International Journal of Advanced Research and Publications

ISSN: 2456-9992

The Effects of Sleep Deprivation Among Nurses

Jennifer M. Sison
Urdaneta City University

San Vicente West Urdaneta City Pangasinan

jennifersison246@gmail.com

Abstract: This study assessed the effects of sleep deprivation encountered among nurses. It dealt with the

profile of the respondents in terms of their age, gender, civil status, highest educational attainment, position, and

number of years in service. It also focused on the sleep deprivation among nurses along with medication errors,

documentation, attitude towards handling patient care, relationship with colleagues, unable to identify patients

correctly, equipment-related injuries, and health-related harms. Strategies adopted by the nurses would also be

determined to minimize sleep deprivation.

A descriptive research design is use in the study to utilize questionnaire as the primary data gathering tool.

Questionnaires are adapted from previous literature and studies. Different statistical tools are used in the study like

frequency and percentage, weighted mean, t-test, and ANOVA.

The study aimed to review the current situation and response regarding the effects of sleep deprivation on

performance, health and cognitive functions among the members of the nursing staff. The modern 24-hour shifts

progressively involve nursing staff working more than 40 hours a week, and few nurses sleep less than six hours

before their change. Sleep deprivation impedes the performance that requires intensive and prolonged attention,

which increases the number of errors inpatient care, and nurses were subject to increased risk of health and safety

concerns during work. Few sleep-deprived members of the nursing staff were at risk of obesity, diabetes,

gastrointestinal disorders, cardiovascular disease, and risk factors for breast cancer and a significantly higher risk for

colorectal carcinoma. Furthermore, measures and strategies are recommended to prevent the long-term effects of

sleep deprivation. The studies propose programs that focus on lessening and, or eradicating medication errors,

documentation issues, problems in identifying patient and safety concerns. Nurses would demonstrate a positive

attitude towards patients and relatives, fully rested and ready for work. Lastly, adopt a balanced diet and exercise to

maintain weight according to body mass.

Keywords: Adaptability, health, regulation, stress

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 International Journal of Advanced Research and Publications
ISSN: 2456-9992

Introduction one through four and (Rapid Eye movement) REM

Atypical work schedule causes reduce Sleep sleep. The brain produces slow waves during the

leading to drowsiness, fatigue, a decline of first stage of sleep, and respiratory rate, heart rate,

cognitive performance, and health problems among and temperature decrease. The first stage of sleep

the members of the nursing staff. Consequently, the lasts from two to five minutes. In the second stage

study focuses on understanding current attitudes, of sleep, brain waves are slower, and eye

situations, and responses regarding the impact of movements cease in the next twenty to forty

sleep deprivation on health and cognitive functions minutes of sleep. The third and fourth stages of

among the members of the nursing staff. sleep are the deepest. Heart rate, oxygen level, and

According to the National Center for respiratory rate are low; the brain waves are

Biotechnology Information (NCBI), Maryland slowest, and the brain releases a growth hormone to

(2019), and Newson (2021), sleep deprivation repair cells and tissues. Finally, the body enters

impairs the performance of tasks that require REM sleep; the brain’s activity level equals an

intensive and prolonged attention, which increases awakened state. Muscles are paralyzed, and heart

numerous errors in patient’s care, and nurses are rate, temperature, blood pressure, and respiratory

subject to increased risk of traffic accidents. rate rise. The brain accumulates debris but does not

Additionally, sleep-deprived members of the possess lymphatic vessels to transport the trash. The

nursing staff are at risk of obesity, diabetes, brain’s waste removal system, the lymphatic

immunity, cognitive impairment, and cardiovascular system, removes the waste while the body is in

disease. Sleep is the resting period for our body to REM sleep. REM sleep also stimulates

recover what it has endured throughout the day.

memory, which is extremely important in the
Humanity has never fully comprehended the
developing child.Too long or repeated night shifts
concept of sleep, such as how or why it happens.
reduce the opportunity for sleep; shorten recovery
Sleep is a vital complex biological process. The
time in nurses, thus endangering their safety and
brain is constantly at work during the day and gets a
health, the quality of care, and patient's safety.
short rest during sleep. The human body follows the
Therefore, considering the significance of the
schedule of the circadian rhythm. The body is
problem, it is necessary to conduct surveys of sleep
always programmed to function in a certain way at
quality, the health of nurses, and ways to avoid
a specific time.
sleep deprivation. Sleep deprivation is a state in
Gresh (2019) and Lederhouse (2019)
which an individual experiences prolonged periods
mentioned that sleep was divided into five stages,
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ISSN: 2456-9992

without enough sleep, thus putting Nurses at risk of According to Patient Safety Network

sleep disorder. (PSNET) (2019), Caldwell (2018), and Lakshmi

Benoite (2016) and Peri (2019) cited that sleep (2018), they gave the importance of sleep and its

has been a part of everyone’s life. Night shift work known effect on cognitive performance, the link

is essential to some professions, especially among between sleep and patient safety has garnered

nurses, but it burdens those who must remain awake considerable attention. In 2006, Agency for

during a time devoted to sleep. Sleep deprivation Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) funded

happens when; night sleeping occurs at daytime the National Academy of Medicine to synthesize

thus; it and interferes with the normal progression evidence on Nurse Schedules and health care safety

of the sleep-wake cycle. Several studies associate to recommend strategies enabling optimization of

working during the night shift and, or working work schedules and patient safety. In this report,

prolonged periods with health and sleep problems. fatigue was characterized as a latent hazard and an

Shorter sleeping times were related to unsafe condition in health care that increases the

cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, hypertension, medical error rate. In a classic review of sleep

obesity, immunological issues, and cognitive deprivation and decision-making, investigators

impairment. In the Philippines, non-so fun fact argued that effective performance in health care

nurses who are supposed to be proponents of health environments requires naturalistic decision-making

and default of good sleep are also unwitting and situation awareness. This type of thinking

proponents of widespread professionals’ culture of involves assessing and planning for rapidly

sleep deprivation. As nurses, they know it is changing situations, forming mental models and

unnatural and unhealthy to ignore the urge to sleep. future status projections, evaluating risks,

They know that staying up late takes its toll on the appreciating the consequences of actions, and

body, thus depriving us of sleep. The sunsets and rapidly revising plans in light of changing

rises with us, never catching a wink. Patients come information. These cognitive activities significantly

and go with our sleep befuddled brains trying to influence prefrontal cortex functions, such as

cope, chugging along like neglected trains long in memory and tracking capacity, particularly sensitive

need of maintenance. Problems arise due to lack of to sleep deprivation and fatigue. Acute and chronic

sleep. Let us start with decreased alertness, a sleep deprivation results in increased deficits in

decline in cognitive function, fatigue, and more function, mood, and heightened irritability, thus

issues and concerns among nurse’s personal life and causing impairment in communication and

medical professionals’ duties and responsibilities. coordination within the health care teams. Chronic

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sleep deprivation can also contribute to burnout, promoting optimal sleep and detecting and

which are recognized as a threat to patient safety. preventing insomnia “not only promotes health and

American Academy of Sleep Medicine workability among employees, but it can also lead

(2019) and Pacheco (2020) study results showed to notable savings in reduced sickness absence

that 49% of participating nurses at an academic costs.

medical center averaged less than 7 hours per night. In a recent study from National Health and

The overall average nightly sleep time was 6.6 Nutrition Examination Survey (NIOSH) (2016) and

hours. A symptom consistent with chronic insomnia Abdalkarem (2021), night-shift workers have the

is identified in 31% of nurses, and excessive highest risk for sleep problems compared with all

daytime sleepiness is seen in 4.5% of them. other workers. Examined data for nearly 6.35 adults

Twenty-seven percent of nurses using drugs to help Participants answered questions about the length

them sleep, and 13% reported uses drugs to stay and quality of their sleep, sleep disorders, and

awake. Symptoms indicative of shift work disorder impairment of sleep-related activities of daily

were present in 31% of nurses. About 18.5% of living. They also had to identify if their work shift

nurses also had a moderate-to-severe risk for was during the day between (6 a.m. and 6 p.m.),

obstructive sleep apnea. evening (between 4 p.m. and midnight), night

Pilcher (2020) and Morris (2020) cited that (between 7 p.m. and 8 a.m.) rotating, or other. They

sleeping between seven and eight hours a night can placed participants into two categories: those who

decrease the possibility of missing work because of had slept less than seven hours, and those who had

illness, a recent study from the Finnish Institute of gotten seven or more hours of sleep. Additionally,

Occupational Health indicates. Researchers factors such as long work hours and socio-

analyzed 3,760 men and women 30-64 years old in demographic traits results showed that 61.8 percent

Finland. They asked questions about their sleep of night-shift workers slept less than seven hours,

habits and conducted a physical exam. Participants compared with 35.9 percent of daytime workers.

who slept five hours or less, or 10 hours or more, Moreover, 30.7 percent of night-shift workers

missed 4.6 to 8.9 more days of work each year than reported poor quality sleep, 22.3 percent said they

workers who slept the optimal amount of seven to felt extra sleepy during the shift, and 21.7 percent

eight hours. Insomnia symptoms, waking in the reported difficulty falling asleep, in contrast with

early morning, 12.7 of daytime workers, thus affecting nursing

Daytime tiredness, possible sleep apnea, and performance patient safety.

sleeping pill use was linked to a rise in work Hang (2018) and Garland (2018), their study

absences due to illness. In the release that mentioned that sleep-deprived members of the

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 International Journal of Advanced Research and Publications
ISSN: 2456-9992

nursing staff were at risk of obesity, diabetes, metabolism. Over time, these biochemical changes

gastrointestinal disorders, cardiovascular disease, in blood protein levels can elevate the risk for

and depression. The risk factor for breast cancer health issues such as diabetes, weight gain, and

were increased by 179 times, and there is a even cancer.

significantly higher risk for colorectal carcinoma. Likewise, Meyers (2019), the University of

Night shifts reduce the opportunity for sleep; New York, mentioned that nurses are sleeping, on

shorten recovery time in nurses, thus endangering average, less than the recommended time before

their safety, health, quality of care, and patient work, which may impact their health and job

safety. Considering the significance of the problem, performance. Nursing, especially in hospitals, is

it is necessary to conduct surveys of sleep quality dominated by shift work, with nurses working

and the health status of nurses. outside of the traditional 9-to-5 day to be at the

Winter (2017) conducted a study to address bedside around the clock. Research showed that

shift nurses’ poor sleep quality. They proposed two shift work causes harm to circadian rhythm and can

levels of approach for considering the individual impair nurse’s performance. In addition, 12-hour

level and the management/institutional level and shifts are standard and often result in unexpected

enumerated specific interventions that fit every overtime to finish patient care tasks or charting.

Lifestyle. The recommendations include: improving Taken together with commute times and domestic

sleep hygiene; providing a low‐stimulation sleep responsibilities, nurses often have limited time to

environment; conducting rigorous intervention sleep before or between shifts. Sleep deprivation

studies to evaluate the effectiveness of a variety of hurts workers' ability to handle complex and

therapies to deal with shift nurses’ sleep stressful tasks, and work-related sleep loss has led

disturbances; increasing awareness of sleep health to severe errors in other industries, with the nuclear

of shift nurses; establishing a flexible rotating work meltdown at Chernobyl as a particularly devastating

schedule; and putting in place policies such as a 15– example. In healthcare, exhausted nurses risk of

30 min nap break, social support, and a suitable making critical mistakes in administering

working environment. medication or making clinical decisions. Nurses

Moreover, Proceedings of the National reported getting, on average, just less than 7 hours

Academy of Sciences (PNAS) study showed that (414 minutes) of sleep before a workday and more

staying awake at night and sleeping during the day than 8 hours (497 minutes) before a non-work day.

for even just 24-hour period can rapidly lead to The difference in sleep duration between work and

changes in more than 100 proteins in the blood, non-work days was 83 minutes, or nearly an hour

effect on blood sugar, immune function, and and a half less sleep before a work shift. In addition,

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getting less sleep was associated with lower up an extra hour, even followed by a full night sleep

measures of patient safety and quality of care, a and going to bed an hour usual than average has an

finding that may indicate several underlying issues. insignificant effect. To support the findings, Zeitzer

At the individual level, nurses sleeping less maybe (2019) explains in his blog post quoted searching

more exhausted at work, resulting in performance the web requires your brain to do few complex

impairments. At the organizational level, if nurses tasks. Figure out what terms to search on, type the

are working in an environment that has frequent query, and then process the results to decide which

staffing shortages or high turnover resulting in one to click. Even minor differences in the amount

unexpected overtime and long hours, patient safety of time it would take us to connect. It is indicative

may be compromised in part by tired, overworked of how rapid information was processed. The idea

nurses. was people have slower processing speeds as they

Wolter (2018) and Tariq (2021) enumerated get more tired. The outcome exhibit that over the

the top 7 nursing errors and recommended first 24 hours, having an insufficient night of sleep

interventions to prevent them. Protecting the is associated with 1.2% slower performance on

patients from falling by encouraging them to ask for average keystroke timing. Subpar nights of sleep are

help when needed, and making sure there are no 4.8 percent lower than two nights with longer than

obstacles at the restroom or around the bed. six hours of sleep each (2.7 percent and 7.3 percent

Furthermore, preventing medication errors by increases for click times, respectively.)

utilizing barcoded medication using a scanning Furthermore, study also added the boost of caffeine

device allows nurses to verify the six medication intake that would help improve performance after

rights more accurately. They prevented sleep loss. The research is another example of

documentation errors by monitoring patients mobile technology, allowing researchers to collect

regularly and immediately documenting the much larger data sets in real-world time than

intervention performed. Lastly, to avoid through formal studies. Zeitzer (2017) cited that the

equipment-related injury, report defects to the risk web-scale research provides insight into the impact

management department, patient safety department, of sleep deprivation in the real world, where people

and safety supervisor. compensate for lost sleep with extra coffee and nap,

In addition, Stanford University (2017), otherwise adapt to life circumstances that limit

conducted a study on how sleep deprivation affects pillow time. The findings largely overlap with small

performance. The study showed that two and controlled lab-scale studies, where participants

consecutive nights of less than 6 hours of sleep, are systematically sleep-deprived and assessed on

could leave us inactively slow, same with staying standardized tests.

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Humphries (2017) mentioned in her study indicated that the strategies used to cope with

that, people need sufficient sleep for healing and burnout were, for the most part, practical, with

repair, especially people who underwent anxiety- some remarkable success than others. The various

producing situations. She used this Neuman’s intervention strategies presented in this study can

Systems Model, which provides a theoretical reduce the effects of burnout among nurses. From

framework for future sleep study in patients. The the 30 reviewed studies, the results did not improve

stressor relationship between the person and the burnout in only three interventions: 1) Psycho-

environment corresponds to sleep homeostasis and oncological training program, 2) Systematic clinical

effective body system physiological homeostasis, supervision, and 3) Basic nursing care. The

thus disturbing sleep. assessments were justified by the following

Furthermore, Ferri (2016) conducted a study variables: sample size, work environment, and

related to inadequate sleep of Nurses connecting working hours.

shift work to attention, performance, and mood. The

Philippine Council for Health research and
subjects rated themselves significantly sleepier
Development (2020) studies showed pieces of
when working night versus day shifts and clear-
evidence that shiftwork or working on shift hours
thinking when working day versus night shifts.
has implications for workers' well-being or health.
Despite this, there was a trend toward the better
According to the survey conducted
performance of nurses working the night shift

compared to those working the day shift, but the

difference was not statistically significant. To sum it

all, Nurses were sleepier while working nights and by the International Agency for Research on

had clearer thinking when working days. However,

Cancer (International Agency for Research on
nurses were similarly practical when performing
Cancer), working on shift hours may increase the
manual and cognitive tests, whether night shifts
risks of psychosomatic disorders of the
with day sleep or working day shifts with night
gastrointestinal tract, cardiovascular diseases, and
sleep.
even cancer among shift-workers. These can be
Pacheco (2020) made a study focused on
explained by the disruption of the circadian system
strategies to minimize and control burnout
that is caused by exposure to a disturbance at night
symptoms among nursing professionals. The review
that can alter sleep-activity patterns, suppress
identified varied interventions encompassing
melatonin production, and deregulate genes
individual, group, and organizational actions, with a
involved in tumor development. Additionally, the
significant prevalence of group actions. The results
human body synchronizing to a night and day

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pattern is known as circadian rhythm or the body's premature conclusions without considering all

endogenous biological clock. These are the aspects of a problem. This type of impulsivity may

particular part of the brain that monitors the amount also manifest as increased but unnoticed risk-

of light entering the body from time to time. In the seeking. Sleep loss can have adverse effects on the

evening, when the light starts to wane, the body control of mood and behavior. Irritability,

clock notices and prompts a flood of brain moodiness, and poor frustration tolerance are the

chemicals called melatonin, which signals the body most frequently

to fall asleep. Overnight, melatonin levels remain

described symptoms in subjects suffering from
high, drop at daybreak, and remain low during the
sleep restriction. Adolescents complained of
day. During the daytime, neurotransmitters such as

noradrenaline and acetylcholine increase and keep tiredness upon awakening (46%), anxiety, and

the body awake. This system keeps the body general weakness; university students reported

synchronized, affecting somebody’s experiencing excessive drowsiness (50%), tension,

and nervousness; and working adults suffered

functions including, temperature, digestion, heart
mostly from negative moods, such as tension
rate, and blood pressure. The School of Medicine
(49%), fear, and irritability.
and Veterans Affairs Healthcare System

(SMVAHS) conducted a study at the University of Department of Health and Rizal Memorial

California and Gibson (2020), have reported that Medical City (2018) by Tina Panganiban-Perez and

continuous distracted sleeping patterns will lead to Peterson (2016) made a video showing sleeping

sleep deprivation that might negatively affect the emergency room staff at the Rizal Medical

brain and cognitive functions, eventually causing center that went viral, incurring the wrath of social

errors in patient identification. media users. Moreover, the uploader of the video

narrated how the medical staff’s alleged negligence

National Center for Biotechnology
resulted in the patient’s death. The latter was
Information (2019) conducted a global study that
checked in the facility’s emergency room ward on
includes the Philippines about the impact of sleep
May 21. When her mother’s condition worsened
deprivation on an adolescent’s cognitive ability,
around 2:30 a.m. to 4:30 a.m., the uploader claimed
mood, and judgment. Insufficient sleep can
to have been unable to receive proper help as most
contribute to aberrant behavior; subjects who are
of the staff present were asleep. Despite seeking
chronically sleep-restricted may exhibit increased
assistance from one Doctor, her mother passed
risk-taking behavior and subjectively may show
away three days later. In line with this incident, the
deficiencies in reasoning that result from seeking

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study recommended regulating working hours in the Lifestyle, Dr. Alejandro Saranglao Jr. (2020), and

emergency response industry after documenting the Concord Hospital in New Hampshire, noted several

threatening effect of having medical workers sleep- reasons why a good sleep routine could help people

deprived. Emergency workers, whose shifts can last become more robust against coronavirus. First, he

up to 48 have straight, are in danger of suffering emphasized the importance of sleep and rest to the

from the various health risks posed by sleep immune system. Studies have shown that people

deprivation, such as cardiovascular disease and who do not get enough sleep are more likely to get

Alzheimer’s. Furthermore, the proposal was to sick after being exposed to a virus, even for

allow emergency workers to get a 96-hour break common colds. Thus, lack of sleep also lengthens

after the 48-hour shifts. Harvard Medical School recovery time if we do get sick, he mentioned. Dr.

requested that dorms will be install next to Saranglao Jr. and Gualano (2020) also noted how

emergency rooms so staff can rest for optimum rest keeps the brain alert, but when neglected, it can

performance. A 2004 study by the US National lead to a lack of creativity, poor memory, judgment,

Center for Biotechnology Information documented and slower reaction time. In a time of a viral

the drop in performance of nurses at emergency pandemic, doctors, nurses, and healthcare workers

rooms due to fatigue. need to think clearly to avoid making medical

errors, not only to protect their patients but also

ABS-CBN Lifestyle (2020) focused on how
themselves by avoiding preventable lapses. More
being “PUYAT” sleep deprivation further puts our
so, since reports on most COVID-19 casualties
immunity at risk of COVID-19 virus. Uneasiness
showed how people with underlying conditions,
resulting in sleepless nights is inevitable in times of
including diabetes and hypertension, are greatly
crisis. Some would often find themselves awake in
affected by the virus. They also mentioned that
the wee hours despite tucking in bed early, all
sleep can maintain your physical health and
worried about the COVID-19 virus. Some would
longevity. Poor sleep habits is link to increase the
binge-watch series on TV or glue themselves on
risk for cardiovascular disease, diabetes,
their phones to distract themselves. Frontlines
inflammatory conditions, and infection, thus
would end up with not much sleep at all given the
increase in in mortality.
demands and pressure of their jobs. Bottom-line is:

Many people are sleep-deprived one way or Hanvey (2019) and White (2021) cited that

another, with their health on the line. It while the coronavirus is taking its toll on thousands

of lives around the world, the disease is also having

is said that a good night's sleep is vital to overall
its physical and emotional impact on those caring
well-being. Online correspondence ABS-CBN

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 International Journal of Advanced Research and Publications
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for patients with COVID19, Dalai Lama noted that  Relay to colleagues and other trusted persons for

Real care of the sick does not begin with costly support. Additionally, Medical health professionals

procedures, but with the simple gifts of affection, are wise to think well, to eat well, to move well, to

love, and concern. The current COVID19 sleep well, to love well, and to leave well; thus, it is

pandemic brings unique stressors that thwart easier said than done. However, it is achieved with

physicians and other healthcare professionals from the proper mindset, right rational self-talk, direct

delivering this level of exceptional, genuine care. positive vision, right stress-reducing moments of

World Health Organization (WHO) suggests several deep breathing, and healthy reasonable protective

steps that first responders and healthcare frontline boundaries. Consequently, go to reliable sources

caretakers can adopt to manage their mental health only for necessary information. If anxiety becomes

and psychosocial well-being better: interrupting, which interferes with professional and

 She is taking care of herself. personal responsibilities, it is time to obtain help,

 Adopt helpful coping strategies such as ensuring ideally from a trusted counselor that focuses on

adequate rest and respite during work or between cognitive-behavioral transformation.

shifts, eating sufficient and healthy food, engaging Sleep Foundation (2021), Johnson (2019), and

in physical activity, and stay contact with family Rogen (2018) published an article correlating

and friends. excessive sleepiness and workplace accident. These

 Prevent using unhelpful coping strategies such as sort of sleep deprivation and daytime fatigue can

tobacco use, alcohol, or other drugs. lead to severe consequences both personally and

professionally. A lack of sleep impacts both

physical and mental health. People who sleep

poorly are at higher risk for high blood pressure,

stroke, heart disease, and obesity. They are also at

risk for developing anxiety and depression. In the

workplace, excessive sleepiness can significantly

increase the likelihood of a workplace accident,

resulting in injury and even death. It also has a

significant impact on other aspects of job

performance, including productivity, task

management, and meeting goals. Sleep deprivation

leads to cognitive impairment. It degrades cognitive

processing, affecting everything from memory to

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reflexes. With less sleep, your reaction time slows. excessive sleepiness can lead to consequential

This means we make decisions less quickly and errors and accidents that gravely impact the

accurately. You are also more likely to misjudge workplace.

our abilities and take unwise risks. As a result,

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Conceptual Framework 2. What are the effects of sleep deprivation among

This study determined the effects of sleep Nurses, along with the

deprivation among Nurses of Northern Luzon a. Medication Errors;

Adventist Hospital. Part I deals with the b. Documentation Issues;

demographic profile of the nurses in terms of their c. Attitude towards handling patient care and

age, gender, civil status, highest educational relationship with

attainment, position, and number of years in service. Colleagues;

Part II focused on the effects of sleep deprivation d.Unable to identify patient correctly;

among nurses along with the medication errors, e.Equipment related injuries;

documentation Issues, perspective towards handling 3. What are the strategies adopted by the Nurses to

patient care, relationship with colleagues, unable to overcome sleep deprivation?

identify patients correct, equipment-related injuries, 4. Is there a significant difference between the effects

and health-related diseases. Part III deals with the of sleep deprivation among nurses across their

strategies adopted by the nurses to overcome sleep profile variables?

deprivation, thus performing their duties and 5. Is there a significant relationship between the

responsibilities safely and effectively while on task effects of sleep deprivation among nurses across

Statement of the Problem their profile variables?

6. Based on the study, what are the proposed plans that

This study determined the effects of sleep can be formulated to minimize sleep deprivation

deprivation among Nurses at Northern Luzon among nurses?

Adventist Hospital in Artacho Sison Pangasinan. Hypotheses

It specifically aimed to answer the following The following hypothesis was tested in their

questions: null form at a 0.05 level of significance;

1. What is the profile of the respondents in terms of 1. There is no significant difference between the

their effects of sleep deprivation among nurses across

a. Age; their profile variables.

b. Gender; 2. There is no significant relationship between the

c. Civil Status; effects of sleep deprivation among nurses across

d. Highest Educational Attainment; their profile variables.

e. Area of Assignment; METHODOLOGY

f.Position, and Research Design

g.Number of years in service;

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Quantitative methods emphasize objective items significant to the present study as sources

measurements and the statistical, mathematical, in the formulation of the questionnaire.

or numerical analysis of data collected through The study utilized the questionnaire as the

questionnaires, surveys, or by manipulating pre- primary tool in data gathering. Part I deals with

existing statistical data using computational the demographic profile of the respondents in

techniques. Quantitative research focuses on terms of their age, gender, civil status, highest

gathering numerical data, generalizing it across educational attainment, area of assignment,

the group, and explaining a particular position, and several years in service. Part II

phenomenon. dealt with the effects of sleep deprivation among

Population and Locale of the study nurses. Part III tackled the strategies adopted by

The respondents included the Nurse the Nurses to overcome sleep deprivation.

Supervisors, Head Nurses, and Staff nurses of Treatment of Data

Northern Luzon Adventist Hospital at Sison Different statistical tools were used in the

Pangasinan. Total enumerations was utilized, study:

and the respondents were composed of 50 Part I on the profile of the respondent’s

nurses. frequency and percentage are used.

Data Gathering Instrument f

Formula P = (100%)
n
P = Percentage
Before data gathering, the researcher prepared a
f = Number of respondents
letter of approval addressed to the Chief of the
n = Total number of respondents
Hospital thru the Chief Nurse to administer the
Part II and Part III deals with the effects of sleep
questionnaires. Likewise, the researcher has
deprivation and strategies adopted by the
personally retrieved the same questionnaires
respondents to minimize the impact of sleep
immediately after that. The responses were
deprivation. The weighted mean is used.
tallied and computed using appropriate
∑ WM
statistical treatment interpreted and analyzed Formula AWM =
c
accordingly.
Where: WM = weighted mean of each
The questionnaires were based on the
category
researcher’s readings of professional books,
AWM= average weighted mean for each
journals, unpublished research, and dissertations
area
related to the study. The researcher gathered
f = number of respondents per bracket

n = total number of respondents

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x = point value per of the respondents were bachelor’s degree holders

classification. with a frequency of 31 or 55 percent, followed by

those with master units with a frequency of 16 or

RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
26.8 percent. It showed that most respondents did

This chapter presents the findings of the study and not pursue a higher degree of learning after their
discussions of results.
baccalaureate degree. Following Rosseter (2019),

Respondent’s Profile nearly all of the nurses were bachelor’s degree

Table 1 presents the respondents’ profile variables. holders; incentives are offered to those nurses that

Age. As shown from the table, most of the will pursue their studies to advance their education

respondents were in the age bracket of 26-30 with a to a higher degree.

frequency of 21 or 37 percent, followed by those Table 1

Distribution of the Respondents in terms of their Profile
31-35 years old with a frequency of 13 or 23.2 Variables
n=56
percent. It showed that most of the respondents (a)

were young and in service for a few years at Profile Variables Frequenc Percentage
y
Northern Luzon Adventist Hospital in Cauringan
Age (in years)
Sison, Pangasinan. 21 – 25 5 8.9
26 – 30 21 37.5
Gender. The majority of the respondents were 31 – 35 13 23.2
36 – 40 5 8.9
female with a frequency of 40 or 71.4 percent 41 – 45 4 7.1
46 and above 8 14.3
compared to the males, composed of 16 or 28
Gender
percent. It connotes that the respondents are female- Male 16 28.6
Female 40 71.4
dominated. Moreover, respondents consisted of 50
Civil Status
Nurses. The finding is a reflection that the majority Single 22 39.3
Married 30 53.6
of the nurses were female. Separated 4 7.1

Civil status. It can be glean that most of the Educational Attainment

Bachelor’s Degree 31 55.4
respondents were married with a frequency of 30 or With Master’s Units 15 26.8
Master’s Degree Holder 9 16.1
53 percent while those single had a frequency of 22 With Doctorate Units 1 1.8

or 39 percent. It means that most of the respondents Area of Assignment

Emergency Room 19 33.9
have their own families. According to Deng, Liu, Triage Room 6 10.7
OPD 5 8.9
and Fang (2020) majority of the nurses are married General Ward 21 37.5
Operating Room 3 5.4
and working rotating shifts. Delivery Room 2 3.6

Educational attainment. It showed that most Position

Staff Nurse 50 89.3
Head Nurse 3 5.4
Nurse Supervisor 3 5.4
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Profile Variables Frequenc Percentage among nurses along medication administration got an overall
y
weighted mean of 1.79 or slightly affects. It implies that
(b)
Number of Years in Service sleep deprivation slightly affects the role of nurses in
Less than 1 1 1.8
1–5 28 50.0 medication administration.
6 – 10 15 26.8
11 – 15 9 16.1 The problem also coincides with the results revealed in
16 and above 3 5.4
the studies of National Center for Biotechnology Information

(NCBI) Maryland (2019), Bio Energy Medical Center

The number of years in service. Most of the
(2019), Patient Safety Network (PSNET) (2019), University
nurses were in the nursing service for 1-5 years with a
Hospital (2019), Mantell (2020), and Sleep Foundation
frequency of 28 or 50 percent, followed by those with 6-10
(2021) that sleep deprivation among night shift nurses most
years in service with a frequency of 15 or 26.8 percent, 11-
especially demonstrated a decline in cognitive function
15 years with a frequency of 9 or 16.1 percent and 16 years
contributing to more issues and problems among Nurses
and above with a frequency of 9 or 16.1 percent. According
medical professionals duties and responsibilities. Moreover,
to Matsukaro (2019), Nurses just spent a few years working
memory is significantly affected, particularly sensitive to
locally due to numerous job offers overseas with competitive
sleep deprivation, causes deficiencies in reasoning that result
salaries, can support their family financially, provide a better
from seeking premature conclusions without considering all
future and career opportunities.
aspects of a problem, and finally affects job capabilities,
Effects of Sleep Deprivation among Nurses along
including productivity, task management, and meeting goals.
with Medication Errors
Table 2
Table 2 presents the effects of sleep deprivation
Descriptiv
among nurses and medication errors. Weighted
Indicators e
Mean
Equivalent
As gleaned from the table, 8 of the indicators 1, The nurse……
Slightly
2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 9 and 10 were rated slightly affects 1. administered incorrect 1.57
Affects
medication.
however the highest among this indicator are numbers Slightly
2. give an incorrect dose. 1.8
Affects
5 and 6” administered medication at the wrong time” 3.administered the Slightly
1.5
incorrect route of a drug. Affects
and “administered medication at the wrong interval”.
4. incorrect medication to
1.48 Not Affects
the wrong patient.
The lowest among the indicators are item numbers 4
5.administered
Slightly
and 8” incorrect medication to the wrong patient” and medication at the wrong 2.34
Affects
time.
“did not follow the physician's medication order” with 6. administered
Slightly
medication at the wrong 2.27
Affects
interval.
a weighted mean of 1.41 and 1.48 or not affects. It
7. forgot to check the
Slightly
reflects that the nurses are so careful in the giving of correct patient's allergy before 1.95
Affects
administration.
medications and overall, on the effects of sleep deprivation 8. did not follow the 1.41 Not Affects
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physician's medication The result of the study was consistent with the
order.
reflection from National Center for Biotechnology
9. inaccurately transcribes Slightly
1.98
the medication ordered. Affects Information (NCBI), Maryland (2019), and Myers (2019),
10.did not do the proper
Slightly who mentioned that sleep deprivation impairs the
preparation before 1.61
Affects
administration.
performance of tasks that require intensive and prolonged
Average Weighted Slightly
1.79
Mean Affects attention. Additionally, nurses are sleeping less than the

Legend : recommended hours before work, which may impact their

Statistical Transmute Descriptive job performance and shows that shift work takes a toll on
Range d Rating Equivalent
4.50 Always Highly circadian rhythm. Moreover, 12-hour shifts are standard and
5.00 Affects
3.50 – Often Affects often result in unexpected overtime to finish patient care
4.49
2.50 – Sometimes Moderately tasks or charting.
3.49 Affects
1.50 – Seldom Slightly Table 3
2.49 Affects Effects of Sleep Deprivation Among Nurses Along
1.00 – Never Not Affects Documentation Issues
1.49 n=56

Effects of Sleep Deprivation among Nurses and Weighted Descriptive

Indicators
Mean Equivalent
Documentation Issues
1. The nurse fails to
recall placing the date Slightly
2.16
and time in the nurse's Affects
Table 3 presents the effects of sleep deprivation notes.
2. The nurse's
among nurses and documentation issues. Moderately
handwriting is sloppy or 3.21
Affects
illegible.
3. The nurse fails to
Slightly
sign documentation 2.39
Affects
As gleaned from the table, the highest indicators were
entries.
4. The nurse did not
rated slightly affects and highest item include number 2” The document omitted Slightly
1.91
medications or Affects
nurse's handwriting is sloppy or illegible” with a weighted treatment.
mean of 3.21 or moderately affects. It showed that the sleep 5. The nurse intentional
Slightly
leave blanks on the 2.09
deprivation affects penmanship to be illegible and hard to Affects
forms of the patient's file
read. 6. The nurse uses
Slightly
inappropriate 1.7
Affects
Moreover, the lowest among the indicators is item number abbreviations.
7. The nurse adds
9” The nurse accepts unclear orders without verifying the Slightly
multiple addendum out 2.32
Affects
Doctor” with a weighted mean of 1.34 or not affects. It of their shift.
8. The nurse enters
showed that the doctor’s order has no effect on the sleep Slightly
information into the 1.63
Affects
deprivation of the nurses along documentation issues.
wrong patient chart.

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9. The nurse accepts mean of 1.34 or not affects. It showed that the
Not
unclear orders without 1.34
Affects doctor’s order has no effect on the sleep
verifying the Doctor.
10. The nurse fails to deprivation of the nurses along documentation
update documentation Slightly
1.84
regarding a patient Affects issues.
current health condition.
Average Weighted Slightly The result of the study was consistent with
2.06
Mean Affects
the reflection from National Center for

Legend: Biotechnology Information (NCBI), Maryland

Transmuted Descriptive
Statistical Range
Rating Equivalent (2019), and Myers (2019), who mentioned that
4.50 – 5.00 Always Highly Affects
3.50 – 4.49 Often Affects sleep deprivation impairs the performance of tasks
2.50 – 3.49 Sometimes Moderately Affects
1.50 – 2.49 Seldom Slightly Affects that require intensive and prolonged attention.
1.00 – 1.49 Never Not Affects
Additionally, nurses are sleeping less than the

Effects of Sleep Deprivation among Nurses and recommended hours before work, which may
Documentation Issues
impact their job performance and shows that shift

Table 3 presents the effects of sleep work takes a toll on circadian rhythm. Moreover,

deprivation among nurses and documentation 12-hour shifts are standard and often result in

issues. unexpected overtime to finish patient care tasks or

charting.

As gleaned from the table, the highest indicators Effects of Sleep Deprivation among Nurses
along with Attitude Towards Handling Patient
were rated slightly affects and highest item include Care and Relationship with Colleagues

number 2” The nurse's handwriting is sloppy or

Table 4 presents the effects of sleep deprivation
illegible” with a weighted mean of 3.21 or
among nurses, attitude towards handling patient
moderately affects. It showed that the sleep
care, and relationship with colleagues.
deprivation affects penmanship to be illegible and

hard to read. Table 4

Moreover, the lowest among the indicators is Effects of Sleep Deprivation Among Nurses
Along Attitude Towards Handling Patient Care
item number 9” The nurse accepts unclear orders and Relationship with Colleagues

without verifying the Doctor” with a weighted n=56

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Moderately
2.50 – 3.49 Sometimes
Affects
Weighted Descriptive 1.50 – 2.49 Seldom Slightly Affects
Indicators
Mean Equivalent 1.00 – 1.49 Never Not Affects
1. The nurse treats the
Slightly
patient disrespectfully 2.04
Affects It can be gleaned from the table that all the
and presumptuously.
2. The nurse is uncivil indicators were rated slightly affects however the
Slightly
and discourteous to a 1.93
Affects
primary caregiver. highest are item numbers 5 and 10” The nurse
3. The nurse shows a
Slightly speedily renders nursing intervention without
disagreeable attitude to 2.04
Affects
family members.
tender loving care” and “The nurse skips important
4. The nurse is
Slightly
impatient in providing 1.93
Affects unit meetings as required according to hospital
health teaching.
5. The nurse speedily policy” with a weighted mean of 2.05 and 2.43.
renders nursing Slightly
2.05
intervention without Affects The lowest among the indicators is item number
tender loving care.
6. The nurse 8” The nurse is involved in incident reports
inconsiderately Slightly
1.93 relating to attitude” with a weighted mean of 1.73
performs nursing Affects
intervention.
or slightly affects.
7. The nurse is
unpleasant and impolite Slightly Overall effects of sleep deprivation and attitude
1.86
to colleagues Affects
throughout the shift. towards handling patient care and relationship with
8. The nurse is
involved in incident Slightly colleagues got an overall weighted mean of 1.98 or
1.73
reports relating to Affects
attitude. slightly affected. It showed that sleep deprivation
9. The nurse is not
attending patient's calls Slightly had a little bearing on their attitude toward
1.86
or as needed to provide Affects
the care required. inpatient care and relationship with their

10. The nurse skips colleagues.

important unit meetings Slightly
2.43
as required according Affects The findings also were correlated to the
to hospital policy.
Average Weighted Slightly results revealed in the study of the National Center
1.98
Mean Affects
for Biotechnology Information (2019) conducted a

Legend:
global study that includes the Philippines about the
Transmute Descriptive
Statistical Range impact of sleep deprivation on an adolescent’s
d Rating Equivalent
4.50 – 5.00 Always Highly Affects
3.50 – 4.49 Often Affects
mood and behavior. Insufficient sleep can

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contribute to aberrant behavior may show 6. The nurse wrote the

wrong information in the
deficiencies in reasoning that result from seeking Slightly
identification bracelet 1.52
Affects
during admission and
premature conclusions without considering all when it’s unreadable.

aspects of a problem, irritability, moodiness, and 7. The nurse lost the

patient's identification Slightly
1.73
bracelet when giving Affects
poor frustration tolerance may also manifest.
patient care.
Effects of Sleep Deprivation among Nurses 8. The nurse rendered
Slightly
Along Unable to intervention to the wrong 1.54
Affects
Identify Patient Properly patient.
9. The nurse
discharged infants to the 1.27 Not Affects
Table 5 presents the effects of sleep deprivation wrong family.

among nurses along unable to identify patients 10. The nurse mischarges
Slightly
supplies and procedures 2.2
Affects
correctly. to the wrong patient.

Table 5 Average Weighted Slightly

1.72
Mean Affects
Effects of Sleep Deprivation Among Nurses
Along Unable to
Identify Patient Properly Legend:
Statistical Transmute Descriptive
Range d Rating Equivalent
Descriptiv 4.50 – 5.00 Always Highly Affects
Weighted
Indicators e 3.50 – 4.49 Often Affects
Mean
Equivalent Moderately
2.50 – 3.49 Sometimes
Affects
1.50 – 2.49 Seldom Slightly Affects
1. The nurse enters the
wrong patient's room in Slightly 1.00 – 1.49 Never Not Affects
2.14
providing nursing Affects
intervention.
It can be gleaned from the table that
2. The nurse fails to
ask the patient’s name Slightly
before rendering patient
2
Affects
the highest indicators are item numbers 1 and
care.
10” The nurse enters the wrong patient's room
3. The nurse unable to
check patient hospital Slightly in providing nursing intervention.” and “The
1.75
number correctly before Affects
giving patient care nurse mischarges supplies and procedures to
4. The nurse placed the
wrong patient's name at Slightly the wrong patient” with a weighted mean of
1.59
the patient's door tag Affects
upon admission. 2.14 and 2.20 or slightly affects.
5. The nurse applied
The lowest indicators are item numbers 9
the wrong identification 1.45 Not Affects
bracelet.
and 5” The nurse discharged infants to the

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wrong family” and” The nurse applied the

Effects of Sleep Deprivation Among
wrong identification bracelet” with a weighted Nurses Along Equipment-Related Injury

mean of 1.45 and 1.27, n=56

Overall, on the effects of sleep deprivation

Weighted Descriptive
Indicators
along unable to identify patient properly got Mean Equivalent
1. The nurse had a
an overall weighted mean of 1.72 or slightly needle stick injury
Slightly
when administering 2.13
affects. It showed that sleep deprivation has a Affects
parenteral
injections.
little effect in identifying patient properly 2. The nurse slips,
trips, and had a fall Slightly
among the nurses. 2
accident while at Affects
work.
The finding also was paralleled with the 3. The nurse
accidentally breaks
results revealed on the studies of Bio Energy medication jars, Slightly
2.23
vials, or ampules Affects
Medical Center (2019), Patient Safety while preparing
medications.
Network (PSNET) (2019), University Hospital 4. The nurse
accidentally drops
(2019), Mantell (2020), and Sleep Foundation portable hospital Slightly
2.16
equipment on their Affects
(2021) that sleep deprivation among night way to the patient's
room.
shift nurses most especially demonstrated a 5. The Nurse
experiences muscle
decline in cognitive function contributing to strains and sprains
Moderately
in using improperly 3.11
more issues and problems among Nurses Affects
functioning
equipment in the
medical professionals’ duties and hospital
6. The nurse was
responsibilities. exposed to
radiation during Slightly
1.98
radiological Affects
diagnostics of the
Effects of Sleep Deprivation among Nurses patient.
along with equipment-related Injury 7. The nurse is
vulnerable to Moderately
3.04
chemical hazards Affects
Table 6 presents the effects of sleep during disinfection.
8. The nurse is at
deprivation among nurses and equipment-
risk of latex allergy
3.68 Affects
due to frequent
related injury.
exposure.
Table 6 9. The nurse
3.54 Affects
experience eye
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strain due to the workplace accident, which can result in injury

constant use of a
computer monitor even death. Furthermore, with less sleep, our
during
documentation. reaction time slows. It means nurses make
Average Weighted Moderately
2.65 decisions less quickly and accurately and are
Mean Affects

likely to misjudge thus can lead to

Legend:
Transmute Descriptive consequential injuries that gravely impact the
Statistical Range
d Rating Rating
4.50 – 5.00 Always Highly Affects workplace.
3.50 – 4.49 Often Affects
2.50 – 3.49 Sometimes
Moderately Effects of Sleep Deprivation among Nurses
Affects and health-Related Diseases
1.50 – 2.49 Seldom Slightly Affects
1.00 – 1.49 Never Not Affects Table 7 presents the effects of sleep

The lowest indicators are item numbers 2 and deprivation among nurses along with health-

6” The nurse slips, trips, and had a fall related diseases.

accident while at work” and “the nurse was It can be gleaned from the table that the

exposed to radiation during radiological highest among the indicators is item number

diagnostics of the patient“ with a weighted 4” The nurse experiences frequent urination,

mean of 1.98 and 2.00 or slightly affects. excessive thirst and extreme hunger” with a

Overall on the effects of sleep deprivation weighted mean of 2.57 or moderately affects.

along equipment-related injury got an average It showed that the nurses experienced health

weighted mean of 2.65 or moderately affects. related diseases due to sleep deprivation.

It showed that the nurses experienced

equipment related injury. Table 7

Effects of Sleep Deprivation Among
The findings also correspond with the Nurses Along Health-Related Diseases
n=56
results revealed in the study of Sleep

Foundation (2021) published an article

correlating excessive sleepiness and

workplace accident affects our reflexes that

can significantly increase the likelihood of a

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Weighted Descriptive or weakness of the

Indicators
Mean Equivalent body, confusion,
1. The nurse trouble speaking, or
experiences difficulty and
Moderately understanding
daytime sleepiness 2.88
Affects speech.
and memory
problems. 10. The nurse
2. The nurse experiences
experiences reduced exercise
Slightly
bloating and an tolerance, lethargy, 2.23
Slightly Affects
increase in the size 2.27 fatigue, nocturnal
Affects cough, wheeze.
of the pelvic area
and abdomen with and ankle swelling
pain Average Weighted Slightly
2.2
3. The nurse Mean Affects
experiences
changes in Legend:
Slightly
elimination habits 2.3 Statistical Transmute Descriptive
Affects Range d Rating Equivalent
and persistent
persistent 4.50 – 5.00 Always Highly Affects
abdominal pain 3.50 – 4.49 Often Affects
4. The nurse 2.50 – 3.49 Sometimes
Moderately
experiences Affects
frequent urination, Moderately 1.50 – 2.49 Seldom Slightly Affects
2.57 1.00 – 1.49 Never Not Affects
excessive thirst Affects
and extreme
hunger The lowest indicators are item numbers 5 and
5. The nurse
shows blood in the 7” The nurse shows blood in the urine, nose
urine, nose Slightly
1.73 bleeding, headache, and vision problems” and
bleeding, Affects
headache, and
vision problems. “The nurse experiences a sudden change in
6. The nurse
experiences chest weight” with a weighted mean of 1.73 and
pain, chest
Slightly 1.70 or slightly affects.
tightness, chest 1.8
Affects
pressure, and chest
discomfort Overall on the effects of sleep deprivation
(angina).
7. The nurse along health related diseases got and
experiences a Slightly
1.7 average weighted mean of 2.20 or slightly
sudden change in Affects
weight
affects. It showed that the nurses experienced
8. The nurse
experiences easy
some health related diseases due to sleep
fatigability, Slightly
2.21
lightheadedness, Affects
deprivation.
and shortness of
breath
The result is in support of what was
9. The nurse
Slightly
experiences 2.13 cited by Milutinovic (2016), Sleep foundation
Affects
sudden numbness
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(2021), and BioEnergy Medical Center (2019) Unable to Identify Slightly

1.72
patient Properly Affects
that sleep deprivation during the night forces Moderat
Equipment-Related
2.65 ely
sleeping to occur during the daytime and Injury
Affects
Health-Related Slightly
interferes with the normal progression of 2.2
Diseases affects
Overall Weighted Slightly
sleep-wake cycle. Several studies associate 2.07
Mean Affects
working during the night shift and, or working
Legend:
prolonged periods with health and sleep Transmuted Descriptive
Statistical Range
Rating Equivalent
problems. Nurses who sleep poorly are at 4.50 – 5.00 Always Highly Affects
3.50 – 4.49 Often Affects
higher risk for high blood pressure, stroke, Moderately
2.50 – 3.49 Sometimes
Affects
heart disease, and obesity. Too long or 1.50 – 2.49 Seldom Slightly Affects
1.00 – 1.49 Never Not Affects
repeated shifts reduce the opportunity for
It can be gleaned from the table on the
sleep; shorten recovery time in nurses, thus
categories on the effects of sleep deprivation
endangering their safety and health.
among nurses, the highest category that have

Effects of Sleep Deprivation among Nurses an effect on sleep deprivation is equipment

Table 8 presents the effects of sleep related diseases with a weighted mean of

deprivation among nurses. 2.65 or moderately affects. It showed that this

Table 8 category has more effect on the nurses due to

Effects of Sleep Deprivation Among sleep deprivation.

Nurses
n=56

Descrip
Weight
tive
Categories ed
Equival
Mean
ent
Slightly
Medication Errors 1.79
Affects
Slightly
Documentation Issues 2.06
Affects
Attitude Towards Moreover, 5 of the categories- medication
Handling Patient Care Slightly
1.98 errors, documentation issues, attitude towards
and Relationship with Affects
Colleagues
handling patient care and relationship with

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colleagues, unable to identify patient properly falling asleep” with a weighted mean of 4.45,

and health-related diseases got a weighted 4.00, 3.71, 4.20, 3.80, 4.45 and 3.75. It

mean of 1.79, 2.06, 1.98, 1.72 and 2.20 or showed that the nurses utilized the mentioned

slightly affects. It showed that the nurses had strategies to overcome their sleep deprivation.

only some effects on the mentioned The findings also coincide with the

categories due to sleep deprivation in study results of Larson and Dautovich (2021)

congruence with the study of the National that for better cognitive functioning, mood,

Center for Biotechnology Information (2019), and productivity to reduced risk for multiple

which includes the Philippines about the health conditions, including decreased

impact of sleep deprivation on an mortality rates, the effects of prioritizing sleep

adolescent’s mood and attitude. will positively impact most areas of Nurses

life. Adopting strategies such as a warm bath

Strategies Utilized by the Nurses to
Overcome Sleep Deprivation and a welcoming environment to encourage

sleep would greatly help rest and sleep.

Table 9 presents the strategies utilized by
Table 9
the nurses to overcome sleep deprivation. Strategies Utilized by the Nurses to
Overcome Sleep Deprivation
It can be gleaned from the table that the n=56

highest items are numbers 2, 6, 7, 8, 10, 11 Indicators

Weighted Descriptive
Mean Equivalent
and 14 “ the nurse took a shower before 1. The nurse took
medications such as Slightly
1.88
sleeping”, “the nurse darken the room with anxiolytics, sleeping Utilized
pills, etc.
good ventilation and invested in a high-quality 2. The nurse took a
shower before 4.45 Utilized
mattress”, “the nurse eats a balanced and sleeping.
3. The nurse reads a Moderately
2.57
healthy diet”, “the nurse takes vitamins and book. Utilized
4. The nurse listens Moderately
3.3
other food supplements”, “ the nurse pamper to music. Utilized
5. The nurse applies
Moderately
time by going out with friends.”,” the nurse and smells soothing 2.63
Utilized
ointment.
focuses on self-encouragement and a positive 6. The nurse makes
room for better
mindset” and “The nurse uses the gadget until sleeping (darken the 4 Utilized
room with good
ventilation and
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 International Journal of Advanced Research and Publications
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invested in a high- 1.50 – 2.49 Seldom Slightly Utilized

quality 1.00 – 1.49 Never Utilized
mat4.45,tress).
7. The nurse eats a
balanced and healthy 3.71 Utilized
diet.
Moreover, nurses moderately utilized item
8. The nurse takes
numbers 3, 4, 5, 9, 12, 13, 15 and 18” The
vitamins and other 4.2 Utilized
food supplements.
nurse reads a book”, “The nurse listens to
9. The nurse takes
Moderately
leisure time during 3.3
Utilized music”, “The nurse applies and smells
day off.
10. The nurse soothing ointment”, “The nurse takes leisure
pamper time by going 3.8 Utilized
out with friends.
time during day off “, “The nurse performs
11. The nurse
focuses on self-
4.45 Utilized yoga, meditation, exercise”, “The nurse stops
encouragement and
a positive mindset .
using gadgets an hour before sleeping”, “The
12. The nurse
Moderately
performs yoga, 2.79
Utilized nurse avoids eating few hours before
meditation, exercise.
13. The nurse stops sleeping”, and “The nurse drinks warm milk
Moderately
using gadgets an 3.29
Utilized
hour before sleeping.
before sleeping” with a weighted mean of
14. The nurse uses
the gadget until 3.75 Utilized
falling asleep. 2.57, 3.30, 2.63, 2.79, 3.29, 3.00 and 2.80 or
15. The nurse avoids
eating few hours 3
Moderately moderately utilized.
Utilized
before sleeping.
The lowest items slightly utilized by the
16. The nurse avoids
caffeine, nicotine,
Slightly nurses are numbers 1, 16 and 17 “The nurse
and alcoholic 2.43
Utilized
beverages before
sleeping. took medications such as anxiolytics, sleeping
17. The nurse
engages in a sexual pills, etc”, “The nurse avoids caffeine,
Slightly
relationship with a 2.02
Utilized
partner before nicotine, and alcoholic beverages before
sleeping.
18. The nurse drinks sleeping” and “The nurse engages in a sexual
Moderately
warm milk before 2.8
Utilized
sleeping. relationship with a partner before sleeping”
Average Weighted Moderately
3.24
Mean Utilized with a weighted mean of 1.88, 2.02 and 2.43.

Legend: Overall, on the strategies utilized by the

Transmute Descriptive
Statistical Range
d Rating Equivalent nurses to overcome sleep deprivation got an
4.50 – 5.00 Always Highly Utilized
3.50 – 4.49 Often Utilized average weighted mean of 3.24 or moderately
Moderately
2.50 – 3.49 Sometimes
Utilized

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utilized. It revealed that the nurses utilized the

strategies to overcome sleep deprivation.

ANOVA Results on the Difference in the

Effects of Sleep Deprivation among Nurses
across Age

Table 10 presents the difference in the

effects of sleep deprivation among nurses

when grouped according to age.

Table 10

ANOVA Results on the Difference in the

Effects of Sleep Deprivation Among
Nurses Across Age

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