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0 ratings0% found this document useful (0 votes)
105 views66 pagesDSTL Full Notes
good
Uploaded by
adityaarya092005Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
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Unit-] Sets
Detene Sets °
Awl clifintd collection f- distinct objects wu ulhd sh
sobdects ina St at callid its mombex os ebmuda
+ bs asee dunwkel by capital dittou dike A,B, c
+ Ehmats of Siti ase supsurerdil by a,b,c
| ex. (fads clmut of St A
Thin we wut a éA ie. a hlory, toA
2 tu elmunt of A.
Colleton of all vowels inh English abphobt Az fa
* Some Special Subs -
Z = Sit of all U
N = St of alt nativul no.
R = Lt of all dtl no.
O= St04 all satioral no.
* Rikswrentacdion, of Gt °-
Two methools 40 supsusonts Sis
1) Roastic 031 Taleulas, methocl
"cSt tauileloe 091 stale mito
) Roastia mthoddl-
inthis allebmeidt aa St ane listed wit bau tt and
Ao Siposated 2y Gmma 6).
1€1),0,4%
— d Fine Subs A gap Jn sail te begins ig i% cony'st of arty '
iy dick of al gactou of 12 © nite ood elmer
A= 1234, 6124 R= fa,ei,0,u
Fi of alt ito anata = fa subefvobeh
Be Lm,adih ema tives > Ingich Suk — 4 Sd-mnase aww notin ond hey 00 cable
2) Rule method In this ore Lat he doukody katisHed by inginibe Sch
alte ebomants of Siti. Eaual Qt Five sila and bare aust if tiny hove
exaehly Hu aaine elt
ew azb
ee
A= EU E3)4,5,6,7 4
A> SpineM an
———_ A= fl23} B+ {321}
oxdise of ebmuvts in-te Bt have ne Jf ect
exe
8 fag eid, £GEY eye (i438) Be Ea}
B> fIMEN and REN and 150} Riiaiblon gj tis elise inthe eb has. he msaring.
kal Cosdinah. Mo. of Siti ~
—Tyfs_of Sale :- The poo o4.cistnee ebaite Cordaining in a faite SAD calli
* Eonbly Sch- A ck Containing mo cloned at alt ir callilenpty cardinal 9) Sik M and dlnoked by niA)ox esd (9)
= gs [ain en a2 40x38} * Eauitelnt “Teo Jerks “Sb A ard B oe aid 40 he Cauivalod 4 nih) nis)
Singleton, Sut? nt@d=neB) inte A and 6 ase Caltiel Eaulvatet Sits
Galil singlin 4 tt Cartairng exocly ont ehnant 3s
@g) {nin ev ardn?-do £3} © Sub Ss!
+ SLUA) in Sold to ku Subset of C8) eueeyf ebinewk off
salsa on ehnnt of B:
12 i chmails talons any x crus day &
Vs Every St A ie Subsel af itself
24 cduotel Subset
2 Null Sib ia corslobvad! subset of ary Se
see
3: If A is the sukset of Bard & lithe Subset of eter.
A dr Subset J &
| Nos od Subset ofa Set >
1d @ set contains ‘tn elmautr than he 10 of Sub Sits is gh
Suhwset :
19 A Ae Subset of B there Bs Callid Supposed of A
and wouthn ax
ALB Sytner cbnatal by >
42h
Poke, Subset -—
Any Subt Als Sold te be poopie Subset of another
Gd BVA ba Gubset of B and thu is abhort one ebemantog by
| uahith loan helargs 4A, then, in. pmopese ctubset of &.
Unioaal Subset -
Uniterhal eek js whice contains aby te obmoili og objert a
ineluclrg 148 own eluents «
chistes) by Wee At Py 359}
b= Layoey
Ab = C8505 449 a EERSTE
+ ORwaton of Suh :-
be Iatoctecton —
dhnoled by on hoo Aste A and 8
and fare 8 and a eG}
ANB = gb Coldrdoint Sits) = hull) ombly
ig AN BA edual to the 4 Hon egy asa callid mubllonby ox
dis deine abs
2 Comblunant -
ig & Jethe onivestal SHA andl A bs any. Subset of tp thar
tre acbsabile Combliment: of A dunotesd by AS A! gs the ti of
derends uakich ulorys fo 0 Buk dats not bulenga to fs
Als fic. nevand wa}
3. Ruledive Comphinund - Covigpsten«)
| Plesive combbmurcl 0f Bavith suskert to A Js
Ar B= Sxraed and $8}
8! AC AAR)
= Lag 11294
B= fit,19, 64
7) Find He-sulsdive Comblimunt of Gin
A-G = [5/3124
WY ping Wu subsdive combbnas: af Ain 8.
BAe tt}
cor fc
wane of SEA wort suspect Po St Bib the
‘Tre prance ci ,
sco clients sith ae CRU of AEA and B Bade Mak in,
the inloweelon and ctwotel Bay
AaB AOB
A OB = (AuB)- (AaB)
A-8)U(B-A}
A@B= [415,673
Ae fabitide}
B> farbn is}
Pombse Subset :-
"4 Bis the Subset of A and B innot coual fo A
syntse eclion.
AOC = fH, ri dF
EA £98 3,445 ,6,8,103
6 £2683 €*[023,4,5,68 4
BEA Chachi subset )
CSA Subset
ace
* et Ayakwoitier—
9 enbdy ts
The onde ai wits no chrunlr calli! Empty ult anol
dinctid by $ (WoL)
y bcaz$
W) pu gzA
Wid AN be ¢
M ANA *= 6
© 2) Disgoimt Subs +
A ond G ae Callis dincpind, Sut if ANB: p
Sith Arh g--- An amecattde mutually dirngsinck
ey A= they
B= L3,V} aru diddint Sb.
>The Bt of even and oda) integer rt
| 3) Powers :
> A Sd A chnoled bay PCA) in tu Subset of A
Powerit A inthe Git of all the Subset af A
cabtiol deaifeind sib.
Az 42,3} = 2",25 =o
| prad= £OF, £13, 2}, $9, 9%. £289, ted, L203}
"YALE tan -the Roveuset of A PCA) © pce)
1G A hax we elurents thin PA) har 2” obumescte
* oabbissrts ~ wa
FD an chordoced Collection of elamurt in- which mulbpb oly
ef ar elamanst maylar one ax mare -than oft O% ZeH0 cox)
% Muldiplicidy : no od mus clara Jupuateh again. ont again.
| O A> fle bbemn, On 0, bemyni hy
dedjme tyne 3,022
ee
*) Be £aeyaja,a,e}
Or5,e-1 , ohumtlens of _mublisits :-
V owen of mubtieb
union, of muiltists i 0 Suk Su0~
of or. dunt in a and b
& Az £'1)22,2,4,3,3) 3}
that matin mall pity
B= 1, 440/2,42,2,5,34
AUB= f3.1,6.2,4-3}
1D Indio section. of mubbicsit
“The intr gection of eo» mubbisite A and 61s 0 multiot tbat
rrulltplicity of one ebmmt dr ettlal +0 -trs. minima. of-
muattibbicity in @ and 8
ctnoled by Ang
HAS £11, 855 by 6}
BEE 54887
Adg= $1, 4,6)
Didfounce of mulbiceds
Teds @ multiSed Such hat muklpb ety of ae Elument is
East to tre multiplicity of elrmuct A mi nur the muctiflio'ty
Qf elment 6.
ALIN NS 2, 32,3 5,5}
BEL 11 22,2,4,4)3,5,3,8,3,5,5,5}
2 A-8=3
We-A= £443,335}
Gy dium of mubbasite.-
co} the elerunt da couat Fo
3 i sbely
Te dothe uk inthe mult on
“pha cium off mullipli ation of tHe eDomact in P J 8.
ARLYN SSS
Be Fl, 33,415,078}
AFB= II) ,1e 953, 444,55 05604 F
2 [31,333 S 5) hb, Ey
» Caxdianabity of mullfelset in,
Te ia the ro dotnet ormbisit without consi clsing
thus. mutbibicity og: an. element
: a 9 5
AAA
Aa Pf itt, 2,2, 3,5,444
n (a= {st »
ee finde bet
nade C4}
© Gut Let P and @ be Hoo multicat
P= faa, 2ble}y Ax fra, $b/24}
4) pug = fda, Bb, heed}
5) ENB = 3-4, 2b}
) 0-O= f1.ch
4 g-P= Fiahb, rat
DOtv= $7.9,5b, be dat pass of cbiree edhate conpornt ocurt in @ Seiad ay
ie waster by dinting 20 compo rer mth Sheet,
ads sehen thm by) and cSpdbesieg in ()
AB
ge, UPON aes
Comporant
let Aand B he-two Str then the
Carillion huoditt of A and B isdijinesl as
Ax8 = [lab):a EA and b£8}
> Gudeivan foiadutd le Hu Sat of all osiclueo! Au cohwse
iat Comhowweti come Juom A and Seana come Jon 6,
SA fabed O-P,2}
Dares few) Cay2 Nb Yb:2) Cat) C¢,2)}
axa = £049) 0,2)0,c) Caa)Caeeac)y
(0x8 £BxA] + Codaian of AxB-u nat equal
40 cuxtesan of BY A.
Ruofclion of Cwcté
adel :
fox te four siti 4,8,0,9
DB) x (9) = WxeIn Cox)
(A-B)xe = (AXE) -~Rxo)
cavB Ive Aavedy (Bx)
WV) as (BNO=caxB (Axe)
conrensdy Crny) € ARB and Ci
(ac€4 and y tB) and (Cx €Aand y €0)
eee
Rove
axtenc)=(axBIn Caro
- ANB OC)
hun,
(nig) €4 X C600)
-nenand g-€ (NO
a1€A and Cy € BNYEC)
[2 On €AXB and Guy) (Ax 0)
on RS
CAxB) A (aru, gene
= a hand Y E (ene)
Quy) €A x 816] proved
RELA -
Let A and B hy hoo Sabb than tre gutaion Juans A 4° B ds
he Suknet of coifisian frodurt AxB /
Ride satehon fiom A eB than & is re Git of osrdivct
Rais A,B whe @€A and bESB
+ Total number of distr ce salstion oon Sek Ado St Bis
2" when n(A)=m and n (Ben
ds sedated fob ty saletion R
R> eatlal Binary cabin. juom A408
9 A= {has}, B= fart
AYB = [CMD CHM), CHAD CAM) CHB) CDT
sulahion RIC <¥ RE LCUE) Cy) CO ? “Domain The dit & talings A falorgs to R Jove
B halorps loin call domaine 2g R
fa 6A: (ab) ER Jor Some bE8} is cellaicloraln of g
Lome
“Range the Set BEB CARER Jon Lome AEA is ay,
Stange of clonokd dy Ran Ce)
Obwations on Seeletion—
2 Union = Geiver hwo steladion Ry and kr we will oifine He union
of -Hne sobsion by RyRy = [ad aber,
Y Cub) ep,
@ A=fh2} o= L344 q
AKG £618),049),02.9) 049 3
Re AKG
Riz (43) C23) cay)
Re = Clu) C28) Cay)
RivRez C43) C23) CUI 2.5)
common, Loill pot be consid!
2) brdboegee
© Gdien too ulation A, 3. ¥ '
- : ” Ry SRe we widl digine -the
Infbesection ef ue oo sulebion denn dea by Bak,
AiR = £Cab) |ub) € ayn Cae ka}
8 R= £01,2) Cow}
Rez 0042) cas)}
AnRe= (0 3)}
Orky Common. coill bakin
aE net
| 2) Digfuunce - Gave 10 ulation Rand Ry within we wilt
dagine the digpsen @ og frase. HOO subadions deoted ey
R-Roz {'Caib)| Carb) ER, A (aib) # Re)
eg Rie £08) CAM)
r= flav) s)3
Ri-Ro 2 C3)
4) Composition Geiven wd sudedion Ry and Re. the. compas
af Stuhr dn obifine am Joblowrs
Rok, = (410) [Erb) ER, CbiCDER2)
% R= CHA) CBW) Roz C25), Curb)
MOR, = ake
Rye C2) Cau)
Carbrcasb)
+ Cys)Qre)
8) Invesise~ Gaiven a. dulabion R we wilt dlxfine ids inves
durotict by Ro”
"2 £Chia) | fave) ER}
B Ro Cu2dC IW)
Rte Cay C42)
Re= CAB) C4)
(BO Coo 2) (213) (34) 7
in) Cbd) Can C22) C232 C31) C32) 64,3) “Let Q ke asubtion in cit A Hane Rha tha suis
aca, (aja) ERD wales tsvugtive and tis alse 6
Sabie QR, aul pute selabior
= CW) CIN) C22) C3!) CH, 2) (8/3) CBD LE A= 143.44
WD RAR, Riz F0y2) CANCSSIWDF
= (8) (23) Raz £2) W9C24)}
Bey Syeerctus sulaHona
2034) Let R bythe sulation in St Athan Q is Gaid to be the
®) cl © Sypmibic subation
= €21965,2) 643) j CabJEk > ChiajeR
) ROR, : Rye yh
Ae £12,395
= CuNICH2) C3) C2) CH : :
LOOTED Kaeo gp | bye €en8) CAI EBD C43) Syprvce'e sudan}
i,
w a Rae (CHSI699EY I
= tthe) iad ‘
C42) C84) 048) 643) C4439 CM) C359) 4 Arti aymintbeie Salation~_
Ades lation — aa abel. Ron, ub A inckald. fo Bee andi -sh ion m Bande be Soexc
te ‘oe Pion The Composite @) Rand clinottal Ry ROS vhon
% Adontity Relubion + 2 Ros= LCase) € AXE! Jon Some 6E8 Cab) Rava COs
“PaaRUAR Ric EP tA Sido a ; ex: eae LUA} and 6: LRIRY C= tayrd
if a=f0na)i nen} be Aha cy sub 5 01,0) Cad eve) dCHNDEIID ERE RAIRY) ONS
Ae L243 ge fy) Cann) Cay) CR? Ba (eErCorZ)CRVRZNE
ta?
a> £642) CoN) G0} Qos = caitd MS tend
chy) chet? eng) avs
Cav ChywvRe) tare
(ao) cag) C8223 fy @. Re fhe) C29) C2294
Se {ee). (2.5),€3010. C8) 3
Find Q08, SoR, Ro (Sok), ROR, Sos
Casivabunte subsbion oy Equality C&S.)
A saluton Q Salo tobe eaviradrt sla biow te ut A idandon,
¢
12) RD sefteave be Joralla ER, (Qa) ER
Riv de je: Ca)b) ER, thay (a) ER
iil) Rar tomilive be Cab)ER, and Core) ER tun Care) ER
OAs aibe}
Ria LF potearodnt
Raz Faia caaled
Ra £Caa) Cb) C010) Load} rot eaurvabint
Raz far reba) Cray rk Cacivatind
‘age £6412), Chb)Ce¢) Carb) (a0 Cbya) } cavivales
REE AXA casivabot
Herbal axes sabe ¢9,
faan Ron Gb A is Said to be Rastial estore salam
DR he .
» pis eit re deal GER Caarer
Myanitide he. Carb) ER
A) Ri Baile, rin (bia) ge
Ne Le CABIER and thie) ER hon (aed eR
Maly pea rser
Ree FOuent) O34 yes, re hey
Rae Fen Cee) 683) CHEVY Tea pep, i
robe
17) Poser
R= LOM) 04,2905,89 18962399 Ex py,
Eb Posey
| Some paved of ebntrty dao —
A) TpenPopenT LAW —
© qua =A
Ana 4
Rood ana=A
ava=A ef pineA andneA
| poaz fain eA on n€A ape ea)
= fun eas on
=F punee faved.
8) LDENTITY LAW imp.)
2AUb=A Wanv=A
Paced
AVb= Pim ehonxesy | AdUafrtRe A and xedy
= funcaj mi weap
=a -A
©) Commvtatwe caw
) 408 = 80a
| (eb ae aug Ceby eB over Nob
EA onHeB YEA ov YER AaB
AER oNNEA 76 CAuB) Han, ACB are
ee BUA gua Aus esa
RUC LOLA Comparing 0) and(2)ew,
[pus ua,
wwalez qual D) ang 28h
yer
uth & ANB ict yoo
HEA and 8 yea and ¥28
Keb and HEA y €CANB)
Ane
xe 60AR gan 2
ANGs BNA~—A) campoeing eat (i) and (2)
- Ane = Bn
pesecive (ow
"D (avaduc=avlBuc)
Cet me CALBVE
© (AUB) ose C
HEA 051 4 & (GUO
RUS
ceey @ Auleue)
Yea anyehous éc
ge Cavaony ec
MEA Uv CBU) y & Cnveduc
Gude c auviouy—o ye CAYdUC
Aulgud & CAVBIVE
4 Ombaxing es) and (2)
(Pesce A UlBUO Hine freer
©) Distegurne aw
) Avesne) =(au8 jn Cavod
us Lety & (ALBIN (Ave)
(et HE RUBIO
eA onee (NO
EA On (MER and ec)
CEA 0 4 EBDandlr EAann EC)
HEAUB and aq CAVE
"Gre 408) 9 (q00
AUlBIO © CAve)A cave)
i)
YEA ony € Cane)
ye run
en ard (2)
i fue buna Cle eee le
| Del mayan aso
u(AvByz Ave!
Leb ae (ANB )'thn = hk ge Alus!
| a € (ang) gealandy es!
at EA own $B gaa ad 9 6
| xen’ anne sl yf Bom and B
we Catug'd g ¢ (AB)
ine)" tus’ y & cane)’
3) (AUB)' = Alps!
aana= 6
| ule 2b) $'z0
trvebudlon far -
A= fusgad
$
Y= fhe3t}
(4 €4 ong €8) ono (gen on rt
%€4 onG €8 and Yer)
oe, (Ave) noenor®
— + wake the Shs in Build, Jorn -
A) The Sub A comisting off chuntnt uti ,0,tt
a> Lyte dea vowel in english Langage §
8) Bb = 214914 45,363
Be Pata oboe xe 6} |
©) Sb C= £214,683 Cs fe}
7 Eauivalna clas C Rapesive,, Grans'tive Spmmated cd tala
fel > Cgly ea and Ong) ER}
be Ae T2884
ge lm Cae) C329 Cod) (55) 22 CD CHS) Gry
Eovivaloe ches
6 Ext naan olen integer Bdoun 2408 oy (a3 8} pa fa cial
DI~ (316,92, 15} farm ine} yay toh fat
D> bah ds f Fa 4 (l= fsa 4 + L
Enth ds aq mublibhed Fob 4 ams 2
EVES Foy 32,140,423} bomen
Exfninds an inbeger 95s 84 HO an
Oh Compu. rant isa 20 fonpearanes to hardlle ig indeaert APO =p
| Sper: fotapean, Job» 30 saponins ir alin gad 4 the Poa
’ eg thee hive 5 eaperled 40 pug doles of bot, Hoo Ae Ladd {00h “aioe fk Riba wt 2
fee mane Be Mil Find ins eanivalnts claw > pgsrsition
0 od fotaguonmure in St A, n (A)= i “
n (8) 30 fee ab = aye
= atac 2a= ata
nee =* > Symnibule adb= ba os even
+ Tonite, ath is every
bc da even :
fiona es Lapa $0, att da ert intensubation > cedvabine
a a5 7 caste ctr tentensedation ib cass
vm we CO = CSS) eivabn® cay of elmonk FUREY a tame
fay = C4) hid E08) Payee
Bie C445)
cay = C24) (ENE Lay eoutvek claw
dq Pe .
Es]= (1, 96) any einer 16315 cam ta chosen, a supose
ek Bil RE ard Same, tote fhe, eben.
m CAB) = ntA)t n(—al nog)
= be t3-5 Guotint Sue cheek thy validity of Bas Wet'on -
| ha collection op alt diate epuivaluct clases og B Af 12/345, 6184
ulation 4s cablied @uoliont
Sak A indus Soe ie DHE Cuns9s F503 B83
4 It gare!
ded A by Rit w fouhe yy,
Aa¢cai,aeAay £12347) CA Esty SA (8368 tue
Re [l3) Oot) C%2) C24) CHI) CHD E42) cy | Popubs = £ b2/a9} U f5.6% ULOY
Erd= 0183 gage ghd | FENNEL BS Joe, mt compl orion
fale fay Cale fad thls not a valid Rarction
Alon fa @ HF {1,213.4 15,448,0}
% £U3} fayad ase sulton difineal an Axf Such Hot
Position AEB (0b) RIG) BD ard = bee
Si fostlidjon of Sd A Ja a coblecHore of mutially distort 1 Roure that Ris eaouivabnd sulation
4 pon empty Subset of A whos Jona A So is Cathal passtton quire
2 Ya Sharaf den onde 1g (01D) A Cosa) and (HR ee
» OA. Cab) R Fob) (2 1») EA
D Peadain nin embly diabiet ef A Pibin ek A a+b =bta whidinhave Jos allA Cab? Ctradledre Axa
fe, AA Ain clalges Bo «mith fe Rosai. ads bbe WO
a on nail Given Ca) RCCd) surat — edge etd — 2!
whee Ai A Jolie 22 ~—n} ; sabe BF addy incon:
i) union glade dubset of A uncle Rosilitvon give A Faun Coal) R Corb) ctotetg=bte
he MiURZU As —— An=A | tthe dha Carb) Aled)
| punts cinady given conultton
| RD dynmubie
thy Q Ja tiamitve.
On UAH Ay Joni 12,2 —~ 4 Riv Kiana}:
| FU tha, clomid ef Rasefiine 9 are ford clan olixhiny
fic Ad=6 Jee ee eee ee
2) Final equvabate claus £675) ]q
Ade Cayb) REOd) on AXA
bk C25) RLlid) on AH
aukal= bake dren ay cu)
dtd a5tt cre des C215)
ad-e = 3 B are est) |
d= 3re qt (ued
ces gre USB)
canola olen las] 26 de a cua)
A, ante cad
EU) €5) C4819) Ceq IT) (Bud
ar} Sue)
claw oy subsion
Chosuses of ulation Rw it stapect fo fouefsy Pd tte subsbion
\ Obbain by adding minimur of oxchrus fain de do olatain. povgad
11) Rifle clasioxe ig guladion R difirud ere Bit in He
RUT ab supusive chasse of sublor (8 and it is donated ty
Ry, whee Palate Ldn dy sulatior, dinacton ut A
2) kymanibils Muse if Rr o suuludlon dajined on St A
RUR do te e claause. of subdion @' and it
dunoleal by Re hau. Rj 9-the Invergesiulahon |
SL THanaitve clause jf Ris a subbdion clifinad ore Sut 4 |
then toransiaive closuce of subtton R’ is defineal as |
4 |
RurtuRsu— — Re 45
uv. uv any ,
O Az £2,399
Re flWl) 3) C29) (3,193) cup) }
Rifle closure.
Rg= Rute
ag> f— yu flr) cud
Ry [Und Caz) Cys) CHM) e389 Cad) Cai)) C59
Thy chow of subtion & wet Poidorty Pls the subd
oben by oddipy mini muir, ro-g oxoloasl pain do R
sto obbain. psughady
Symmilie closer
Raz Rug-!
Rs= Ru fy2) 63,49}
Rez £00643) Ca) C1) C313) (4/3) C42) Cy) F
“Toanidve. clasusee~
Ae Ch 28}
R= £0, 290139 23,9)4
Re BRE C265) C83)
a _, Cue) C215) 62)3)
RY= (1139 ¢a139 64/3)
RB RAR= Cha) 62,3) C43)
C122 C813) C313)
C13) C43) €3/3)
ttm pups 08g
C112) €2,895,3)0 (115)62393,2) u C43) Ca n9s)
ete Lote) 6499058) C9} << 41. #3
% Courteabidity of Sct
et eae
Diy the ite conctatne Speedie ane gate ebarard 4s cadbialas @ R= [Oud C0) 078203, 03,4) (48) F
Oo t pa ingfindh Ae ft 3 4
9) ett oda. infirthe re-of ehurunt thar 164s ingiraks st, ee
5) coundaable ut CAirusrasable)
° za
: gre
rable re un st ts exticl as coontiabl ets ° z fH]
Unioant able Sit — ig rex cannot be ors to one mafhing Jor Py '
Lotwcan cbimudls of cits and nalibnal rattan. 7643 Cabliol an
| aol ae ‘
if thoes a one. do one: mabbing Sod ebarsni ofp uk arch ) ?
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be ses ich. bbe cn cullid Cove C8) O13) C4) (ayn) €2)39 C29)
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| /N 3! Ob aboe totasion nese
ena i nite BorPa Ard column — ZR a
te Engad Totanyi dive clos uoce
coundabh — coucbalele Sp cauntl
@ F:2z—N
RF as Rt
Chet) C13) CH) Cay1d C24? Ley)
3) C33) cay Ld O45) Coy
dre [Eb ne even boise
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Ga ct)
CAND Cg) C419 Cu) Pe
orien
Kg tees pe empty BEL, Mt famine = ee
ab ipa tath sheraed lrg me BER OP SS
let n andy
Fe ne eae, Fn) sg
Lat} = et
Qn) 3%
we
Tew Recthe deneorion
F= {oa @ecaa ira} *Oge>
© one +
daa) es PoFtH) 204) oth) oh (OH
atb=6 Jaye al aah an LOO cll
1 s
At za glyag ps mart
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gan= Int | (Fea ek , go (Fagen z0FO
Fogan= F(gag= Cite) +2 “oe ° g 2 Cauchoh
gop Oo = MFR 1 Cnts74 amsandit Sa 2 tani) «h
For = Bat@ = 3¢8Nt44 = antg tale aD len, if +2 cht)
if ndowres
ks odd fs
Shite ich ally ign Bold = 6
Pog md = mt B= YeuntsI= nto Cesemute on J] Compasrtion 0+ foreolutt of poomatoron= |
Se iy al ve ent psacls
1 ae ot Bsa fi fa ated tHe oe let Flond Fi be hiss pusmutadion on Subx shun pivacleet
difinad on SAY tale! tre Sub@ foo Hand boston of Pr Ord Py iacinoke by Rela (n?
: = PCB IM
wdfn On ye pt} me, x=fabe}
'
: ! bc 2 fabe
| heChu2i3) ee (a | Me fh ass * ieee
t Lad ah F Find Rote ; Pook
2.3 ,
tea 23) ter (4222) Bio fata) = Oia fetes (abe)
‘| Pyle) &cer= FeO ® eG
ad 72,3 vee =
ts (381) Por (sve) §) pomce = a CdRe
°t avout of fesamctodn GAG) + Pacey @
: ss Pooh Cb) = pala) ab
| dnvoae of pwnudalion cum be obstained By exthorging te % of CO * Pewee
8 © ded S108 and su asenorging the cobuininy Ss the He as
r In emoleon
ee aswh a {5,69}
we £85,
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p= (5,2, 3,4) Pah et ay 6 54 #56
aS ile 42. Find hoPy fe! Be! cl op
Pils fuse
i 534] | PoP os) -t,l4) 2% vie (5 <7)
Pi oP tt) = Al) - 4 és
Po Pets) = ACES
Raha “78 #)
tS Let & dea nor Er
Unit-2 Gawup Tuotd ”
N= Sb gy Nahuxad Mumbo
5 Sika} Inkegeat
as ae 4 loans
ae Sitges namo
Ce sated complmunt nd.
Fix x unlany ofwration
Ft xtox Binary ofwrodion
er yox
Flatigy Taxman ofrabon
reantay opradion
Binawuy operation —
ht Pun
Gre ={(eib) ati, bE}
BF ees & wee ssetaidto He Rinatyy opadion
Tes dale by (4,2, Or)
A ron” Mmb yas dagctien wtih che oty mow Aan
Ore diraiey ghasatin in cate! aalftdacie ofsecton
Pacheos of Alphas ctedion
cde > Dit ative
Fssoashe 3 Conallatin
Lomeli > Indlmbo dent
‘cet
Ebmenk
2 Tally
> invune
} chaste pouty
Thee wile de on Binry ofanation if ardonly fax b
tulongs to Ga EG and ath -svwaite ths is Sid
0 “the closure forokoely of He tinary efaxalion ard :
St ds Said Jo be. close with suspect +e Binary ofaxchsy
24 z= fo,
C24 C2=-C5)
-3-2 ez
—sez
£ Commutative power ty
aro= bea
3. Pssociahve fecobundy
v
CatbI# C= av Cbtt)
-$,-2,-1,0)1) 2) 4--- 2)
A. Diet Gute Bue deds
> ae(bte) =(a #b)8 Care)
tdght cixbibuive
* (bic) wa = Cata) t Co#a)
ijt clirtaludtive.
Can fells Ho. daw
arb = arc
b=C Left Cantbdcton
Be bee cera natin J desde sven
the ebm? eg os cat Jo
cbawadion if [ane = a)
dempoferct Chirend cnya
" pendty bint
avera
evaca
Oy ee C= B-8y lp AB oy
a4) lew
B4e 2-6 eine
OtCIE peaea
fin elemerct ina Sel in Called an Neoneb ey ebbwrerel: we
| pinasy ofwiation * if od any dimot in Ss
inven. ebomind
ae ai! = @ Ceunbly)
Inoue ebmvint
22 0) 9-8,-1,0,%)3, -
oy
Oe) Heb) eo
elisiow bethany —_,, Adgeeoa « -Shuehioe.
Asvociahie Joctpurdy “onl!
favdHy clamand
“t monoid
mene tmnt J
Cominukasive, Gueup
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mh geeonypr = et 5 dea non Fably sid td tbe
Jina orodlon on St tun 00,996 Cd Bans gyrd:
iyi follows 1) charusce pooforrly
! 2) pswelalive properly
Hmeld~— eet ¢ bee fone embly ak abd 4 ben Wino,
aperadlon on cal He 08,4) is abled munud ig jbo
1) claotixe frosofoonty, 4) pstoclalue propan}y
8) fondly earn’
Cusoup- get $ he arn embly sue and # be 0 bens uboroln
on OHS 19) fg calla quoup if it jallore
1) closie pawoporly 2) Assocative Property
8) Ashe 9) thrdiyy Cbanend wyExisenee of Invessse chronck
Nhakor. geaup- tee ¢ be a ron emply Sat and + be
a binary opwxctlon on Sid than C5) alld plalion
guoup jd it Jablouos -
0) closuse fowporly 12) Associadive pouoporly
2 Exithrte af tdmtity obreank — 4) Exehnte of Inuoe chimed
| 79 canada ie ory
A cheliven groups are goin hut alt gue avs, ot
Pibalion. quoup. dhnund in the it FF
. sian (4,1)
42668
Ink
weet
ero
RB Rowe thet = Fit} an abl
Habec tt mab bicadon , hoe f=
abc ciaye aetihy
Cees axbXO ga a
ayesg
BLybeiy eo
ie eye 4
i
7
ce paipered
vai ey
Ztw dower bt ae
Bi) ia on ababen gual
wssociadive
axb* = (xb),
S.B=I,¢
axbe bx a
dbtasid b=e
byw= wel
we
comet’
rs
ge acdets
D Te Baany saree + om 2 a avs
PER detinmwn nem py Arig ageraeae >
auséTita coh etenslabin. Win find ade ip-4
WME pile Sp 128 = 3059 2 gn)
PO) = 133 (23) ) Inductive Bose
PO) te bvisible ky 133 | PCY) = 24 16
Hare PO) is Bia Ul suxex2 = 24
ii, 4
) Trdbnine Heypethasis | et eay
Hone (PCA) inoue.
PRD oy trae ]
PO UKE ay, vistas by 183 |» ro ees
| 1 ads
€j abure PCK Ja Gu
ED Indore PO = eK da thon KI
# manic | Assume, PO atu 2*< kK} —a
Ye PD eB EO Ly Cocible by 188 ha,
. Indutve s:
a SUE yh oe oe see
} AH) =) 5
SW AIR! gy tht : oh ba han CKH)!
s me ye en hey,
hee O884n) 191 | i Res
= AES #183. 224 4.11 )221 | we
< et
138m 4 12 022k | rally by both stoba dy 2
= 123 Chm 4724) |
ee BaF 2 aK1) CHD K KD
PCR is Aisi Sibde by lag RIK ZS 2 CKD KD CREEK) 0K-1)
make Cok! an CKD
. Qt aX
ek CKD) | - A Unie conte =
ant an_Fonttlon
@-sGhow slot! Aekeman Function /
BF984 384 -— # BERK SS IPA ae a juncion wie two carorgurnt cath of whlch cue
24 Eranignel arly non agate Inbeyese Veet
‘ Tt tka non paiplive sensrsion gunthion.
ACmind
Didm=eo nfo Hr A (On) ont)
j Dig m#o n=0 Hun ACh) -AeMd, |
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is D Caleelate Cit) and @ Cy 4) wing Aediuoman. unchion
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we m=}
m net
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oo, AU)
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venne fein He : ‘ y “
a inverae Jo ic ee pune bigot jpanttion f De fh doy Be ETM ED ASN GET
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lig
Hb aang ME)
such Mad Codey iovewreyy
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chm end yey am 9
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i
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P Meme tb Pog m ty CN
foene ge ty ond g oh
tie h goPon = yey
roory were tn |
re Foy ty) Fey
ELH)
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Piva the Coulvabnee chs
dagtrive = CAVED PY ED EMO Chit) C6
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fommaltiee CipndObAy CWA)
CDE OC psa
me (hy
iu snide ta cas ee
incon, egy EGS
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im if inbucel AMMA ep
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cunning 0 ebimands
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now)
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Re G2) V4) C0 15) far) CyB)
CHa) cw CME em) ewa)
(0/2) €5 18) O64)
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ys 4%
trae rl
4 Guys R caw)
= py (aie) a ccd)
ff) te Aa dtve
te ee Gang @ ca) 9 nig = af Oe
8
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a CER S Chia) e RM aDEA
bet 2he te guosh of Inhgow wee Binasy oration x dea aye = abe Cay Atand
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ive
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a!
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tha f2 fadens tes
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z
4
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the ag, One MF nM sine tone bak ret oh antyngy) off ce margen'’s Lawn
ot H
ee nde Anatogr Distridalve tow
is AAU ane!
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JHB OW! Yate
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fee PA Pale ong clined fore as
teen € (7-0) ub-A)
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or €G-BY (BA) AVE-CANB) — CO)
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MER ad HE Genn Chand LA
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Ge Find the numb tabeein (4 5.00 gone ase rt finitibh
Wy oye inn intigur 28.5054,
Rls oatgie
nCnob) = ncA)tntB)~h (ang)
Pe apie
_—_-— —
cptal no 500
25,964
tet ae 2, 62 3) OF
ro 4 Srv tS} Gee Sm Sp “Ste ~ Se Sep ~ Sen
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ite Boe Gem. HER a igioofn
eo ne ae Cie ere
ein
ae eee
2 ot +t HW -G3- 50-85 -33-25 -14 F164 #AYEE
Baa
0. Pinal the rumdeans tabu ean (ro toler Heat asa cvisiele ey
og te inher gis et f= 8) G5) Ome
se
pe etee WS NW te
= BBR HM GRA O
inp
arr
} Jem 4 lwes + pore — loge feo
S 7 16 2
3E
BBB+ Zoot 142-66 44-28 +4
= aut
| sug-esti
} = 484
AAUELC) = heh) + mB) NED —ncHOB) oC ANE) oncenertnchteld
Pose
fin OE
MEALBVCUD = nEM+ ne Den
~? (Bnd-n 04093 =n en) snenp
- 9 fneaca 9)
22 +03) UR AB— mrnad-nitf
2 *70RRCH 9) Ht cA ® - Cose T=
ee C214) inbger bs an adelitve. gioup
If Ci) do the Bibguinh of C6, ¢.) art a Ebr thon,
ChatheH fs Hwa dncolli! sight cased
Wand a, andabo arn= {anh EW} is catlut Lyiig
ginal by a and M. -
Paapodio of} Coste t- ——~
) a6 aH vel
2) ane fpaen
slabb Wes awiin'ed
De ah gh f gua
‘+ thine noo clestined ede oe cp
94 Hn 6s dca Ineo Min
see :
cin Dah af br whut a eH miseaee Pies,
WE adanion of clatinet Corel frnooele he group 7°" rts
HY “Cine
Vor bet oe Cichisth We fran} pina Haig caret
p
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$eG WKH ae Ik Ebel ® fho1}
Va
wee COA 2 ry tery * fouly
CEG CHyy i eee
wie COtM ee xte = (6-45
t (eden = MO thay ju
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1G HAL os Pleidets Ltr}
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Cem WD & tye oe fiyacy
16 Wel = fielded > fee, ep
1 Uefl cnet = Right couct than 6 is g
Wbaldiar yeu
7.
: ind Hu wet |
Bet (it) bx an additive guanp and HEE dind Ha Srp unre
} C
wohuse Mz mudtiple of 3
ae eee ren
He Lo. 6-30) 9,12, 15
Gee cieaseacy < keanan
HID 2 tb £690) 38% 2 hos -2,1,4,94
HAR = ee [630 5H» Coy, 2, 8 89
HIB © 24 6-6-4101 3/83 7 F220, 5, 6, 4
type owe
Ot = £263, 5 6440
PH = f-6,-3,0/463t1 * £-5,-2, 44 FF
BH feo, M2 © foten 2, 5A}
StH = £4,3,0,3,6443 * £-30, 3,49}
© £6 - 301564
B Find all Ay ge coset af = LV} goth f Uso a0}
U2 £44, Min qaecad foe:
He dyn} 1 sete
Veet 21 tao funy OM = Dany any
TRH = THe fH0y = Caadh = thie} He
URaeH © X30 Cyny fly 2th © C141} =
"Bx = Wyo Limp aft, ay = (1303 — Hs
MW = Xa Cony a £1 IBFF © 0409 — ty
4) "9 Xe = lMl0 Cyyy © C20}. finery — Ha
EMH © 23K ey) » {U8 C2418) 5
RH = ates Cyng ? Lease C2e9h = Hy
nea La gvanams Hum
Stakinsel 1
clos of crt Sub grap of cath girls dion g
osder ed quicup,
ae
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‘Poel -
Let (61%) tex a guaube) anol nr i
ie ofaen
OF Fan ceca
Od CA) de cuhguoiby
Ht lof) =m
ET tet Hz hyjheha —-— Any
%
hy 2 eft coset
aens fa,rhi,az Hht, ankbm}
A Hy 2, as ~ ~- at
Gz fa ]ujasu} —-— Vjagu}
n= mmo ~~~
Let f(t ,td a» te pk whew 2 St oF integer ang His
gumbop br Find phe index Hin Zs Conta
2 cab posh} Nantins mallee of Ste Ce?
or lZit)
He foe ttrbo, bt 9 ~~ 20}
Left cosee
OFM = Ot faitrabe,hied = (1 2)=6,0, 44123
HH 214 Fepeoyeiey—& EM, -6,1, 3184
+ Poles,
Pe br0y bE BS fhajn4) 2, 8) 3
Bele Be [Hb Aelhg fg) 33,408
be Me £12k, 0, 6,12 Fe E82) 411 BY
See BH Fatty hoy Gie J 2 LH 5, NAD
CPR 64 Lo1m-by 6, 612 Pe Fos, 0) 61H 18 es wee a
(et ig(2 4) tn ne guenb hoe 22 SH of inte ana Hin
_—
lagvonams tucm
see a al group of bug hind the indexed Hin Zs (ante
coker of exch ibguap of cath first 8 hive, sl ‘cnbains mubhiple of She C62)
Ol) ~ | wrlzrt
oun) « | Me few 18-60, bt 09
Left comet
Moved clatinet gt on sight Btbgsaep ie gHouP OF od Gabayoy ee ee
‘i LON 2 Ebr oes tany = teny-say4i3
Let (6.2) te a gue) eos n Wome ae bancetraaeg 2 Emre tins
je oftjan UE = OF $12,607 6:08 be E12, 4h ey
b? Pan aejag----- an} Sie St ftp b 0, G12} = L405, 0 13
ep OD) be of evdoem PPR GA fairy bye) 6) 12 Po fas, 0) 618) EB
4 bof) =m
25 bet He hyhehs —~— hn} |
Th) So Gee taset |
aes {a,b a, *h, Ankh}
Oty eH, den -- aH
Gr= Jat jvjasn} ——— V/agny
he mUmv ig Demat, iste Claman: PUR 1 ent
nu hea fk 2 foiry wie C58 Onno
ring eum Po 1Bel pf ia cle! ean =
3a ewan 40, fas
° a or enens
te
az
6
wm
P= 01, 2,39
e
Cora ED Cry
One CF Bs Oras a, aw -- be,
Cee Phe Sab caning of rn laine cbse tan te ebomarg Ce ea
of P canbe Pesemutebesl me (2s iw
P= 012,39 ‘? oo
Bl= 32156 ah best
Cydlic Permmbebion— 3 ich
facies me(128) teeth PE B faimikalon wil BGM oh, aeeiyeligy mma Yelle
tae Prumnukation of dpece n- a
es 123 ; ~ sa
“CAD tee (iz) mult 23) ia
Suey s. | COME Po CIETY) ogi =y
ee taf'2 3456
Tahnbity Qounutaion
Bana, ecg EH et by Tif nage of eh el mn
Pitnack CH) tan is eld dusty ponte pe ee? Ge
owe oe, A-Q des hel FIED alo a clngeird eych
let Hand tr tutor emulation on A BES ton we dpi
fq if FOI= ge
Fr 2 94 aft ty
Cada ee i 1
Fora 2 SO) ne
ge 24
gn et
elt
goa 2 igfeint_oyche .
Tegan i Hy pn)
(23 456% ¢ 2)
( 265 4 3861 ga 8
common. |
1,215,6) C34) C#) C84
Tixons position (4/5, 6) Dt) Cai)
8G ny in calbel t30ahs Rosision C1 23015) Cn6) C3.) BA oad C5)
bgd f wee TTS TS
GQ yok C78) dee |
“Reef bies
Pullen oo Bnet of yc i tun Carmot tbe even and aol
if the qpole €13;3) andl 5,6i4))) Supsurert the toma) jean ey
ee ae A eels of dng tl con te enfiuaedan “the posed
Yds 6. |
2 es 8 48g ue
z Fi F » I,
"CLS Tsai e ey M0 Ldekty prouctatin 1 abcnys an ever prado,
,. we .
Pom =f ' 2 2 ug s) The Proudueg ef Hoe edd faxmutation bs odd pommetotion
23 456
28 a 16g TIA Peace of He even Rumtation 44 Cen pyrmuctation,
‘a.
fof ft “The af tn Ard) odel fiveesus
(a3 E4ED scduct of are on od pernutatinne is M1 srt
Even and odd Peantibabion~ Re £1 2,8953
teh 2 suse [Find Cade Caius) oles a
214 48s (Mery ee (ees spof i shee)
OP (etd ere gr 2678) Sy 2 ee (he 2 h
C2) 03,46) 5x A Pr
5 3
(2) C3) 03,6) Prot (19348) fobs (5025)
odd 13082. a
2
Ms
o
gus than 9 foci Pas,
“,
tela) and (oat) ane tatoo
incuba Homomox fit.
I (ae gy = Fone Fp Vg oy
If te map Fis ingeetne than tha Homomoxphiim 2s cables!
‘Monomexpism.
1g the: map Fis Swxputie. Conte) thay this Homcmauphism sx
Galles! EBimarphiam,
ESmion =
1a tHe Ga and Oe cba fos guoibs thaw a Juncticer Ft
Alalle) omesphisn. if Ca
D 4 Howe marption (4
sya “Ws POD * Fly) we ney Ea
8) 4 is tadete. gonction. v- ge
Aatomexphism
Air Iscmayfhion ef gli torte cael? dealt) pula mexpion
Het Frau
condition }4 shasdd be Homo mecsp hit my
H) Te shoals tee bitebive
Texel Homornét
OIF fr= CZ 4) ond tar 2 Mr andl mopping «PF : a roe
wb difinad gOd= anv bez Shawihet Fle Homamar phism
Pog) = Poo # Fly) Y Hem
tHs
Feely)
Foy
Lay
rey
ordi)
So Pais Homomoxephitm.
atinp
“Thuswm 09 _Ho momonphism —
" aot
1d Puch tak fap > iro a 2 homehorpiiam thom Shader
9 Ftc) =e aha e and em ayes the (dad elumunt of ter 3la%
Sespectivn
) £00) Lean] 4a eon
Puaed |
Let nem Fad ear
aeTee Pea eae
Ce! = Freep
lee REG gad= a!
Pel dPay= ecm)
sey
ede in) =F leon)
Finey) =Fae ry) 2 Fle) €FOO CA ppl it canalichon fa.2) ry —
é'0' FG)
| tate Sapa ie hla
Ponce 2 gre to
ace algr)=r
(roe = Fe) Piao Bi onto dnetion.
let nee Fo) e4" feta) @ Cay) = Fld ® Foy yy |) Hance infinite. lie be tsa
eb Fan’ eb" de prsip
Find
Pod ot foo 3 Fanon") | all ciubgasefer of C25, %)
F twos! Feu) = Fee) Ze=fonasit
, Poon Roweht peed=e!
FO 8" Fortjese!
A Fee!) =f]?
we Hints proved.
a
yy, ead inst any inffrite oyelic. peau in iso io ay.
i bus cuffs Con = 9,95 gh. aa
(et) thincey
6! Coz
6 Og) -~n —@
a me
aoe serupan
Me ear: 26") let gr gm cn
| 869%) am, Bigh)ens
Noo
Se, otebo enue mapping
OS" 9") *O(gh ens)
m4 by ewe)
29% one
aa Ring (e,4)
fest) di an abibin gor
+) a Sims queonp
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