125
𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝐶𝑎𝐶𝑂 = 1.251125 𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑚𝑠
𝑻𝒉𝒆𝒐𝒓𝒆𝒕𝒊𝒄𝒂𝒍 𝒚𝒊𝒆𝒍𝒅 𝒐𝒇 𝑪𝒂𝑪𝑶 = 𝟏. 𝟐𝟓𝟏𝟏𝟐𝟓 𝒈𝒓𝒂𝒎𝒔

Percentage yield:
𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙 𝑦𝑖𝑒𝑙𝑑
% yield = × 100
𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑙 𝑦𝑖𝑒𝑙𝑑
Actual yield: the average mass of final product
Actual yield: 0.612 grams
0.612
% yield = × 100
1.251125
% 𝑦𝑖𝑒𝑙𝑑 = 0.48915976 × 100
% 𝒚𝒊𝒆𝒍𝒅 = 𝟒𝟖. 𝟗𝟏𝟓𝟗𝟕𝟓𝟔 𝒈𝒓𝒂𝒎𝒔

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