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C10 Exponents & Logs - Previously Covered

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17 views47 pages

C10 Exponents & Logs - Previously Covered

Uploaded by

feelmefree99
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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C10- EXPONENTS AND LOGS

(MATERIAL ALREADY COVERED)

Maths SL
ARNSBY LINE THEORY

1) negative sign “mini me” ….. divide

= 1 2) Tilt head sigh of despair as


We DETESTE long division
3) Negative sign… now looks like a 1.
this is numerator

4) You’ve now dealt with the minus

= 5) Write everything left as the


denominator
Index Laws

y x
a yb = ya + b
We add the indices when we multiply
two powers with the same base

y ÷
a yb = ya - b

We subtarct the indices when we


multiply two powers with the same base
Index Laws

(y )
a b = ya x b

We multiply the indices when we


have a power of a power
Rational and Irrational

Q1) What ‘s the notation for rational and irrational numbers?


Q2) If you round a surd to 7s.f. is that an exact answer?
Surd rules, which look
scarey..

Can we link these to other rules which we know, like index rules?
Rationalising the fraction
Conjugate surds
N.B evaluate by calculating the numeric value with GDC
1
log lawst

Generalize you pattern


using algebra:

Normally
written as:
Logs just follow the 2 golden
rules of algebra
1) Logs not scary, follow 2 golden rules of algebra
2) Logarithms viewed as an operation like square root,
square, tan, invtan etc

3) tan(30) doesn’t mean tan X 30 and so


4) log(4) doesn’t mean log X 4, it means apply the log
operation to 4

5) Hence don’t make common mistake

The stuff rule does not apply


These are all wrong.
Person assumed log(b) means
log multiplied by b.
It does not so STUFF rule
doesn’t apply.
Easy Example: x an integer

Factorise LHS ready for


Stuff rule
Use GDC to calcuate
Example Ex 10D Q1: x non integer

Check:
Use GDC and plug x=0.712 into

And see if holds


true
Example Ex 10D Q2:

See two slides time for so


Common mistakes at this
point
Check:
Use GDC and plug x=2.58 into

And see if holds


true
Common mistakes in last
example
side….logging.

EX10D
More Challenging

Ex10D
Answers
Example for Ex10D Q3
Check:
Use GDC and plug x=0.712 into

And see if holds


true
Solve 2 of these…..but look
first at common
misconceptions next slide

Answers:
Can you see what’s wrong?

People also try to fudge it like this


Lazy Mathematicians
What we write What we should write

We are lazy and when we write no


’base’ we mean log base 10
2 major lazy notations in logs

‘e’ is a very important number in maths.


It is an irrational number just like pi.

Can you tell me the 2 features a number must have


a) For it to be considered irrational?
b) How to write e is irrational in formal maths notation?

ANSWERS
a) non-recurring. i.e no pattern
Non-terminating. i.e goes on forever b)
But more of this fellow later on in the course…
Investigating log law 2

a) Choose different types of number for c


(+ve,-ve,0,integers,non-integers)
b) Is there a pattern that works for some numbers
c) Are there any types of number for which the pattern
doesn’t work?

Try to generalise all this information (including limits of pattern) with a formula
Log law 2
Remember we solved
this previously using So now we can be more
log or rather efficient using
Attempt a question you did not
use before with the more
efficient method

Ex10D
Answers
Using to manually solve
logs

Trigger: if the ‘number’ can be written as the base to the power of something
then it’s. GAME ON.
b) Can you write 1/25 as 5 to the
a) Can you write 81 as 3 power of something?
to the power of something?
From last slide From last slide:
EX 10C
Remember we solved So now we should be a
this previously using To solve without a calc
Misconceptions
A) Log is an operation

Log(3) does not mean log multiplied by 3

B) Hence Stuff rule does not apply in this situation


Example of
C

C) Can’t leave logs hanging. You can’t just divide both


sides by log…must be logging number or letter.
ALSO Issue stuff rule as per B

2 problems with this..


Logs have to be attached to a letter
Or number, can’t be hanging
Most text books confuse people because they jump straight form [1] to [2]
and miss out
All of the goldenrules of algebra.
Can you fill in the missing working to get from [1] to [2]

Label [1]

Label [2]
Examination-style question
Julia starts a new job on a salary of £15 000 per annum. She is promised
that her salary will increase by 4.5% at the end of each year. If she stays in
the same job how long will it be before she earns more than double her
starting salary?
n-1
15 000 × 1.045 = 30 000

1.045n-1 = 2 In this example this


Formula is used.
log 1.045n-1= log 2 But be careful the years is
always 1 less than the term
(n-1) log 1.045 = log 2 Number in this particular
Case.

15.7

n=16.7 (3s.f) in other words after the 16ht term which means it happens on
the 17th term
As it’s the 17th term, Julia’s starting salary will have doubled after the 17-
1=16 years.

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