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Aditya Notes - Maths

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72 views25 pages

Aditya Notes - Maths

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adityaarya092005
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I Unit 4 S I Homogeneous Linear PBE with constant coefF- | Casei- Different Roots |Cr= F2(y+mixd) +f ly+mary+ eet faly +7) \Case2- Repeated Roots Gh) 4, ma=ms,m4 CF = faCy+ms>+ [Fa Cy+madt+ xe ly+ms7] + Fa pe maz) imma =m2=mz ler Fs Cgtimix)+ x P2(y+ mira t 2°43 Gsm). bas Case 3- Special Case |D- mDS xD’ cr= 260 lads > CF= £160+ YEO) rym | : : 7 | Perticular Integral- Gy PI &(o,DIz= Foy) Dea, D=b3O6,b¥0 |Shorteut- f= 1 Flextby)=4 fff SFQSdu When d@,b=cP QP boop’ PONY tthes Sy | PIE = oe et: ff { F(u)du...du { [2¢ oS 3 rt times {| CSD tt fl When BD ‘ i ee foe f FOddu du . ap) [3 POD] pt mes oS” J ay Fey) 2" m, n-> positive integer PI= 4 aM yP= FOCDs py ay d05,b9 Expand COD, DY] using binomial expansion in terms of Boxy D’or B oxy Di n Ractovize tn tevms GFCD-mD) 4 F@yy) = [ Fes C-mod Ar (d-mp) —ly y See) oa ee ieee Dave — Page Non- Homogeneous Linear PDE with constarrt coeff d o CD, D)z = Feo) 2=CF+PLI »(D-mb*a) {|Complementary Functon— Casei1- Distinct Roots (B-ma B32) (-madtaa).... (Di mn -an)z=0 CF = eo * £3 (G4 mid + PO Fa(gamard tit elm Fa (y+ ™n>) Case 2- Repeated Roots (B-mBb- 2? Fs efi Gym) 49 Pf yt me) + 0C ef (yema) Case 3- Special Case (DS Cr= f2@0+4R GD > for vepeated xoots Case. 4-3If itis: not cfactorized et oeaete ee Ashyk ave constant Fey) sin (ax+by) ox cos (ant by) Pre £ cos (62+ by) PD, DZD, DOU DF...) ie ——— age TF Denominator = 0 Ss Preset p=-37,D9p, > | & PCD; D4 D> DYs---) es D’, DD -ab, Dt. -b?, D* Dp prs 1 Sty 24 eS bY G - boon FSD oD, )) d@yb) When (a, b)=0 then multiply by x ory - e| DSD’- Pr=x 4 ext by . 3 OD,D) Dea, D=b ob el] S>p- PI=y 4 ety 2 PDD) Sb Bs Gil Fuy)s oct"? — Binomial Expansion L COMMON > min. texm ty FG yy BY Vey) Pre 4 a) V@oy) D3 Bra, Dopt> POD) 2 earthy 4 — Soe teow (Bra, D+) A ee ec a _ man Date — $CXD sy DI z= FOyy) rs Nariable coefRcient PDE Equations reducible +o PDE with constantcoeff. Cauchy Fuler Method X7U 4» YOnv Let xe“ and yeev logecsu log yey sath yror Sos aby a WS DO-d UP d7F> DOD~3) Doc ey acy 3% SBD”, 2333-5 D(D-4) (D-D Wdy DS2e8 > YO» DZ = GOs) Linear PDE of first order 6 Ee agrange °s Equation - Fp+Qg=R where, pss 2 9= Be pe J P,Q, R> Funchions of e4,2 Working Rule= || AE = “dee = dy U= C4 OY V= Ca Te where UV 2) YZ 3 C41,Ca— constant \|Greneval sol? bCusv) =O or ur Fiver vain f Non-Linear PDE of first order- 6 Charpit’s Method - IAE- dp = dg = dz = de = dy BE aps afag3h -pafgaf af “BF ox o2 of oe oP of Pp oT Find p andg Put in > dz='pdxtrg dy “Then Integrate : + Cauchy’s Method. of Characteristes- Consider a fiyst orcley PDE- @ au +bau = FOesy)+ ku where u Cosy)-h@) Sr BY AE- dx =dy. du sag 6 FGGy)¥ka : __—_ an EELEMIND Date Untt 2. Page Classifcation lof Linear PDE of 299 ovder- Adu + BIUV+ CBU 4+FEGY,U,dU-+dU)= 3° Sa 2 dY Oy ex dy Where A,B,C ave constant ox function of x key having comtnuous partial devivatves and A is posthve, Elliptic $ iF BP-4AC <0. ey Hyperbolic; if B=4ac >o0 ayy Revabolic: if B-4Ac20 2. sy zc ay ibvations of = siretehed ating: te doe Boundary Conolitions - a YOst) =O di} YCL,4)= 0 a W=o at t=-o 1) YGu0)= FCO ‘ot Y Gy +) = (Ca cospretCasinped (Cacosept} sincpt) Nalue of ec? in 18 Wave - cts T m maa Date ae Pago —— || One Dimensional it : Buse ctdu ot “ea> . Nalue ofc?: K/SP [UGot)=[/ S Am cos p+ Br sin poet P +] nea Boundary Conditions- Gl ulo,t)=O dh UCLD=0 di) UG0)= FD +|Solstion_of Awe “Giimensionsl) wave eguation- dt. = Of Fu +3) : ae OF) UGoYyt)= (Ca coske+Ca sinks) (Es cosly+ cu sinly) _ (cscos (RAD ct+c6 sin GAH] Let’s Assume -that-the membrane iS réctangulay and is stetched betveenthe lines i %=O0,x=a, G=Oy4=b | Boundary Condrtions- | u=O when x=9 diy, Us O when y=0- a @|| U=O when x=a (yy u=Q wheny=b = Date Page a -LCoy,b= = > sinumrz sin pxy (Amn cospst + Te Ae alee Bmn sinpst) UGsyt)= = SF Amn sin max ‘sinnxy cospt mea na2 a 5 : where ng Aren= 4 (4-604) sin ma ‘sin nxy dydx abs z 5 a a P= xc [m+ n> Va=_ B= TWo= Dimensional) Heat Flow- du = oP 8% + 8) where ct=k ot CaF Sy?) sp Steady State- Su =0 ot [Laplace Equations (In 25) Su +Fu =o a O2r5 = Ooze, Let G=xKYi¢d X72 -N"s - (minus should be with Y) XY. : ina Date Pago —_ u@e y= (C2 Cospet Co sinpre) (caePIy cy e Psy e||Laplace’s Equartion- kz 7M +84 VU) = du Vase Sge aay ot In Steady State— Mu 434+ 8 =-0 aac oye sam 3[ Transmission Line Equations- a& Telephone Eguations— BV = Le BV 4 (ROHLG) 8V4+ RGN Dat Ste Se SAT = Lo aPT 4+ (LGtROVAII + RGIT Q oP ote P ot : Oo G+ sF6 - @Telegraph eguations +!“ TF te G=0 ,eg"@kO. Become” Pv = Roa and 77 2 Roar oe wee me They are Similar +to-the equations tn a-D heat Flow. a = FREED Dato Page Radio f&>ustions - IF R=Gz0 , eg") &(2) become SV =LCWBN and d7T =Lc 377 Sat Ste we ste They aresimilay +o-the wave equation. IF R and G ave negligible, the trans mission lines become - Sv = -Ld and dt =-Cw Bz ot Ome ot cy) Submavine cable eguations- If L=C=0,e9"® SV 2 RGN and er =-Rar KF On Sae> Da? Date Unit 3- Statisties I rage —____ Moments about mean (Central Moments) — 1 = iE Type dy] wire a = AGéi-32) Woy Ua agers Na central maments 2 meah = SPH ow Soe Ato =f a. oN= sf Wo =1 5 w41=0 If mean er, apply type 2. Foe Moment about an “arbitrary number” - Type24 7 wre a = FGi-AT , wb=4,WisR-A Nt If mean €.1, apply type 2 «|| Relation - W4a=0 , Variances was wd-(wi)* = (sD)* Ug = US - Bud uit+ 21)” (Skewness) Ways Wy 4g + 62 (ud) 3(wua)4 (kurtosis) Conversely — wis BR-A 9 Was at (ut)~ ~ ge tis-+ Bud Ld - 2(wua)* at ei ’ Gian , an us = Ue tubs - 6a Gus) + 3 (wi)! Moment about origin- | \bea Seah Vor dy Va =% (Mean) N Vaz 4 =A? N Relation between Wr and vr - Miz 9 Vaz Wa4t(R)™ , Vet s+ sua Nas Wat 4s (s+ Guat) + (324 Skewness—> Ba= Ws” , measure of Cua? skewness (72)= +/B1 Yi -ve (Because sign of ws i's =ve) Negatively skewect) Yi>+ve ( Positively skewed) Kurtosis —» Ba Ua > ¥2=Po-3 — (4ua)* Poe ps ie _ oan Date Pago Leptekuttic Ba >s.,¥2>0 ° Mesokurtic> B2=3 ,Y220 Platykurte-> Pa<3_ 4 Ya where Dir= Rank of x- nen Rank ofy Tied Ranking- r= 4-60 SDI%4 4/12 ma (ma® 2)+ t/tama (mea, J n(n? 4 Linear regvession- byes nZey-SEYy ov byaer oy Nn Boe? (52> oo g-Ge rey Gem) oo Regression coefficients - bay = nzxy-seFy oy -bey= reo nzy?- (ey) y MH a) bh Tee ¢y-9) y ee by x bay = py x) Soe SS =y ee) Bypex bocy \\Y \\\ ub \ [a , Unit Mathematical Definition of Probability The probability of happening of €- | pox P(E)= Favourable no. oficases =m Exhaustve no.ofcases 7 No. of cases Unfavourable to happening of e = n-m. ie ti Probability that event € will not happen- \ “g or PE) = Unfavourable no-of cases =n-m Exhaustive no. af cases iD Muliplicative -Law of Probabilty- t P(ANB)= P(A x P(BJA) || Baue’s. Theorem - ‘traels “ i" PCEL/A) = PCE) PALE) = PCR) POAIED) ea Probability Mass Function _(PMF)- Hhe probability function of the random Variable Vaviable x) satisfies Following = ped) 70 () Spd) =4 Mean and Nariance- Mean (ui) = = pire Nariance (=) Zp Gc-u)™_or = p72 SD, 7 = 4+Variance (i pe [+] Probability Density Rinction (PBF)- FCQ7 0 At FQ PDE + f Gy [FG oc 4 | NOTE < = .| Arithmetic Mean= [i ‘ac FOO \ a: * .b a,| Harmonic) Meanz “4 = f 4 FGd ct He Sr ee ; Geometric Meanz_leg Gi= - logne- Fld dee - Bar Moment about origin Vrs [ ach Fade 3 [Momert. about = A> [PGA FCdde. a Cumulative Distribution Function BF) IF Fed= (™% Feddx= PIxs> Z JL che 7° Por F(b)- F@)= [© Fed de= Plas xs b) J Byte [Proper ty- wiping aspen epi Gi ot Fd) = FES), hes oe. FO)=fCd>0. i [Feej=0. Gi) FeS)-2 (Mathematical. Expectation ov Expected value- ‘ a , | EG0= Sphe EGO Mean var(0= EG2)= CEGaj2 EGO= =fx/N | = S pio? practy* POx=r)2 Gr ptgh? [pred reOayn TIT fo | Recurrence “Relation - | Portd)= nore PPG) : : Rae Mean and Variance - About ovigin- 2 - Mx CH= (9+ pet)” About mean- Moenplt)= (qe Pt petty? POSH) = ear r! Recurrence Formula- PO+4)= A PO) ra Mean and Vaviance- Mean = Variance = A f@d= 1 oC exces lan W>Mean e3Sshb 7 PX F@)= 1.218 1 Vax \ Noymal Dishibubon as a lmiting formof Ui Binomial. Distribution (whenp=g) - 4x2 Ye erie Mean and Variance- AM=- ssw Variance- 452 SbB= War =6 osha eiviaicl lanl DAN Mean wt bee x Variance: yore? s3 | bo ee OS ee Standard Exror- a z= t-E@) oo tioehh 9 S: EC) Level of Signifizance- 5 Io (0-05) Two +ailec tést IZ« l= 1.96 é Hi Wu>-ue Right.tailecd test 2x =1. 645 ci Ha: w Ztab Ho vejected = Ha accepted There is a signifaance cliff. Ho-y Null Aypothesis |, Ha AHernatve (i Hypothesis + Test of Significance for Large Samples- | Single Mean 2=x-u 1°07 30 Meee | «Nr = “not given- Zeer S/n 7 o> SD of the popu! [53 sp of the sample [> Mean of population z the slandard error of mean of a anclom lsample of sizen-fom a population with vaviance o* is o/VA test of Significance -for difference of mean, - = of-two large sample- 2254-36 dee: ae Jina- ha When waseate he. asa zea sa efa+2 1" nT When 4,52 ave not known and sata. i ze ta -%s [sP+s2 Vonatna. Testi- | Student’s t+ Dishibutfon > n¥30 J tbe Dem where S SNn Lad n> Sample size. ue a a Ef sh of sample is qiven- te be-w 8Nn-2 Deqree of freedom= n-4 A Tey \ —~T email samples- Bt “Gua tee Degree Of freedom=JF aaa sfaya. =natna-2 —— Voiohasssses s 3 J > mean of two samples. «| When two samples SD $4 Sa are given- S?= naga*4+nasa™ natna-2 «|| when sa andSa are not given— 7 = Sua-sa) + Sa say™ . na+n2-2 -|Snedecor’s Vaviance yetiotest (F= test) sits mass? Sats naSa™ Nara na-41 OF 9 Ma=nir-2 ., Vva=ho-4 F= si? when si? > Sa Sa SP =Ga-3q > Sat= = @a-sa)* Hara na-41 Dete. =O Page y s||NoTE-_pxg. contingency cable. | of =(p-1) 4) Totalx Col Hee ¢ (Expected frequency)= Row Total x Column Whole Total diy|| Sample size- large @) ; | N%650..00N-9 Total no: of frequencies) iy || B canbe calculated by- | Binomial Dist- df=n-4 | Poisson. Dist-) AF# 0-2. [Normal Dist- df =n-3 || Concluston- + Xtal <2 tab = Ho. accepted Fit is gocel. ral 22a. => Ho rejected. FE IS poor reli of asians BARBI |One ry Cesetfieste [A go Be 56 OM A cue aks ec, ee )| Grand Total (@1)= SAN eBasca B)|_ Correction factor: CoF= Camt/n | Total-sum of‘ square ~” I (ZAM SB% S03? | - CF Sum of square | “bh Sample = [eat Gar + cee] mt aaa Sum of squares with samples- (otal sum of squares)- (Sum of vare blw aia G5, samples) df blw sample = k-1 [OF within sample =n-k k> no. of samples Total sum of Sguave=n-1 | ANOVA Table - Source ||, Sumof. _. BP Mean sum Vaviance [OF Squares of squares xato eration i Bw ‘A k-a A/k-3 A/ke =F Tse aah 6 Within e h-k efn-k Sample a —jWVTetal c hea \ Construchion of Control Chart for variable= Noel aah Ex (SCH Mad Matt in = 2 = 2 i) n_s3e Sample mean 3 St Sample ranges R= *max- min R= Saas hime org Sx fe K cory “K R R= Rit Rate the 24 5 Ri K KFA iim =O) [X Chart- Certral line SR, tolerance lirnitt: not given, ul, -tolevance I'mitgiver wea CLeL+ UCL as Lower Control Limtt-> LcL= %-A2R. Upper Corrtro! Limit > UCL=% + AaR R_Chart- CL=R 4 LcL= Dak ,UCL=D4R:. Contre! Chart for Att bute- @ p Chart =. @) np Chart » "C3 limit) 2 BE No.of defective articles : Found th any ins pechon “Total no. oFarficles actually “inspected CL=65 CL= np Ucl= B+3ep i~ where B =5np =P 3/Pa-B) =n A UcLs nB+ 3enp ILc.=p-3—p =nP+ BnpG-Pp) idee Bo afResp ts sz icu=inp-3 Jrpa-p) I n ee, (ity C Chart= ; i C= No-of defects in all Samples Total no. of samples CL=e 4 UCl=C+WE ,ecL=S_-3JE

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