SINAV SORU VE CEVAP KAĞIDI

QUESTION and ANSWER SHEET

Dersin Kodu:
Dersin Adı: Dersin Şubesi:
Course Code:MAK-ME
Course Title: FLUID MECHANICS-II Midterm Exam Course Section:01
308
Ders Sorumlusu Öğretim Sınav Saati:
SınavTarihi:
Elemanının Adı Soyadı: 9.15-11.00
Date of Exam: 25/03 /2024
Name of Lecturer: Prof. Dr. Tahir YAVUZ Hour of Exam:

Adı Soyadı: Öğrenci Numarası:

Name-Surname: Student Number:
Fakülte/MYO/YO/Enstitü: Bölüm/Program:
Faculty/Vocational School/Institute: ENGINEERING Department/Programme: Mechanical Eng.

Insructions
 There are 5 questions
 Do not ask any question to anybody other than instructor
 Do not leave your exam place in the first 30 minutes of the exam.
Formulations:

R 1  2   2 2 1  2  , Q   
1 dP 2  r2  Q  r2  KQ 2
V (r )  
4 dx  R  R  R   2KQ ,
L V2 8 fL
hf  f  2 5 Q 2  KQ 2
D 2 g  gD
 
 u( y)  D u( y)  u( y) 
 *   1   dy   1   dy w  
du 1
 C f U 2
 U  U 2
U  U  dy y 0 2
0 , , 0 ,

2P
Q  A2 C Q

 1  (d / D )4 

Duration: 90 minutes
Q Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q5 Total

Grade /20 /22.5 /22.5 /20 /15 /100

GOOD LUCK!

1
Q.1. Explaine and define ;

a) External – internal flows, developping and developed flows, and boundary layer flow(by
drawing a schematic diagram)
b) Smooth and totally rough surfaces( matematically),
c) Absolute , gauge , total, static and dynamic pressures.
d) Energy and hydraulic energy lines between two reservuars shown in the figure

4d

Pump d

e) Momentum(Velocity) and thermal boundary layers along the plate. Define the edges of the
baoundary layers.
U: Free stream velocity
To:Free stream temperature
To
U Tw: Wall temperature

y Tw>To

x
&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
Sol:
a) Internal flow; Flow is bounded by externally,
External flow: Flow in unbounded externally,
If the velocity profile in the flow direction does not change it is defined as developed
flow. Atherwise it is called as developing flow.
u=u(r) developed flow… du/dx=0, dP/dx= Constabt
u=u(x,r) developing flow…du/dx0, dP/dx Constant

2
 b)
ku
  5  smooth surface

 70  Rough surface
c)Pressure include atmospheric pressure is called Absolute pressure,
Gage pressure present effective pressure.
Total pressuer = Static pressure + dynamic pressure,

Dynamik pressure is related to the velocity of the flow, (1/2)V2

Absolute pressure includes the atmospheric pressure, P Abs=Patm+Peff
Pgage=Peff
PTot=Pstag=Pstatic+Pdynamic

V22
d)
2g

.
2
V
1
2g

4d

Pump d

&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&

T=0.99To
To
U u=0.99U
T
y v

3
 Q2. Int al flow rates for each p pe n the network p p ng system are shown n F gure.
Determ ne flow rate and flow d rect on for each p pe n the system.

8 fL
hf  Q 2  KQ 2
 gD
2 5

The value of K for each pipe is given below.

0.120 m3/s

0.07 m3/s (1) 0.050 m3/s

K1=4
K2=5 (2)
K3=6 0.05 m3/s (3) 0.01 m3/s (5)
0.03 m3/s
K4=3
K5=2 0.01 m3/s 0.040 m3/s
(4)
0.030 m3/s

Note: Initial flow rates are given in the figure.

&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&

Sol:

0.120 m3/s

0.07 m3/s (1) 0.050 m3/s

K1=2
K2=3 (I)
K3=2 (2) 0.01 m3/s
K4=3 3
0.05 m /s (3) (5)
(II) 0.03 m3/s
K5=2
0.01 m3/s 0.040 m3/s
(4)
0.030 m3/s

I. Calculation:
Lop I

No K Q 2KQ KQ2 Q
1 2 0.07 0.28 0.0098
2 3 -0.05 0.3 -0.0075
3 2 -0.01 0.04 -0.0002
Total: 0.62 0.0021 Q1=-0.0033
 KQo2
Q   2 KQ
4  o
 Correction for pipe (3) in the I st loop; Q1-Q2=-0.0033+0.0077=0.0044
Loop II

3 2 0.01 0.04 0.0002

4 3 -0.01 0.06 -0.0003
5 2 0.03 0.12 0.0018
Total 0.22 0.0017 Q2=-0.0077

Q   2 KQo
KQ 2

 o
Correction for pipe (3) in the II st loop; Q2-Q1=- 0.0077+0.0033)=-0.0044

Correct the flow rate for each pipe in the loops (I) and (II).

II. Calculation
Loob I
After corection;
1 2 0.066 0.264 0.0087
2 3 -0.053 0.318 -0.0084
3 2 -0.022 0.0258 -0.00066
Total: 0.607 -0.00036 Q1=0.0010

For pipe 3 in the Loop (I)= 0.0088-(-0.0033)=0.012

Loob II
3 2 0.022 0.088 0.00096
4 3 -0.021 0.126 -0.0013
5 2 0.018 0.072 0.00064
Total 0.286 0.00034 Q2=0.0010

This case Q1 and Q2 have negligable values

Finally,
Q1=0.066 m3/s, Q2=-0.053 m3/s, Q3=-0.022 m3/s, Q4=-0.021 m3/s, Q5=0.018 m3/s

This case Q1 and Q2 have negligable values.

&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&

5
Q3.Velocity profile and average velocity equations in the turbulent pipe flow are given by
the equations,

__
V (r ) ( R  r )u V Ru
 2.44 ln  5.0 ,  2.44 ln   1.34
u  u 

The shear stress at the wall is measured to be 0.06 N/m2 . Diameter of the pipe is 15 cm and
fluid is air with the density 1.225 kg/m3and viscosity 0.00001 m2 /s.
Calculate;
a) the velocity at the axis of the pipe,
b) Darcy Friction factor, f and local friction coefficinet ,Cf ,
c) Power for the pipe with 100m in length.

SOL:
a)

w 0.06
u    0.22 m / s ,
 1.25
Vmax Ruu  0.075 x0.22 
 2.44 ln  5.0  Vmax  0.22 2.44 ln  5.0 
u   0.00001 
 5.07 m / s

__
V 0.075 x0.22
 2.44 ln  1.34  Vav  4.27 m / s
u 0.00001
b)
1 2 w 2 x0.06
 w  C f V 2  c f    0.00537
2 V av 1.225 x 4.27 2
2

f  4C f  4 x0.00537  0.0214

c)
Pe  Ffric xVav   w (D.L) xVav
 0.06 x( .x0.15 x100) x 4.27  12.06W

&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&

6
Q4. Boundary layer development aong the flat plate is given the similarity equation,

d3 f 1 d2 f 1 ıı
 f 0 or f ııı  ff  0
d 3 2 d 2 2
U
where f’=df/d, u=f’U, y
x
Numerical solution of the equation is given in the Table below. Calculate =(x), *=*x),
=(x).
Explaine how to calculate the drag force acting on the plate. (Plate has length 50 cm and
width 30 cm. Fluid is air and air=0.00001 m2/s and =1.2 kg/m3 . Free stream velocity
U=1m/s)

U
y
x
as   5.0, y

7
 U U 5.0  5.0  5.0
y  5.0        
x x U x U x Re x
x
x x

x x
ii)  =  (x)=?

u
   (1 )dy (1)
x
(based on the y)
0
U

U x
y  dy  d
x U

x df x
U   (d  df )
x  (1  ) d  ( Based on the  )
d U
x x
 (  f ) 0 

[ ( )  f (  )]  [ ( 0 )  f ( 0 )] 
U U
x
x  [5.0  3.28]  [0  0]
U
 x
1 . 72 U ''
  w  U f (0)
x Re x x
,

’’
f (0)=0.332 (from Table),
w 0.335

U 2
Rex

L L L
1 1 0.66 1 0.66
CD 
L0 C f ( x)dx  
L 0 Re x
dx  
L 0 Ux
dx


1.328 1.328
 
UL Re L

0.335 U 2 0.335U 2 0.335U 2 1/ 2 L 0.335 U 2 1/ 2
L L L L
D    w ( x )dA    w ( x )dx.1   dx.1   x 1/ 2 dx  2 x 0 2 L
0 0 0 Ux / U 0 U U
  
Or

8
 1.328
CD 
Re L
1 1 1.328
D C D U 2 ( L.1)  U 2 L 
2 2 UL / 

Q5. Water at 20°C flows through the orifice in Fig. which is monitored by a mercury
manometer. If d =3 cm, (a) what is h when the flow rate is 20 m3/h and (b) what
is Q in m3/h when h = 58 cm? Note: take CQ=1.0

Sol:

d 2 2P
Q
4
CQ

 1  (d / D) 4 
20  2P
 (0.03) 2  P  26958 Pa
3600 4 
1000 1  (3 / 5) 4 
P1  h w  h m  P2  P1  P2  h( m   w )
P 26958
h   0.22m
 m   w 136000  10000
b)

d 2 2 P
Q
4
CQ

 1  (d / D ) 4 
 2 P
Q (0.03) 2
4 
1000 1  (3 / 5) 4 
P1  h w  h m  P2  P1  P2  P  h( m   w )  0.58(126000)  73080Pa

 2 x73080
Q (0.03) 2  0.0093m 3 / s
4 
1000 1  (3 / 5) 4 
9