Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources Regional Office III

Table of Contents
Page No.

Title Page
Table of Contents
List of Tables

Introduction 1
- Municipal Profile 1

PCRA Process 3
- Methodology 3
• Interview 3
• Transect Walk 3
• Community Resources Mapping 4
• Habitat Assessment
- Mangrove 5
- Seagrass Beds 7
- Coral Reefs 8
- Fish Visual 9
- Beach Forest 9

Results and Discussion 12

- Socio-Economic Interview 12
• Education 14
• Religion 14
• Housing 16
• Community Resources 16
• Livelihood 18
• Fishing Activities 23
• Solid Waste Management 24
• People’s Organizations 24
• External Supporting Agencies 26
• Costal Resource Management 26
• Law Enforcement 28
• Issues and Concerns 29
 Page No.

- Habitat Assessment 31
• Coral Reefs 31
• Fish Visual 34
• Seagrass Beds 37
• Mangroves 38

Summary/Conclusion 39
 List of Tables
Page No.

Table 1 - Habitat criteria rating chart for seagrass 8

Table 2 - Habitat criteria rating chart for coral reefs 8

Table 3 - Pictograph of fish abundance 9

Table 4 - Population, Households, Average Family Size and Number 12

of Children of the Coastal Barangays of Masinloc, Zambales

Table 5 - Households with toilets and sources of potable water for 13

Coastal Barangays of Masinloc, Zambales

Table 6 - List of Physical Infrastructures in Coastal Barangays of 17

Masinloc, Zambales

Table 7 - List of Natural Resources Present in Coastal 18

Barangays of Masinloc, Zambales

Table 8 - Average individual income per day of the working class of the 20
Coastal Barangays of Masinloc, Zambales

Table 9 - Number of fishermen, motorized and non-motorized 20

boats of the Coastal Barangays of Masinloc, Zambales

Table 10 - Skills Inventory and Past and Present Livelihood in 21

Masinloc, Zambales

Table 11 - People’s organizations of the Coastal Barangays of 24

Masinloc, Zambales

Table 12 – Issues and Concerns, by Barangay 29

Table 13 - Summary of the Coral Reef Assessment of the Barangays 32

of Masinloc, Zambales

Table 14 - Fish Species Observed in Masinloc, Zambales 34

Table 15 - Summary of Seagrass Species Observed in Masinloc, Zambales 36

Table 17 - Summary of Computed Parameters Per Assessed Barangay 37
 MUNICIPALITY OF MASINLOC, ZAMBALES

I. INTRODUCTION

A. Municipal Profile

Brief Histo ry
Masinloc was founded as a native settlement on the southern bank of the river across
from the island that became known as San Salvador. Visited by Spanish explorer Juan de Salcedo
in 1572, Masinloc was named after a Bolinao-Zambal phrase “Babali nin Masin Ilog,” which
means “the town where there is a river”. Masinloc was organized as a town and first capital of
Zambales in 1607 and originally included the present municipalities of Palauig and Candelaria.
During World War II, Masinloc was occupied by Japanese soldiers who forced all civilians to live
in the town proper.

Geographi c Location
The municipality of Masinloc is located in the northern part of Zambales and lies on a
coastal plain between the Zambales mountains to the east, and the South China Sea to the west.
Masinloc is bounded on the north by the municipality of Candelaria, also of Zambales province;
on the east by Mount Masinloc; on the south by the Municipalities Palauig and Iba; and on the
west by Oyon Bay and Masinloc Bay.

Masinloc lies between 119’52” to 119”58E longitude and 15”28”32” to 15”34”47”N

latitude. It has a total land area of 30,600 hectares and a total coastal length of 42.2 kilometers.
The municipality includes the island-barangay of San Salvador, located about 2.5 km away from
the mainland. The total coastline length is about 42.2 km (27.7 km on the mainland part of the
municipality, 4.8 km in northern Panglit and 9.7 km in San Salvador Island.)

1 PCRA Reports of the Municipality of Masinloc, Zambales

 Figure 1. Map Showing the location of the Municipality of Masinloc,Zambales

2 PCRA Reports of the Municipality of Masinloc, Zambales

II. PARTICIPATORY COASTAL RESOURCE ASSESSMENT PROCESS

Participatory Coastal Resource Assessment (PCRA) is a process of gathering and

analyzing information involving the participation of local resource users in CRM planning and
implementation. PCRA focuses on the resource assessment from the perspective of the coastal
resource users and integrates wisdom and knowledge with technical and academic expertise in
CRM (Deguit et al., 2004).

A. Methodology

1. Interview
Interviewing is a method of gathering secondary data or information by asking questions.
The two parties involved in the interview process are the interviewers and the respondents. In
this process, a focus group discussion was conducted. The respondents were gathered and were
asked by the interviewers with questions coming from the questionnaire. Most of the questions
asked dealt with knowledge, attitudes and perceptions about the marine environment, perceived
status of the resources, assessment of trends in fish catch, perceived problems, concerns and
issues and proposed solutions to these problems which they raised. Socio-economic data like
occupation, income, housing condition and household composition were also being asked.

2. Transect Walk

A transect diagram is a method showing the profile of the assessed barangay or locality.
It is used because it generally includes the terrestrial part of the community extending out to the
coastal area. This method is done by drawing an imaginary cross-section line through a map of
the community. The participants followed the line of the map during the walk in order to observe
the various habitats, characteristics, uses, problems, and opportunities. Facilitators were also
advised to spent time with the community members in order to generate more information about
the area’s coastal zones and resources.

3 PCRA Reports of the Municipality of Masinloc, Zambales

 3. Community Resources Mapping
Maps are some of the most important tools in planning and implementing CRM projects.
Without maps, it would be difficult to understand the many variables essential in planning. With
maps, the extent and conditions of resources and habitats can be laid out and analyzed in a spatial
and visual and tangible manner. By laying the various zones, resources, infrastructures,
development activities, opportunities, threats and issues on the map, the community is able to
situate the condition of their coastal area in a visual and tangible manner.

Various information that can be mapped are as follows:

1. Boundaries
2. Roads
3. Settlements
4. Other infrastructures
5. Natural resources
6. Land Use
7. Zonation
8. Other special interests

As with PCRA activities, community mapping helps point out spatial details and new
information on features which conditions vary over space and which locations vary over time.
Maps are also important media, allowing more effective communication between and among
stakeholders involved in CRM.

The community people are the main actors in this activity. They are the ones who will
map out the various resources present in their locality as well as the problems and issues which
they want to address.

Source: ICRMP TOT on PCRA Manual

4 PCRA Reports of the Municipality of Masinloc, Zambales

 4. Habitat Assessment

a. Mangrove Transect

During actual habitat assessment, a reconnaissance of the mangrove area to be

assessed was conducted then a baseline was laid at the start of the mangrove area to be
assessed, where the starting point of all transect lines will emanate. At the starting point,
a transect line was measured perpendicular to the baseline (see illustration).

1 m x 1 m regeneration plots

10
m

10 m
Transect line

Quadrat 5

Regeneration
plots Quadrat 4

Quadrat 3

Quadrat 2

Quadrat 1

Strip Transect 1

Species of mangrove species inside the first 10 m. x 10 m. quadrat along the

transect line were identified, its height measured/estimated and two readings of its crown
diameter noted on a prepared field data sheet. Also noted were the number of seedlings
and saplings (regenerations) on a 1 m. x 1 m. quadrat in two corners and middle of the 10
m. x 10 m. quadrat. Series of 10m x 10m quadrats along the transect line were measured
5 PCRA Reports of the Municipality of Masinloc, Zambales
 until the transect line meets the open sea or end of mangrove area. After the first transect,
series of transect lines were measured perpendicular to the baseline on a 20-meter
transect interval, doing the same data collection and measurements, until at least five
percent of the estimated mangrove area were already covered/represented. All raw data
and measurements collected were then transcribed from the data sheet to a prepared
tabular form for data processing and evaluation. Data gathered were then processed into a
computer to derive the parameters in describing a mangrove area, with the following
formulas used in the analysis:

 Crown diameter (2 measures) - the average of the crown width at the widest point and a
second width measurement made 90o to the diameter at the widest point.
 Crown cover is calculated using the formula /4d 2 or 0.7854d2 (d as the total crown
diameter)
 To get the crown cover for each tree = 0.7854 x (average crown diameter)2

 To get percent crown cover : Total crown cover of all trees X 100
Total area sampled

 To get the average height = Total height of all trees recorded

Total number of trees recorded

 To get the regeneration per m2 = Total regeneration count

Total number of regeneration plots

6 PCRA Reports of the Municipality of Masinloc, Zambales

The derived parameters will then be analyzed based on the criteria and condition below:

CONDITION CRITERIA

76% and above in % Crown Cover

Excellent 1 Regeneration per m2
Above 5m in average tree height
Undisturbed to negligible disturbance
51% – 75% Crown Cover
Good <1 – 0.76 regeneration per m2
<5m – 3m average height of trees
Slight disturbance and few cuttings
26% – 50% Crown Cover
Fair 0.50 – 0.75 regeneration per m2
<3m – 2m average height of trees
Moderate disturbance and noticeable cuttings
0 – 25% Crown Cover
<0.50 regeneration per m2
Poor <2m average height of trees
Heavy disturbance/ cuttings/ pollution, rampant
conversion to other uses, nearly destroyed

b. Seagrass Transect

To determine the abundance and distribution of seagrass, a 50 meter transect line

was laid perpendicular to the shore with calibration at every 5 meters. A 1 x 1 meter
quadrant which was divided into 4 subsquares was also used for easy percentage cover
estimation. Each square is equivalent to 25% which total to 100%. Seagrass together with
other lifeforms, substrate types, organism, human and natural impacts were also noted.
Based on the cover estimation gathered, the condition of the seagrass habitat was
determined using the Habitat Criteria Rating Chart (Table 2).

7 PCRA Reports of the Municipality of Masinloc, Zambales

 Table 1. Habitat criteria rating chart for seagrass

Condition Criteria

Excellent 76-100% seagrass cover

Good 51-75% seagrass cover

Fair 26-50% seagrass cover

Poor 0-25% seagrass cover

Source: Participatory Coastal Resource Assessment Training Guide

c. Coral Reef Assessment

Three methods of assessment were used to determine the present status of all the
coral reef habitat of all the coastal barangays of Sta. Cruz. They were the Manta Tow
Method, Snorkel Method, and Point Intercept Method.

In the Manta Tow Method, it involves the snorkeler who observes an underwater
area of good visibility, while being pulled by a boat. It is the first and foremost
assessment being conducted by the diving team to initially determine the presence of
coral reef in the locality.

The Snorkel Method is executed by swimming over the transect line and counting
all corals inside the standard area of observation of the transect line which is within the
area of counting of the quadrat held by the observer.

The Line Intercept Method involves the counting of corals present in the area of
observation of the transect line with a 25 cm interval between 2 points.

Table 2. Habitat criteria rating chart for coral reefs

Condition Criteria
Excellent 76-100% hard coral cover
Good 51-75% hard coral cover
Fair 26-50% hard coral cover
Poor 0-25% hard coral cover
Source: Participatory Coastal Resource Assessment Training Guide

8 PCRA Reports of the Municipality of Masinloc, Zambales

 d. Fish Visual Census

The fish community was assessed by Fish Visual Census (FVC) method. The
FVC was done along the transect line used for the assessment of the coral vegetation.
Waiting time of 10-15 min. was allocated to allow the fishes to resume its normal
behavior. The observer will swim slowly along the transect counting the fishes observed
within the 5 m range in both sides and above the transect line. Major taxonomic group of
reef fishes was identified. Total length of fishes was estimated also to the nearest
centimeter. For each transect, this length will be the average for each major taxa. Fishes
were also identified according to the fish category which includes target species, non-
target species and indicator species. For easy representation of the average number of
fishes per category, a pictograph of fish abundance was shown in Table 4.

Table 3. Pictograph of fish abundance

Number of Fishes Pictograph
> 0-5

> 5-25

>25-125

>125-625

>625

Source: Participatory Coastal Resource Assessment Training Guide

e. Beach Forest Assessment

A thorough reconnaissance of the beach forest was carried out in order for the
team to evaluate the variability of vegetation, extent, distribution and complexity of the
area for assessment. Such intuitive view leads the team to a better decision on how the
location of the baseline should be laid out and the corresponding length which will be
required.

9 PCRA Reports of the Municipality of Masinloc, Zambales

 After conducting the reconnaissance and have reached decision on the location of
the baseline, a first transect perpendicular to the baseline was laid out. Series of quadrats
measuring 10m x 10m along the transect were established (see illustration).

1 m x 1 m regeneration plots

10
m

10 m
Transect line

Quadrat 5

Regeneration
plots Quadrat 4

Quadrat 3

Quadrat 2

Quadrat 1

Strip Transect 1

Beach forest species inside the first 10 m. x 10 m. quadrat along the transect line
were identified, its height measured/estimated and two readings of its crown diameter
were noted on a prepared field data sheet. Also noted were the number of seedlings and
saplings (regenerations) found inside the 1 m. x 1 m. quadrats which are established in
two corners and middle of each 10 m. x 10 m. quadrat. Series of 10m x 10m quadrats
along the transect line. After the first transect, series of transect lines were established
perpendicular to the baseline with a 20-meter transect interval, performing the same data
collection and measurements, until at least five percent of the estimated mangrove area
were covered/represented.

10 PCRA Reports of the Municipality of Masinloc, Zambales

 Collected data from the field were transcribed from the data sheet into a tabular
form. Data processing and analysis were performed for discussion in the report, using the
following the formulas:

 Crown diameter (2 measures) - the average of the crown width at the widest point and a
second width measurement made 90o to the diameter at the widest point.
2
 Crown cover is calculated using the formula/4d or 0.7854d2 (d as the total crown
diameter)
 To get the crown cover for each tree = 0.7854 x (average crown diameter)2

 To get percent crown cover : Total crown cover of all trees X 100
Total area sampled

 To get the average height = Total height of all trees recorded

Total number of trees recorded

 To get the regeneration per m2 = Total regeneration count

Total number of regeneration plots

The derived parameters will then be analyzed based on the criteria and condition below:

CONDITION CRITERIA
76% and above in % Crown Cover
1 Regeneration per m2
Excellent
Above 5m in average tree height
Undisturbed to negligible disturbance
51% – 75% Crown Cover
0.76 – <1 regeneration per m2
Good
3m – <5m average height of trees
Slight disturbance and few cuttings

11 PCRA Reports of the Municipality of Masinloc, Zambales

 26% – 50% Crown Cover
0.50 – 0.75 regeneration per m2
Fair
2m – <3m average height of trees
Moderate disturbance and noticeable cuttings
0 – 25% Crown Cover
<0.50 regeneration per m2
Poor <2m average height of trees
Heavy disturbance/ cuttings/ pollution, rampant
conversion to other uses, nearly destroyed

III. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

A. Socio-Economic Interview
During the ICRMP Participatory Coastal Resource Assessment (PCRA), the municipality
of Masinloc had eleven (11) coastal barangays assessed. During the Socio-Economic Interview,
Basic informations from each barangays were gathered to create a scenario of the present
situation of the barangays. The table below shows some basic information gathered from the 11
participating coastal barangays of the municipality of Masinloc:

Table 4. Population, Households, Average Family Size and Number of Children of the
Coastal Barangays of Masinloc, Zambales

Barangay Population No. of Average Average Size

(2007) Households number of of Family
Children
Baloganon 7,143 1,428 4-5 6-7
Bamban 2,163 432 7-9 9-11
Bani 3,401 (2008) 750 2-3 4-5
Collat 2,979 595 4 6
Inhobol 7,509 1,501 6 8
North Poblacion 2,099 420 6 8
San Lorenzo 5,650 1000 3-5 5-8
San Salvador Island 2,181 437 8 10
South Poblacion 3,817 708 4-6 6-8
Sto. Rosario 2,008 402 3 5
Taltal 5,632 436 4 6
12 PCRA Reports of the Municipality of Masinloc, Zambales
 Most of the families in the coastal Barangays practice family planning because they
undergo marriage counseling before their wedding. Increase in population has been attributed to
natural birth and migration from other provinces.

Other information gathered during the interview were relative percentage of the
community that have toilets, and source of potable water.

Table 5. Households with toilets and sources of potable water for Coastal Barangays of
Masinloc, Zambales

Barangay Households with toilet Source of Potable Water

Baloganon Almost all houses Jetmatic/Artesian Wells
(cleaning purposes)
Buy Purified Drinking Water
(town proper)
Bamban Almost all houses (brgy. Proper) Deep Well and Dug Well
70% (fishing community)
Bani Almost all houses Jetmatic/Artesian wells and
NAPOCOR
Collat All houses (Brgy. Proper) NAWASA and
5% (riverside) Jetmatic/Artesian wells
Inhobol All houses (brgy. Proper) Masinloc town proper
No toilets (fishing community)
North Poblacion All houses (Brgy. Proper) Pipe water (MWD)
10% (fishing community) Jetmatic/Artesian Wells
San Lorenzo All houses (mainland) Jetmatic/Artesian Wells
70% (Sitio Panglit) Dug Wells
San Salvador Island 50% Spring water; Dug well
Jetmatic/Artesian Wells
South Poblacion 75% (brgy. Proper) Pipe water (MWD)
75% (fishing village) Jetmatic/Artesian Wells
Sto. Rosario 95% Deep well and Spring Water
Taltal 50% have toilets Buy Drinking water in the
Sitio Togue (mostly no toilets Poblacion

13 PCRA Reports of the Municipality of Masinloc, Zambales

Education

Another basic information gathered were the educational attainment of the residents of
the coastal barangays. The parents are mostly elementary and high school graduates, although
some have reached college level. The children on the other hand have reached college level.
However, due to financial constraints some youth have stopped schooling and instead help their
parents in making a living.

Religion

There is a variety of religions in the municipality of Masinloc. The interviewers listed

these religions in each barangay as follows:

a. Barangay Baloganon

- Roman Catholic
- Iglesia Ni Cristo

b. Barangay Bamban
- Roman Catholic
- Iglesia ni Cristo
- Jehovah’s Witnesses
- Baptists

c. Barangay Bani
- Roman Catholic
- Iglesia ni Cristo
- Baptists
- Born Again Christians
- Protestants

14 PCRA Reports of the Municipality of Masinloc, Zambales

 d. Barangay Collat
- Roman Catholic
- Islam
- Iglesia ni Cristo
- Baptists
- Mormons

e. Barangay Inhobol
- Roman Catholic
- Baptist Christians
- Born Again Christians
- Iglesia ni Cristo
- Mormons

f. Barangay North Poblacion

- Roman Catholic
- Baptists
- Born Again Christians
- Iglesia ni Cristo

g. Barangay San Lorenzo

- Roman Catholic

h. Barangay San Salvador Island

- Roman Catholic
- Iglesia ni Cristo
- Baptists
- Jehovah’s Witnesses
- Dating Daan

15 PCRA Reports of the Municipality of Masinloc, Zambales

 i. Barangay South Poblacion
- Roman Catholic
- Iglesia ni Cristo
- Jehovah’s Witnesses
- Baptists
- Divine Crusader

j. Barangay Sto. Rosario

- Roman Catholic
- Baptist
- Igelsia ni Cristo

k. Barangay Taltal
- Roman Catholic

Housing

The materials for the construction of houses in the coastal barangays of Masinloc are GI
or cogon for roofing, concrete, buho or sawali for walls, glass or the traditional de-tukod as
windows, concrete, bamboo or earthen flooring.

Community Resources

a. Physical Infrastructures
The following is a table of the existing infrastructures of all the coastal barangays of
Masinloc:

16 PCRA Reports of the Municipality of Masinloc, Zambales

 Table 6. List of Physical Infrastructures in Coastal Barangays of Masinloc, Zambales
Barangay Brgy. Hall School Day Care Church Health Others
Center Center
Baloganon Present Elementary 2 primary Present Present Wharf;
(2) Schools Basketball
Court
Bamban Present Elementary Primary Catholic Present Brgy.
school Church; Park/Plaza/
Crusaders; Playground;
IEMLF BFAR-ROS;
port
Bani Present Present Present - Present Recreational
Facilities; Brgy.
Roads; Baywalk
Collat Present Elementary - Present Present MP Hall;
Feeder Roads
(5)
Inhobol Present Present Present - Present Recreational
facilties; Public
Market;
business
est.(63);
Cockpit arena;
Bureau of Fire
Protection.
North Present Elementary Present - Present Recreational
Poblacion Facilities;
Commercial
Est. (94)
San Lorenzo - Grade - Chapel Present Basketball
School Court
San Present Elementary; - Catholic Present Brgy. Roads;
Salvador High School Chapel; Water System/
Island Baptist Watertank(not
Chapel functional)
South Present High School Present Catholic Present Basketball
Poblacion Church; Court; Concrete
Bethany; Roads; Roman
Chapel of Catholic
Divine Cemetery; Fish
Crusader Port; Cold
Church; Storage of
Kingdom Western Luzon
Hall Deep Sea
Jehovah’s Fishing

17 PCRA Reports of the Municipality of Masinloc, Zambales

 Witnesses
Sto. Rosario Present Elementary Present - Present Feeder roads
Taltal Present Elementary; Present 1 church - Covered Court
High School

b. Natural Resources
The coastal barangays of Masinloc, Zambales is endowed with different natural resources
that are rated by the respondents during the actual PCRA activities. This table is generated using
the perception of the respondents before the actual habitat assessment was conducted. The
following are lists of natural resources of the barangays according to the respondents:

Table 7. List of Natural Resources Present in Coastal

Barangays of Masinloc, Zambales
Barangay Coral Sea Grass Tidal Beaches Mangroves Rivers Agricultural Uphill/mountains
Reef beds flats areas

Baloganon present present present present present

Bamban present present present present present present

Bani present present present present present

Collat - - - present present present

Inhobol present present present present present

North - - present present

Poblacion

San present present present present present present present

Lorenzo

San present present present present present present

Salvador
Island

South present present present present

Poblacion

Sto. present present present present present present

Rosario

Taltal - present present present present present

18 PCRA Reports of the Municipality of Masinloc, Zambales

Livelihood

The major sources of livelihood common in the coastal barangays are fishing, farming,
salt making, laborers for NAPOCOR and employees to government or private establishments.
Other livelihoods identified were seasonal labor as carpenters or masons, vending, furniture
making, livestock raising and mango spraying, fish processing, bamboo stick making, gleaning,
gleaning, Rattan and bamboo furniture making, nipa making, cottage industry and Mining.

Aquaculture activities

Masinloc has some areas in its coastal barangays that are allotted for aquaculture.
According to the interviews, each barangay has the presence of a fishpond or fish cage in their
area;

a. Barangay Baloganon

- Fish cage culture of milkfish

b. Bamban

- Two units of fish cages and seaweed farming

c. Barangay San Lorenzo

- Six units fish cages and fish pond (600 sq.m.) which cultures mudcrabs and
prawn being operated by private investors

d. San Salvador Island

- Taclobo Farm managed by the local government of Masinloc and the Seaweeds
Farm owned by private investors

19 PCRA Reports of the Municipality of Masinloc, Zambales

Table 8. Average individual income per day of the working class of the Coastal Barangays
of Masinloc, Zambales

Barangay labor income per day Fishermen’s income

Baloganon 200-300 pesos/day (vending) 3,000 pesos/month
Bamban - 200 pesos/trip
Bani 300 pesos 300 pesos (peak season)/day
Collat - 500 pesos/day
Inhobol - 3,000 pesos/month
North Poblacion - 500 pesos/day
San Lorenzo - 1,500 pesos/month
San Salvador Island - 3,000-4,000/month
South Poblacion 150 pesos (hard labor) 100 pesos/day
1,500 pesos/month (sales
clerk)
Sto. Rosario - -
Taltal - 3,000 pesos per month

The next table shows the number of fishermen in the coastal barangays and the number of
motorized and non-motorized fishing boats in every barangay.

Table 9. number of fishermen, motorized and non-motorized boats of the Coastal

Barangays of Masinloc, Zambales

Barangay Fishermen Motorized fishing Non-motorized

boat fishing boat
Baloganon 106 (registered) 60% Almost all fishing 1% of the total
are full-time fishers boats number of fishing
boats
Bamban - - -
Bani 53 - -
Collat 200 100 -
Inhobol 200 (47 registered) 100 100
fulltime fishers
North Poblacion 40 (registered) 30 10
San Lorenzo 152 (registered) 70% 30%
San Salvador Island 500 (300 registered) 100 20
South Poblacion 300 (41 registered) 50 Undefined number
Sto. Rosario 193 (registered) 15 5
Taltal 231(39 registered) 50% 50%

20 PCRA Reports of the Municipality of Masinloc, Zambales

 Table 10. Skills Inventory of the Coastal Barangays of Masinloc, Zambales
Acquired Skills
Livelihood Proposed
Occupation Inherent Skills (either thru training Skills Needed
Projects Livelihood
or seminar)
Bamban
Farming Farming skills Backyard Farming
Fishing Fishing and
net
making/mending
Sari-sari store Management skills
Electrician Electronics skills Electronics skills
(refresher training)
Trading
Carpenter Carpentry skills
Charcoal
production Charcoal making
Sea-cucumber Sea cucumber
culture farming
Seaweeds
culture Seaweeds culture Seaweeds culture Seaweeds farming
(additional
Boat builder Boat building training)
Carpentry
Welding
Tinapa making
Culture
Bangus culture Fish cage culture technologies of
Boneless bangus
processing various finfishes
Animal
dispersal Cage construction

Piggery Hog raising skills

Collat
Fishing
Fishing and net modernization
Fishing making/ training Fishing techniques
mending Meat processing Farming skills
Farming Farming Cottage industry
Nipa making Meat processing Meat processing
(tocino and
longganisa)
Piggery Hog raising
Poultry
Poultry management

21 PCRA Reports of the Municipality of Masinloc, Zambales

South
Poblacion
Government
Employee
Laborer Construction skills Tinapa making Bagoong making
Fishing and net
Fishermen making/ Tinapa making
mending Poultry
Culture
Farmer Farming Fish pen/cage technologies on
various finfishes
Vendor Marketing skills and
Barbeque stick Barbeque stick cage/pen
production making construction
and
operation/manage
Bagoong making ment
Net-mending Seaweed farming Seaweed culture
Sea cucumber Sea cucumber
Boat making culture culture
San Lorenzo
fishing fishing
farming farming
poultry
piggery
Bani
fishing sari-sari store management skills
fishery value
farming adding
mango cage culture of
spraying siganids
doormat
making
sari-sari store
rice cake rice cake making
fish and meat
processing
pastillas
making
seaweeds
farming seaweeds farming
San Salvador
farming farming skills
construction
charcoal
making charcoal making
fish vending
22 PCRA Reports of the Municipality of Masinloc, Zambales
fishing fishing skills
sewing sewing skills
sari-sari store management skills
construction construction skills
Baloganon
fishing piggery
farming poultry
salt making
Sto. Rosario
fishing fishing skills
new farming
farming farming skills technology
cottage
industry cottage making piggery
poultry
Taltal
fishing fishing skills
farming farming skills
mining

Fishing Activities

Fishing activities are done all throughout the year. The most common fishing gears used
Lambat, Kawil, multiple hook and line, kitang, lambat palubog, lambat palutang, squid jigger,
spear gun, crab pot, singgapong, largarete, drive-in net, multiple long line, bubo, sinsuro,
handline, spears, baby bag net, push net and kurukud. Amihan and Habagat are the common
trade winds of all the coastal barangays.

The common fish species caught in the waters of Masinloc are bangus (because of the
fish cages), hasa-hasa, aligasin, garfish, half beak, batalay, alumahan, squid, crabs, tirong, dilis,
padas, talakitok, snapper, bisugo, lapu-lapu, danggit, mulmol, dalagang bukid, tambakol, bariles,
other tuna species, isdang bato, ligasin, bonito, sapsap, samaral, pusit puti, guno, pating, maya-
maya, and tritong.

Common shells gathered are red cockle, mussel, capiz, elephant shell, talaba, batotoy,
opiang, tahong dagat,

The increase in population, increase in the number of fishers and rampant practice of
illegal fishing activities (e.g. dynamite fishing, cyanide fishing) in their waters, mining activities,
23 PCRA Reports of the Municipality of Masinloc, Zambales
the hot water and waste material discharges from the NAPOCOR operations, water pollution
from fish cages contributed to the continuous degradation of the marine environment in the
municipality which resulted to decreases in fish catch that is being experienced until today.
Global warming is also a factor according to the residents of Barangay Bamban. Furthermore
the establishment of fish sanctuary has decreased the area of fishing for the fisherfolk, however
in the long run this will gradually increase the fish stock. For Barangay North Poblacion, the
eruption of Mount Pinatubo has affected their fish catch. In the Island of San Salvador, decrease
in fish catch was experienced in the years since 1970s until 1990s. However in the year 2000
there has been an increase in fish catch as a result of strict implementation of fishery laws in the
area. At present, there is another trend of decrease in fish catch due to the alleged siltation
caused by the mining activities in the upland.

Solid Waste Management

There is minimal problem with waste eradication in all the coastal barangays of Masinloc
except for Barangay Collat due to the closure of its landfill, Barangay San Lorenzo and South
Poblacion due to improper waste disposal. There is weekly garbage collection in almost all
barangays. Some residents of all the barangays dispose their garbage through burning but there
are also other residents who are disposing their garbage by throwing it to the sea.

People’s Organizations

The coastal barangays of Masinloc have various people’s organizations. The following
table will show the different organizations.

Table11. People’s organizations of the Coastal Barangays of Masinloc, Zambales

Bani
Nagkakaisang Mamamayan 2003 (inactive at present) Formal Conservation
para sa Kalikasan ng Bani
(NMKB)
Bantay Dagat Formal Law Enforcement and
Conservation
Sto. Rosario

24 PCRA Reports of the Municipality of Masinloc, Zambales

Farmers Association ng 2008(100 members) Tending (Fertilizer)
Sto. Rosario
San Lorenzo
Samahang Mangingisda ng 1980s Formal Livelihood (dagdag kita)
Mapanglit Inc.(SMPI)
Bantay Dagat Some are deputized
San Salvador
Samahang Pangkaunlaran 1993 Formal Conservation
ng San Salvador (SPSS)
Bantay Dagat Federation Formal Law Enforcement
Masinloc Marine Sanctuary Formal Conservation/payao
Association
Baloganon
FARMC Inactive
Bantay Dagat
PASAHANARA Coop Active and Formal REFO Livelihood
ATOB Marketing Coop Inactive Motorized Bangka/net
Collat
North RiverSide Multi- 1980 Registered Financed by TLRC, no
Purpose Cooperative longer functional, deep sea
fishing
Samahang Mangingisda ng 34 years ago (1975) Not Registered River Clean Up
Riverside
Taltal
SAMATOG
Bantay Dagat Inactive
FARMC
South Poblacion
No existing POs
Bamban
Farmers Irrigation 1990s Informal
Association
FARMC Inactive
Bantay Dagat (1 person) Active
BAFC (Newly Organized) 2008 Formal
Samahang Kababaihan Active Livelihood
Inhobol
Balogo Women 2005-2006 Livelihood
Association (BALWA)
Matalvis Fishermen May 2009 Formal Payao Livelihood Project
Association
Samahang Mangingisda ng Formal Payao livelihood project
Balogo Centro (SMB)
North Poblacion
Samahang Mangingisda ng 1997 Formal (Inactive) Livelihood (payao)
Masinloc Riverside
(SAMARIS)
Samahang Magsasaka at 2008 Formal Payao livelihood Project

25 PCRA Reports of the Municipality of Masinloc, Zambales

Mangingisda ng Masinloc
Inc. (SMMMI)

Matalvis Fishing Active Payao Project

Association (Phase II)
Samahang Magsasaka at Active
Mangingisda ng Tugue,
Taltal
Bantay Dagat Federation Active Motorized Banca
Masinloc
Samahang Mangingisda ng Active/informal Payao Project
Collat (SMC)
Deep Sea Fishing Inactive Payao
Association – Balogo
Samahang Kababaihan ng Informal Payao and Fish Vending
Balogo Phase I

External Supporting Agencies

The following is the lists of agencies that support the different coastal barangays of
Masinloc, Zambales: Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources, Department of Agriculture,
Department of Environment and Natural Resources, Department of Health, Department of Social
Welfare and Development, Philippine National Police, National Power Corporation, NGO
(Jaime V. Ongpin Foundation, Kadre ng Kalikasan), Municipal Government of Masinloc,
Department of Labor and Employment, Provincial Government of Zambales, Department of
Agrarian Reform, Office of the Congressman, NAPOCOR, and NGO (Arthur Halata
Foundation).

Coastal Resource Management

The people of Barangay Baloganon once conducted a mangrove reforestation headed by

the NGO Jaime V. Ongpin Foundation. The people of Baloganon are claiming that unless the
fish cages are removed from the waters of the barangay the natural environment will not recover.
Barangay Bamban has an annual coastal clean-up drive sponsored by the Barangay Council,

26 PCRA Reports of the Municipality of Masinloc, Zambales

Magrove reforestation is also promoted by the LGU and private individuals. The CRM Code of
Masinloc, intensifies the campaign against illegal fishing activities and violators of fishery laws.

Magrove reforestation sponsored by NAPOCOR is the only coastal resource management

project of Barangay Bani. The residents of the community are not aware that the fish sanctuary is
a Coastal Resource Management project. On the other hand the people are aware of the
prohibited fishing activities. Barangay Collat has a pending request for an annual coastal Clean-
up drive and mangrove reforestation and hopefully this will entice the community people to
actively participate to all CRM activities of the Barangay.

Barangay Inhobol does not have a Coastal Resource Management activity. Mangrove
reforestation is more of an individual initiative. Barangay North Poblacion has several Coastal
Resource Management activities namely, mangrove reforestation (3 years ago) and an annual
Coastal Clean-Up Drive and the Barangay Tanod conducting a regular coastal clean-up activity.

Mangrove planting led by the Bantay Dagat is the CRM activity of Barangay San
Lorenzo. In Sitio Panglit, the marine sanctuary is their CRM project to which the community
members take turns in monitoring.

San Salvador Island Barangay Council holds an annual coastal clean-up as their regular
CRM project. In addition to this, they also initiate mangrove planting. The island is also a site
of a long running MPA, the San Salvador Marine Sanctuary with its pilot program of
transplanting corals and giant clams (Tridacna spp.) in cooperation with UP-MSI.

Barangay South Poblacion has high compliance in terms of CRM rules and regulations
and fishery law. They have mangrove reforestation and coastal clean-up as their regular CRM
activities. South Poblacion residents, despite their high compliance to the law, have very low
participation in the activities.

Barangay Sto. Rosario and Taltal have mangrove reforestation projects sponsored by
NGO’s. coastal clean up drives are also promoted in Barangay Sto. Rosario.

The Municipality of Masinloc, Zambales is implementing its municipal ordinance

regarding Prohibited Gears and Activities in the Coastal Waters of Masinloc (Municipal

27 PCRA Reports of the Municipality of Masinloc, Zambales

Ordinance 92-08 or CRM Code). The following activities and gears are stated in Municipal
Ordinance 92-08.

• All illegal fishing gears stated in RA 8550 • Fishing without license and permits
• Use of compressor • Dumping of wastes
• Use of fine mesh net with mesh size less • Direct discharge of human and animal
than 3 cm. wastes
• Use of double net • Mangrove cutting
• Triple nets • Gathering of aquarium fish
• Kunay • Fishing inside the marine protected areas
• Kayakas • Other activities that may potentially
• Libaliba contribute to the decrease in water quality
• Sinsoro such as unregulated tourism activities.
• Karukod • Overfeeding and overstocking in
• Burnas mariculture/aquaculture operations and
• Unregistered Fishers livestock rising near coastal areas

Law Enforcement

The Bantay Dagat of Barangay Baloganon is inactive. The poor law enforcement
program and the lack of law enforcement awareness activities in the area resulted to the non-
compliance of the community to CRM rules. Barangay Bamban, Bani and Collat have an active
Bantay Dagat teams. Bamban’s wardens are focused on the existing Fish Sanctuary of Masinloc.
In Barangay Inhobol there is an existing Bantay Dagat who are active however could not strictly
implement the fishery laws because of the “kakilala” system which is very popular in the area.

The compliance of fishery laws in Barangay North Poblacion is very strong because aside
from the presence of Bantay Dagat (3 wardens), the Philippine Coast Guard, and the Philippine
National Police, conduct regular routine operations along the waters of the barangay and the
whole coast of Masinloc.

Sitio Panglit in Barangay San Lorenzo has an active Bantay Dagat, however the
compliance to the existing fishery low is not that high because people lack awareness on the

28 PCRA Reports of the Municipality of Masinloc, Zambales

existing laws and Coastal Resource Management. There are 70 Bantay Dagat volunteers in San
Salvador Island wherein 50% are already deputized. The recognition of the residents of the
community to fishery laws, rules and regulations are very well. On the other hand Barangay
South Poblacion doesn’t have law enforcement group or Bantay Dagat to strictly implement
fishery laws. The Bantay Dagat of Sto. Rosario and Taltal are both inactive.

Issues and Concerns

The following are the issues and concerns brought up by the respondents of the coastal
barangays of Masinloc, Zambales:

Table 12. Issues and Concerns, by Barangay

BARANGAY ISSUES RECOMMENDATION

• Depletion of marine resources • Resort development

• Improper waste disposal • Inland road widening
• Siltation • Upgrading of the water system
• Destruction of coastal habitats due in the area
San Salvador to illegal fishing practices • Electrification for the whole
island
• Solid waste management
program, marine sanctuary
• Forest trees and mangrove
protection
• Declining fish catch • Alternative livelihood
• Water system
• Farm to market road
San Lorenzo • Irrigation in mainland barangay
• Electrification and Bigasang
Barangay in Sitio Panglit
• Upgrading of fishing boat from
non- motorized to motorized.
• Depletion of marine resources • Construction/Establishment of a
Bani • Lack of livelihood opportunities community water system
• Improper waste disposal • Provision of livelihood projects
• Lack of potable water • Solid waste management
29 PCRA Reports of the Municipality of Masinloc, Zambales
 program

• Declining catch • Alternative livelihood for

• Water pollution from waste of fish women
cages • Potable water installation
• Sea cucumber culture to
Taltal augment income
• Banning of fish cages
• Strict implementation of fishery
laws
• Strengthening of POs
• Risk to operate outside the • Alternative livelihood
South municipal water or beyond 15 • Technical assistance from the
kilometers from the coastline experts and more trainings for
Poblacion
the success of proposed
livelihood projects
• Declining fish catch • Payao installation
• Oil price hike • Training for fishing
Collat • Increase number of fishermen modernization
• Livelihood for women.

• Declining fish catch • Alternative livelihood

Inhobol
• Increase number of fishermen • Skills training

• Want to stop fishing due to • Availability of work

decreasing fish catch and • Upgrading of banca from non
undependable income. Shifting to motorized to motorized
North
other livelihood will not be easy • Maximize skills of women by
Poblacion providing them alternative
for them because of unavailability
livelihood
of work suited for their skills. No
starting capital

• Declining fish catch • Alternative livelihood like pen

Baloganon • No supply of potable water culture of seabass and danggit

30 PCRA Reports of the Municipality of Masinloc, Zambales

 • Fishing can no longer support the • Alternative livelihood
daily needs of fisherfolks • Dredging of irrigation canals
• Existing irrigation dried up during for farming
Bamban summer. • Farm to market road
• Pprovision of seeds and other
agricultural inputs
• Skills training on electronics
• Declining fish catch • Alternative livelihood such as
• Lack of employment piggery and poultry projects
that could help them increase
Sto. Rosario their income
• Learn new farming
technologies to increase their
yield per cropping

B. Habitat Assessment

The assessment of the coastal barangays was conducted to evaluate the present biological
status of its waters. This will serve as a vantage point data for the municipality of Masinloc for
future reference purposes and to identify new feasible livelihood projects related to issues
concerning the marine resources of the entire municipality. This will also help in the
management of coastal zone especially in the conservation and rehabilitation of marine habitats.

Coral Reefs

Coral reefs are warm, clear, shallow ocean habitats that are rich in life. The reef's massive
structure is formed from coral polyps, tiny animals that live in colonies; when coral polyps die,
they leave behind a hard, stony, branching structure made of limestone. Coral reefs are compared
to rainforest in terms of productivity, diversity and ecological complexity. Coastal communities
also depend on this ecosystem as a source of food ranging from daily subsidence to commercial
scale and various ornamental products. But, due to adverse human impact, the resources in the
coral reef area are being degraded and nearly in great danger.

31 PCRA Reports of the Municipality of Masinloc, Zambales

 Coral reefs provide a wide variety of habitats, each with its own set of characteristic
species. Differences in the degree of proximity to the coast, exposure to wave action, currents,
light levels, the amount of algae, plankton and other food, and the abundance, shape, and
varieties of corals and other shelter combine to create a large variety of different places to be
exploited. These places are occupied by random assemblages of a usually large number of
species of fishes.

The quadrat method was used to accurately quantify the status of the coral reef in the
coastal barangays of Masinloc, Zambales. Table 13 shows the consolidated percentages of the
coral reef assessment of the coastal barangays, and the pie chart gives an overview of the
composition computed as the coral reef status of Masinloc, Zambales.

Table 13. Summary of the Coral Reef Assessment of the Barangays of Masinloc, Zambales

SC PLANTS OTHER SAND/

BARANGAY LHC WDC DCA ANIMALS RUBBLE SILT TOTAL
Baloganon 25.5 0.5 2.5 1.0 - - 21.5 49.0 100
Bamban 33.7 1.8 3.5 5.0 1.5 28.3 37.0 19.8 100
Bani 24.3 9.3 14.3 15.0 3.0 - 34.7 0.3 100
Inhobol 32.0 1.5 5.0 10.5 1 1.5 25.5 23 100

San Lorenzo 48 3 4.4 9.3 - - 9.3 26 100

San Salvador 1.7 - -
Is. 45.4 18.1 19.8 9.5 5.5 100
South -
Poblacion 16.9 2 3 0 4.25 28.6 47.75 100
-
Sto. Rosario 35.5 3.75 28 - 3 16.25 36.5 100
32.6625 2.225 6.69375 11.45 0.6875 4.63125 22.79375 25.98125
Average 100

32 PCRA Reports of the Municipality of Masinloc, Zambales

 Of the 11 coastal barangays of Masinloc, Zambales, only 8 barangays were observed to
have natural occurring coral reef and as the results suggest that they are still in fair condition
with an average of 31% Live Hard Coral coverage. Barangay San Lorenzo has the highest
coverage of Live Hard Coral with 48% and the lowest coral coverage is in Barangay South
Poblacion with only 16%. The suggested intensification of the implementation of fishery laws to
minimize illegal fishing activities and with the awareness and compliance of all the community
of CRM activities and projects, there is a high possibility that these figures will improve in the
near future for the benefit of the fisherfolk.

33 PCRA Reports of the Municipality of Masinloc, Zambales

Fish Visual

Of all the creatures dwelling on coral reefs, none are more active or obvious than the
fishes. Perhaps more than any other single components of the reef communities, fishes provide
the best opportunity to observe essential features of reef ecology.

The most striking feature of reef fish is their diversity, in terms of both species number
and the range of morphologies. An estimated 4000 (18% of all living fishes) species of fish live
on coral reefs and associated habitats of the Indo-Pacific and Atlantic oceans, and this number
increases as new exploratory surveys are done. The high diversity of the fish communities in the
coral reefs is maintained mainly by the complexity of these places that provide different ways for
fishes to feed, live and reproduce. (Roch, L. A., 2005. Coral Reef Fishes)

Coral reef fishes are of considerable economic value to the adjacent coastal cities. There
are artisanal, professional and recreational fisheries in developing and developed countries
around the world, and there are some target selected high value species.

During the actual conduct of fish visual census, the following species of fish are noted to
be present in the waters of the coastal barangays of Masinloc, Zambales:

Table 14. Fish Species Observed in Masinloc, Zambales

Scientific Name Common Name Total Average (%)

Acanthurus sp. Surgeon fish 134 12.00716846
Scarus sp. Parrotfish 75 6.720430108
Chaetodon sp. Butterfly fish 117 10.48387097
Chromis sp. Damsel fish 125 11.20071685
Abuldefdaf sp. Sergeant fish 218 19.53405018
Apogon fraenatus Cardinal Fish 6 0.537634409
Apogon cyanosoma Cardinal fish 244 21.86379928
Coris batuensis Wrasse 38 3.405017921
Letrinus argus Emperor bream 3 0.268817204
Scolopsis bilineatus Coral bream 36 3.225806452
Epinephelus sp. Grouper 8 0.716845878
Zanclus cornutus Moorish Idol 19 1.702508961

34 PCRA Reports of the Municipality of Masinloc, Zambales

Therapon jarbua Therapon 5 0.448028674
Ceasio pisang Fusilier 26 2.329749104
Siganus canaliculatus Rabbitfish 9 0.806451613
Pomacanthus sp. Angelfish 10 0.896057348
Parupeneus indicus Goatfish 20 1.792114695
Trumpet Fish 1 0.089605735
Squirrel fish 11 0.985663082
Trigger fish 1 0.089605735
Sillago sihama Silver Sillago 2 0.17921147
Unknown 8 0.716845878
Total 1,116 100

From all the coastal barangays of Masinloc, Zambales, the researchers were able to
observe 1,116 fish individuals which represent a high diversity of fish species. Fish abundance
varies from high abundance as exhibited by the Sergeant fish and Cardinal fish (A. cyanosoma).
These results are promising and with further intensification of fishery ordinances and compliance
of the communities, the figures shown above will eventually increase.

35 PCRA Reports of the Municipality of Masinloc, Zambales

36 PCRA Reports of the Municipality of Masinloc, Zambales
Seagrass Beds

The following table shows the relative distribution of sea grass bed habitats in the 8
coastal barangays:

Table 15. Summary of Seagrass Species Observed in Masinloc, Zambales

Barangay Cymodocea Thalassia Syringodium Halophila Halodule Halophila Enhalus Halodule Sand
rotundata hemprichii isoetifolium ovalis uninervis spinulosa acoroides pinifolia
Baloganon 19.38 - 0.48 - - - 5.48 0.76 73.90
Bamban - - - - - - 13.14 - 86.86
Bani 47.00 - - - - - Co-exist - 53.00
with C.
Rotundata
Inhobol 1.19 7.19 0.14 0.14 7.95 - 9.19 - 74.19
San Co-exist 41.25 57.75
Lorenzo with E.
acoroides
San 60.66 Co-exist
Salvador with T.
Island hemprichii
South 19.5 - - 9 - - 10 - 61.5
Poblacion
Sto. 1.43 2.81 - - 0.05 - 12.38 - 83.33
Rosario
Taltal 2.14 - - - - - 7.24 - 90.62

During the actual seagrass bed habitat assessment, it was observed that there is a low
diversity and abundance of seagrass species in the municipality of Masinloc, Zambales. San
Salvador Island’s seagrass habitat is considered a pristine habitat with 60.66% seagrass coverage.
However, only two species are present, and of the two species, undetermined percentage of
Halodule uninervis was also observed. The most diverse seagrass species having 6 species of
seagrass was observed in Barangay Inhobol and the least diverse with only one species of
seagrass was observed in Barangay Bamban. See Table 16 for the Summary of seagrass species
observed in Masonloc, Zambales.

37 PCRA Reports of the Municipality of Masinloc, Zambales

Mangroves

The consolidated results of the mangrove habitat assessment shows that the habitat in
Masinloc, Zambales is in a fair condition, and the mangrove reforestation activities of the coastal
barangays help to improve the present condition of their mangrove forests. Further reforestation
and intensified awareness of the benefits of mangrove forest will improve the present state of the
mangrove forest from fair condition to good or even to excellent condition. Barangay Bani
exhibited the highest percentage of crown cover with an average of 138 percent. San Salvador
Island exhibited the tallest mangroves with an average height of 7 meters and Barangay San
Lorenzo has the highest regeneration rate with an average of 2 seedlings growing in one square
meter. The mangrove forest of San Salvador Island exhibited an excellent mangrove habitat.

Table 16. Summary of Computed Parameters Per Assessed Barangay.

BARANGAY % CROWN COVER AVE. HEIGHT Regeneration/ m2

Baloganon 15.38 % 6.1 meters 0.84
Bamban 31.6 6.9 0.55
Bani 138 6.4 1.4
Collat 62 2.5 0.6
Inhobol 29 5.02 0.49
North Poblacion 24.8 3.54 0.33
San Lorenzo 42 2.64 2
San Salvador Island 105 7 1.5
South Poblacion 14.7 4 0.32
Sto. Rosario 37 6.1 0.57
Taltal 41 5.1 0.81
Average 49.13 5.03 0.86

38 PCRA Reports of the Municipality of Masinloc, Zambales

IV. SUMMARY/CONCLUSION

Taking into account all the results of the habitat assessment, Masinloc, Zambales
exhibited a fair condition on all the habitats. This has been attributed to high compliance of
fishery laws, and CRM rules and regulations. Improvement of the habitat’s current state is not
far from reality because, with an average hard coral cover of 32%, highly diversified fish index,
fair seagrass bed, and dense mangrove forests, the results of the assessments are in a good
vantage point to intensify the CRM campaign. Alongside with their Municipal Code focused on
fisheries and participation of the communities, the coastal habitats of Masinloc, Zambales will
highly be improved.

39 PCRA Reports of the Municipality of Masinloc, Zambales

 Participatory Coastal Resource Assessment
Barangay Baloganon, Masinloc, Zambales

I. DESCRIPTION OF THE STUDY AREA

A. Biophysical Characteristics

1. Location
Barangay Baloganon is located at the Northwest of Barangay Taltal and Barangay Collat
at the South (Latitude : 15 32' 00'' and Longitude : 119 57' 00''). It has a total land area of
seven hundred forty nine (749) hectares and a distance of two kilometers from the Poblacion.

The barangay has ten (10) sitios namely Cajawangan, Yakmot, Tikling, Magulang, Pulo,
Lipay, Kalambabo, Lubag, Oyong and Ubat. It comprises of eight puroks: Narra I & II,
Tanguile I & II, Bliss and Apitong.

Figure 1 Location Map of Brgy. Baloganon

 2. Climate and Soil
Baloganon, like other coastal barangays of Masinloc, Zambales, has two pronounced
seasons, dry from December to May and wet from June to November. Three soil types
present in the area are: loam, sandy and clay.

B. Socio Cultural-Economic Characteristics

1. Population and Household Size

Barangay Baloganon has a total population of 7,143 (as of 2007). Three thousand six
hundred eighty one (3,681) or 52% of the population are male while 3,462 or 48% are
female. Based from the latest barangay profile (2007), the total number of households is
1,428 and the average number of children in the family ranges from four to five.

When it comes to education, the fathers are mostly elementary graduates while the
mothers are mostly high school graduates. The children usually reach high school and college
level at present. Those who did not pursue their college education, usually help their fathers
in fishing while others are into construction work as laborers.

Most of the houses in Barangay Baloganon are made of G.I. sheets for roofing, cement
for walls and floors, and windows made of glass. Almost all of the families have their own
toilets. Jetmatic / artesian wells are the main source of water and are used mainly in
cleaning activities because of a salty taste. They bought drinking water at the Masinloc town
proper which cost P50.00 per drum.

In terms of religious affiliation, 90% of the community members are Catholic and the rest
are Iglesia ni Cristo.
 2. Community Resources

a. Physical Infrastructure

The community infrastructures found in Barangay Baloganon are:

• Barangay Health Center

• Church
• Barangay Hall
• Wharf
• Primary School
o Masinloc Christian School
o Baloganon Day Care Center
• Basketball Court
• Elementary School
o Baloganon Elementary School
o Mandaloy Elementary School

b. Natural Resources

The community resources map illustrates the various resources found within the
community. Barangay Baloganon has substantial coastal resources that include seagrass
beds, coral reefs, beaches and mangrove areas. These resources provide fishery resources like
fish, crustaceans, mollusks and edible aquatic plants to the villagers. These coastal resources
are mainly utilized for fishing and transportation activities.

For fishery resources, the following are found in the waters of Barangay Baloganon:

• Bangus • Maya-maya
• Alimango • Mulmol
• Talakitok • Opiang
• Samaral • Sea cucumber
• Alumahan • Seaweeds (arocep)
• Sapsap
Figure 2 Community Resources Map
 Table 1 Transect Walk Diagram of Brgy. Baloganon

Habitat Lowland Bakawan Aplaya Damuhan Bahura (Reefs

Management Settlement (Mangrove) (Beach) (Seagrass shoal)
Parameter Area bed)

Mga Likas na Mango trees, Mangrove Shells, clams, Shells Balat (sea
Kayamanan coconuts, trees, crabs oysters, (opiang), cucumber),
pigs, (alimango), coconut trees, balat (sea octopus, squid,
(Natural chickens, finfishes, sea cucumber, cucumber), shells (cockles),
Resources) goats. Cows, coconut seaweeds capiz, lobsters
vegetables trees seaweeds
(arosep)blue
crabs,
rabbitfish,
talakitok,

Mga Uri ng Fish Mangrove Tourism Harvesting Tourism

Hanapbuhay, processing, cutting, related and selling (snorkeling/diving),
Mga retail stores, wood activities of seafoods, fishing, gleaning,
Pagkakataon cattle, gathering, (resorts), sea sea cucumber
(Types of livestock and charcoal traditional cucumber collection,
Livelihood, poultry making, fish gleaning, fish drying and
opportunities) raising, gathering, drying, processing,
buying and boat jetty,
selling of
mangoes,
seacucumber
processing,
sari-sari
stores

Mga Lack of Solid Solid wastes, Feed Coral bleaching,

Suliranin livelihood wastes, beach erosion, residuals suspended solids,
(Problems/ opportunities, cutting of deteriorating from nearby feed residuals,
Issues) mangrove water quality cages, dwindling catch
trees, fish (itchy water),
pond
conversion
c. Eco-Tourism Spots

The following are the eco-tourism spots found in the barangay:

• Puerto Asinan
• Stingray Divers Resort
• Kilometer 18 mini waterfalls

3. Livelihood

The people of Barangay Baloganon have three main sources of income, to wit fishing,
farming (rice) and salt making. Most heads of the households are involved in farming or
fishing as their primary or secondary occupation. Other activities which contribute to the
income of the family are sea cucumber processing, and fish drying which basically
dominated by women, rearing of animals, growing of other vegetables and other crops.
Additional landbased occupations include buying and selling of mangoes, selling of goods
in stores, managing a small sari-sari store in front of their houses while others are employed
in the resorts/hotels operating in the area.

There are also fish cage culturing milkfish in the area. There used to be a seaweeds
project which was awarded by BFAR 3 to the fisherfolk of Barangay Baloganon.

There are 106 registered municipal fisherfolks and 60% of these fishermen are fulltime.
Almost all of fishing boats are motorized and operate within the municipal waters. Few
fishermen use non-motorized boats which comprise only of about 1%.
 4. Fishing Activities

Calendar diagram illustrates the seasonality of fishing catch. Most of the fisherfolk refers
their fish catch to assorted fishes because no particular fish species were caught in bulk or
large amount. Bangus (Chanos chanos) was specifically mentioned because of the presence
of fish cage and is primarily the source of bangus when ripped or damaged. There are
numerous numbers of fish cages present in the area owned by private investors. The most
common fishing gears used in the area are; lambat, kawil, multiple hook and line, and kitang.
Lambat and kawil are used all through-out the year and the species caught by these gears are
tuna species and alumahan . Usually, kawil is used from sunset to sunrise.

The trend diagram shows that from 1960’s to late 1980’s there was abundance catch. On
1990’s, there was a decline on fish catch since the NAPOCOR started its operation that
distracts fishes on the area because of its hot waste discharges. Dynamite fishing, cyanide,
coral ranching, fine mesh net and mining (upland) activities contribute to the decline of fish
catch. On year 2000, there was a sudden decline because of fish cages that produce water
pollution.

Figure 3 Calendar Diagnram

 Figure 4 Trend Diagram

C. Institutional Aspects

1. Community Organizations
The only community organizations present in the area are the members of FARMC and
Bantay Dagat which according to the people are inactive at present.

POs When Established Formal/Informal Main function/Area of Concern

FARMC
INACTIVE
Bantay Dagat
 2. External Supporting Organizations

The following are agencies that support the community:

• Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources (BFAR)

• Department of Agriculture (DA)
• Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR)
• Department of Health (DOH)
• Department of Social Welfare and Development (DSWD)
• Philippine National Police (PNP)
• National Power Corporation (NAPOCOR)
• NGO (Jaime V. Ongpin Foundation, Kadre ng Kalikasan)
• Municipal Government of Masinloc

BFAR
DSWD

DA
PNP

Communit
DENR

NAPOCO

DoH
NGOs

LGU

Figure 4 Institutional Diagram

 The Jaime V. Ongpin foundation spearheaded the mangrove reforestation and provides
jetmatic (for water system) for the community while the Kadre ng Kalikasan (NGO founded
by former Congressman Torres) rendered law enforcement activity for the community but no
longer active.

D. Coastal Resource Management

The people of Barangay Baloganon, through the foundation of Jaime V. Ongpin

conducted a mangrove reforestation. At present, the communities have no participation on
any coastal activities and programs because they believed that the coastal area cannot recover
unless fish cages will be abolished. Waste materials from fish cages are the primary cause of
water pollution.

The community also observed that when NAPOCOR started to operate in Masinloc, it
creates a trembling effect that they can feel up to off-shore. Another observation is that the
waste product of NAPOCOR is warm which makes the fishermen believe that this
observation was the cause of the decline in fish catch.

The following activities identified by the community as destructive or causing damage to

the coastal areas:

• Use of sodium cyanide

• Dynamite fishing
• Coral ranching
• Mining (upland activities)
• Fishing with the use of fine mesh nets
 E. Law Enforcement

Barangay Baloganon has an inactive Bantay Dagat. The Kadre ng Kalikasan of former
Congressman Torres is a Non Government Organization which was active in law
enforcement before. Because of poor law enforcement program or activities in the area, the
community has no compliance to CRM rules.

Deputation or strengthening of the existing bantay dagat in the area is necessary to

minimize or eradicate illegal activities in the coastal area of Barangay Baloganon.

II. HABITAT ASSESSMENT

A. Coral Reef Assessment

1. Manta Tow Survey Method

Manta tow points, coordinates, percentage of live hard, soft, dead corals, sand/silt/rubble
and other significant observations is presented in Table 2 .

Average percentage cover of hard corals, soft corals and dead corals of these two 2
sampling stations established is given in Table 2. Station 1 has 25 % cover (for both hard and
soft corals) showed poor coral cover while Stations 2 also poor coral cover with 20% total
live cover . In general, the condition of the reefs for these two 2 sampling stations was fair
with an overall average live coral cover of 22.5 % (see Table 3).

Table 2 Results of Manta Tow Conducted in Barangay Baloganon, Masinloc, Zambales

Tow No. Coordinates LHC SC DC DCA Sand/Silt/Rubble Total

1 15°33'15" 25 0 20 15 40 100
119°56'06"
2 15°33'20" 20 0 15 15 50 100
119°56'10"
 Figure 5 Results of Manta Tow Conducted in Barangay Baloganon, Masinloc, Zambales

2. Transect and Quadrat Method

The living coral cover at the two (2) transect sampling stations for both hard and soft
with an average percent cover about 26 %. The result that the reef area in Barangay
Baloganon was in fair condition (Table 3). Rubbles and dead corals presently observed in the
area could be attributed the use of destructive fishing activities particularly the dynamite and
cyanide fishing contribute with an average cover about 21.5 % and 2.5 %, respectively. Dead
coral with algae with an average cover of 1 %. Sand and silt covering 49% of quadrat.

Table 3 Result of Coral Reef Assessment in Brgy. Baloganon Using Transect and Quadrat Method

Other Other
Trans. No. LHC SC DC DCA Plants Rubble/Rock Sand/Silt Total
animals Observations
1 30 1 5 0 0 0 17 47 100
2 21 0 0 2 0 0 26 51 100
Average %
Cover 25.5 0.5 2.5 1.0 0.0 0.0 21.5 49.0 100
 Figure 6 Result of Coral Reef Assessment in Brgy. Baloganon Using Transect and Quadrat Method

3. Line Intercept Technique (LIT) Result

Two (2) transect sampling stations established were generally in fair condition with an
average of 39 % of live coral cover (see Table 4). Soft corals were found absent at Station 1
and 2. Dead corals provided between 25% and 29% cover (average of 27%), mostly covered
by assemblages of algae which indicates that the corals had been dead for a long time. White
dead coral were also observed with an average of 2 % of transect. Sand/silt cover were
observed with an average of 24%.

Similarly, rubble were recorded at the two 2 sampling stations that make a significant
percentage of the total reef bottom cover with 3 %. Other animals had an average of 4.5%
cover.
 Table 4Result of Coral Reef Assessment in Brgy. Baloganon Using the Line Intercept Method

Benthic Lifeforms/Coral Reef Components AVE %

Live hard coral 39.00%

white dead coral 2.00%
Dead coral with algae 27.00%
Sponges 0.50%
Others animals 4.50%
Rubble 3.00%
Sand/Silt 24.00%
TOTAL 100.00%

Figure 7 Result of Coral Reef Assessment in Brgy. Baloganon Using the Line Intercept Method
 B. Fish Visual Census

Based on estimated counts of fish species from two (2) sampling stations, a total of 10
individuals were recorded belonging to the family Acanthuridae which is 12.2%, 13 fish
individuals from the family Scaridae (15.8%) which were considered as major reef
herbivores.

Indicator of hard coral species from the family Chaetodontidae have nine (9) individuals
which is 9.7 %, 39 individuals from the family Pomacentridae (48.9% ) that are the species
of Damsel fish and Sergent fish, 5 individuals from the family Zanclidae (6% ), and family
Balistidae and Mulidae with 1 individual each had the same percentage of 0.6%. Other
family with 6 individuals was 7.4% (Table 5)

In terms of fish abundance, Family Pomacentridae Acanthuridae were also dominant in

stations 1 and 2 and it was followed by the family Scaridae and Acanthuridae (Table 6).
Table 5 Result of Fish Visual Census Conducted in Brgy. Baloganon

English
Family Name Scientific Name TOTAL AVE %
Name
Acanthuridae Acanthurus sp Surgeon fish 10 12.2%
Scaridae Scarus sp. Parrot fish 13 15.9%
Pomacentridae Abudefduf sp. Sergeant fish 31 37.8%
Pomacentridae Chromis sp. Damsel fish 8 9.8%
Chaetondontidae Chaetodon sp. Butterfly fish 9 11.0%
Zanclidae Zanclus cornutus Moorish idol 5 6.1%
Apogonidae Apogon fraenatus Cardinal fish 6 7.3%
82 100.0%
Legend:
<fishes> - major reef carnivores
[fishes] - major reef herbivores
Fishes - fishes which are indicators of hard coral
 Figure 8 Result of Fish Visual Census Conducted in Brgy. Baloganon

C. Seagrass Assessment
Table 6 Result of Seagrass Assessment

Transect Quadrat %
Species Substrate Other Observation/s
No. No. Cover
1 1 Cr 1% Muddy Neomeris sp.
2 Cr 1% Muddy Few algae
3 Cr 40% Muddy Sargasum sp.
4 Ea/Cr 30% Muddy Sponge /5% Halimeda sp.
5 Cr 25% Muddy Padina sp.,Neomeris sp.
6 Ea 20% Muddy Dead Sargasum sp., Algae
7 Ea 10% Muddy Dead Sargasum sp., Padina sp.

2 1 0% Muddy 3% Padina sp.

2 Hp 15% Muddy Padina sp., Sargasum sp.
3 Hp/Cr 2% Muddy Sargasum sp.,algae
4 Cr 65% Muddy Sargasum sp., Neomeris sp.
5 Cr/Si 65% Muddy Padina sp., Halimeda sp.
6 Cr/Ea 50% Muddy Padina sp., Sargasum sp.
7 Ea/Cr 65% Muddy 9 Asteroidea, 1 small Sigaus sp.

3 1 Cr 1% Muddy Halimeda sp., Padina sp.

2 Cr 5% Muddy Sargasum sp., Algae
3 Cr/Si 25% Muddy Padina sp., Algae
4 Cr 40% Muddy Padina sp.
5 Ea 10% Muddy Sargasum sp., Padina sp., Algae
6 Cr 70% Muddy Padina sp.
7 Cr/Ea 5% Muddy Padina sp.
 % Cover of Each Species
Total %
Sand Substrate
Ea Th Hu Ho Hp Cr Si Cover

5.48 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.76 19.38 0.48 26.10 73.90 Muddy

Figure 9 Result of Seagrass Assessment

There is high diversity of seagrass species in the area. Cymodocea sp., dominated the
seagrass bed. Other species found are Enhalus acoroides, Halodule pinifolia, and
Syringodium iseoefifolium. There is also heterogeneity in algal species identified (Neomeris
sp., Sargassum sp., Helimeda sp., Padina sp., and other algae attached to rocks and dead
corals). Sponges, fish species (Siganus sp.) and starfishes (Asteroidea) were also recognized.
Bottom substrate mostly composed of sand, mud and volcanic rocks. The seagrass bed is
considered disturbed because there is slight to moderate physical disturbance due to human
activities in the area.

D. Mangrove Assessment

In Brgy. Baloganon, Masinloc, Zambales another long strip of mangrove site along the
Barangay coast were identified. Eight transect lines were measured, with 50 quadrats
identified. The total number of mangrove species identified and measured was 196, also
mostly dominated by Rhizopora and Sonneratia species. Height of the mangrove species was
measured at 1 meter (at the lowest) and 15 meters (at the highest) with computed average
height of 6.1 meters. Crown cover for each tree was computed as .7854 (crown diameter)2,
and the total crown diameter for all species measured was 769.51 m2. Getting the percent
cover of all species, the total crown diameter (769.51 m2) was divided by 5,000 m2 (50
quadrats x 100 m2), and the computed percent crown cover was 15.38%.

Data collected on the seedlings and saplings (regenerations) per square meter showed that
a total of 126 species were identified/listed on a total of 150 plots. It was computed that the
regeneration per square meter in the mangrove assessment site is 0.84 species per square
meter.

Therefore, based on the categories on the condition of the mangrove area assessed,
computed figures (see table below) revealed that the mangrove site assessed in Barangay
Baloganon appeared to be in Poor Condition, if and only its’ crown percentage will be the
basis. But considering its excellent average height and good regeneration count, it will not
reflect on the general condition of the mangrove area due to the fact that several cluster
growth of mangrove species were evident in the assessed area, making the crown of
mangrove species compete in spatial area thus resulting to suppressed crown growth.

BARANGAY % CROWN COVER AVE. HEIGHT Regeneration/ m2

Baloganon 15.38 % 6.1 meters 0.84

The mangrove stand that were assessed in Barangay Baloganon, may not performed well
in figures, but ocular inspection shows that the area is also well protected, with still old
growth of Sonneratia and Rhizopora species thriving in the area. Seedlings of Rhizopora
species are in great shape and without any disturbance from local folks living in the vicinity.
There are some spots where garbage can be found, especially near the residential area. Sadly,
the team discovered a charcoal-making site, with some mangrove species slashed and
 included in the process. What amazed the team most are the presence of several mud-
skippers living in the flats and prop roots of the mangroves, a sign of slightly undisturbed
mangrove stand, which is of good potential for a natural succession growth for seedlings.

III. COMMUNITY VISIONS

The community believes that if fish cages and the NAPOCOR will not be totally
abolished, the coastal areas of Barangay Baloganon and nearby barangay cannot recover
from destruction. Because of the decline of fish catch, the community wants to have an
alternative livelihood like piggery and poultry for women to augment their daily income.
They also want to have a pen culture of seabass and danggit.

Another thing important to them is to have a potable water system. Since Barangay
Baloganon is a coastal barangay the recent water supply available is not potable because of
the salty taste.
 Participatory Coastal Resource Assessment
Barangay Bamban Masinloc, Zambales

I. DESCRIPTION OF THE STUDY AREA

A. Historical Sketch

B. Biophysical Characteristics

1. Location

Bamban is one of the barangays in the municipality of Masinloc, with

about 3 kilometers distance from the Poblacion. It is located between the
coordinates of 15°30’00” North and East. There are nine (9) sitios in the
barangay namely: Huklan, Mapait, San Jose, Barko, Morallan, Pangaspikyon,
Hacienda, Batang and Lomboy. It is also comprises of four (4) puroks: Lomboy,
Santol, Manga and Langka. It has a total land area of 545 hectares and has an
approximately 4 kilometers length of coastline.

Figure 1. Location Map of Brgy. Bamban, Masinloc, Zambales

 2. Climate and Soil Characteristics

Brgy. Bamban has two pronounced seasons, dry season starting March to
late of May and wet season from late of May to early October. Soil types of the
area are sandy and clay.

C. Socio Cultural-Economic Characteristics

1. Population and Household Size

Barangay Bamban is populated with a total of two thousand one hundred

sixty three (2,163). One thousand one hundred fifteen (1,115) or 51.55% of the
population are male while one thousand forty eight (1,048) or 48.45% are female
with a total of four hundred thirty two (432) household. (Barangay Profile, 2007)

The average number of children in the family ranges from seven to nine.
Some couples are practicing family planning. The most common methods
recognized are injectables, pills and ligation. Increase in population was
attributed to natural birth and family expansion by marriage. Migration from
nearby provinces like Pangasinan also contributed to population raise.

The most common religions in the community are Roman Catholic and
Iglesia ni Cristo. Lately, the Jehovah’s Witnesses and Baptist sprouted.

Education attainments of parents were high school graduates. While the

children were also high school graduates because they were not able to pursue
their education in colleges/universities due financial problems.

Houses in the barangay are made mainly of GI sheets (80%) and some are
made of nipa/cogon grass (20%) for roofing. Walls are commonly cemented but
there are also those who are made of nipa/buho. Traditional type of window or
di-tungkod is still prominent in the area. Commonly, bamboos are used for
flooring while some other houses have earthen floor. In the barangay proper,
 almost all of the houses have toilets while in the fishing community, about 70% of
the houses have no toilets.

Deep well is the main source of potable water in the barangay. The service
of MWD is not yet available in the area. Dug well is an additional source of
water for the community.

2. Community Resources

a. Physical Infrastructure

Community infrastructures present in Barangay Bamban are:

• Barangay Health Center

• Barangay Hall
• Primary School
• Elementary School
• Barangay Parks/Plaza/Playground
• Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources (Research Outreach Station)
• Church
o Roman Catholic
o Crusaders
o IEMLF
• Port

b. Natural Resources
Brgy. Bamban has coastal resources that include mangrove area, beaches,
seagrass beds and reef shoals. They serve as a source of food and income for the
villagers that have access to these resources. Aside from these coastal resources,
other sources of aquatic organisms include fishponds and small streams and rivers
in the village. There are numerous seaweed farms and a couple of units of fish
cages in the area.
 There is an established fish sanctuary in the area which serves as a
breeding ground for a number of marine fishes. BFAR also has a breeding and
nursery facilities for different types of aquatic resources like abalone, seabass and
grouper, among others.

Problems and issues identified associated with these resources include

pollution, mangrove cutting, erosion that leads to siltation of rivers, and the
diminishing area suitable for seaweed farming because of the deteriorating water
quality in the area

Table 1. Transect Walk Diagram of Brgy. Bamban, Masinloc, Zambales

Habitat Lowland Bakawan Aplaya Bahura Damuhan

Management Settlement Area (Mangrove) (Beach) (Shoal) (Sea grass)
Parameter
Mga Likas na Mango trees, Bakawan, nipa, Shells, clams, Samaral, Shells Shells, arosep,
Kayamanan cows, carabaos, crabs oysters, coconut (opiang),blue seagrass (ribbon),
(Natural Resources) pigs, coconuts, (alimango), trees, nipa palms crabs, clams (halaan),
goats, chickens, sapsap, lukan (sasa), alimango, mudcrabs, balat, hipon,
bananas, (clams) opiang, hipon, baghang, shrimps, alimango,
vegetables, suso (snails), balanak, kilong- malakapas, samaral
bamboos, cogon tilapia, asuhos, kilong asuhos, kitang
grasses kitang
Mga Uri ng retail stores, Mangrove Traditional fishing, Harvesting and
Hanapbuhay, Mga bamboo stick cutting, wood gleaning, shell traditional selling of the
Pagkakataon (Types making,seaweed gathering, collection, port, gleaning, above mentioned
of Livelihood, drying, boat charcoal tourism related seaweed resources, sea
opportunities) making, fish making, activities, farming cucumber
processing, fishing, shell collection,
fishing, bagoong collection, seaweed farming,
making, net fishpond fish cage
mending/making,
fish pond
Mga Suliranin Lack of Mangrove Solid wastes, Pollution, solid Pollution,
(Problems/ Issues) alternative cutting, solid poor water wastes, sediments from
livelihood, wastes, quality, domestic domestic upland,
domestic and domestic wastes, erosion wastes, diminishing area
solid wastes, wastes, illegal sediments from for seaweeds
sewage settlers upland
Figure 2. Community Resources Map of Brgy. Bamban, Masinloc, Zambales
3. Livelihood

The main sources of livelihood are farming, fishing, sari-sari store, trading and
employment. The ricefields are mostly rainfed thus it only enables the farmers to one
cropping per year. Most farmers are also engaged in fishing activities. About 30%
of the community earns extra income through bamboo stick making. Stick makers
are usually farmers as well. Gleaning activities on the other hand are done by the
community for consumption. Sea cucumber collection and processing and seaweed
drying are common in the coastal area.

Buying and selling of mangoes is also a major livelihood but fishing and farming
are still the main sources of income in the village. Other residents of barangay on the
other hand are employed as construction workers while others are engaged in
charcoal making. Sari-sari store is another source of income, usually for women.

The Department of Social Welfare and Development (DSWD) sponsored a

livelihood project through financing. Some of the community members were given
ten thousand pesos (Php10,000.00) to start a living. The Bureau of Fisheries and
Aquatic Resources (BFAR) thru its Research Outreach Station (ROS) in Barangay
Bamban provided technical assistance to fisherfolks on seaweeds culture. The
farmers also enjoy the subsidy or discount on fertilizer thru the assistance of the
Provincial Agriculture Office (PAO/LGU). The Municipal Agriculture Office also
conducted programs on animal dispersal and the recipients were mostly farmers.

People of Brgy. Bamban have several skills such as: boat building, carpentry
and welding. Other members of the barangay had undergone trainings on tinapa
making, seaweed culture, bangus culture and boneless bangus making.

Problems on employment was mentioned by the community and they believed

that alternative livelihood during lean months is one of the solutions to this. Piggery,
fish cage and seaweeds culture are the preferred livelihood projects. Backyard
farming and dredging of irrigation were also brought up which could help improve
their agricultural production per year. Skills’ training on electronics on te other hand
is suggested for out of school youth.
 There are two units of fish cages in the barangay. Seaweeds farming is also
present in the area.

4. Fishing Activities

The diagram illustrates seasonality of fishing catch and fishing gear. The most
common fishing gears used in the area are: set gill net (palubog), drift gill net (palutang),
squid jigger, spear gun), crab pot, beach seine (singapong) and largarete. Almost all of
the fishing gears are applicable all through out the year. Beach seine could be utilized the
whole year but May to October is the peak months. The most common species caught in
the area are: hasa hasa (crevalle), aligasin, garfish, half beak, batalay, alumahan, squid,
crabs, tirong, anchovy (dilis), padas, and talakitok. Squid jigger is used during bright
nights. Spear gun is used during dark nights.

In the 70’s, a fisher used to catch about 20 kilograms per fishing operation. It
was maintained until the 80’s. However, during the establishment of NAPOCOR in the
90’s, there was a sudden decline in fish catch which is allegedly due to the waste
materials discharged by the NAPOCOR. Another factor that contributed to the decrease
of fish catch was due to the illegal fishing activities and to the increase in the number of
fishermen. The trend continues up to the present. Sediments from fish cages due to
feeding and global warming are additional factors that caused the decrease of fish catch.

Establishment of fish sanctuary decreases the fishing area, but in the long run will
increase the production of fish stock.
 FISHING
JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC
GEAR/SPECIES

Largarete Hasa-hasa, alumahan, talakitok

Bagnet Tirong, dilis, padas

(singgapong)

Crab pot crabs

Any fish
Spear gun

Squid jigger Pusit

Palutang Hasa-hasa, talakitok, aligasin, banak, garfish, half-beak, batalay, alumahan

(drift gillnet)

Palubog Pusit, isdang bato, pating

(set gillnet)

WIND
RAINFALL

Amihan

Habagat

Tag-ulan

Tag-init

Figure 3. Calendar Diagram of Brgy. Bamban, Masinloc, Zambales

 Figure 4. Graph Showing the Trend in Fish Catch in Brgy. Bamban, Masinloc, Zambales

D. Institutional Aspects

1. Community Organizations

The following are the organizations present in the area:

People’s Organization When Formal or Main Functions/

(Pos) Established informal Area of concern
Farmers Irrigation Association 1990s informal
FARMC Inactive
Bantay Dagat (1 person) Active
BAFC (Newly organized) 2008 Formal
Samahang Kababaihan active livelihood

2. External Supporting Organizations

The following are agencies that support the community:

• Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources (BFAR)

• Department of Labor and Employment (DOLE)
 • Department of Social Welfare and Development (DSWD)
• Provincial Government of Masinloc
• Municipal Government of Masinloc (LGU)

People in Brgy. Bamban received several projects and privileges from the
Municipal Government of Masinloc and Provincial Government of Zambales. The
Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources (DA-BFAR) provided technical services
especially in seaweeds culture. The Department of Social Welfare and Development
(DSWD) extended their services during times of calamities. The Barangay Health
Worker (BHW) conducted information dissemination and health services for the
community.

Figure 5. Diagram Showing the Relationship of the Institutions to the

Community of Brgy. Bamban
E. Coastal Resource Management

The barangay has approximately 4 kilometers length of coastline. Coastal clean-

up activities are observed once in a year, sponsored by the Barangay Council.
Mangrove reforestation programs were conducted through the initiative of the LGU
and some private individuals. With the passage of the CRM (Coastal Resources
Management) Code of Masinloc, the use of triple/trammel net and compressor are
now prohibited in the area. Likewise, illegal fishing with the use of dynamite and
mangrove cutting is already controlled. Gathering of sea cucumber in some areas is
also limited because it might be damaging to the corals.

The barangay is observing proper waste management. Garbage is being collected

once in a week. However, there are some of members of the community who are still
burning their garbage or even throwing them to the sea. And there are also some
who are composting.

F. Law Enforcement

Brgy. Bamban has active Bantay Dagat members. Their operation is focused on
the existing sanctuary of Masinloc. It was mentioned that some of the community were
stubborn that they ignore the existing fisheries laws and they don’t participate on
activities or programs regarding Coastal Resources Management.
 II. Habitat Assessment

A. Coral Reef Habitat Assessment

1. Manta Tow Survey

Two manta tows were conducted in Brgy. Bamban, the first has 25% coral
cover while the second has 50% coral cover. Dead coral was dominant in the first
tow. The condition of the reef is fair having an average coral cover of 37.5 %.

Table 2. Result of Manta Tow Survey Conducted in Brgy. Bamban

Dead
Live
Tow Soft Dead Coral Other
Coordinates Hard Sand/Silt/Rubble Total
No. Coral Coral w/ Observations
Coral
Algae
1 15o 30’48" N 25 0 40 10 25 100
119o 57’41 "E
2 15o30’45 "N 50 0 10 20 20 100
119o57’08" E
Overall Average 37.5 0 25 15 22.5 100

Figure 6. Graph Showing the Percentage Coral Cover in Brgy. Bamban,

Using the Manta Tow Technique
 Table 3. Coral Reef Condition in Brgy. Bamban Using the Manta Tow Technique

LHC Total
SC DC
Tow (Live Live Reef
Coordinates (Soft (Dead
No. Hard Coral Condition
Coral) Coral)
Coral) Cover
1 15o 30’48" N 25 0 25 40 Fair
119o 57’41 "E
2 15o30’45 "N 50 0 50 10 Fair
119o57’08" E
Overall Average 37.5 0 37.5 25 Fair

2. Transect and Quadrat Method

The average percent cover in the two sampling stations is about 33.7 %. The
result shows that the coral reef area in Brgy. Bamban is in fair condition.
Rubbles (37%) and dead corals (3.5%) presently observed in the area could be
attributed the use of destructive fishing activities particularly the dynamite and
cyanide fishing. Dead coral with algae has an average cover of 5%. Abiotic
components such as sand and silt cover about 19.8% of quadrat.

Table 4. Percentage Coral Cover of Brgy. Bamban, Using Snorkel Survey

Live Dead
Transect Soft Dead Other
Hard Coral w/ Plants Rubble/Rock Sand/Silt Total
No. Coral Coral Animals
Coral Algae
1 17.4 0.0 3.5 6.0 2.0 0.0 56.5 14.6 100
2 50.0 3.5 3.5 4.0 1.0 56.5 17.5 25.0 100
Ave. 33.7 1.8 3.5 5.0 1.5 28.3 37.0 19.8
 Figure 7. Graph Showing the Average Percentage Coral Cover in
Brgy. Bamban, Using the Snorkel Survey

3. Line Intercept Method

Coral reef cover in Brgy. Bamban was generally in fair condition having an
average of 49.5% live coral cover. Soft corals were absent in the area. Dead
corals (27.25%) were mostly covered by assemblages of algae which indicate that
the corals had been dead for a long time. Sponges and other animal such as sea
urchins were also identified with an average of 1.25% and 7.5% respectively.
Abiotic components such as sand and silt were noted with an average of 14.5%.
Table 5. Average Percentage Coral and Benthic Cover
of Brgy. Bamban, Using Line-Intercept-Method
AVERAGE
Benthic lifeforms
%
Live hard coral 49.50%
Live soft coral 0.00%
white dead coral 0%
Dead coral with
algae 27.25%
Turt algae 0%
Fleshy microalgae 0%
Coralline algae 0%
sponges 1.25%
others animals 7.50%
Seagrass 0%
Rubble 0%
Rock 0% Figure 8. Figure Showing the Ave. Coral Cover of
Sand/Silt 14.50%
Brgy. Bamban, Using Line Intercept Method

B. Fish Visual Census

A total of 3 fish individuals were recorded belonging to the family of Letrinidae

(1.04%), which were considered as major reef carnivores. No reef herbivores were
observed. Indicator of hard coral species from the family Pomacentridae have a total
of 47 individuals that is the species of Damsel fish (6.32%), 3 individuals from the
family Nemipteridae (1.04% ) and family Chaetodontidae with 1 individual (0.35%).
Other families belonging to the family Apogonidae with 234 individuals was 81.25 %
from two sampling stations were observed.

In terms of fish abundance, Family Apogonidae were also dominant in stations 1

and 2 and it was followed by the family Pomacentridae.
 Table 6. Summary of Fish Species Identified, Counted and Size Estimated in Brgy.
Bamban, Masinloc, Zambales
English
Family Name Scientific Name Name Station 1 Station 2 TOTAL Average
Scolopsis
Nemipteridae bilineatus Coral breams 0 3 3 1.04%
Chaetodontidae Chaetodon auriga Butterfly fish 0 1 1 0.35%
Pomacentridae Chromis caudalis Damsel fish 16 31 47 16.32%
Letrinidae Letrinus argus Empebream 0 3 3 1.04%
Apogon
Apogonidae cyanosoma Cardinal fish 6 228 234 81.25%
TOTAL 22 266 288 100.00%
Legend:
<fishes> - major reef carnivores
[fishes] - major reef herbivores
Fishes - fishes which are indicators of hard corals

Figure 9. Graph Showing the Percentage of Fish Identified and Estimated in Brgy. Bamban
C. Seagrass Bed Habitat Assessment

Only one species of seagrass (Enhalus acoroides) was identified in Brgy.

Bamban. It was located in the shoreline of Barko with the water depth of 3 to 6 feet.
Bottom substrate is composed of mainly sand or silt and some presence of rubbles in
the area. Other organisms observed were starfish, sponges, sea serpents, sea urchins
and clam. Recruited live massive corals were also noted. Dead corals with algae
were also present. The seagrass bed is considered to be disturbed because there is
slight to moderate human impact in the area.

Figure 10. Graph Showing the Percentage Seagrass Cover in Brgy. Bamban
 Table 7. Percentage Seagrass Cover in Brgy. Bamban

Transect Quadrat %
Species Substrate Other Observation/s
No. No. Cover
1 1 Ea 5 Sandy DCA
2 0 0 Sandy DCA, seaurchin
3 Ea 80 Sandy DCA, seaurchin
Sea serpent, massive
4 Ea 60 Sandy coral
5 Ea 50 Sandy Sponge
6 Ea 1 Sandy DCA
7 0 0 Sandy
28
2 1 0 0 Sandy
2 0 0 Sandy Rubble
3 0 0 Sandy
4 0 0 Sandy DCA
Padina sp., sponge,
5 Ea 45 Sandy massive coral
6 Ea 30 Sandy Coral, starfish
7 0 0 Sandy DCA
11
3 1 0 0 Sandy
2 0 0 Sandy
3 0 0 Sandy Sponge, clam
4 0 0 Sandy
5 0 0 Sandy Rubble
6 0 0 Sandy Rubble
7 Ea 5 Sandy Rubble
1
D. Mangrove Forest Habitat Assessment

In Brgy. Bamban, Masinloc, Zambales, the mangrove site assessed was near the
road alongside the field station/office of BFAR. The mangrove site featured a thin but
long strip of mangrove along the coastline, with 20 transect lines measured, but with
only 1 quadrat each transect.. The total number of mangrove species identified and
measured was 161, mostly dominated by Rhizopora species. Height of the mangrove
species was measured at 4 meters (at the lowest) and 10 meters (at the highest) with
computed average height of 6.9 meters. Crown cover for each tree was computed as
.7854 (crown diameter)2, and the total crown diameter for all species measured was
631.46 m2. Getting the percent cover of all species, the total crown diameter (631.46
m2) was divided by 2,000 m2 (20 quadrats x 100 m2), and the computed percent
crown cover was 31.6 %.

Data collected on the seedlings and saplings (regenerations) per square meter
showed that a total of 33 species were identified/listed on a total of 60 plots. It was
computed that the regeneration per square meter in the mangrove assessment site is
.55 species per square meter.

Based on the mangrove habitat assessment criteria, Barangay Bamban was

found to be in FAIR condition based on the computed parameters derived
during the assessment.

Brgy. Bamban’s mangroves are still evident and noticeable, even when one passes
by the roadside. Protection of the mangrove area in the vicinity is an advantage to the
residents living adjacent to it due to the site’s exposure to tidal fluctuations along the
coastline.
 CRITERIA MANGROVE

PERCENT AVE. REGENERATION

CROWN HEIGHT PER SQ.METER
BARANGAY COVER (%) (meters) (No. of seedlings) CONDITION

Bamban 31.6 6.9 0.55 FAIR

III. COMMUNITY VISIONS

Fishing can no longer support the daily needs of fisherfolks, they want to have an
alternative livelihood especially on lean months to augment their income. Some of
the alternative livelihoods mentioned are backyard piggery, fish cage, sea weeds
farming and skills training on electronics.

They also want to have irrigation for farming. The existing irrigation dried up
during summer. The solution for this problem is dredging that may cause extra
expenditure for a small barangay like Bamban. Backyard farming could help them
produce vegetables and fruits for their daily consumption. They wish that the
government could provide seeds and other agricultural inputs. Barangay Bamban has
a pending resolution for farm to market road, 2.5 kilometers Mapait road and 2.5
kilometers Bolentin road.
 Participatory Coastal Resource Assessment
Barangay Bani, Masinloc, Zambales

I. DESCRIPTION OF THE STUDY AREA

A. Historical Sketch

Long ago, the place was isolated and heavily vegetated with sturdy shady
trees called “BANEE” which is often used for fuel or home building.

One summer day, a couple from agter came in search of a new home. At mid-
day, they rested under the shade of the trees and ate lunch. They found the place
for their liking and decided to make it their new home. After meal, they felt
stomach pain. Unaware of any cure, they boiled the bark and leaves of the trees
around them and drank the boiled water. They felt relieved and the pain vanished.
They discovered the medicinal effect of the “BANEE” and folks nearby learned
about it.

Some people from all around come to get leaves and branches for cure and
cutting for planting. Every time people come they would refer to “BANEE”, the
tree. Before long the word stretch and the word “BANEE” referred not only to
the tree but also as a place. Since then, the place has been known as “BANI”.

B. Biophysical Characteristics

1. Location

Barangay Bani is one of the coastal barangays of the Municipality of

Masinloc in the province of Zambales. It is bounded on the north by Lauis
River which separates Masinloc from Candelaria; on the south by Masinloc-
Oyon Bay; and on the west by the South China Sea. Barangay Bani has a
total land area of approximately 530 hectares.

The major transportation facilities used by the people in the area are
tricycle, bicycle and any other four wheel vehicle. Aside from this, Barangay
 Bani can be reached thru motorboat It takes about 15-20 minutes travel by
land to the mainland of Masinloc.

Figure 1. Location Map of Barangay Bani,Masinloc, Zambales

2. Topography

Bani is a beautiful place where the sea, the land and the mountain meet.
On the eastern side, one finds the mountainous area that undulate and flattens
towards the sea. The land is covered with loam clay and sandy soil and is
blessed with adequate water sources.
C. Socio-Cultural-Economic Characteristics

1. Population and Household Size

Barangay Bani has a total population of 3,401 (1,748 male and 1,655
female) and around 750 household (2008). It is divided into six purok or sitio
to wit;

Purok Population
• Bangal - 337
• Pag-asa - 551
• Relocation - 454
• Pulangi - 515
• Duhok - 670
• Little Baguio - 875

The average number of children in the family is 2-3. The couples in the
community (80% of the total married couples) are adopting various family
planning methods, both natural and artificial contraceptives. The most
common contraceptive they use is pills followed by injectables and then
condoms for males. Increased in population in the barangay is attributed both
to natural birth and migration due to work. At present, people working at
NAPOCOR are renting houses/apartments in the area.

Most parents have reached high school level. However due to financial
difficulty, have not finish their high school while most of their children
graduated from high school and are now pursuing their degree courses in the
university. The people have realized the importance of having toilets in the
house that is why almost all households in the barangays have constructed
their own comfort rooms. In terms of housing materials, 80% of the houses
made of GI sheets and only 20% of nipa/cogon grass. Likewise, 90% have
 concrete walls and the rest are made of wood/plywood. For windows, most of
the houses have jalousies and the floorings are already cemented.

The community’s major source of potable water are jetmatic/artesian well

and sometimes from NAPOCOR. According to the people, water is one of
the problems in the community that needs to be given immediate solution
because some are even buying their water which would mean additional
expenses for the family.

In terms of religious affiliation, about half of the population (50%) are

Catholics; 40% active Iglesia ni Cristo members and the rest comprises of
Baptist, Born Again and Protestants.

2. Community Resources

a. Physical Infrastructures
The community infrastructures present in the area are the following:
• School
 Public Elementary School
 Public High School
 Day Care Center
 Good Shepherd Learning School
• Health Care
 Bani Health Center
 Relocation Health Center
• Recreation Facilities
 Bani Covered Court
 NPC recreation center
 Senior’s Citizens Hall
 • Barangay Hall
• Barangay Roads and bridges
 Provincial road (Pag-asa to Bangal)
 Purok duhok road
 Purok little Baguio to relocation road
 Purok pulangi road
 Purok little Baguio bridges
 Purok pulangi bridge
• Baywalk

The major communication facilities that are often used by the people
in the community are cellular phones and hand-held radios.

b. Natural Resources

Brgy. Bani has coastal resources like mangrove area, beaches,

seagrass beds and reef shoals. These resources serve as a source of food
and income for the villagers that have access to these resources. Aside
from these coastal resources, other sources of aquatic organisms include
fishponds and small streams and rivers in the village. The presence of fish
sanctuary in the area and the imposition of no fishing zones are recognized
as access-related issues by villagers, the latter more so, but it is generally
felt that access to aquatic resources is not constrained. Many villagers are
dependent upon the National Power Corporation (NPC) as their source of
employment, however most of the households in the fishing community
still rely on farming (rice, vegetables, etc) and fishing as either their
primary or secondary occupation. This same corporation is also being
blamed for the pollution and eventually for the rapid degradation of their
coastal resources as perceived by the villagers especially in the fishing
communities.
Figure 2. Community Resources Map
 Table 1. Transect Walk Diagram
Brgy. Bani, Masinloc, Zambales

Habitat Lowland Bakawan Aplaya Damuhan Bahura

Management Settlement (Mangrove) (Beach) (Sea grass) (Reefs Shoal)
Parameter Area
Mga Likas na Mango trees, Samaral, Shells, clams, Samaral, Shells Balat (sea
Kayamanan coconuts, pigs, talakitok, oysters, coconut (opiang), balat (sea cucumber),
chickens, Mangrove trees, sea cucumber), capiz, octopus, squid,
(Natural goats. Cows, trees, crabs cucumber, seaweeds shells (cockles),
Resources) vegetables (alimango), seaweeds (arosep)blue crabs, lobsters, seaweeds,
sapsap, pandan milkfish
trees

Mga Uri ng Employment at Mangrove Resorts/hotels, Harvesting and Tourism

Hanapbuhay, Mga NPC, retail cutting, wood traditional selling of the above (snorkeling/diving),
Pagkakataon stores, gathering, gleaning, fish mentioned fishing, gleaning,
(Types of livestock and charcoal drying, shell resources, sea sea cucumber
Livelihood, poultry raising, making, fishing collection cucumber drying collection,
opportunities) mango orchard, and processing,

Mga Suliranin Lack of Mangrove Solid wastes, Feed residuals from Coral bleaching,
(Problems/ Issues) livelihood, cutting, solid beach erosion, nearby cages, suspended solids,
wastes poor water feed residuals,
quality
3. Livelihood
Major source of income in the community are farming and fishing. Half of
the population are engaged in fishing and around 40% are into farming (palay is
the major crop being planted) while the rest are involved in mango spraying
which is a seasonal job. Since income from fishing cannot fully meet/sustain the
needs of the family at the moment, the fishermen as well as the farmers especially
during lean months are also working as laborers in NAPOCOR. Income from
fishing is estimated at P300/day during peak season while during lean months,
catch is only good for the day’s meal. The daily wage in NAPOCOR on the other
hand is around P300/day and usually only male members of the community are
being hired as laborers. For mango sprayer, income is based on percentage of the
total harvest.

There are 53 full time fishers in the area. However not all of them have their
own fishing bancas. On the other hand, there are approximately ______
municipal fishing boats, wherein ______ are motorized and more or less ______
are non-motorized boats.

The other non-farm sources of income of the community are the following:

• Doormat making
• Sari-sari store
• Rice cake making
• Overseas workers
• Fish and meat processing
• Pastillas making
• Government service
 At present, there are livelihood projects existing in the area such as seaweeds
farming which was sponsored by BFAR 3 and the very popular Grameen style of
lending. The lending project is a private-sector initiative. Other lending
institutions operating in the area are the Producers bank, DSPI and the moneyline
lending.

4. Fisheries Activities

The calendar diagram below illustrates the common fishing gears being used in
the area: drive-in net, set gill net, multiple longline, spear gun and squid jigger.
The common fish species that are caught are garfish, talakitok, alumahan,
snapper, bisugo, squid, reef fishes such as lapu-lapu and half beak while the
common shells being gathered and cultured in the are red cockle, mussel, capiz
and elephant shell. Other organisms present are sea cucumber although in limited
number, sea urchin,star fish and seaweeds (Euchema sp.) The rainfall and wind
direction for the entire year are also presented in the calendar diagram.

The trend diagram on the other hand shows the trend of catch from 1980’s to
the present. The decline in fish catch was very evident in the graph wherein catch
in 1990s reached 23 kgs per day per fisherman but come early 2000, the catch
abruptly went down to 12 kgs. per day per fisherman. The decline continues until
this time wherein most of the times, fishermen catch are only good for one day’s
viand of their family. This decline are attributed to degradation of coastal
environment and the increasing number of fishermen fishing in the same area.
The intrusion of fishermen from other municipalities and province also contribute
to the problem.
Figure 2. Showing the Result of Calendar Diagramming conducted in Brgy. Bani,
Masinloc , Zambales
Figure 3. Graph Showing the Catch (kg/person/day) vs. Fishing Years in Brgy. Bani,
Masinloc, Zambales
 D. Institutional Aspects

1. Community Organizations

People’s Date Formal or Main Functions/Area

Organizations Established Informal of Concern

Nagkakaisang Mamamayan 2003 (inactive Formal Conservation

para sa Kalikasan ng Bani at present)
(NMKB)

Bantay Dagat Formal Law Enforcement and

Conservation

Based from the table presented, the community has no existing people’s
organizations aside from the Bantay Dagat. The only formal group established in 2003
was inactive at present. This only show that the community needs assistance on this area
since the fisherfolk are willing to be organized

The most influential people in the community according to the people are the
barangay officials. They are considered powerful because of their status as politicians.

E. Coastal Resource Management Activities

The only coastal resource management activity being undertaken in the community
is the mangrove reforestation which was sponsored by NAPOCOR. The area is also a
site for a Marine Sanctuary but the fishermen and community members are not aware that
a fish sanctuary is actually a Coastal resource Management project. The people are not
also active when it comes to participation in CRM-related activities. Therefore, to
encourage the people to actively participate, here is a need to educate them on what is
CRM and its various activities as well as the benefits it can give to the community.
 The people on the other hand are very aware of the activities which are prohibited in
fishing such as dynamite and cyanide fishing because according to them they damage the
corals. Likewise, the existing activities in the barangay which according to them are
causing damage to the coastal area are the fish cages, fishing inside the sanctuary and the
improper waste disposal. At present the community’s system of waste disposal is open
dumpsite wherein when there is heavy rains, the wastes/garbage from the households and
mountains go directly to the sea. When asked what are the suggested CRM solutions to
the above-mentioned problems, the people mentioned the strict enforcement of fishery
laws and the control (minimize) the numbers of fish cages operating in the area.

F. Law Enforcement

At present the existing law enforcement groups operating in the area are the deputized
Bantay Dagat, coastguards and the PNP although the last two groups are operating
municipal-wide. In terms of enforcement of fishery laws, rules and regulations, the
community still needs to further strengthen its enforcement activities because there are
reports of fishing inside the sanctuary during night and dawn, which is prohibited. The
fisherman who reported this incident is afraid to report it to the proper authorities because
he feared for his life and of his loved ones. The barangay council as well as the municipal
government must adopt therefore a protection program for those who will report illegal
activities.
II. HABITAT ASSESSMENT

A. Coral Reef Assessment

1. Manta Tow

Approximately 250 meters of the coastline was surveyed using the Manta
Tow technique.

The coral reefs inspected were primarily of the fringing type, which
outlines the shallow margins of the survey sites, where coral development
generally extend to about 6-9 m depths. Coral reefs in the area do not extend
beyond 300 meters from the shoreline. Average percentage cover from the three
(3) sampling stations were composed of about 30% of live hard corals, 8.3% of
soft corals, 36.6% of dead corals and 35% of sand, silt and rubble.

Table 2. Result of Manta Tow Conducted in Sitio Duhok, Barangay Bani, Masinloc,
Zambales
%
%
LHC % SC % DC Sand/
Total Reef
No. Coordinates (Live (Soft (Dead Silt/
(Live Condition
Hard Coral) Coral) Rubble
Coral)
Coral)
15°34’27” 15 0 15 50 20 Poor
1
119°54’56”
15°34’23” 40 15 55 30 5 Good
2
119°54’35”
15°33’40” 35 10 45 30 10 Fair
3
119°54’31”
Overall
30 8.3 38.3 36.6 35 Fair
Average
Figure 4. Result of Manta Tow Conducted in Sitio Duhok, Barangay Bani,
Masinloc, Zambales

2. Snorkel Survey Result

Three (3) sampling stations were established in the area, where Station 1
and 2 were located within the Marine Fish Sanctuary while station 3 was
conducted outside the sanctuary. In Station 1 it has a poor coral cover with 15%
live coral cover and is also found to have the highest percentage of dead coral
with algae with about 37% cover as compared with Stations 2 and 3 having 7.5%
and 0.5%, respectively. While in Station 2, it was observed to have good coral
cover having 51.5% and in Station 3, to have fair coral cover on both hard and
soft coral with 34.5%.

The Average Percentage Cover of live coral present in the area is about
33.6%. Rubbles and rocks has 34.7%, dead corals has 29.3% and Sand and silt
has 0.3%. Plants were also observed in the area with an average of 3%.
Table 3. Result of Snorkel Survey using Transect Method Conducted in Brgy. Bani,
Masinloc, Zambales

Rubbl San
Trans. LH DC Plant Other
SC DC e/Roc d/Sil
No. C A s Observations
k t
1 12.0 3.0 24.0 37.0 5.5 19.5 0.0
2 38.0 13.5 13.0 7.5 0.0 30.0 0.0
3 23.0 11.5 6.0 0.5 3.5 54.5 1.0
Averag
e% 24.3 9.3 14.3 15.0 3.0 34.7 0.3
Cover

Figure 5. Graph Showing the Result of Snorkel Survey using Transect Method
Conducted in Brgy. Bani, Masinloc, Zambales
 3. Line Intercept Technique (LIT) Result

The area was observed to have a fair condition with an average of 33%
live coral (both hard and soft coral) cover. Soft corals were only present in
Station 2 with 3.5% cover (average of 1.17 %).

Dead corals having an average of 53% were mostly fouled by mixed

assemblages of algal turfs and coralline algae which indicate that the corals had
been dead for a long time.

The highest recorded presence of sand and silt was in Station 1 with 21%
cover, followed by Station 3 with 2% cover but is absent in Station 2, with an
overall average of 7.67%. White dead coral and rubbles were also noticed in the
area with an average of 5.3%, and 1% cover, respectively.

Figure 6. Graph Showing the Result of Line Intercept Technique using Transect
Method Conducted in Brgy. Bani, Masinloc, Zambales
 Table 4. Result of Line Intercept Technique using Transect Method
Conducted in Brgy. Bani, Masinloc, Zambales
STATION 1 STATION 2 STATION 3
Benthic
TOTAL
Lifeforms/Coral Reef No. of No. of AVE %
No. of Estimated Estimated Estimated %
Components Sampling Sampling
Sampling Pts. % Cover % Cover % Cover
Pts. Pts.
Live hard coral 44 22.00% 76 38.00% 71 35.50% 95.50% 31.83%
Live soft coral 0 0.00% 7 3.50% 0 0.00% 3.50% 1.17%
White dead coral 0 0.00% 32 16.00% 0 0.00% 16.00% 5.33%
Dead coral with algae 114 57.00% 79 39.50% 125 62.50% 159.00% 53.00%
Turt algae 0 0.00% 0 0.00% 0 0.00% 0.00% 0.00%
Fleshy microalgae 0 0.00% 0 0.00% 0 0.00% 0.00% 0.00%
Coralline algae 0 0.00% 0 0.00% 0 0.00% 0.00% 0.00%
Sponges 0 0.00% 0 0.00% 0 0.00% 0.00% 0.00%
Others animals 0 0.00% 0 0.00% 0 0.00% 0.00% 0.00%
Seagrass 0 0.00% 0 0.00% 0 0.00% 0.00% 0.00%
Rubble 0 0.00% 6 3.00% 0 0.00% 3.00% 1.00%
Rock 0 0.00% 0 0.00% 0 0.00% 0.00% 0.00%
Sand/Silt 42 21.00% 0 0.00% 4 2.00% 23.00% 7.67%
TOTAL 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00%
 B. Fish Visual Census

A total of 149 fish individuals were estimated and identified within the three
(3) sampling sites.

Based on estimated counts of fish species from three sampling stations, a total
of 31 individuals were recorded belonging to the family Acanthuridae which is 20.8
% average, 27 individuals from the family Scaridae (18.1% ), in terms of major reef
herbivores.

Indicator of hard coral species from the family Chaetodontidae have 34

individuals which is 25.4 %, 53 individuals from the family Pomacentridae (35.6% )
that are the species of Damsel fish and Sergent fish , 4 individuals from the family
Zanclidae (2.7% ), and family Mulidae with 14 individual each had the same
percentage of 9.4%.

Major reef carnivores’ obseserved species from the family Serranidae have 4
individuals with 2.7 % (Table 5 ).

In terms of fish abundance, Family Pomacentridae Acanthuridae were also

dominant in stations 1, 2 and 3 and it was followed by the family Acanthuridae and
Scaridae (Table 5).

Table 5. Result of Fish Species Identified, Counted and Size Estimated from three
(3) Sampling StationsConducted in Sitio Duhok, Barangay Bani, Masinloc,
Zambales.
Sampling
Family Name Scientific Name English Name TOTAL
STN 1 STN 2 STN 3
Acanthuridae Acanthurus sp Surgeon fish 15 0 16 31
Scaridae Scarus sp. Parrot fish 8 7 12 27
Mullidae Parapenius sp Goat fishes 2 8 4 14
Pomacentridae Abudefduf sp. Sergent fish 6 24 15 45
Pomacentridae Chromis sp. Dalsel fish 4 4 0 8
Chaetondontidae Chaetodon sp. Butterfly fish 0 13 3 16
Grouper/ Lapu-
Serranidae Epinephelus sp. Lapu 0 1 3 4
Zanclidae Zanclus cornutus Moorish idol 0 4 0 4
35 61 53 149
Figure 7. Graph Showing the Result of Fish Species Identified, Counted and Size
Estimated from three(3) Sampling Stations Conducted in Sitio Duhok, Barangay
Bani, Masinloc, Zambales.

Figure 8. Graph Showing the Result of Fish Species Abundant in Barangay Bani,
Masinloc, Zambales.
 C. Seagrass Assessment

The sampling site is located in Baybay Dagat, Sitio Dujoc, in Brgy. Bani.
Water depth is about 2 to 3 feet. Ribbon seagrass (Cymodocea rotunda) was found to
be the common species in the area and some Eel seagrass species (Enhalus acoroides)
were also observed. The sediments were composed mostly of rocks and dead corals
with algae. Coral bleaching was also noticed. The area is considered to be altered
seagrass beds.

Table 6. Seagrass species present in Barangay Bani, Masinloc, Zambales

Transect Quadrat
Species % Cover Substrate Other Observation/s
No. No.
1 0 Cr 1% Sandy Big rocks
1 Cr 10% Sandy Coral rock
2 Cr 10% Sandy Big rocks
Presence of algae and big
3 Cr 5% Sandy rock
4 Cr 2% Sandy Coral bleaching
5 Cr 2% Sandy Big rocks/algae
6 Cr 2% Sandy Coral bleaching/big rock
Total 5%
2 0 Cr 10% Sandy Big rocks
1 Cr 10% Sandy Presence of shell/algae
2 Cr 40% Sandy Presence of shell/big rock
3 Cr 40% Sandy Presence of starfish,algae
4 Cr 30% Sandy Presence of algae
Presence of dead
5 Cr 75% Sandy shell/algae
6 Cr 5% Sandy Rocky
Total 30%
3 0 Cr/Ea 41% Sandy Big rock
1 Cr/Ea 65% Sandy Big rock,dead shell
2 Cr/Ea 70% Sandy Big rocks
3 Cr 50% Sandy Big rocks
Presence of dead
4 Cr 40% Sandy shell/algae
5 Cr 60% Sandy Rock
Very rocky with coral
6 Cr 5% Sandy bleaching
47%
T1 5 Altered seagrass beds:
T2 30 Low species diversity, permanently and completely changed
T3 47 and converted into other coastal uses like fishponds, landfill,
Total 82 or heavily impacted by sedimentation and physical damage.
Ave 27.33

D. Mangrove Assessment

During the mangrove habitat assessment in Brgy. Bani, Masinloc, Zambales,

a mangrove site beside the river near the sea were assessed. Four transect lines were
measured with only 7 quadrats identified. The total number of mangrove species
identified and measured was only 63, mostly dominated by Rhizopora species.
Height of the mangrove species was measured at 1 meter (at the lowest) and 16
meters (at the highest) with computed average height of 6.4 meters. Crown cover
for each tree was computed as .7854 (crown diameter)2, and the total crown diameter
for all species measured was 969.43 m2. Getting the percent cover of all species, the
total crown diameter (969.43 m2) was divided by 700 m2 (7 quadrats x 100 m2), and
the computed percent crown cover was 138%.

Data collected on the seedlings and saplings (regenerations) per square meter
showed that a total of 24 species were identified/listed on a total of 21 plots. It was
computed that the regeneration per square meter in the mangrove assessment site is
1.14 species per square meter.

Noticeable mangroves in the area stretched for a long and varied species of
mangrove and beach type species that already adopted and thrive in the area. Species
of Rhizoporas along the river bank are well protected and the presence of the Marine
Protected Area in the vicinity also may have contributed to the protection of the
mangroves and awareness of the residents living along its coastline. A few cuttings
may be seen, but the survival and general condition of the site will continue in its
present state as long as the protection and level of the residents’ awareness remain.
 Therefore, based on the categories on the condition of the mangrove area
assessed, computed figures (see table below) revealed that the mangrove site assessed
in Barangay Bani is generally in Excellent Condition, with only slight disturbances
and few cuttings in the site. This may be attributed to be located near the Marine
Protected Area where the mangrove site is well protected and already adopted to the
general condition of the area.

BARANGAY % CROWN AVE. HEIGHT Regeneration/ m2

COVER

Bani 138 % 6.4 meters 1.4

III. COMMUNITY VISIONS

Due to some issues and problems that the community is facing such as, depletion
of marine resources, lack of livelihood opportunities, improper waste disposal, and
lack of potable water, developmental projects were proposed by the locals of Bani,
these are as follows:

1. Construction/Establishment of a community water system where people

can have access to potable water.
2. Provision of livelihood projects because according to them income from
fishing is not stable. Potential livelihood activities that the people have
mentioned which are possible in their area are putting up a sari-sari store,
fishery value-adding especially for women and the cage culture of siganids
which are basically herbivorous species. The people mentioned that the
cages presently operating in nearby community are causing problems in
their fishing operation. They believed that the feeds are causing pollution
in the water which in return contributes to water pollution.
3. Solid waste management program.
 The people of Bani envisioned of a progressive community with economically
self-sufficient and socially empowered constituents governed by efficient and
dynamic leaders towards a peaceful community upholding environmental protection
and a well-balanced ecology.
 Participatory Coastal Resource Assessment
Barangay Collat Masinloc, Zambales

I. DESCRIPTION OF THE STUDY AREA

A. Historical Sketch

1. Location

Barangay Collat before was swampy and rocky and the community used
to walk going to the town proper of Masinloc. Their means of transportation was
“balsa” or raft that crosses the river. A young man who passed by at the swampy
area noticed a vine growing in the area, which later on, decided to flatten the area
and build his own house. In 1927, the place was named as “Cullat” derived from
the plant that can be found only in the area. While working, the people discovered
antiques from the Spanish and Japanese period and equally divided the treasures
to their selves. They used their money in farming, fishing and “nipa” making. In
1956, public school made of bamboo with two class rooms was built.

B. Biophysical Characteristics

1. Location

Barangay Collat is bounded by the two barangays (Baloganon and

Inhobol). It is the third barangay of Masinloc from the northbound and on the
westbound is the mountain range connecting the province of Tarlac and
Pangasinan. China Sea is at the eastern side of the barangay. It has a total land
area of sixty six (66) hectares.
 L

Figure 1. Location Map of Brgy. Collat, Masinloc, Zambales (www.mapcentral.ph)

2. Climate and Soil Characteristics

Barangay Collat has two pronounced seasons, dry season from middle of
March to middle of May and wet season from mid-late of May to early October.
Early occupations of the inhabitants were farming and fishing. Soil types in the
area are loam, sandy and clay, which is very suitable for agriculture.

C. Socio Cultural-Economic Characteristics

1. Population and Household Size

As of 2007, total population of Brgy. Collat is two thousand nine hundred

seventy nine (2,979). Approximately, one thousand five hundred thirty five
(1,535) or 52% of the population were males while one thousand four hundred
 forty four (1,444) or 48% were females and a total of five hundred ninety five
(595) households. (Barangay Profile, 2007)

Table 1. Table Showing the Number of Households and the Total Population of Brgy.
Collat Per Purok based on Barangay Profile (2007)

Purok Households Total

I 45 204

II 66 400

III 78 384

IV 118 632

V 108 456

VI 110 561

VII 70 342

Average number of children in the family is four (4). With the help of
Barangay Health Worker (BHW), many couples have already the knowledge on
the importance of family planning. About thirty percent (30%) of married
couples is practicing family planning methods. The most commonly used
contraceptive methods are injectables, pills, rhythm or natural method, ligation,
IUD, condom and withdrawal. Increase in population is attributed to natural
birth. Migration by Bisaya, Ilocano and Muslim also contribute to population
raise.
 Approximately, fifty percent (50%) of the community are practicing
Catholic faith and the rest are devoted to Muslim beliefs and Iglesia ni Cristo,
Baptists, and Mormons.

The educational attainment of Brgy. Collat population is similar to that of

many other barangays in the Municipality of Masinloc with the vast majority of
the population having completed secondary education. The parents reached high
school level and some were high school graduates but there were also few who
just completed the primary level. The children usually reached high school and
college level/graduate at present. They believed that children of their fellow
fishermen who operate their own boats are most likely to have bigger chance of
finishing their education and earn a degree. Scholarship offered by politician
(congressman) before was also a big help for sending their children to universities
or colleges.

Houses in Barangay Collat are about 70% made of G.I. sheets and 30% of
nipa or cogon for roofing. Wood or plywood is the common window in the
barangay and comprises of about 50%. Flooring materials are usually made of
bamboo (60%) and cement. There are cases of some community members who
rent houses but many are unable to pay their monthly dues. At the barangay
proper, almost all of the houses have toilets. Along the riverside, about 95% of
houses have no toilets. Since the community learned the importance of sanitation,
they suggested of having a public toilet as a social project for the community.

About 80% of the household relies on NAWASA as their most common

source of water in the locality. In addition, jetmatic or artesian wells were also
present in the area.
2. Community Resources

a. Physical Infrastructure

Community infrastructures present in Barangay Collat are:

• Barangay Health Center • Multi-purpose Hall

• Church • Elementary School
• Barangay Hall • 5 Feeder Road

b. Natural Resources

Brgy. Collat is mainly an agricultural land, which are mostly planted with
rice, however there are substantial number of fishermen living in the area.
Aquatic resources include the river, small streams, mangrove area (mostly
nipa palms) and estuarine area which is mainly use for transportation activities
and docking area for boats. The fishermen have access to the coastal resources
of its neighboring barangays. The river, which is lined with nipa palms, are
utilized mainly for the collection of nipa leaves that are made into roofing
materials and are being sold in the markets not only in Masinloc but in the
neighboring towns as well.
 3. Livelihood

Fishing, farming (growing of vegetables), and nipa making are some of

the common sources of income of the people of barangay Collat. Fish vending
for fishermen’s families is an additional income, while the Muslim community
deals with marketing in the public market. Other families on the other hand
derive their income from rearing of animals, provision of manual labor, boat
making, net mending and making, selling of goods in stores and buying and
selling of mangoes.

Table 2
TRANSECT WALK DIAGRAM
Brgy. Collat, Masinloc, Zambales

Habitat Lowland Bakawan Ilog (River) Bukana

Management Settlement Area (Estuarine)
Parameter (Mangrove)

Mga Likas na Mango trees, nipa Bakawan, nipa, Shells, clams, Samaral, Shells
Kayamanan palm, coconuts, crabs (alimango), oysters, (opiang),blue
pigs, chickens, sapsap, lukan coconut trees, crabs, mudcrabs,
(Natural bananas, (clams) opiang, nipa palms shrimps,
Resources) vegetables, rice suso (snails) (sasa) malakapas, hapal,
farms

Mga Uri ng retail stores, nipa Mangrove Traditional Harvesting and

Hanapbuhay, (pawid) making, cutting, wood gleaning, shell selling of the
Mga boat making, fish gathering, collection, above mentioned
Pagkakataon processing, charcoal making, transport resources, sea
(Types of fishing, rice/ fishing cucumber drying
Livelihood, vegetable farming and processing,
opportunities)

Mga Suliranin Lack of Mangrove Solid wastes, Eutrophication due

(Problems/ alternative cutting, solid poor water to heavy siltation.
Issues) livelihood, eroded wastes, domestic quality,
sediments from wastes domestic
upland wastes
 More or less, there are two hundred (200) fisherfolk in Barangay Collat
with one hundred (100) motorized bancas. Fishing boat owners are registered
municipal fisherfolks.

Fisherfolks exclaimed that their daily income decreases due to the decline
in fish catch and continuous oil price hike. Their operating expenses are
estimated of one thousand five hundred pesos per fishing operation (P1500/trip).
They suggested fishing modernization training to be conducted in order to
develop their fishing techniques and reduce fishing effort. Fishermen with no
capital to start-up will tend to borrow money from a financer. The fish caught
will then be sold to the financer and with this set-up, the financer has the power to
control the price. However, the financer has to take the risk of not being paid
because there is no assurance of having a good fish catch. People of Barangay
Collat considered the fish purchasers as the influential stakeholders in the
community.

Women of Barangay Collat have attended training on meat processing.

Backyard piggery, poultry and cottage industries are the suggested livelihood
projects that could augment their daily income.

4. Fishing Activities

Calendar diagram illustrates seasonality of fishing gear used, and species

caught. Fishing operation is done all through out the year. The most common
fishing gears used are kawil, pana, largarete and squid jigger. Galunggong, pusit,
danggit, mulmol, lapu-lapu, dalagang bukid, tambakol, bariles and tuna species
are the common species caught. All fishers in Barangay Collat used municipal
fishing boat but due to scarcity of catch, they now operate deep sea fishing.
Fishers go as far as forty nautical miles (40NM). Municipal waters on the other
hand served as training ground for the younger generation. They usually fish
near the “payao” or fish aggregating device to lessen fishing effort and they are
 FISHING
JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC
GEAR/SPECIES

Largarete/Drift gillnet galunggong

Pamusit/Squid jigger
pusit
Pana/Spear

Isdang bato (danggit, mulmol, lapu-lapu, dalagang bukid)

Kawil/Hook and line

Tambakol, galunggong, bariles (tuna species)

WIND
RAINFALL

Amihan

Habagat

Tag-ulan

Tag-init

Figure 2. Calendar Diagram of Brgy. Collat, Masinloc, Zambales

also positive that there are fish within the area. Fisherfolks of Barangay Collat
are aspiring for a “payao” to improve their daily catch.

From the 1970’s to 1980’s there were more than 40 kg of fish catch per
fishing operation since there were only few (about 20) fishing boats being used in
the area. However, from the year 1980, fishing boats started to multiply from 40
to more than 100 boats in the year 2000, which is inversely proportional with the
fish catch (ranging from 30 to 20kg). Due to the accession in the number of
fisherfolks, the matured fish species of the commercially or targeted species
started to decline. This is the reason why they catch even the small, juvenile and
even the breeders. Due to declining fish catch coupled with the increase in
gasoline price, the number of fisherfolk started to decrease in 2000. At present,
there are only about 50 boats and fish catch was ranging from 5 to 10 kg which is
just enough for sustenance.

Figure 3. Diagram Showing the Trend of Fish Catch in

Brgy. Collat Masinloc, Zambales
 D. Institutional Aspects

1. Community Organizations
The people’s organizations presently operating in Barangay Collat are
presented in a table below:

Table 2. People’s Organization Present in Brgy. Collat, Masinloc, Zambales

People’s Organization When Formal or Main Functions/area of concern

(Pos) Established informal
North Riverside Multi- 1980 Registered Financed by TLRC, no longer
Purpose Coop functional, deep sea fishing
Samahang Mangingisda 34 years ago Not registered River clean-up
ng Riverside (1975)

2. External Supporting Organizations

The following are agencies that support the community:

• Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources (BFAR)

• Department of Agriculture (DA)
• Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR)
• Department of Social Welfare and Development (DSWD)
• Municipal Government of Masinloc (LGU)

People of Barangay Collat recognized the services of the Department of Social

Welfare and Development (DSWD) during time of calamities (typhoon, flood). The
services extended by the Local Government Unit (LGU) of Masinloc and the
Department of Agriculture-Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources (DA-BFAR)
need to be strengthened according to the people while the services of the Department
of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR) was seldom felt by the community.
Figure 4. Diagram Showing the Relationship of Different Institutions to the Community of
Brgy. Collat

E. Coastal Resource Management

Barangay Collat has no coastal area, thus it has river and estuary. The “Samahang
Mangingisda ng Riverside”, an informal organization regularly conduct river clean up
for almost thirty four years. People of Barangay Collat identified solid waste
management as a major problem in the community due to the closure of landfill.
With this, the Municipal Government has ordered all the barangays to segregate their
waste materials and provide waste cans with proper labels. Another concern is the
nickel mining in Masinloc which will affect the drinking water and will eventually
drive away fishes in the future. At present, the barangay has a pending request for
coastal clean-up and mangrove reforestation.
 The community is aware of the municipal ordinance (Municipal Ordinance 92-08
or CRM Code) regarding Prohibited Gears and Activities in the Coastal Waters of
Masinloc. The following activities and gears are sated in Municipal Ordinance 92-
08.

• All illegal fishing gears stated in RA 8550

• Use of compressor
• Use of fine mesh net with mesh size less than 3 cm.
• Use of double net
• Triple nets
• Kunay
• Kayakas
• Libaliba
• Sinsoro
• Karukod
• Burnas
• Unregistered Fishers
• Fishing without license and permits
• Dumping of wastes
• Direct discharge of human and animal wastes
• Mangrove cutting
• Gathering of aquarium fish
• Fishing inside the marine protected areas
• Other activities that may potentially contribute to the decrease in water
quality such as unregulated tourism activities.
• Overfeeding and overstocking in mariculture/aquaculture operations and
livestock rising near coastal areas.
 E. Law Enforcement

The barangay has an active “Bantay Dagat”, even if there is no coast surrounding
it. The respondents categorized the level of enforcement as well as the compliance to
law enforcement as very strong. Likewise, it is mentioned that some law enforcers
are also law breakers.

II. Habitat Assessment

A. Coral Reef Habitat Assessment

Based on manta tow survey, no natural reefs were present in Brgy. Collat. Sand
and silt covers most of the area. This might be due to siltation mainly to sediment-
laden water run-offs from the land and sewage discharge coming from the household.
Strong underwater current was also noted that resulted to murky waters coming from
the mouth of the river.

B. Fish Visual

A total of 3 fish individuals were recorded in two sampling stations belonging to

the family of Theraponidae (100 %), which were considered as indicator of hard coral
species. No reef herbivore and reef carnivore was observed during the fish visual
census conducted in the area.

Table 3. Result of Fish Visual Census in Brgy. Collat

Sampling Stations
Family Average
Name Scientific Name English Name TOTAL %
Station 1 Station 2
Theraponidae Therapon jarbua Three line Therapon 2 1 3 100
TOTAL 2 1 3 100.00
 C. Seagrass Habitat Assessment
No Seagrass species were present since there is no actual coastal marine area.

D. Mangrove Habitat Assessment

During the mangrove habitat assessment in Brgy. Collat, Masinloc, Zambales, a

mangrove site dominated by Nipa species near the sea were assessed. Six transect
lines were measured with a total of 40 quadrats identified. The total number of
mangrove species identified and measured was 779 trees , mostly dominated by Nipa
species. Height of the mangrove species was measured at 1 meter (at the lowest) and
20 meters (at the highest, non-Nipa species) with computed average height of 2.5
meters. Crown cover for each tree was computed as .7854 (crown diameter)2, and the
total crown diameter for all species measured was 2,473 m2. Getting the percent cover
of all species, the total crown diameter (2,473 m2) was divided by 4,000 m2 (40
quadrats x 100 m2), and the computed percent crown cover was 62 %.

Data collected on the seedlings and saplings (regenerations) per square meter
showed that a total of 72 species were identified/listed on a total of 120 plots. It was
computed that the regeneration per square meter in the mangrove assessment site is .6
species per square meter.

Based on the mangrove habitat assessment criteria, Barangay Collat was

found to be in FAIR condition based on the computed parameters derived
during the assessment.

CRITERIA MANGROVE

PERCENT
CROWN AVE. REGENERATION
Barangay COVER HEIGHT PER SQ.METER CONDITION

(%) (METERS) (NO. OF SDLGS.)

Collat 62 2.5 0.6 FAIR

III. COMMUNITY VISIONS

Due to the decline of fish catch, oil price hike and increase in the number of
fishermen, fishers of Barangay Collat are dreaming of having their own bancas for their
fishing operations as well as “payaos” or fish aggregating device that will serve as
shelter, habitat and source of food for fish species to decrease fishing effort and
operational cost. Payao is also ecologically sound, locally-sourced technology and
complements coastal resource management. They also proposed to have fishing
modernization training to improve their fishing operations.

In addition, livelihoods specifically for women, poultry, backyard piggery and

cottage industry are the recommended livelihood suitable in the community.
 Participatory Coastal Resource Assessment
Barangay Inhobol Masinloc, Zambales

I. DESCRIPTION OF THE STUDY AREA

A. Historical Sketch

Barangay Inhobol is formerly part of Barangays South Poblacion, Agop-op and

Bamban. It was the latest created barangay initiated by the Barangay Captain of
South Poblacion Fernando F. Elamparo and sponsored in the Municipal Council by
Municipal Councilor Engr. Porfirio V. Luistro as per Municipal Resolution No. 55,
dated August 10, 1968.

B. Biophyphical Characteristics

1. Location

Barangay Inhobol lies between the coordinates of 15º31’20” North and

119º57’49” East. It is adjacent to the Poblacion on the West, bounded by
Barangay Collat on the Northwest, separated by Mamacoy Road, Barangay Sta.
Rita at the Northeast separated by Vega creek, Zambales Mountain on the East
and Barangay Bamban on the South, separated by Lomboy Creek and Masinloc
Bay. The area of the Barangay is approximately 13.2 km2.
 Figure 1. Location Map of Brgy. Inhobol, Masinloc, Zambales

2. Climate and Soil Characteristics

Barangay Inhobol has two pronounced seasons, dry season from March to
the middle of May and wet season from mid-late of May to early October. Soil
type in the area is clay.

C. Socio Cultural-Economic Characteristics

1. Population and Household Size

Barangay North Poblacion has a total population of seven thousand five

hundred nine (7,509). Three thousand eight hundred sixty nine (3,869) or 51.52%
of the population are males while three thousand six hundred forty (3,640) or
48.47% are females. The total number of household is one thousand five hundred
one (1,501). (Barangay Profile, 2007)

The average number of children in a family is six (6). Approximately 30-

40% of the couples were engaging in family planning. The most common
methods being used are injectables, pills, IUD and ligation. The increase in
population was attributed to natural birth and migration of locals from the
Visayan region.

Almost fifty percent (50%) of the community are Catholics and the rest
are affiliated to Iglesia ni Cristo, Baptists, Born Again and Mormons.

Educational Attainment of parents is high school graduate while the

children are also high school graduates. Though they wanted to pursue their
studies and earn a degree, they were unable to do so due to financial problems.

Houses built were commonly made of GI sheets for roofing. Common

walls were made of wood or plywood (60%) and others have cemented (40%)
floors. Traditional type of window or di-tungkod is still dominant and about 60%
of houses uses this type of window and 40% are made of glass. Mostly bamboo or
plywood was used for flooring materials for houses along the coastline. In the
barangay proper, almost all of the houses have toilet, however, there are no toilets
in the fishing community.

Supply of potable water is a major problem in Barangay Inhobol. The

source of water is being delivered to every house from the town proper of
Masinloc. The cost of water per container is P7.00 and P50.00 per drum. This
becomes extra expenditure for the community. Water from jetmatic or artesian
wells is being used for laundry and other cleaning activities.
 2. Community Resources

a. Physical Infrastructure

Community infrastructures present in Barangay Collat are:

• Barangay Health Center o Primary School

• Barangay Hall o Two (2) Elementary
• Barangay School
Parks/Plaza/Playground o Secondary School

• Public Market o Tertiary School

• Bureau of Fire Protection • Masinloc Cockpit Arena

• Northwest Cable • 63 Commercial Establishments

• Schools

b. Natural Resources

Brgy. Inhobol is one of the largest villages in Masinloc in terms of land

area, but they have limited number of coastal habitats. The three coastal habitats
include mangrove forest, coral reefs and seagrass beds. These three coastal
habitats are used mainly for gathering of aquatic organisms like crabs, shells,
crustaceans, seaweeds and mollusks. Identified problems related to these habitats
include dynamite fishing, sodium cyanide fishing, domestic wastes, deteriorating
water quality due to the sediments from nearby fish cages and upland forests
which resulted to dwindling fish catch.

The village has a vast agricultural area which is used for rain-fed rice
farming. During the dry season these land area are mainly utilized for vegetable
farming and other crops. Fish ponds are mainly used as milkfish nursery by the
fishcage owners in the nearby villages.
Figure 2. Community Map of Brgy. Inhobol, Masinloc, Zambales
 Table 1. Transect Diagram of Brgy. Inhobol, Masinloc, Zambales

Habitat
Lowland Bakawan Bahura Damuhan
Management
Settlement Area (Mangrove) (Shoals) (Sea grass)
Parameter
Mga Likas na Mango trees, nipa Bakawan, crabs Shells, clams, squid, Shells, arosep,
Kayamanan palm, coconuts, (alimango), sapsap, octopus, balat seagrass (ribbon),
(Natural goats, chickens, opiang, suso alimango, hipon, clams (halaan),
Resources) bananas, (snails), asuhos, baghang, balanak, balat, hipon,
vegetables, palay kitang, kilong-kilong, alimango
danggit, talakitok,
corals, bisugo,
Mga Uri ng retail stores, boat Mangrove cutting, Traditional gleaning, Harvesting and
Hanapbuhay, making, fish wood gathering, shell collection, balat selling of the
Mga processing charcoal making, collection, squid above mentioned
Pagkakataon (danggit), fishing, fishing, shell jigger, resources, sea
(Types of bagoong making, collection, cucumber drying
Livelihood, port/wharf mangrove nursery, and processing,
opportunities) baywalk, net fish farming
mending/making,
rice /vegetable
farming, fishpond
Mga Suliranin Lack of Mangrove cutting, Solid wastes, poor Pollution,
(Problems/ alternative solid wastes, water quality, sediments from
Issues) livelihood, domestic wastes, domestic wastes, upland,
domestic and illegal settlers, pollution, dwindling diminishing area
solid wastes, catch, sediments from for seaweeds
sewage nearby cages, coral
bleaching, dynamite
fishing, sodium
cyanide fishing
3. Livelihood

Fishing is still the main livelihood in the village. In fact , almost all of the
families in Sitio Matalvis are engaged into fishing. There are two wharfs in the area
catering to commercial and municipal fishing vessels. As in other villages, buying
and selling of mangoes is a also a source of income among the people in the
community. Other livelihoods related to fisheries include fish processing like dried
fish and bagoong making, rearing of animals and farming other crops. Additional
landbased occupations include provision of manual labor, retail stores and collection
of woods in the nearby forest and mangrove areas for sale and selling of second hand
clothes.

The people of Barangay Inhobol are also into farming. The farmland area of the
barangay is around 320 has. And about 100 has is being used for upland ricefarming.
Due to the absence of irrigation, farmers are practicing one cropping per year and
they only depend on rain feed. Some members of the community on the other hand
are employed as laborers and house helpers.

There are about two hundred (200) fishermen in the barangay. Almost all of them
are full time fishermen, but as of 2008 there were only forty seven (47) registered
municipal fisherfolks. There are one hundred (100) motorized and one hundred
(100) non-motorized fishing boats existing in the area. In some cases, the wives
market the fish caught by their husbands or processed them into bagoong or dried
fish.

The Department of Labor and Employment (DOLE) in 2005 – 2006, sponsored a

livelihood project and the beneficiaries were the fishermen of Sitio Balogo. Financial
assistance worth two hundred fifty thousand pesos (Php 250, 000.00) was distributed
to the fisherfolks. The money was used to acquire fishing boats for men and fish
processing livelihood for women. The Philippine Employment Services Office
(PESO) also assisted job seekers.
 Shell craft business is another source of income for some individuals. Seaweed
farming was tried before in Sitio Matalvis but failed due to market unavailability.
Some of the Barangay Health Workers (BHW) were trained for boneless bangus and
longanisa making.

Livelihood projects that the community prefers are the following: fish processing,
sari-sari store, sea cucumber culture, value adding and seaweeds farming. They also
want backyard piggery but the problem is the waste disposal for it may cause
pollution to the coastal water of Brgy. Inhobol.

Fishing operations were done all throughout the year. The most common fishing
gears used are: set gill net (palubog), drift gill net (palutang), fish trap (bubo), spear
(pana), squid jigger (pamusit), handline, hook and line (kawil), beach seine (sinsuro).
Each fishing gear is designed to catch different species of fish. Set gill nets and
spears usually catch reef fishes. Squid jiggers and fish traps are used to catch squids
during bright nights (when the moon is present). Drift gill nets are used to catch
hasa-hasa, batalay and squid. Beach seines are generally used near the shore or in
shallow waters in sea waters. The target species are demersal and pelagic fishes.

There are twenty nine (29) commercial fishing boats in Barangay Inhobol. Small
scale fishermen practiced deep-sea fishing due to scarcity of catch in the municipal
water.

4. Fishing Activities

In 1970, fishers used to catch twenty (20) kilograms in half hour fishing operation.
Fish catch trend continued until 1980’s. However, in 1990’s, decline in fish catch began
due to the increase in the number of fishermen. Fishers also started to practice illegal
fishing. The water becomes polluted because of oil spill from fishing boats. And in 2000
up to present, decrease in fish catch becomes very visible.
 FISHING
JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC
GEAR/SPECIES
Lahat ng isda
Beach seine
Barilyete (tuna and tuna-like species)
Hook and line
Bisugo, dilis (isdang bato)
Handline
Pusit
Squid jigger
Isdang bato
Spear
Pusit
Bubo/fish trap

Palutang/drift Hasa-hasa, batalay, pusit (puti)

gillnet
Danggit, isdang bato
Palubog/set
gillnet

WIND
RAINFALL

Amihan

Habagat

Tag-ulan

Tag-init

Figure 3. Calendar Diagram of Brgy. Inhobol, Masinloc, Zambales

 Figure 4. Graph Showing the Trend of Fish Catch in
Brgy. Inhobol, Masinloc, Zambales

D. Institutional Aspects

1. Community Organizations

When Formal or Main Functions/area

People’s Organization (Pos)
Established informal of concern
Balogo Women Association (BALWA) 2005-2006 Livelihood
 2. External Supporting Organizations

The following are agencies that support the community:

• Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources (BFAR)

• Department of Labor and Employment (DOLE)
• Department of Social Welfare and Development (DENR)
• Provincial Government of Masinloc
• Municipal Government of Masinloc (LGU)
• Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR)
• Department of Agrarian Reform (DAR)

Figure 5. Institutional Diagram of Brgy. Inhobol, Masinloc, Zambales

People of Barangay Inhobol recognized the services of Barangay Health Worker

(BHW) under the Municipality of Masinloc (LGU). The DSWD, BFAR, DAR, DSWD,
DOLE, DENR and the Provincial Government need to strengthen their services delivered
to the people.
E. Coastal Resource Management

Barangay Inhobol has approximately 4 km. coastline. However, there were no

existing programs or activities in the barangay about Coastal Resource Management. But
some people from the community initiated the reforestation of the mangrove areas. Oil
discharges from the boats, mangrove cutting and cyanide fishing were identified as
existing activities that can cause destruction and damages to the coastal area. Mangrove
planting and coastal clean-up were some of the suggested solutions to these destructive
activities.

Unlike other coastal barangays of Masinloc, Brgy. Inhobol is practicing proper

waste disposal. Solid wastes were collected every week. There are four (4) eco-aids in
Masinloc town proper who segregate wastes. There was a proposal on Material Recovery
Facility (MRF) but it is not yet provided up to this day.

F. Law Enforcement

Barangay Inhobol especially in Sitio Balogo has existing fish wardens (Bantay
Dagat). Oil discharges from motorized boats, mangrove cuttings and cyanide fishing
were reduced because of the strong enforcement of the Local Government Unit (LGU).
However, the community commented that there are some law enforcement officials who
are sometimes practicing the “kakilala-system” (wherein, if a relative or a friend was
caught, the case will not be filed) during operations.
 II. Habitat Assessment

A. Coral Reef Habitat Assessment

1. Manta Tow Technique

Manta Tow Reconnaissance Technique was conducted to determine the

distribution, extent and condition of the coral reefs along Barangay Inhobol, Masinloc,
Zambales.

In Tow No. 1, it has 40% live coral cover which is fair while Tow No. 2, it has
35% live coral cover which is also fair. Both tows show an overall average live coral
cover of 37.5% for both hard and soft corals, which implies as fair coral cover.

Table 2. Results of Manta Tow Suvey Conducted in Brgy. Inhobol, Masinloc, Zambales

Tow Total Reef

Coordinates LHC SC DC
No. % Condition
1 15o 31’43" N 40 0 40 Fair 10
119o 56’37 "E
2 15o31’21 "N 35 0 35 Fair 25
119o57’09" E
Overall Average 37.5 0 37.5 Fair 17.5

Figure 6. Graph Showing the Percentage Coral Cover in Brgy. Inhobol. Masinloc,
Zambales Using Manta Tow Technique
 2. Snorkel Survey/Quadrat Method

Based on the snorkel survey method conducted, it shows an average percentage

cover of about 33.5%, which is in fair condition. Rubbles and dead corals were also
present in the area with an average cover of about 25.5% and 5% respectively. This could
be attributed with the use destructive fishing gears such as dynamite and cyanide. Dead
coral with algae was also observed with an average cover of 10.5%. Abiotic components
like sand and silt also covers about 23% of the sampling site.

Table 3. Results of Snorkel Survey Method Conducted in Brgy. Inhobol, Masinloc,

Zambales

Average Other
LHC SC DC DCA Plants Rubble/Rock Sand/Silt TOTAL
% Animals
Cover 32 1.5 5 10.5 1 1.5 25.5 23 100

Figure 7. Graph Showing the Coral Cover conducted in Brgy. Inhobol, Masinloc,
Zambales, Using the Snorkel Survey Method
 3. Line Intercept Method

The sampling stations established were in fair condition with an average live
coral cover of 49.75%. The presence of soft corals was observed in the area with an
average of 2.5% cover.

Dead corals found between 26% and 42.5% cover (average of 34.25 %), mostly
fouled by mixed assemblages of algal turfs and coralline algae which indicates that the
corals had been dead for a long time.

Station 1 has recorded the highest sand and/or silt cover with 20% while in station
2 covered only about 15% of transect with an average cover of 8.75%. Sponges were also
recognized with an average of 1.25%. Rubbles were noted with an average bottom cover
of 6%.

Table 4. Benthic Lifeforms and Coral Reef Components in Brgy. Inhobol

Benthic lifeforms/Coral reef Component Average %

Live hard coral 47.25%
Live soft coral 2.50%
Dead coral with algae 34.25%
Sponges 1.25%
Rubble 6%
Sand/Silt 8.75%

Figure 8. Graph Showing the

Bottom Components in Brgy.
Inhobol
 B. Fish Visual Census

There is only one (1) fish individual recorded belonging to the family
Acanthuridae (1.7%), which were considered as major reef herbivores. While, indicator
of hard coral species has a total of 8 individuals from the family Chaetodontidae
(13.3%), 19 individuals from the family Pomacentridae (31.7%) whose species are
Damsel fish and Sergeant fish, 17 individuals from the family Nemipteridae (28.3%), 10
individuals from the family Labridae (16.6%), 4 individuals from the family Mullidae
(6.7%) and only 1 individual from the family Zanclidae (1.7%). In terms of fish
abundance, families of Pomacentridae, and Nemipteridae were the dominant species in
Stations 1 and 2 and followed by the families Labridae and Acanthuridae.

Table 5. Results of Fish Visual Census Conducted in Brgy. Inhobol, Masinloc, Zambales

Average
Family Name Scientific Name English Name Station 1 Station 2 TOTAL %
Nemipteridae Scolopsis bilineatus Coral breams 11 6 17 28.3
Chaetodontidae Chaetodon auriga Butterfly fish 4 4 8 13.3
Pomacentridae Chromis caudalis Damsel fish 3 3 6 10.0
Abuldefduf
Pomacentridae sexfaciatus Sergeant fish 8 5 13 21.7
Labridae coris batuensis wrasse 2 8 10 16.6
Zanclidae Zanclus cornutus Moorish idol 1 0 1 1.7
Mullidae Parupeneus indicus Goat fish 4 0 4 6.7
[Acanthuridae] Acanthurus sp Surgeon fish 0 1 1 1.7
TOTAL 33 27 60 100
Legend:
<fishes> - major reef carnivores
[fishes] - major reef herbivores
Fishes - fishes which are indicators of hard corals
Figure 9. Graph Showing the Results of Fish Visual Census Conducted in Brgy. Inhobol

C. Seagrass Bed Habitat Assessment

There is high diversity of seagrass species in Brgy. Inhobol. Six (6) seagrass
species were identified: Enhalus acoroides (9.19%), which dominates the seagrass bed,
Thalassia hemprichii (7.19%), Halodule uninervis (7.95%), Halophila ovalis (0.14%),
Cymodocea rotundata (1.19%), and Syringodium isoetifolium (0.14%). Bottom
substrates to the area close to the beach line consist of fine sand mixed with rubbles and
dead shells. Some algal species were also observed such as, Acetabularia sp., Neomeris
sp., and Padina sp. Other organisms noted are sea serpent, sponges, sea urchin, starfish,
and some hard corals. Fish species such as boxfish were also found.
 Table 6. Results of Seagrass Habitat Assessment Conducted in Brgy. Inhobol, Masinloc,
Zambales

% Cover of Each Species Total

Transect Quadrat
% Substrate Other Observation/s
No. No.
Ea Th Hu Ho Cr Si Cover
1 1 0 0 80 0 0 0 80 Sandy
2 0 1 2 0 0 0 3 Sandy Acetabularia sp.
3 0 30 0 0 0 0 30 Sandy boxfish, Neomeris sp.
sea serpent, sponges, sea
4 10 40 0 2 0 3 55 Sandy urchin
5 20 45 0 1 0 0 66 Sandy sponges, sea urchin, DCA
6 10 25 0 0 25 0 60 Sandy dead shells
DCA, Padina sp.,coral
7 30 5 0 0 0 0 35 Sandy branching
10 21 12 0 4 0 47
2 1 0 0 2 0 0 0 2 Sandy
2 0 0 2 0 0 0 2 Sandy
3 0 0 70 0 0 0 70 Sandy Acetabularia sp.
4 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 Sandy
5 40 5 0 0 0 0 45 Sandy starfish, Padina sp.
6 35 0 0 0 0 0 35 Sandy sea urchin, coral, alage
7 2 0 0 0 0 0 2 Sandy
11 1 11 0 0 0 22
3 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Sandy DCA
2 0 0 10 0 0 0 10 Sandy Padina sp.
3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Sandy
4 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 Sandy
5 20 0 0 0 0 0 20 Sandy DCA
6 15 0 0 0 0 0 15 Sandy sea urchin
7 10 0 0 0 0 0 10 Sandy
6 0 2 0 0 0 8
 Figure 10. Graph Showing the Percentage Seagrass Cover in Brgy. Inhobol

D. Mangrove Forest Habitat Assessment

In Brgy. Inhobol, Masinloc, Zambales, the mangrove site assessed was

near the road alongside the national highway facing the sea. The mangrove site
featured a muddy, multi-species of mangroves beside residential ares, with 7
transect lines measured, with 32 quadrats generated. The total number of
mangrove species identified and measured was 230, mostly dominated by
Rhizopora and Sonneratia species. Height of the mangrove species was measured
at 2 meters (at the lowest) and 10 meters (at the highest) with computed average
height of 5.02 meters. Crown cover for each tree was computed as .7854 (crown
diameter)2, and the total crown diameter for all species measured was 944 m2.
Getting the percent cover of all species, the total crown diameter (944 m2) was
divided by 3,200 m2 (32 quadrats x 100 m2), and the computed percent crown
cover was 29 %.
 Data collected on the seedlings and saplings (regenerations) per square
meter showed that a total of 47 species were identified/listed on a total of 96 plots.
It was computed that the regeneration per square meter in the mangrove
assessment site is .49 species per square meter.

Based on the mangrove habitat assessment criteria, Barangay Inhobol

was found to be in FAIR condition based on the computed parameters
derived during the assessment.

CRITERIA MANGROVE

PERCENT
CROWN AVE. REGENERATION
Barangay COVER HEIGHT PER SQ.METER CONDITION

(%) (METERS) (NO. OF SDLGS.)

Inhobol 29 5.02 0.49 FAIR

III. COMMUNITY VISIONS

Due to the decline of fish catch and increase number of fishermen, fisherfolks
from Barangay Inhobol would like to have an alternative livelihood. The community has
several skills that can be used and develop to earn extra income for a living and to
support the basic needs of their families. Some of them have undergone trainings on fish
processing but they don’t have the initial capital to start up with. They also want to
attend trainings on fish cages.

The community suggested other alternative livelihoods such as fish processing,

backyard piggery, sari-sari store, sea cucumber culture, seaweed farming & value-adding.
However, trainings and skills are still in need of development.
 Participatory Coastal Resource Assessment
Barangay North Poblacion, Masinloc, Zambales

I. DESCRIPTION OF THE STUDY AREA

A. Biophysical Characteristics

1. Location

Barangay North Poblacion is located in the town proper of Masinloc. It

lies between the coordinates of 15°32’24” North and 119°56’59” East. The
barangay has a land area of approximately sixteen (16) hectares and 1.5
kilometers length of coastline.

Figure 1. Location Map of Brgy. North Poblacion, Masinloc, Zambales

 2. Climate and Soil Characteristics

Barangay North Poblacion has two pronounced seasons, dry from the
month of March to May and wet season from mid-late of May to November. Soil
types in the area are loam, sandy and clay.

B. Socio Cultural-Economic Characteristics

1. Population and Household Size

Based on Barangay Profile of 2007, Brgy. North Poblacion has a total

population of two thousand ninety nine (2,099), one thousand eighty two (1,082)
or 51.54% of the population are males while one thousand seventeen (1,017) or
48.45% are females. Total number of household is four hundred twenty (420).
(MPDO, 2007)

The average number of children in a family is six (6). With the assistance
of Barangay Health Worker (BHW), programs and information about family
planning are well disseminated. Most couples in the barangay proper are
practicing family planning, contrary to the fishing village. The most common
birth control methods adopted are injectables, pills, IUD, and ligation. Increase
in population was attributed to natural birth. Migration by Visayans and Ilocanos
also contributed to population growth.

Majority of the community members are dedicated to Catholic doctrine

while the minorities are devoted to other sects such as Iglesia ni Cristo, Baptists
and Born Again.

Educational attainment of parents was in secondary level. Most of the

children are able to reach college level and some of them are degree holders from
universities and colleges. Children of fishermen who stopped their education
because of financial problem worked as fishermen like their parents.
 Houses in Brgy. North Poblacion are 50 % made of G.I. sheets and 50 %
nipa of cogon for their roofs. Most common material used for walls on the other
hand is wood or plywood which comprises of about 80% and the rest are made of
cement. The most conventional window type in the area is made of bamboo or
the traditional type (di-tungkod) while 20% of the houses have windows made of
glass. Flooring materials are usually made of bamboo.

In the barangay proper, all of the houses have toilets. However, 90% of
the households in the fishing village have no toilets. Availability of toilet is an
issue that needs to be addressed at the fishing village of Brgy. North Poblacion.

Piped water or the Masinloc Water District (MWD) is the most common
source of water in the locality and supplies about 90% of household. Other
household have jetmatic or artesian well as an additional source of water.

2. Community Resources

a. Physical Infrastructure

Community infrastructures present in Barangay North Poblacion are the

following:

• Barangay Health Center

• Barangay Hall
• Primary School
• Elementary School
• Barangay Parks/Plaza/Playground
• 94 Commercial Establishments
 b. Natural Resources
North Poblacion is one of the most populated villages in Masinloc. It is
also the center of commercial activities in the area, the public market and
government offices being located here. Its coastal resources include mangrove
area, beach and an estuary. These resources are mainly utilized for fishing,
recreation and transportation by the villagers. Backyard lots are mostly planted
with vegetables and fruits particularly mango trees. Like its neighboring village of
Poblacion South, domestic wastes and pollution are the major problems affecting
the coastal resources.

3. Livelihood

The people in Barangay North Poblacion have three main sources of income:
fishing, farming and salt making although some have small business to earn a living.
Rattan and bamboo furniture are some of small industries located in the area. There
are ninety four (94) commercial establishments present in the area. Other main
livelihoods include buying and selling of mangoes, nipa (pawid) making, boat making
and net mending and making. Traditional gleaning or gathering and collection of
aquatic plants and animals, gathering of wood and nipa leaves in the mangrove area
are particularly important aquatic resource activities to supplement their daily
household consumption.

Fishing with an average income of P500/day is the major occupation in the

community with approximately 30-40% of the total population is engaged to it.
However despite of the fact that majority of the population are into fishing, there are
only forty (40) municipal registered fisherfolk in the community and 30 motorized
banca and ten (10) non-motorized.
Figure 2. Community Resources Map of Brgy. North Poblacion
 Table 1. Transect Walk Diagram of Brgy. North Poblacion, Masinloc, Zambales

Habitat Management Lowland Bakawan Aplaya Bukana Damuhan

Parameter Settlement Area (Mangrove) (Beach) (Estuarine) (Sea grass)
Mga Likas na Mango trees, nipa Bakawan, nipa, Shells, clams, Samaral, Shells Shells, arosep, seagrass
Kayamanan palm, coconuts, crabs (alimango), oysters, coconut (opiang),blue crabs, (ribbon), clams (halaan),
(Natural Resources) goats, chickens, sapsap, lukan trees, nipa palms mudcrabs, shrimps, balat, hipon, alimango
bananas, (clams) opiang, (sasa), alimango, malakapas, asuhos, (no seagrass)
vegetables suso (snails), hipon, baghang, kitang
tilapia, asuhos, balanak, kilong-
kitang kilong
Mga Uri ng retail stores, nipa Mangrove Traditional fishing, traps Harvesting and selling of
Hanapbuhay, Mga (pawid) making, cutting, wood gleaning, shell transport for boats, the above mentioned
Pagkakataon (Types of boat making, fish gathering, collection, port, docking area for resources, sea cucumber
Livelihood, processing, charcoal making, tourism related boats drying and processing,
opportunities) fishing, bagoong fishing, shell activities,
making, port collection
baywalk, tourism
related activities,
net
mending/making
Mga Suliranin Lack of Mangrove Solid wastes, poor Pollution, solid Pollution, sediments
(Problems/ Issues) alternative cutting, solid water quality, wastes, domestic from upland, diminishing
livelihood, wastes, domestic domestic wastes, wastes, sediments area for seaweeds
domestic and wastes, illegal erosion from upland
solid wastes, settlers
sewage
 Fisherfolk observed that their daily income decreases due to the loss of fish catch.
Many of them wanted to stop fishing and divert to other livelihood for a stable
income. Most of the fishermen dwell on deep-sea fishing and prefers to fish outside
the municipal water for fish catch security. Some of them are using fish aggregating
device or “payao” to attract fish. One of the advantages of “payao” is to save time
and fuel for their motorized banca since fisherfolk will no longer scour the sea in
search of fish. The “70-30” is an existing system for payao operation wherein
seventy percent (70%) of the total catch will go to the fishworkers and thirty percent
(30%) will be the share of an association or the “payao” owner. Gleaning is a
family activity which is usually done only for consumption.

Women of Brgy. North Poblacion have attended several trainings on rice-cake-

making and flower-making out of corn husk. Value-adding and goat or carabao-
raising are suggested livelihood projects for women. Men have skills on boat-
building and carpentry and they use these skills as additional source of family
income. Communities of the barangay, specifically the fisherfolks are looking
forward to an alternative livelihood during lean months but the big issue for them is
the capital to start with.

4. Fishing Activities

Fishing operation is done all through out the year. The most common fishing
gears used in the area are: hook and line, drive in net (lambat), scoop net and hila-hila
or longline. Scoop net is used with the aid of pressure lamp and operated in the dark.
Hila-hila is used only in the months of November and December because it is
intended to catch tuna species and bonito. Tuna species, ligasin (banak), garfish,
half beak fish, squid and bonito are the common species caught. Fishermen in Brgy.
North Poblacion are usually engaged in deep-sea fishing.
 FISHING
JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC
GEAR/SPECIES

Hila-
sapsap, alimasag
hila/Longline

Tabo/Scoopnet pusit laot (pula)

Lambat/Drive-in
Ligasin (banak), garfish, half-beak, squid
net
( )
Kawil/Hook and Tuna and tuna-like species (pelagic species)
line

WIND
RAINFALL

Amihan

Habagat

Tag-ulan

Tag-init

Figure 3. Calendar Diagram of Brgy. North Poblacion, Masinloc, Zambales

In 1970’s, fishers have abundance catch of as much as 70 kgs. for every fishing
operation. This trend was maintained up to the 80’s, not until in the 90’s fish catch
decreased to 30-45 kg after the Mt. Pinatubo eruption. Decline in fish catch in 2000
becomes noticeably with the following reasons: increase number of fishermen, high cost
of gasoline for fishing operation, and as an effect of global warming. The fishermen
decided to go fishing outside of municipal water or beyond fifteen (15) to catch fish.
 Figure 4. Graph Showing the Trend in Fish Catch in
Brgy. North Poblacion, Masinloc, Zambales

C. Institutional Aspects

1. Community Organizations

People’s Organization (Pos) When Formal or Main Functions/area

Established informal of concern

Samahang Mangingisda ng Masinloc 1997 Formal Livelihood (payao)

Riverside (SAMARIS) (inactive)
2. External Supporting Organizations

The following are agencies that support the community:

• Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources (BFAR)

• Department of Agriculture (DA)
• Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR)
• Department of Social Welfare and Development (DSWD)
• Municipal Government of Masinloc (LGU)
• Provincial Government of Zambales
• Office of the Congressman (Cong. Diaz)

Figure 5. Institutional Diagram of Brgy. North Poblacion, Masinloc, Zambales

The Local Government Unit of Masinloc (LGU) has rendered several services to
the communities of Brgy. North Poblacion. The most known and beneficial is the pre-
natal check-up for pregnant women. Vaccines for children and anti-rabies are also
provided regularly by the LGU while the Department of Social Welfare and Development
(DSWD) have feeding programs. The BFAR, DENR, Provincial Government and
Coastal Resource Management Office (CRMO) under the LGU of Masinloc according to
the community still need to strengthen their services to better serve the people.
Scholarship from the Office of Congressman (Cong. Diaz) is very helpful for the
education of the children of the fishermen.
 D. Coastal Resource Management

Barangay North Poblacion has several existing programs about Coastal Resource
Management. The most recent coastal clean-up was conducted last year but the barangay
tanod is conducting regular clean-up in the barangay. The last mangrove reforestation
was organized three (3) years ago. Several destructive activities were identified by the
community like illegal entry of fishers from other municipalities, “letting”, dynamite
fishing, fishing with the use of derris root, improper waste disposal, and siltation from
mining activities from upland. The community suggested the alternative livelihood as
solution to these problems they have.

Like the other coastal barangays of Masinloc, the community of North Poblacion
is aware of the municipal ordinance (Municipal Ordinance 92-08 or CRM Code)
regarding Prohibited Gears and Activities in the Coastal Waters of Masinloc. The
following activities and gears are stated in Municipal Ordinance 92-08.

• All illegal fishing gears stated in RA • Fishing without license and permits
8550 • Dumping of wastes
• Use of compressor • Direct discharge of human and animal
• Use of fine mesh net with mesh size wastes
less than 3 cm. • Mangrove cutting
• Use of double net • Gathering of aquarium fish
• Triple nets • Fishing inside the marine protected
• Kunay areas
• Kayakas • Other activities that may potentially
• Libaliba contribute to the decrease in water
• Sinsoro quality such as unregulated tourism
• Karukod activities.

• Burnas • Overfeeding and overstocking in

• Unregistered Fishers mariculture/aquaculture operations and

livestock rising near coastal areas.
 E. Law Enforcement

The Bantay Dagat, Philippine Coast Guard and the Philippine National Police
are operating twice in a week in the municipal waters of North Poblacion and to the
whole Masinloc area. There are three (3) deputized Bantay Dagat residing in the
barangay and actively participating in coastal law enforcement. The level of enforcement
and compliance of coastal law enforcement is very strong. However, fishermen from the
barangay are threatened because many fishermen from other towns are operating in their
municipal water.

II. HABITAT ASSESSMENT

A. Coral Reef Habitat Assessment

Based on manta tow survey, no natural reefs were present. Sand and rocks covered
most of the bottom area. This might be due to exposure of the area from strong waves
accompanying typhoons in the northeast monsoon. These are some of the natural causes
of destruction in some portion of the reefs in the bay.

B. Fish Visual Census

Table 2. Result of Fish Visual Census in Brgy. North Poblacion

Family Sampling Stations Average

Name Scientific Name English Name TOTAL %
Station 1 Station 2
Theraponidae Therapon jarbua Three line therapon 2 0 2 100
TOTAL 2 0 2 100.00

There was no reef fish carnivores and herbivores were present in the area. Only
Indicator of hard coral species are present in the area which are belong to family
 Theraponidae that have a total of 3 individuals that is the species of Three line therapon
which is 100%.

C. Seagrass Bed Habitat Assessment

There were no seagrass beds found in Brgy. North Poblacion.

D. M,angrove Forest Habitat Assessment

In Brgy. North Poblacion, Masinloc, Zambales a lone strip of mangrove site along
the river was assessed. Only two transect lines were measured, each with 9 quadrats,
totaling to 18 quadrats. The total number of mangrove species identified and measured
was 173, mostly dominated by Nipa species. Height of the mangrove species was
measured at 2 meters (at the lowest) and 20 meters (at the highest, non-Nipa species) with
computed average height of 3.54 meters. Crown cover for each tree was computed as
.7854 (crown diameter)2, and the total crown diameter for all species measured was 447
m2. Getting the percent cover of all species, the total crown diameter (447 m2) was
divided by 1,800 m2 (18 quadrats x 100 m2), and the computed percent crown cover was
24.8%.

Data collected on the seedlings and saplings (regenerations) per square meter
showed that a total of 16 species were identified/listed on a total of 48 plots. It was
computed that the regeneration per square meter in the mangrove assessment site is .33
species per square meter.

Based on the mangrove habitat assessment criteria, Barangay North

Poblacion was found to be in POOR condition based on the computed parameters
derived during the assessment.

Mangrove area in Barangay North Poblacion did not reflect a sounding

assessment figure, mainly attributed to the urbanized nature of the location, which are at
the heart of the Municipality.
 Table 3. Result of Mangrove Habitat Assessment in Brgy. North Poblacion

CRITERIA MANGROVE

PERCENT
CROWN AVE. REGENERATION
Barangay COVER HEIGHT PER SQ.METER CONDITION

(%) (METERS) (NO. OF SDLGS.)

North Poblacion 24.8 3.54 0.33 POOR

III. COMMUNITY VISIONS

Fishermen from Brgy. North Poblacion wanted to stop fishing due to depreciation
of fish catch and undependable income. Shifting to other livelihood will not be easy for
them because of unavailability of work suited for their skills. Other option for
additional income they prefer is to have their own boat or upgrade from non-motorized
to motorized banca for their fishing operations. They also want to maximize the skills of
women but the problem is they have no starting capital. Fish trading, value adding and
goat or carabao-raising are mentioned as possible source of income for the people.
 Participatory Coastal Resource Assessment
San Lorenzo, Masinloc, Zambales

I. DESCRIPTION OF THE STUDY AREA

A. Biophysical Characteristics

1. Location

Sitio Panglit is an island within the jurisdiction of Barangay San Lorenzo,

Municipality of Masinloc, Zambales. It is situated between the coordinates of 15°29’00”
North, and119°57’00” East. It has a total area of 129 hectares. The distance from the
coastline is 9 kilometers. Priority site selection for habitat assessment was given to Sitio
Panglit, since most of the habitats were found in the Sitio rather than in the mainland of
San Lorenzo.

Figure 1 Location Map of Panglit Is., Masinloc, Zambales (www.mapcentral.ph)

 2. Climate and Soil Characteristics

The island has two (2) pronounced seasons: dry from October to June and wet from
July to September. It has three (3) soil characteristics – loam, sandy and clay soil.

B. Socio-Cultural-Economic Characteristics

1. Population and Household Size

The area is inhabited by 5,650 (as of June 2007), wherein 7.1% or about 404 are
children. The total household based from the census of the barangay is around 1,000.
The average number of children in the family ranges from 3 to 5. Natural birth is the
major cause of population growth while migrations contribute minimally and usually
migrants come from the Visayan regions. In terms of religious affiliation, majority of the
community are Catholics.

When it comes to education, most parents are high school graduates, while the
children are on their college level at present.

Houses in San Lorenzo are usually made of GI sheets for roofs and walls, windows
and floor are made of bamboo. Almost all the households from the mainland have their
own toilets, while 70% of the population of Sitio Panglit has toilets. Dug well and
jetmatic/artesian well (usually donated by politician) are their major source of water.
2. Community Resources

Figure 2 Community Resources Map

 a. Physical Infrastructures

The community infrastructures found in Sitio Panglit are:

• Health Center (concrete funded by JICA)

• Grade School (concrete),
• Chapel (concrete)
• Basketball court (concrete)

b. Fishery Resources

The following are the fishery resources present in the area that are almost evenly
distributed around the island:

• Sapsap • Talakitok
• Alumahan • Dilis
• Alimango • Monamon
• Shells (batotoy, talaba) • Batalay
• Pusit puti • Taklobo
• Lapu-lapu • Huoy
• Samaral

Table 1 Transect Walk Diagram

Habitat Lowland/ Bakawan Aplaya Hunasan Damuhan Bahura Ilalim

Management settlement area (Mangrove) (beach) (tidal flat) (seagrass bed) (reef/shoal)
Parameter
Mga Likas na fruit bearing, alimango, shells, niyog Hermit shells, fish finfish finfish
Kayamanan rice, vegetables, shells, fry (coconut), crab,
(natural pineapple, goat mango, shells,
resources) carabao tamarind alimango
Mga uri ng fishing, firewood, gleaning, gleaning harvest and sell fishing fishing
hanapbuhay, vegetable, goat fishery shells & fish
mga raising, farming,
pagkakataon fishpond
(types of
livelihood)
Mga suliranin electricity, sari- cutting is source of Improper boat docking, compressor declining
(problem/issues) sari & bigtore, illegal drinking water garbage damaged catch
soil erosion disposal seagrass bed
 3. Livelihood

Majority of the communities are engaged in fishing activities. One hundred percent
(100%) of the people in Sitio Panglit (about 120 fishermen), relies their livelihood in
fishing while only around 30% from the mainland of San Lorenzo (about 50 fishermen),
are into fishing and the rest are mostly farmers. A total of 152 registered fulltime
fishermen are recorded in Barangay San Lorenzo and 70% of the fishing boats are
motorized and the other 30% are non-motorized.

The people of San Lorenzo are also engaged in farming. During non-fishing season
they outrightly shifted their activities into farming (e.i. planting vegetable and rice
farming). Management intervention of mangroves forest and seagrass beds in the coastal
area of barangay San Lorenzo will serve as spawning grounds of different marine species
and serves as sediment catchment. The main concern of San Lorenzo is to have a sari-
sari and bigasan store in the community because during bad weather or strong current,
going to Masinloc public market is not accessible. Since San Lorenzo is a coastal
barangay with an island called Panglit, practices of the community usually dwells on
coastal resources.

4. Fisheries Activities

Calendar Diagram (Figure 4.) illustrates the common fishing gears used by the
fishermen in the area and the seasonality of fishes found in the municipal waters of
Panglit. The common fishing gears used are baby bag net, gill net and spears. On the
other hand, the common fish and marine species caught are sapsap, alumahan, alimango,
alimasag, pusit puti, lapu-lapu, samaral, talakitok and shells such as batotoy, talaba,
opiang and tahong dagat. There are also fish cages (6 units) and fishponds (600 sq.m.)
culturing alimango and prawn present in the area which are being operated by private
investors.
 The trend diagram (Figure 5.) shows that in the year 1970, there was a good catch
where stationary liftnet is the most common fishing gear that was used during dusk and
dawn. But in the year 1990s, there was a sudden decreased in fish catch due to the
increase in number of fishermen, rampant illegal activities such as dynamite and sodium
cyanide fishing, and the increase in the types of fishing gears. The decline continues
until in the early 2000s due to water pollution.

Figure 3 Trend Diagram

Figure 4 Calendar Diagram
 C. Institutional Aspects

1. Community Organizations

People’s Organization When established Formal or Informal Main functions/ area of

(Pos) concern

Samahang 1980s formal Livelihood (dagdag kita)

Mangingisda ng
Panglit Inc. (SMPI)

Bantay Dagat Some are deputized

Samahang
mangingisda ng San
Lorenzo
(SAMASALO)

2. External supporting organizations

According to the community people, there are also external organizations supporting
the community such as the following:

• Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources (BFAR)

• Department of Agriculture (DA)

• Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR)

• Department of Health (DOH)

• Department of Social Welfare and Development (DSWD)

• Philippine National Police (PNP)

• National Power Corporation (NAPOCOR)

• NGO (Arthur Halata Foundation)

• Municipal Government of Masinloc

 Figure 5 institutional Diagram

The Arthur Halata Foundation is granting loans without interest to the residents of
Masinloc, Zambales. On the other hand, the Samahang Mangingisda ng Panglit Inc.
(SMPI) received a livelihood project such as backyard piggery (babuyan) from the Office
of former Congressman Torres.
D. Coastal Resource Management

The community is also doing mangrove planting which is being participated by the
Bantay dagat members and some community members. The people also identified the need
to practice/implement solid waste management because at present one of the problems of the
community is waste disposal.

They have also identified the existing activities in the area which are destructive or
causing damage to the coastal area and these are the following:

• Use of compressor
• Mangrove cutting
• Improper waste disposal
• Tropical fish gathering using cyanide ( as perceived by the community),
according to some community member invisible net is used for topical fish
catching

One of the CRM projects in Sitio Panglit is the marine sanctuary where community
people takes turn in monitoring of the area.

E. Law Enforcement

Sitio Panglit has an active Bantay Dagat. However, the level of compliance to existing
fishery laws and ordinances is not that very high. Therefore there is still a need to educate
the people on CRM and on the existing fishery laws and ordinances. Likewise, the
community pointed out the need to provide honorarium to the Bantay Dagat members to
improve and strengthen the law enforcement information dissemination and compliance of
the community.
II. HABITAT ASSESSMENT

A. Coral Reef habitat assessment

1. Manta Tow Survey Results

Manta tow points, coordinates percentage hard, soft and dead corals and other
significant observations is presented in Table 2.

Average percentage cover of hard corals, soft corals and dead corals and reef
conditions of the three (3) sampling stations established is given in Table 3. The stations
2 and 3 are in relatively fair condition while Station 1 which has 26 % cover (for both
hard and soft corals) showed relatively the poorest coral cover. Stations 2 and 3 have
47% and 48% coral cover, respectively (see Figure 6). In general, the condition of the
reefs for the three sampling stations area was poor with an overall average live coral
cover of 40%.

Table 2 Results of Manta Tow Conducted in Sitio Panglit, Barangay San Lorenzo, Masinloc, Zambales

Tow Coordinates LHC SC DC DCA Sand/Silt/Rubble Total Notes/

No. (live (soft (dead (dead Observations
hard coral) coral) coral
coral) w/
algae)
1 15o 29’33" N 25 1 10 15 49 100
o
119 55’20 "E
2 15o29’34 "N 42 5 15 10 28 100
o
119 55’39" E
3 15o29’26" N 45 3 17 20 15 100
119o56’14" E
Table 3 Average percentage cover of hard corals, soft corals, and total live corals (hard and soft corals combined), dead corals
and reef condition observed within the 3 stations.

Tow No. Coordinates HC SC Live DC Reef

(hard (soft coral (dead Condition
coral) coral) coral)
1 15o 29’33" N 25 1 26 10 Poor
119o 55’20 "E
2 15o29’34 "N 42 5 47 15 Fair
119o55’39" E
3 15o29’26" N 45 3 48 20 Fair
o
119 56’14" E
Overall Average 37 3 43 15 Fair

15

37
HC (hard c oral)
S C (s oft c oral)
L ive c oral
DC (dead c oral)

43
3

Figure 6 Average percentage coral cover within the 3 stations.

 1. Snorkel Survey Result

The three transect sampling stations were established in Panglit Is. (Table 4).
Station 1 was located in Marine Fish Sanctuary and station 2 and 3 outside Marine
Fish Sanctuary. Station 1 has a fair coral cover with 34% while stations 2 and 3 has
good coral cover both hard and soft coral with 57%, 61%, respectively. The total live
coral of these three sampling stations has an average percentage cover of 51% both
hard and soft coral. The rubbles and dead corals presently observed in the area which
contribute an average cover about 9.3%, 4.4%, respectively could be attributed to the
destructive fishing activities particularly the use of dynamite and cyanide fishing.
Soft coral with an average cover of 3%. Sand and silt covering 26% of the transect
quadrat.

L HC
26
SC
DC
48
DC A
P lants
O ther A nimals
9.3
R ubble/ R oc k

9.3 S and/ S ilt

4.4 3

Figure 7 Percentage cover based on Snorkel Survey using Transect and Quadrat Method.
 Table 4 Sampling stations n Sitio Panglit

LHC
SC DC DCA (Dead Plants
Quadrat (Live Other (Rubble/ (Sand/
Transect No. (Soft (Dead Coral w/ (Algae/ Total
No. Hard Animals Rock) Silt)
Coral) Coral) algae) Seagrass)
Coral)
Inside Marine
Sanctuary
1 1 80 10 0 0 0 0 0 10 100
2 15 0 35 0 0 0 10 40 100
3 35 0 0 30 0 0 0 35 100
4 10 0 0 20 0 0 0 70 100
5 20 0 0 0 0 0 20 60 100
Average %
Cover 32 2 7 10 0 0 6 43 100
Outside Marine
Sanctuary
2 1 90 0 0 0 0 0 10 100
2 45 10 0 0 0 0 10 35 100
3 35 5 0 30 0 0 30 0 100
4 35 0 20 0 0 0 20 25 100
5 65 0 0 25 0 0 0 10 100
Average %
Cover 54 3 4 11 0 0 12 16 100
3 1 70 5 0 0 0 0 25 0 100
2 80 0 10 10 0 0 0 0 100
3 35 5 0 0 0 0 10 50
4 35 10 0 10 0 0 15 30 100
5 65 0 25 0 0 0 10 100
Average %
Cover 57 4 2 9 0 0 10 18 100

Average %
Cover 48 3 4.4 9.3 0 0 9.3 26 100
 1. Line Intercept Technique (LIT) Result

All the three transect sampling stations established were generally in fair condition
with an average of 47% both live and soft coral cover. Among the sampling sites, Station
3 was in good condition about 61 %, while station 2 was in fair condition with 49% cover
and station 1 was in poor condition with 29 %.

Soft corals have no distinct significance to the bottom cover, which ranged from 0 to
3% with an average of only 1%. The presence of soft corals was observed in Station 2
with 3% cover, but was not found in the rest of the stations.

Dead corals provided between 19 % and 35% cover (average of 28 %), mostly fouled
by mixed assemblages of algal turfs and coralline algae which indicates that the corals
had been dead for a long time.

Station 1 has recorded the highest sand/silt cover with 33 % followed by Station 2
and Station 3 with 15 % and 10 % cover, respectively. Sand/silt cover was observed in all
reef sites with an average of 20 %.

Similarly, rubble were recorded in all reef station that make a significant percentage
of the total reef bottom cover, noted that it has all 3 % cover (average of 3 %).

L ive hard c oral

L ive s oft c oral
20% white dead c oral
Dead c oral with algae
Turt algae
3%
1% 46.00% F les hy mic roalgae
1%
C oralline algae
s ponges
others animals
S eagras s
28.00% R ubble
1% R oc k
S and/S ilt

Figure 8 Percentage Cover based on Line Intercept Technique using Transect Method
 Table 5 Summary Results of Line Intercept Technique using Transect Method

Inside Outside
Benthic lifeforms/coral
Sanctuary Sanctuary TOTAL AVE%
reef Component
STN 1 STN 2 STN 3
Live hard coral 29% 49% 61% 139 46.00%
Live soft coral 0% 3% 0% 3 1%
White dead coral 0% 0% 0% 0 0%
Dead coral with algae 35% 30% 19% 84 28.00%
Turt algae 0% 0% 4% 4 1%
Fleshy microalgae 0% 0% 0% 0 0%
Coralline algae 0% 0% 0% 0 0%
Sponges 0% 0% 3% 3 1%
Others animals 0% 0% 0% 0 0%
Seagrass 0% 0% 0% 0 0%
Rubble 3% 3% 3% 9 3%
Rock 0% 0% 0% 0 0%
Sand/Silt 33% 15% 10% 58 20%

B. Fish Visual Census

Based on estimated counts of fish species from three sampling stations, a total of 36
individuals were recorded belonging to the family Acanthuridae which is 26.9% average,13
individuals from the family Scaridae (9.7% ), and 9 individuals from the family Siganidae
(6.7% ) in terms of major reef herbivores.

Indicator of hard coral species from the family Chaetodontidae have 34 individuals
which is 25.4%, 35 individuals from the family Pomacentridae (26.1% ) that are the species
of Angel fish, Damsel fish and Sergent fish , 4 individuals from the family Zanclidae (3% ),
and family Mulidae with 1 individual each had the same percentage of 0.8%.

Major reef carnivores species observed come from the family Serranidae which have 2
individuals out of three 3 sampling stations in the area with 1.5%. In terms of fish
abundance, Family Acanthuridae were also dominant in stations 1, 2 and 3 and it was
followed by the family Chaetodontidae and Pomacentridae (Table 6.)
Table 6 Results of Fish Species Identified, Counted and Size Estimated from three 3 Sampling Stations Conducted in Sitio
Panglit, Barangay San Lorenzo, Masinloc, Zambales

Record No. of Fishes per Size

Class
Scientific
Family Name English name Specify
Name 1-10 11-20 21-30
size for
cm cm cm
>30 cm
Station 1
Zanclus
Zanclidae conutus Morish idol 4
[Scaridae] Scarus sp Parrot fish 0 5
[Acanthuridae] Acanthurus sp Surgeon fish 9 5
Pomacanthus
Pomacanthidae sp Angel fish 5
Chaetodontidae Chaetodon sp Butterfly fish 5
Pomacentridae Abuldefduf sp Damsel fish 10
Station 2
[Scaridae] Scarus sp. Parrot fish 5
[Acanthuridae] Acanthurus sp Surgeon fish 6 11
Chaetondontidae Chaetodon sp. Butterfly fish 10 6
Pomacentridae Chromis sp. Dalsel fish 5 3
Pomacentridae Abudefduf sp Sergent fish 4
[Siganidae] Siganid sp Rabbit fish 5
Station 3
[Scaridae] Scarus sp Parrot fish 3 5
[Acanthuridae] Acanthurus sp Surgeon fish 2 8
Chaetondontidae Chaetodon sp. Butterfly fish 7 6
Epinephelus Grouper/
<Serranidae> sp. Lapu-Lapu 2
Pomacentridae Abudefduf sp. Sergent fish 3
[Siganidae] Siganid sp. Rabbit fish 4
Mullidae Parapenius sp Goat fishes 1

Legend:

<fishes> - major reef carnivores

[fishes] - major reef herbivores
Fishes - fishes which are indicators of hard corals
 Table 7 Summary Results of Three Sampling Stations for Fish Visual Census

English STN AVE

Family Name Scientific Name Name 1 STN 2 STN 3 TOTAL %
Zanclidae Zanclus conutus Morish idol 4 0 0 4 3
[Scaridae] Scarus sp Parrot fish 0 5 8 13 9.7
[Acanthuridae] Acanthurus sp Surgeon fish 9 17 10 36 26.9
Pomacanthidae Pomacanthus sp Angel fish 5 0 0 5 3.6
Pomacentridae Chromis sp. Dalsel fish 5 8 3 16 12
Pomacentridae Abuldefduf sp Sergent fish 10 4 0 14 10.4
Chaetodontidae Chaetodon sp Butterfly fish 5 16 13 34 25.4
[Siganidae] Siganid sp Rabbit fish 0 5 4 9 6.7
Grouper/
<Serranidae> Epinephelus sp. Lapu-Lapu 0 0 2 2 1.5
Mullidae Parapenius sp Goat fishes 0 0 1 1 0.8
TOTAL 38 55 41 134 100

Figure 9 Percentage of reef fish families identified from the sampling stations conducted in Sitio Panglit,
Barangay San Lorenzo, Masinloc, Zambales
 C. Seagrass Habitat assessment

Seagrass habitat assessment was conducted in two sampling stations. The first station is
located in Yaha Islet that is located within the coordinates of 15º29’68” North and
119º55’78” East. The first quadrat of the first station is ten meters away from the mangrove
area and the tide during the assessment is high with the water depth of about 3 feet.

The species Enhalus spp. Is the most common and dominant species in San Lorenzo
Masinloc, Zambales. The area has a muddy to sandy substrate and with poor visibility. Too
long exposure to water in this area causes some stinging effect.

The status of seagrass in Station I is “Disturbed seagrass bed” and within the criteria of
high or low diversity beds occupying bays and coves near human habitation. These beds
receive constant impacts of human activities such as slight to moderate physical disturbance
and various kind of pollution that are not severe enough to eliminate or kill the seagrass. The
management priority is high priority for minimizing the existing human impacts in the area.

Several members of the community were observed gleaning in the area. Gleaners used
motorized banca that may damage the seagrass bed area.

The Station II lies within the coordinates of 15º29’23” North and 119º55’78” East. The
sampling site has a distance of 2 meters from the shoreline and is near the mangrove area. It
has a very poor visibility because of its muddy bottom substrate. During the assessment in
this station, the tide is going to low tide with about 2 feet in water depth. It is observed that
the seagrass beds are patchy in the area. Other species such as Thalassia sp was also present.
 Table 8 Results of Seagrass Assessment in Station 1

Transect Quadrat %
Species Substrate Other Observation
No. No. Cover

I 1 Enhalus 50 Sandy Algae

2 Enhalus 75 Sandy Sea serpent,shells (univalves
attached to leaves
3 Enhalus 75 Sandy, Algae, shells
muddy
4 Enhalus 70 Sandy Dead corrals, Cyprea sp.
5 Enhalus 65 Sandy Sea urchin (9 pcs)
6 Enhalus 60 sandy Placuna placenta (capiz
shell)-alive
II 1 Enhalus 80 sandy
2 Enhalus, 98 Sandy, Algae
Thalasia muddy
3 Enhalus, 85 Sandy,
Thalasia muddy
4 Enhalus 70 Sandy Algae, sea serpent, shell
5 Enhalus 65 Sandy, Dead mollusk
muddy
6 Enhalus 75 sandy Algae
III 1 Enhalus 65 Sandy, Hermit crab, sea urchin
muddy (dead0
2 Enhalus 55 Sandy, Sponges
muddy
3 Enhalus 60 Sandy Algae, sponges(dominant),
small fish
4 Enhalus 75 Sandy Sea urchin
5 Enhalus 65 Sandy, Dead shells, algae
Muddy
6 Enhalus 60 sandy Starfish, sponges, dead shells
 Table 9 Results of Seagrass Assessment in Station 2

Transec Quadrat %
Species Substrate Other Observation
t No. No. Cover

I 1 Enhalus 50 Muddy Poor visibility

2 Enhalus, 45 Muddy Halodule (dominant)
Halodule
3 Enhalus, 30 Muddy, patchy
Halodule sandy
4 Enhalus 10 Muddy,
sandy
5 Enhalus 50 Muddy,
sandy
6 Enhalus 5 Muddy,
sandy
II 1 Enhalus 15 Muddy
2 Enhalus 30 Muddy,
sandy
3 Enhalus 25 Muddy,
sandy
4 Enhalus 20 Muddy,
sandy
5 0 sponges
6 0 sponges
III 1 Enhalus 65 Sandy, Hermit crab, sea urchin
muddy (dead0
2 Enhalus 55 Sandy, Sponges
muddy
3 Enhalus 60 Sandy Algae, sponges(dominant),
small fish
4 Enhalus 75 Sandy Sea urchin
5 Enhalus 65 Sandy, Dead shells, algae
Muddy
6 Enhalus 60 sandy Starfish, sponges, dead shells
 D. Mangrove Habitat assessment

During the mangrove habitat assessment in Sitio Panglit, Brgy. San Lorenzo, Masinloc,
Zambales, two adjacent mangrove sites were assessed, covering a combined estimated area
of five hectares. On the first site, four transect lines were measured with twenty quadrats
while on the other site only two transect lines with six quadrats were measured. The total
number of mangrove species identified and measured was 316, mostly dominated by
Rhizopora apiculata (Bakauan lalake) and Rhizopora stylosa (Bakauan bankau). Four
quadrats showed no species identified (open areas). Height of the mangrove species was
measured at 1 meter (at the lowest) and 15 meters (at the highest) with computed average
height of 2.64 meters. Crown cover for each tree was computed as .7854 (crown diameter)2,
and the total crown diameter for all species measured was 1,095.63 m2. Getting the percent
cover of all species, the total crown diameter (1,095.63 m2) was divided by 2,600 m2 (26
quadrats x 100 m2), and the computed percent crown cover was .42%.

Data collected on the seedlings and saplings (regenerations) per square meter showed that
a total of 161 species were identified/listed on a total of 78 plots. It was computed that the
regeneration per square meter in the mangrove assessment site is 2 species per square
meter.

Therefore, based on the categories on the condition of the mangrove area assessed,
computed figures revealed that the mangrove site assessed in the area is generally in good
condition, considering that there are only slight disturbances and few cuttings in the site.
Although the percent crown cover computed was way below the poor category, it will not
reflect on the general condition of the mangrove area due to the fact that several cluster
growth of mangrove species were evident in the assessed area, making the crown of
mangrove species compete in spatial area thus resulting to suppressed crown growth.
III. COMMUNITY VISIONS

Due to declining catch, the community aims to have an alternative livelihood project such
as backyard piggery or poultry. The community believes that if their fishing boat will be
upgraded from non-motorized to motorized banca (single engine), catch will eventually
increase and this could possibly meet their daily needs and enable them to send their children
to school and earn a degree.

The most important thing that the community needs is a “Bigasan ng Panglit”. Residence
of Sitio Panglit purchase rice at the Masinloc town market which is 30-45 ride by boat.
Aside from the fare, during bad weather and strong waves, going to the market is not
possible.

In addition, the community identifies problems such as water system and farm to market
road. The barangay officials have already submitted a proposal for the electrification of Sitio
Panglit. They are also proposing for an irrigation system in the mainland.
 Participatory Coastal Resource Assessment
San Salvador, Masinloc, Zambales

I. DESCRIPTION OF THE STUDY AREA

A. Historical Sketch

San Salvador, an island barangay of the municipality of Masinloc in the province of

Zambales, is located in the western coast of Luzon island, Philippines. It has been
inhabited by approximately three generations of residents. The initial migrants, who
were largely farmers from the mainland of Zambales Province, neither had a well-
defined tradition of fisheries management of its own nor an indigenous experience on
fish stock management.

Before World War II, San Salvador residents recalled an abundance of marine
resources, use of non-destructive fishing methods, a relatively homogenous population
and a subsistence economy. These attributes, together with the lack of resource use
conflicts, enabled the village fishers to enjoy an open and unrestricted access to the
fishery resource.

During the World War II (early 1940s), Japanese troops occupied the island of San
Salvador and sometimes used explosives to catch fish, marking the early beginnings of
blast fishing in the area on a limited scale. After WW II and until the 1960s, most
village fishers continued to use non-destructive traditional fishing methods, such as hook
and line, improvised speargun, and gill nets. Also used was kunay, a beach seine with a
long scareline of coconut fronds for herding fish from the reef flat into a fine mesh net
(5cm net). Women often gleaned in shallow reefs. Local fisheries in the 1960s easily
met the subsistence needs of the village residents. Farming provided additional
livelihood for the island’s residents.
 In the 1970s, the scenario began to change due to three major events: (1) influx of
Visayan migrants from Central Philippines, who belonged to a different ethnolinguistic
group with different fishing practices; (2) integration of the village economy into the
international market for aquarium fish and (3) shift to destructive fishing operations.
The decade ushered in migrants who were searching for better fishing grounds and who
decided to settle in San Salvador, particularly in Cabangun (now Purok Maligaya) where
they purchased a piece of land. Relatives soon joined the initial batch of Visayan
migrants. The decade, moreover, saw a pronounced shift to non-traditional and
destructive fishing operations, such as blast fishing, aquarium fish collection using
sodium cyanide, and spear fishing with air compressor, which eventually devastated San
Salvador’s fishing grounds. The increased deployment of fine mesh nets aggravated the
indiscriminate harvest of large and small fish alike. The 1970s also marked the
integration of San Salvador into an export-oriented market for aquarium fish via
middlemen who visited the village. The Visayan migrants, in particular, were catching
aquarium fish for a growing market in the United States and Europe. Historically,
aquarium fish gatherers used sodium cyanide, which damages the reef.

Driven by poverty and population growth, fishers from the mainland of Zambales
province frequented the rich fishing grounds of San Salvador, thinking that marine
resources were inexhaustible. In the late 1980s, the effects of fishery depletion and
unabated destruction of coral reefs began to be felt. Open access to the resource, coupled
with the rapid decline in fish stocks over the past decades, subjected the fishery resources
to further stress. The average fish catch per unit effort reportedly dwindled from 20 kilos
per fishing trip in the late 1960s to merely 1-3 kilos in 1988. Many reef fishes such as
groupers, snappers and damselfish were depleted.

The lack of knowledge of marine ecosystems and the long-term effects of destructive
fishing methods could have led to irreversible damage were it not for the timely
intervention of external catalysts. In March 1987, Patrick Christie arrived in San
Salvador as a Peace Corps volunteer working with the Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic
Resources (BFAR). For about a year, he was instruments in assessing the needs of San
 Salvador, the level of environmental awareness of village residents, and existing reef
conditions. He initiated dialogues with village officials, the municipal mayor, non-
government organizations and the BFAR. In the process, he drummed up support for
rehabilitating the fishery resources of San Salvador. Thus, the concept of a marine
sanctuary and reserve emerged in 1988.

B. Biophysical Characteristics

1. Location

San Salvador is an island village situated in the municipality of Masinloc,

Zambales. The island lies between the coordinates of 15°34’00” North, and 119°56’00”
East. It is located 250 kms north of Metro Manila. The trip to Masinloc town proper
involves a six-hour ride by land transportation on a paved road network. San Salvador
itself is 2 kms west of Masinloc twon proper, requiring a 30-minute motorboat ride to the
island facing the South China Sea.

The island is bounded on the north by Masinloc Bay; on the east by Pirapir Island;
and on the south by Panglit Island and Magalawa Island of the neighboring municipality
of Palauig. It has a total land area of 449 hectares. The distance from the coastline is 11.5
kilometers. It takes about 30-45 minutes travel by boat from the mainland of Masinloc.

2. Climate and Soil Characteristics

The island has two (2) pronounced seasons: dry from October to June and wet
from July to September. It has three (3) soil characteristics – loam, sandy and clay soil.
 Figure 1 Location map of San Salvador Island, Masinloc, Zambales (www.mapcentral.ph)

C. Socio-Cultural-Economic Characteristics

1. Population and Household Size

San Salvador has a total population of 2,181 (1,124 male and 1,057 female) and
around 436 household (2007). The average number of children in the family is eight (8).
Natural method is the most common family planning method being practiced by couples
in the area. Increased in population is attributed to natural population growth.
 The highest educational attainment of the parents is high school (although most did
not finish their high school) while most of their children graduated from high school.
Half of the total households have toilets while the other half do not have. The houses are
mostly made of GI sheets, cemented walls, glass windows and cemented floor. The
island has potable spring water that serves as major source of water. Dug well and
jetmatic or artesian well are additional sources of water for the community.

In terms of religious affiliation, about seventy five percent (75%) of the community
are Catholic and the rest comprises of Baptist, Iglesia ni Cristo, Jehovah’s Witnesses and
Dating Daan.
2. Community Resources

Figure 2 . Community Map of San Salvador Is., Masinloc, Zambales

 a. Physical Infrastructures
The following are the community infrastructures present in the area:

• Public Elementary School

• Public High School
• Catholic Chapel
• Baptist Church
• Water System/Watertank (not functional)
• Barangay Health Center
• Barangay Hall
• Barangay Roads

b. Natural Resources
The following are the coastal habitats that can be found around the island:

1. Mangrove forests
2. Seagrass beds
3. Coral reefs
4. Beach area

Table 1 Transect Walk Diagram of San Salvador Is.

Habitat Lowland/ Bakawan Aplaya Hunasan Damuhan Bahura Ilalim

Management Settlement (mangrove) (beach) (tidal flat) (seagrass bed) (reef/shoal) (deep
Parameter area water)
Mga Likas na rice, mango, alimango, shells, shells, Hermit shells, fish finfish Finfish
Kayamanan swine, fry niyog crab, shells,
(natural resources) vegetables, goat (coconut), alimango
mango,
tamarind
Mga uri ng farming, goat firewood, fishery Gleaning gleaning harvest and sell fishing Fishing
hanapbuhay, mga raising, swine shells and fish
pagkakataon (types raising
of livelihood,
oppurtunities)
Mga suliranin lack of cutting is illegal source of improper boat docking, compressor declining
(problem/issues) irrigation, no drinking garbage damaged fish
source of water disposal seagrass bed catch
drinking water
It was observed during the transect walk that the natural resources was fully utilized yet the
production is not enough for the community because of the decline of catch in fishery and
harvest season for fruit bearing trees and rice farming operation is not all year round. Due to
lack of irrigation that will supply water to ricefields and vegetables, they solely depend on rainy
season that usually delays the planting operation. Because of its topographic location, the
people of San Salvador mostly engaged on fishing activities like gleaning because it need not
require high amount of operating expenses.

3. Livelihood

Major source of income in the community are farming, construction, charcoal

making, fish vending and about seventy five percent (75%) of the community are
engaged in fishing activities. There are 500 full time fishers in the area, and around 300
of them are registered. There are approximately 120 municipal fishing boats, wherein
100 are motorized and more or less 20 are non-motorized boats. The estimated income
derived from fishing is around 3,000-4,000 a month.

The other non-farm sources of income of the community are the following:

• Sewing
• Sari-sari store
• Market vending
• Overseas workers
• Construction
• Teaching
• Government service
• Boat building
• Skilled laborer/wage earners
4. Fisheries Activities

The calendar diagram below illustrates the common fishing gears that are used in the
area, hook and line (kawil), liftnet (singapong) and spear (pana); the common fish species
that are caught such as dilis (monamon), talakitok, bonito, mataan, samaral, guno, tuna,
pating, lapu-lapu, maya-maya, and other marine organisms such as pusit, halaan, lukan,
and other shells; and the rainfall and wind direction for the entire year.

The diagram below shows the trend of catch from 1970’s to the present. There was a
slight decline in fish catch during the late 1980’s due to sudden increase of the number of
fishermen and intrusion of commercial fishing boats in the area. But the abrupt drop in the
fish catch was experienced in the late 1990’s because of the rampant illegal activities such
as dynamite fishing, use of compressor and cyanide fishing in the area. However, in the
early year of 2000’s, there was an obvious increase as a result of to the strict enforcement
of fishery laws. At present there is a gradual decrease due to the alleged siltation from the
mining activities in the upland. These are only some of the perceived threats that the
community is facing, others are the coastal or water pollution and contamination due to
improper waste disposal.

There are two (2) mariculture projects existing in the area, the Taclobo Farm managed
by the local government of Masinloc, and the Seaweed Farms owned by private investors.

Figure 3 Trend Diagram

Figure 4 Calendar Diagram
 D. Institutional Aspects

1. Community Organizations

Date Formal or Main Functions/Area of

People’s Organizations
Established Informal Concern

Samahang Pangkaunlaran ng 1993 Formal Conservation

San Salvador (SPSS)

Bantay Dagat Federation Formal Law Enfrocement

Masinloc Marine Sanctaury Formal Conservation

Association

2. External Supporting Organizations

According to the community people, there are also external organizations supporting
the community such as the following:

• Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources (BFAR)

• Department of Agriculture (DA)

• Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR)

• Department of Health (DOH)

• Department of Social Welfare and Development (DSWD)

• Philippine National Police (PNP)

• National Power Corporation (NAPOCOR)

• NGO

• Municipal Government of Masinloc

 The most visible organizations in terms of projects and assistance being extended to
the community are BFAR, DA and DENR. The community stressed out the need to
strengthen community health services thru regular visit of doctors or nurses in the island.
Likewise, the need to improve the water and electrical facilities is evident in the area.
Most houses use battery operated lamps while other only use kerosene lighted lamps.

Figure 5. illustrates the various external organizations working within the community
and the extent of their support and interaction (lines represent the degree of relationships
between the community and the organization and the distance of the organizations from
the community circle indicates the extent by which villagers feel an organization works
for their interest).

Figure 5 Institutional Diagram

E. Coastal Resource Management Activities

The barangay council conducts annual coastal clean up which is being participated by
the barangay officials and some community members. In fact, the barangay has an
existing barangay ordinance on this matter. In addition to this, mangrove planting has
been done several times in the area. As a result of this, the mangrove condition in the
area is considered very good.
The area is also a site for the San Salvador Marine Sanctuary, a long-running MPA
project. This pilot program for transplantation of corals and giant clams (Tridacna spp.)
has been initiated in cooperation with the Marine Science Institute, University of the
Philippines. Through the Local Governance for Coastal Management Project, initiatives
have been undertaken around the island for integrated coastal resources management. It is
located near the high priority marine corridors of biodiversity significance.

F. Law Enforcement

At present, there are around 70 Bantay Dagat volunteers in the area wherein half of
them are already deputized. In terms of enforcement of fishery laws, rules and
regulations, the community fared well on this. However there is still a need to further
strengthen the enforcement of existing laws and ordinances on fisheries and coastal
activities in order to regain back the depleted resources in the area and to eventually
increase the fish catch of the fishermen. The community also mentioned the need for the
continued support from the government agencies, non-government organizations and
LGU in order to realize these visions.
II. HABITAT ASSESSMENT

A. Coral Reef

1. Manta Tow Survey Results

Average percentage cover of hard corals, soft corals and dead corals of the two
sampling stations established is presented in Table 1. Station 1 which has 47 % cover
(for both hard and soft corals) showed fair coral cover while Stations 2 has good coral
cover with 50 % total live cover. In general, the condition of the reefs for both stations
was fair with an overall average live coral cover of 48.5 % (see Table 2.)

Table 2 Results of Manta Tow Conducted in Barangay San Salvador Island, Masinloc, Zambales

Tow Coordinates LHC SC DC DCA Sand/S Total

No. (live (soft (dead (dead coral ilt/
hard coral) coral) w/ algae) Rubble
coral)
1 15o32’01 N 46 1 40 5 8 100
119o35’20 E
2 15o32’03 N 40 10 20 0 30 100
119o55’12 E
Overall Average 43 5.5 30 2.5 19 100

Figure 6 Results of Manta Tow Survey based on percentage cover of the area
Table 3 Average percentage cover of hard corals, soft corals, and total live corals (hard and soft corals combined) dead corals
and reef condition observed in the 2 stations surveyed in San Salvador Island using manta tow reconnaissance technique.

Tow Coordinates HC (hard SC (soft Live DC Reef Condition

No. coral) coral) coral (dead
coral)
1 15o32’01 N 46 1 47 40 Fair
119o35’20 E

2 15o32’03 N 40 10 50 20 Good
119o55’12 E

Overall Average 43 5.5 48.5 30 Fair

Figure 7 Average percentage coral cover and reef condition observed in the 2 stations surveyed in San Salvador Island using
manta tow reconnaissance technique
 2. Snorkel Survey Result

The two (2) transect sampling stations were established in the island of San
Salvador, Masinloc, Zambales. The living coral cover for both hard and soft has an
average percent cover of about 46.9 %. The results for the two (2) sampling stations were
fair (Table 2.) The rubbles and dead corals presently observed in the area which
contribute an average cover of about 9.5 % and 18.1 %, respectively could be attributed to
the use of destructive fishing activities particularly the dynamite and cyanide fishing.
Dead coral with algae has an average cover of 19.1 % while sand and silt covers are about
5.6 % of the quadrat.

Figure 8 Percentage Cover based on Snorkel Survey using Transect and Quadrat Method.
 Table 4 . Results of Snorkel Survey using Transect and Quadrat Method

Transect Quadrat LHC SC DC DCA Plants Other (Rubble/rock) (Sand/silt) Total Other
No. No. (live (soft (dead (dead (algae, Animals Observations
hard coral) coral) coral seagrass) (sponges, (causes of
coral) w/ clams, coral damage,
algae) etc) other
invertebrates,
water
visibility, etc.)
1 1 55 15 30 0 0 0 0 0 100
2 65 0 30 5 0 0 0 0 100
3 34 0 66 0 0 0 0 0 100
4 50 0 45 0 0 0 0 5 100
5 15 0 5 0 0 0 80 0 100
43.80 3.00 35.20 1.00 0.00 0.00 16.00 1.00 100.00
2 1 60 0 0 40 0 0 0 0 100
2 50 0 5 45 0 0 0 0 100
3 25 2 0 73 0 0 0 0 100
4 25 0 0 25 0 0 0 50 100
5 75 0 0 10 0 0 15 0 100
47.00 0.40 1.00 38.60 0.00 0.00 3.00 10.00 100.00
Ave 45.4 1.7 18.1 19.8 0 0 9.5 5.5 100
 3. Line Intercept Technique (LIT) Result

The two transect sampling stations established were generally in fair condition
with an average of 47% of live coral cover (see Table 4). Soft corals were found absent
in Stations 1 and 2. Dead corals provided between 41 % and 30% cover (average of
35.5%), mostly covered by assemblages of algae which indicates that the corals had been
dead for a long time. White dead corals were also observed with an average of 5% of the
transect. Sand/silt cover were observed at station 2 with an average of 1%.

Similarly, rubble were recorded in the two sampling stations that make a
significant percentage of the total reef bottom cover, with 5% at station 1 while station 2
has the high percentage cover with 9% (average of 7%).
Table 5 Summary Results of Line Intercept Technique using Transect Method

Benthic lifeforms/Coral reef

STN 1 STN 2 AVE
Component
Live hard coral 54 49 51.50
White dead coral 0 10 5.00
Dead coral with algae 41 30 35.50
Rubble 5 9 7.00
Sand/Silt 0 2 1.00

Figure 9 Percentage cover based on Line Intercept Technique using Transect Method
B. Fish Visual Census

Based on estimated counts of fish species from two (2) sampling stations, a total of 40
individuals were recorded belonging to the family Acanthuridae which is (26.6%), 16
individuals from the family Scaridae (10.6%), 11 individuals from the family Holocentridae
(10.6%), 2 individuals from the family Siganidae (1.3%), and 1 individual from the family
Aulostonidae (0.6%) in terms of major reef herbivores.

Indicator of hard coral species from the family Chaetodontidae have 26 individuals
which is (17.3 %), 37 individuals from the family Pomacentridae (24.6%), 5 individuals from
the family Zanclidae (3.3%), and family Balistidae and Mulidae with 1 individual each had
the same percentage of (0.6%).

Major reef carnivores observed species from the family Serranidae have 2 individuals out
of two sampling stations in the area with 1.3%. Other family with 8 individuals was 5.3%
(Table 6.)

In terms of fish abundance, Family Acanthuridae were dominant in stations 1 and 2 and
followed by the family Chaetodontidae and Pomacentridae (Table 5.)

Figure 10 Percentage of families identified from two Sampling Stations conducted in Barangay San Salvador
 Table 6 Results of Fish Species Identified, Counted and Size Estimated from two Sampling Stations Conducted in Barangay
San Salvador

Family Common Name Stn. 1 Stn. 2 Total %

Zanclidae Morish idol 5 0 5 3.33
Scaridae Parrot fish 8 8 16 10.67
Acanthuridae Surgeon fish 20 20 40 26.67
Pomacanthidae Angel fish 5 0 5 3.33
Chaetodontidae Butterfly fish 10 16 26 17.33
Pomacentridae Damsel fish 19 7 26 17.33
Pomacentridae Sergent fish 0 6 6 4.00
Aulostomidae Trumphet fish 1 0 1 0.67
Holocentridae Squirrel fish 6 5 11 7.33
Serranidae Grouper 0 2 2 1.33
Siganidae Rabbit fish 0 2 2 1.33
Balistidae Trigger fish 0 1 1 0.67
Mullidae Goat fish 0 1 1 0.67
Others Others 8 0 8 5.33
Total 82 68 150 100

C. Sea Grass Habitat Assessment

There are patches of seagrass in some areas of San Salvador Island. Sitio Habang has the
abundance of seagrass that appears like Bermuda grass. The assessment was done in one of
the Sanctuaries of Masinloc.

Classification:

Pristine seagrass bed – High or low species diversity bordering land masses or
islands far removed from human habitation, disturbed only by normal intensity of natural
elements; often formed thick assemblages in shallow waters.
 Table 7 Results of Seagrass Assessment in Barangay San Salvador

Location: Habang, Brgy. San. Salvador, Msinloc, Zambales

Date: August 27, 2008
Time starts: 11:00 AM
T ime ends: 12:05 PM

Quadrat % Other
Transect No. Species Substrate
No. Cover Observation/s
1 1 Sickle, needle 4 sandy
2 Sickle, needle 80 sandy
3 Sickle, needle 80 sandy dead coral
4 Sickle, needle 70 sandy
5 Sickle 60 sandy
6 Sickle 60 sandy dead coral
Ave. 59

2 1 Sickle, needle 40 sandy stone

2 Sickle, needle 75 sandy
3 Sickle, needle 70 sandy
4 Sickle, needle 60 sandy
5 Sickle, needle 50 sandy/muddy
6 Sickle, needle 70 sandy/muddy Dead coral &shell
Ave. 60.83

3 1 Sickle, needle 2 dominant stone Padina sp.

2 Sickle, needle 70 sandy/muddy Presence of shell
3 Sickle, needle 60 muddy
4 Sickle, needle (few) 80 sandy/muddy
5 eel, sickle 75 muddy
6 eel, sickle 95 sandy/muddy
Ave. 63.67

Computation (% Cover)
59
59.33
63.66
----------------
181.99/3 = 60.66 % cover
 D. Mangroves Habitat Assessment

Table 8 Mangrove Regenaration Result

Transect Quadrat Plot Species Count Observations

Number No Number
1 1 1 Bakawan Bato 4 planted
2 Bakawan Bato 2 planted
3 Bakawan Bato 0 planted
2 1 Bakawan Bato 1 planted
2 Bakawan Bato 0 planted
3 Bakawan Bato 2 planted
2 1 1 Bungalon 1 planted
2 0 planted
3 Bakawan Bato 2 planted
2 1 Bungalon 1 natural
2 0
3 0
3 1 1 Pagatpat 6 natural
2 Pagatpat 3 natural
3 Bakawan Bato 1 planted
2 1 0
2 Bakawan Bato 2 planted
3 Bakawan Bato 2 planted
4 1 1 Bakawan Bato 1 planted
2 Bakawan Bato 3 planted
3 Bakawan Bato 2 planted
2 1 Bakawan Bato 2 planted
2 Bakawan Bato 2 planted
3 Bakawan Bato 2 planted
Bunmgalon
5 1 1 (kalapini) 1
Bakawan Bato 2 B Bato and
2 Bungalon 3 1 Bungalon
3 bungalon 1
2 1 0
2 0
3 0
30 44
Regeneration per sedlings per
Total seedling counted square meter 1.5 square meter

Area sampled =
10% of 1 hectare is =
Number of Plots= 30 plots
seedlings counted =44 seedlings
Regeneration per square meter = Total Regeneration Counts 44 sedlings 1.5 seedlings per sq. meter
Total number of Regenaration Plots 30 plots
 Table 9 Mangroves Matured Trees Result
Transect Quadrat Tree Total Crown Diameter Total Crown
No. No. No. Substrate Species ht. (ave m) Observations Diameter
1 1 1 sandy rocky to muddy Pagatpat 10 5.25 plenty of mud skippers 22
2 sandy rocky to muddy Pagatpat 10 13.5 shells and small fishes 143
3 sandy rocky to muddy Pagatpat 4 3.5 10
4 sandy rocky to muddy Pagatpat 3 3 7
5 sandy rocky to muddy Pagatpat 3 2.5 5
2 1 1 sandy rocky to muddy Bungalon(kalapini) 20 3.25 8
2 sandy rocky to muddy Bungalon(kalapini) 4 2.25 4
3 sandy rocky to muddy Bakawan Bato 6 1.6 2
4 sandy rocky to muddy Bungalon(kalapini) 1 0 cut 5month ago 0
5 sandy rocky to muddy Bakawan Bato 1 1 1
3 1 1 sandy rocky to muddy Pagatpat 15 5 20
2 sandy rocky to muddy Pagatpat 16 6.5 33
3 sandy rocky to muddy Pagatpat 3 1.5 2
4 sandy rocky to muddy Pagatpat 4.5 1.6 2
5 sandy rocky to muddy Pagatpat 2 0.9 1
6 sandy rocky to muddy Pagatpat cut dead 0
7 sandy rocky to muddy Pagatpat 7 1.65 2
8 sandy rocky to muddy Pagatpat 12 2.85 6
9 sandy rocky to muddy Pagatpat 8 2.65 6
10 sandy rocky to muddy Pagatpat 1 2.5 5
11 sandy rocky to muddy Pagatpat 8 2 3
12 sandy rocky to muddy Pagatpat 2 1.5 2
13 sandy rocky to muddy Pagatpat 15 6.5 33
14 sandy rocky to muddy Pagatpat 8 1.25 1
15 sandy rocky to muddy Pagatpat 15 10 79
16 sandy rocky to muddy Pagatpat 4 1.5 2
2 1 sandy rocky to muddy Bungalon 2 1 1
2 sandy rocky to muddy Bakawan Bato 2.5 0.55 0
4 1 1 sandy rocky to muddy Bakawan Bato 3 2.5 5
2 sandy rocky to muddy Pagatpat 5 1.25 1
3 sandy rocky to muddy Pagatpat 8 2.7 6
4 sandy rocky to muddy Pagatpat 5 2.65 6
Transect Quadrat Tree Total Crown Diameter Total Crown
No No No Substrate Species Ht (ave m) Observations Diameter
5 sandy rocky to muddy Pagatpat 15 8 50
6 sandy rocky to muddy Pagatpat 10 9 64
7 sandy rocky to muddy Pagatpat 15 4.5 16
8 sandy rocky to muddy Pagatpat 5 1 1
2 1 sandy rocky to muddy Pagatpat 3 1 1
2 sandy rocky to muddy Pagatpat 15 7.75 47
3 sandy rocky to muddy Pagatpat 16 16.5 214
4 sandy rocky to muddy Pagatpat 15 9 64
5 sandy rocky to muddy Pagatpat 8 5.5 24
6 sandy rocky to muddy Pagatpat 5 1.75 2
5 1 1 sandy rocky to muddy Pagatpat 16 13 133
2 sandy rocky to muddy Pagatpat 12 4 13
3 sandy rocky to muddy Pagatpat 1 2 3
4 sandy rocky to muddy Pagatpat 2 1.25 1
5 sandy rocky to muddy Pagatpat 2 cut sprouting 0
2 1 sandy rocky to muddy Pagatpat 5.5 1.5 2
2 sandy rocky to muddy Pagatpat 5.5 2.5 5
48
trees Total height 359 1054

Percent Crown Cover = total crown of all trees 1054 x 100 105%
total area sampled 1000
Status is
Excellent
Average Height in meters = total height of all trees recorded 359 7meters
Total number of trees recorded 48

Regeneration per square meter = Total Regeneration Counts 44 sedlings 1.5 seedlings
Total number of Regenaration Plots 30 plots per sq meter
III. COMMUNITY VISIONS

Due to some issues and problems that the community is facing such as, depletion of
marine resources, improper waste disposal, siltation and destruction of coastal habitats due to
illegal fishing practices, developmental projects were proposed by the locals of San Salvador,
these are as follows:

1. Resort development
2. Inland road widening
3. Upgrading of the water system in the area
4. Electrification for the whole island
5. Solid waste management program
6. Marine sanctuary
7. Forest trees and mangrove protection
 Participatory Coastal Resource Assessment
Barangay South Poblacion Masinloc, Zambales

I. DESCRIPTION OF THE STUDY AREA

A. Biophysical Characteristics

1. Location

Barangay South Poblacion lies between the coordinates of 15º32’08”

North and 119º56’56” East. It is bounded by the Provincial road (Calle M.
Olondiz Sr.) in the North, Barangay Inhobol in the East and Masinloc Bay in the
South and West part. It has a land area of 37.4283 hectares and an estimated of
1.5 kilometers length of coastline. The town proper is located between Brgys.
South and North Poblacion.

There are seven (7) puroks in Brgy. South Poblacion: Bagong Anyo,
Paraiso, Maharlika, Bagong Silang, Masagana, Bagong Lipunan and Aloha.

Figure 1. Location Map of Brgy. South Poblacion, Masinloc, Zambales

 2. Climate and Soil Characteristics

Barangay South Poblacion, has two pronounced seasons, dry from middle
of February to middle of May and wet season from mid-late of May to August.
Soil types in the area are loam, sandy and clay.

B. Socio Cultural-Economic Characteristics

1. Population and Household Size

Barangay South Poblacion has a total population of three thousand eight

hundred seventeen (3,817). One thousand nine hundred eighteen (1,918) or about
50% of the population are males while one thousand eight hundred ninety nine
(1,899) or almost 50% are females. Total number of households based in
barangay profile is seven hundred eight (708).

The average number of children in a family ranges from four (4) to six (6).
Through the information campaign of the Local Government Unit and with the
help of the Barangay Health Workers, the importance of population control was
known by the couples of Barangay South Poblacion. Approximately, twenty
percent (20%) of married couples in the locality is engaged with family planning.
The most common birth control methods being practiced are injectables, pills,
ligation, IUD and natural or rhythm method. Population increase for the past
years was primarily due to natural birth and migration. Children, youth and
adults have almost the same ratio of about 30% while elderly have 10% of the
total population.

About seventy percent (70%) of the residents are Catholic. The biggest
and the oldest Catholic Church in the Province of Zambales was built during the
Spanish Period in 1607 which is located in Brgy. South Poblacion. The Catholic
Cemetery is situated at the Southeastern part of the barangay. And
approximately, thirty percent (30%) of the community are Iglesia ni Cristo,
Jehovah’s Witness, Baptist, and Divine Crusader.
 Educational attainment of both parents is high school level while most of
the children are still studying and the others are high school graduates.
Scholarships offered by politicians (Office of the Congressman) and LGU is very
beneficial for the college education of children in the barangay.

Houses in the barangay are about 80% made of G.I. sheets and 20%
nipa/cogon for roofing, almost 80% of walls are cemented, pull-up types or
traditional windows made of wood are still common and flooring materials are
about 50% made of cement and the other half have earthen floor. About 75% of
the households have toilets in their houses while the fishing village has
approximately 25% have no toilets.

There are two sources of water in the area, piped water or MWD is the
most common and jetmatic /artesian wells are still available in the barangay.

2. Community Resources

a. Physical Infrastructure

Community infrastructures present in Brgy. South Poblacion are as follows:

• Basketball court
• Barangay Hall
• Concrete Road
• Day Care Center
• Roman Catholic Cemetery
• Health Center
• High School
- San Andres School
• Church
- Roman Catholic Church
- Bethany
- Chapel of Divine Crusader Church
- Jehova’s Witness
• Cold Storage of Western Luzon Deep Sea Fishing
• Fish port
b. Natural Resources

South Poblacion, although located in Masinloc town proper, has a

substantial number of coastal ecosystems that include, seagrass beds mangrove
areas, beaches and coral reefs. These ecosystems are utilized mainly as source
of different aquatic organisms like fish, crustaceans, shells, mollusks and others.
These resources are also used for transportation purposes and tourism related
activities like swimming, snorkeling and boating. However, since the village is
very close to the town proper, problems like domestic and solid wastes,
encroachment of mangrove areas and illegal settlers along the beach have
become very rampant. Dwindling fish catch forced other villagers to other
livelihood options like growing of vegetables in their own backyards, provision
of manual labor, selling of goods, fish processing and net mending and making
to augment their daily household consumption. The villagers identified illegal
fishing activities like dynamite, sodium cyanide and compressor fishing as the
most important management issue in the village.
Figure 2. Community Resources Map of Brgy. South Poblacion, Masinloc, Zambales
 Table 1. Transect Walk Diagram
Brgy. South Poblacion, Masinloc, Zambales

Habitat Lowland Bakawan Aplaya (Beach) Damuhan Bahura (Reefs

Management Settlement (Mangrove) (Sea grass) shoal)
Parameter Area
Mga Likas na Mango trees, Samaral, talakitok,bakawan Goats, pagatpat, Shells, Shells, Balat (sea cucumber),
Kayamanan coconuts, lalake, pagatpat, shells (aniit), clams, oysters, coconut arosep, octopus, squid, shells
(Natural papaya, tilapia, milkfish, crabs trees, bananas, seagrass (cockles), lobsters,
Resources) malunggay, (alimango, coconut trees vegetable (ribbon), seaweeds, milkfish
pigs, chickens, clams
cows, (halaan),
vegetables, balat, hipon,
cocks alimango
Mga Uri ng Net making, Mangrove cutting, wood Retail stores, beach hut Harvesting Tourism
Hanapbuhay, Mga boat making, gathering, charcoal making, rentals, boat making, and selling of (snorkeling/diving),
Pagkakataon retail stores, fishing, navigational hiway, net mending/making, the above fishing, gleaning, sea
(Types of fishing, bagoong making, fish mentioned cucumber collection,
Livelihood, vegetable drying, hook and line, resources, sea
opportunities) farming, shell gathering, fish cucumber
bagoong landing sites drying and
making processing,
Mga Suliranin Lack of Mangrove cutting, solid Solid wastes, illegal Feed residuals Coral bleaching,
(Problems/ Issues) livelihood, wastes, illegal settlers, settlers, washed out from nearby suspended solids,
unemployment conversion to houses, fish landing site, water cages, feed residuals, illegal
encroachment, domestic pollution, domestic fishing practices
wastes wastes, dwindling catch
3. Livelihood

The most common job among women in Brgy. South Poblacion is being an
employee in a store to sell goods or as a salesclerk with an average salary of Php
1,500.00 per month. On the other hand, men are on hard labor for an average
compensation of Php 150.00 daily. These occupations are very convenient for them
since the Masinloc Town Market, where they work is accessible to where they live.

There are only twenty farmers in the area. Farmers usually produce 20-30
kaban per cropping per 600m2. Farming depends on rain (rainfed), thus they only
have one cropping a year .

There are about three hundred (300) fishers in Brgy. South Poblacion. All of
them are full time fishermen but only forty one (41) are registered in the
municipality. There are only one hundred fishing boats existing in the area. Fifty
(50) boats are motorized, having 10 to 16 horsepower engine, which are usually
engaged in deep-sea fishing operations, while the rest are non-motorized, which are
commonly used in shallow waters. Generally, the wives are in-charge of the
marketing of fish species caught. Seaweed farming is also available in the area and
has operated by a private individual.

Barbecue-stick-making also augments their daily income. There are numerous

skills available in the locality like bagoong-making (shrimp/fish paste), net-
mending and boat-building. Some of the communities have undergone training on
tinapa-making (smoked fish).

The following was set by the community as priority for livelihood projects;
tinapa making, poultry, bagoong making, fish cage, fish pen, sea weeds farming
and sea cucumber culture.
 4. Fishing Activities

Calendar diagram shows seasonality of fishing catch. Fishing operations are

done all through-out the year. There are different gears used in the area. The most
common fishing gears used are: hook and line (kawil), multiple hooks and line
(kitang), squid jigger (pamusit) and spear (pana). Multiple hooks and line or
locally known as kitang is used to catch reef or demersal fish species which is being
operated for the whole year. While hook and line or kawil is used to catch tuna
species and is operational from the month of January to May. Sapsap and
alimasag were common caught species from May to August with the use of tabo.
Squid jigger is being operated from May to June.

In 1970’s, fish species caught were about 20 kgs. for every fishing operation.
Fishing ground was within the municipal water. Due to increase in the number of
fishermen and advancement of fishing gears, fish catch started to decline in 1980’s.
The trend continues till the 90’s because fishermen operated beyond fifteen (15)
kilometers or outside the municipal waters and others even travel to other barangays
or municipalities. Increase in the number of fishermen and intrusion of illegal
fishing were the primary causes of decline in fish catch.

Figure 3. Graph Showing the Trend of Fish Catch in Brgy. South Poblacion,
Masinloc, Zambales
 FISHING
JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC
GEAR/SPECIES

Tabo sapsap, alimasag

Pamusit/Squid
pusit pula at puti
jigger

Kitang/Hook and reef fish ( demersal fish)

line

Kawil/Hook and (tuna species)

line

WIND
RAINFALL

Amihan

Habagat

Tag-ulan

Tag-init

Figure 4. Calendar Diagram of Brgy. South Poblacion, Masinloc, Zambales

C. Institutional Aspects

1. Community Organizations

The community has no existing organization at present. They are willing to

participate and organize an association.

2. External Supporting Organizations

The following are agencies that support the community:

• Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources (BFAR)

• Department of Agriculture (DA)
• Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR)
• Municipal Government of Masinloc (LGU)

Figure 5. Institutional Diagram of Brgy. South Poblacion, Masinloc, Zambales

 People of Barangay South Poblacion are benefiting from the services of the Local
Government Unit (LGU) like health and feeding program, immunization and anti-rabies
vaccines. Scholarship program of the LGU and the Office of Congressman (Cong. Diaz)
are important assistance for the education of their children. The Department of
Agriculture-Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources (DA-BFAR) and the Department
of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR) needs to strengthen the services
delivered to the community.

D. Coastal Resource Management

The community of Brgy. South Poblacion has full compliance when it comes to
existing CRM related rules. The Local Government Unit, Barangay Council and
Police have full support on existing programs/activities in the barangay. Some
coastal resource management activities present in the barangay were mangrove
reforestation and coastal clean-up. Regardless of high level of compliance, the
community has low participation with regard to CRM activities and programs.
Several activities such as compressor, dynamite and sodium cyanide are identified to
be destructive to the coastal area. Waste material from NAPOCOR is suspected to be
the main cause of water turbidity in the municipal waters of Masinloc.

Problem with improper waste disposal is suggested to have a compost pit or

segregate the biodegradable and non-biodegradable materials.

E. Law Enforcement

There are no existing law enforcement group/agencies operating in Brgy. South

Poblacion. Sometimes, Bantay Dagat of nearby barangays operates in their coastal
water. The participants commented that not all law enforcers are doing their job
because of the kakilala system. Due to the absence of law enforcement group,
deputation of fish warden is highly recommended.
 II. HABITAT ASSESSMENT

A. Coral Reef Habitat Assessment

1. Manta Tow Survey

The first tow observed has 25% coral cover while the second tow has 22%. Sand,
silt and rubble was found to be dominant in the area. The reef condition was poor, with
an overall average live coral cover of 23.5%.

Table 1. Result of Manta Tow Survey Conducted in Brgy. Poblacion

LHC DCA
SC DC
(Live (Dead Other
Tow No. Coordinates (Soft (Dead Sand/Silt/Rubble Total
Hard Coral w/ Observations
Coral) Coral)
Coral) Algae)
1 15o 32’15" N 25 0 10 0 65 100 coral rubbles/
o
119 56’09 "E sea urchin
2 15o32’04 "N 22 0 15 10 53 100
o
119 56’05" E
Average 23.5 0 12.5 5 59 100

Figure 6. Graph Showing the Benthic Composition of Brgy. South Poblacion, Using the
Manta Tow Method
 Table 2. Average Percentage Cover of Live and Dead Corals in Brgy. South Poblacion
Using Manta Tow

LHC SC DC
Reef
Tow No. Coordinates (Live Hard (Soft % Total (Dead
Condition
Coral) Coral) Coral)
1 15o 32’15" N 25 0 25 10 Poor
o
119 56’09 "E
2 15o32’04 "N 22 0 22 15 Poor
o
119 56’05" E
Overall
23.5 0 23.5 12.5 Poor
Average

Figure 7. Graph Showing the Percent Coral Cover in Brgy. South Poblacion, Using the
Manta Tow Technique
 2. Snorkel Survey/Quadrat Method

Based on snorkel survey, the live coral cover has poor condition having an
average percent cover of about 16.9%. Rubbles and dead observed to be present in the
area having an average cover of 28.6% and 1% respectively and could be attributed with
the use of destructive fishing gears such as dynamite and cyanide. Dead coral with algae
were also recorded with an average cover of 1.5%. Abiotic components like sand and silt
covered about 47.75 % of the quadrat.

Table 3. Average Percentage Coral Cover in Brgy. South Poblacion Using Snorkel Survey

Transect Other Rubble/ Sand/ Other

LHC SC DC DCA Plants Total
No. Animals Rock Silt Observations

1 14 0 2 3 0 3 38.5 39.5 100

2 19.8 0 2 3 0 5.5 18.7 56 100
16.9 0 2 3 0 4.25 28.6 47.75 100

Figure 8. Graph Showing the Average Coral Cover in Brgy. South Poblacion, Using the
Snorkel Survey
 3. Line Intercept Method

The reef was found generally in poor condition with an average of 23.25% coral
cover based on the line-intercept method conducted. Soft corals were absent in the area.
Dead corals were found to have about 34.5% cover, mostly surfaced by assemblages of
algae which indicates that the corals had been dead for a long time. White dead coral
were also observed with an average of 0.25%. Non-living components like sand or silt
were surveyed with an average of 18.50% cover. Rubbles were also recorded that made a
significant percentage of the total reef bottom cover of 11.75 %. Presence of other
animals was also recognized with an average of 2% of the overall percent cover.

Table 4. Average Percentage Coral and Benthic Cover of Brgy. South Poblacion, Using
Line-Intercept-Method

Benthic lifeforms/
AVE
Coral Reef
%
Component
Live hard coral 23.25%
Live soft coral 9.5%
White dead coral 0.25%
Dead coral with algae 34.5%
Sponges 1%
Others animals 2%
Seagrass 0.25%
Rubble 11.75%
Sand/Silt 18.50% Figure 9.Showing the Ave. Coral Cover of Brgy. South
Poblacion, Using Line Intercept Method
 B. Fish Visual Census

A total of 170 fish individuals were recorded in the area. Sixteen (16) individuals
belong to the family of Acanthuridae (9.41%), and 6 individuals were from the family of
Scaridae (3.53%) which were considered as major reef herbivores.

Indicator of hard coral species has a total of 18 individuals from the family
Chaetodontidae (10.58%), 114 individuals from the family Pomacentridae (67.05%)
that are the species of Damsel fish and Sergeant fish, 10 individuals from the family
Nemipteridae (5.90%), and 6 individuals belong to the family Labridae (3.53%).

Family Pomacentridae, and Chaetodontidae were found to be the most dominant

fish species in the area, followed by the family Acanthuridae and Nemipteridae.

Table 5. Summary of Fish Species Identified, Counted and Size Estimated in Brgy. South
Poblacion, Masinloc, Zambales

Sampling Stations
Average
Family Name Scientific Name English Name Station 1 Station 2 TOTAL %

[Scaridae] Scarus surdidus Parrot fish 6 0 6 3.53

Chaetodontidae Chaetodon auriga Butterfly fish 12 6 18 10.58
Pomacentridae Chromis caudalis Damsel fish 11 10 21 12.35
Abuldefduf
Pomacentridae sexfaciatus Sergeant fish 53 40 93 54.70
Nemipteridae Scolopsis bilineatus Coral breams 8 2 10 5.90
Labridae coris batuensis wrasse 2 4 6 3.53
[Acanthuridae] Acanthurus sp Surgeon fish 0 16 16 9.41
TOTAL 92 78 170 100
Legend:
<fishes> - major reef carnivores
[fishes] - major reef herbivores
Fishes - fishes which are indicators of hard corals
 C. Seagrass Bed Habitat Assessment

There were patchy seagrass beds in Brgy. South Poblacion. They are located
away from the shoreline having the water depth of 15 to 20 feet. Three (3) seagrass
species were identified: Enhalus acoroides, Haliphilia ovalis and Cymodocea rotundata,
which is found to be the most dominant species in the area. Other organisms observed
were corals (Acropora sp.), starfish and sea urchins. Dead corals with algae were also
present. Most of the area was covered by sand. The area is considered to be pristine
seagrass bed, having low species diversity, it is found away from human habitations and
disturbed only by natural factors.

Table 6. Result of Seagrass Habitat Assessment Conducted in Brgy. South Poblacion

% Cover of Total
Quadrat
Transect No. Each Species % Substrate Other Observation/s
No.
Ea Ho Cr Cover

1 1 3 25 75 103 Sandy 0
2 10 30 20 60 Sandy 0
3 1 3 15 19 Sandy Acropora sp.
4 3 1 2 6 Sandy DCA, starfish
4 15 28 47
2 1 65 0 40 105 Sandy starfish
2 0 5 5 10 Sandy starfish
3 0 0 0 0 Sandy sea urchin
4 0 5 0 5 Sandy 0
16 3 11 30
Figure 10. Graph Showing the Average Seagrass Cover in Brgy. South Poblacion,
Masinloc, Zambales

D. Mangrove Forest Habitat Assessment

In Brgy. South Poblacion, Masinloc, Zambales, the mangrove site assessed was
near the sea, near Masinloc proper. Four transect lines were measured, with 20
quadrats generated from the site. The total number of mangrove species identified and
measured was 98, mostly dominated by Rhizopora species. Height of the mangrove
species was measured at 1 meter (at the lowest) and 15 meters (at the highest) with
computed average height of 4 meters. Crown cover for each tree was computed as
.7854 (crown diameter)2, and the total crown diameter for all species measured was
293.35 m2. Getting the percent cover of all species, the total crown diameter (293.35
m2) was divided by 2,000 m2 (20 quadrats x 100 m2), and the computed percent
crown cover was 14.7 %.
 Data collected on the seedlings and saplings (regenerations) per square meter
showed that a total of 19 species were identified/listed on a total of 60 plots. It was
computed that the regeneration per square meter in the mangrove assessment site is
.32 species per square meter.

Based on the mangrove habitat assessment criteria, Barangay South

Poblacion was found to be in POOR condition based on the computed
parameters derived during the assessment.

The mangrove area in Barangay South Poblacion did not reflect a sounding
assessment figure, mainly attributed to the urbanized nature of the location, which are
at the heart of the Municipality. Although there are portions on Brgy. South
Poblacion that can be regenerated/planted, it will be up to the local or Barangay LGU
to initiate in the rehabilitation and protection of the remaining mangrove stands in the
area.

CRITERIA MANGROVE

PERCENT
CROWN AVE. REGENERATION
Barangay COVER HEIGHT PER SQ.METER CONDITION

(%) (METERS) (NO. OF SDLGS.)

South Poblacion 14.7 4 0.32 POOR

III. COMMUNITY VISIONS

The fisherfolk community in Barangay South Poblacion found it difficult and

risky to operate outside the municipal water or beyond 15 kilometers from the coastline.
Tinapa and bagoong making were the skills available in the community that can be used as
an alternative livelihood to augment their daily income. Poultry, fish cage, fish pen,
seaweed and sea cucumber cultures are other suggested livelihood but still need technical
assistance from the experts and further trainings to make sure the success of the projects.
 Participatory Coastal Resource Assessment
Barangay Sto. Rosario Masinloc, Zambales

I. DESCRIPTION OF THE STUDY AREA

A. Historical Sketch

B. Biophysical Characteristics

1. Location

Barangay Sto. Rosario lies between the coordinates of 15°29’32” North and
119°57’15” East. It has a total land area of five 676 hectares and 7 kilometers away
from the Poblacion of Masinloc. There are six sitios namely: Tondol Bolo,
Caraplahan North, Balita, Casy, Paminlanuhan, Bolentin, Candong Buri. It is also
comprises of six puroks.

Figure 1. Location Map of Brgy. Sto, Rosario, Masinloc, Zambales (www.mapcentral.ph)

 2. Climate and Soil Characteristics

Brgy. Sto. Rosario has two pronounced seasons, dry season from March to April
and wet season from the middle of May to October. Soil type is loam.

C. Socio Cultural-Economic Characteristics

1. Population and Household Size

Brgy. Sto. Rosario has a total population of 2,008. About 51.54% (1,035) of the
population are males while 48.45% (973) are females. The total number of
households is 402. (Barangay Profile, 2007)

The average number of children in a family is three (3). Barangay Sto. Rosario
has no existing program with regard to family planning. Increase in population was
attributed to natural birth and family expansion by marriage. Migration of Visayans
also contributed to population increase.

About 95% of the population is devoted the Roman Catholic beliefs while the rest
are divided beween Iglesia ni Cristo and Baptist.

As of the education attainment of parents, most of them were able to reach

secondary level while the children are college graduates and others are still studying
at present.

Houses in Brgy. Sto. Rosario are 50% made of G.I. sheets and 50% nipa/cogon
for their roofs. The walls are usually made of bamboo (buho) and wood/plywood
while windows are 15% made of glass and 85% are still the traditional type (di-
tungkod) made of bamboo. Flooring materials are usually made of bamboo (50%),
cement (15%) and earthen floor. Almost 95% of the houses have toilets.

The community of Brgy Sto. Rosario depends on deep well and spring for potable
water.
2. Community Resources

a. Physical Infrastructure

Community infrastructures present in Barangay Sto. Rosario are:

• Day Care Center

• Barangay Hall
• Health Center
• Elementary School
• Feeder Roads

b. Natural Resources

Brgy. Sto. Rosario has limited aquatic resources - they are the mangrove area,
river and the mudflats. These resources are utilized mainly as a source of aquatic
organisms like fish, crustaceans, shells, mollusks and others such as wood that is
made into charcoal. River is used mainly as transportation although some community
people are collecting shells on the riverbeds. For the upper part of the river, the water
is used as irrigation for vegetable farms.

Fishponds also abound in the village but are used mainly as nursery ponds for
milkfish before they are being transferred to the cages in the nearby barangays. As in
the other villages, problems include conversion of mangrove area into fishponds,
deteriorating water quality due to the feed residuals from the nearby cages and
sediments from upland area and solid and domestic wastes. Cyanide, dynamite and
compressor fishing is still a problem but not as rampant as before.
Figure 2. Community Resources Map of Brgy. Sto. Rosario
3. Livelihood

People in Brgy. Sto. Rosario have three main sources of livelihood: fishing,
farming and cottage industry. About 60% of the community depends on farming
(vegetable and rice farming), 15% on fishing and 10% on cottage industry (Barangay
Profile, 2007). Farm production is usually one cropping per year and it solely
depends on rain. Almost 60% of farmers cultivated their own lands having an
approximately less than a hectare for each of them. Farming is usually done
traditionally by the family members.

Other livelihood sources include retail stores, net making and mending, provision
of manual labor, rearing livestocks, chickens goats and cows, and bamboo stick
making. Buying and selling of mangoes is also a major source of livelihood here.
 Table 1. Transect Diagram of Brgy. Sto. Rosario

Habitat Lowland Bakawan River Putikan

Management Settlement Area (Mangrove) (Ilog) (Mud flats)
Parameter
Mga Likas na Mango trees, Bakawan, Shells, clams, Samaral, Shells
Kayamanan nipa palm, nipa, crabs oysters, coconut (opiang),blue crabs,
(Natural coconuts, goats, (alimango), trees, nipa pusit/pugita/ lapu-
Resources) chickens, sapsap, lukan palms (sasa), lapu, asuhos,
bananas, cows/ (clams) alimango, kitang, samaral,
carabaos, opiang, suso hipon, baghang, balbalulang,
vegetables, rice (snails), balanak, kilong- barihara
farms, bamboo tilapia, asuhos, kilong
kitang
Mga Uri ng retail stores, Mangrove Traditional fishing, traps, spear
Hanapbuhay, Mga nipa (pawid) cutting, wood gleaning, shell gun fishing,
Pagkakataon making, boat gathering, collection, traditional gleaning
(Types of making, fish charcoal transportation
Livelihood, processing, rice/ making,
opportunities) vegetable fishing, shell
farming, net collection,
mending/making,
bamboo stick
making
Mga Suliranin Lack of Mangrove Solid wastes, Pollution, solid
(Problems/ Issues) alternative cutting, solid poor water wastes, domestic
livelihood, wastes, quality, wastes, sediments
domestic and domestic domestic from upland, feed
solid wastes, wastes, illegal wastes, erosion, residuals from
sewage lack of settlers, siltation nearby cages,
irrigation for rice conversion to dynamite fishing,
farms fishponds cyanide,
compressor,
siltation
 There are approximately 15 motorized boats and 5 non-motorized boats present in the
area. Banca owners areregistered municipal fisherfolk. There are 193 municipal
registered fishermen in Brgy. Sto. Rosario. (Barangay Profile, 2004)

The fisherfolks observed that their daily income decreases because of the
increasing number of fishermen. Coastal activities such as gleaning and sea
cucumber gathering are done by the community to augment their income. They
proposed to operate backyard piggery and to have their own payao for additional
income. New farming techniques could also help them decrease labor force and cost
of production.

Some members from the community have attended trainings on bangus culture
and sea cucumber culture. Skills like boat building and net mending are also
available in the community.

4. Fishing Activities

Calendar diagram illustrates the seasonality of fishg catch. Fishing operation is

done all through out the year. The most common fishing gears used in the area are:
hand spear with light, kurukud, crab gill net (taba), set gill net, push net, hook and
line and spear gun. Kurukod and push net are used in shallow water. Catch of hook
and line are usually used for personal consumption only. Danggit, tritong, pusit
puti, alimasag, sapsap, alimango, alimasag and samaral are the common species
caught in the waters of Sto. Rosario. Fishers in the barangay are usually part-time
and only operates in the municipal waters of Masinloc.
 FISHING
JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC
GEAR/SPECIES

Spear gun

Hook and line

hipon
Push net

Set gillnet Samaral, danggit, lahat ng isda

Alimango, alimasag, danggit

Crab gillnet
Hipon, maliliit na isda, sapsap
Kurukud

Hand spear Danggit, kitang, pusit puti, alimasag

(with light)

WIND
RAINFALL

Amihan

Habagat

Tag-ulan

Tag-init

Figure 3. Calendar Diagram of Brgy. Sto. Rosario

In the 60’s up to the 80’s, fishermen were able to catch more than 70 kgs. per
fishing operation. Only simple gears were used during that time. However, in the 90’s,
a rapid decrease was observed in fish catch mainly because of the increase in the number
of fisherfolk, and the introduction of illegal fishing activities such as the use of sodium
cyanide, fishing with the use of fine mesh net and dynamite fishing. Other upland
activities such as deforestation and mining also contributed in the change in fish catch.
Over fishing of the fishery resources was also responsible for the continuous decline in
the trend.
 Figure 4. Graph Showing the Trend in Fish Catch in Brgy. Sto. Rosario,
Masinloc, Zambales

D. Institutional Aspects

1. Community Organizations

The following are the community organizations present in the barangay:

People’s Organization (Pos) When Formal or Main Functions/area

Established informal of concern
Farmers Association ng Sto. Rosario 2008 Tending (fertilizer)
(100 members)
CARE Foundation (founded by Gen. private resettlement
Sumabat)
 2. External Supporting Organizations

The following are agencies that support the community:

• Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources (BFAR)

• Department of Agriculture (DA)
• Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR)
• Department of Social Welfare and Development (DSWD)
• Municipal Government of Masinloc (LGU)

Figure 5. Institutional Diagram of Brgy. Sto. Rosario

People of Brgy. Sto. Rosario recognized the services of the Department of Social
Welfare and Development (DSWD) during time of calamities (typhoon, flood). The
services of the Local Government Unit (LGU) of Masinloc, Department of Agriculture-
Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources (DA-BFAR), and the Department of
Environment and Natural Resources (DENR) were seldom felt by the community. The
community complains that during the establishment of fish cages in the Municipality of
Masinloc, the community was not assisted appropriately.
E. Coastal Resource Management

Brgy. Sto. Rosario has an existing mangrove reforestation project sponsored by Non-
Government Organizations. Coastal clean-up is conducted every year initiated by the
local government. There is a regular pick-up of garbage along the roads of Masinloc,
while the residents far from the main roads burned their garbage. Problems and issues in
coastal resource were identified by the community members such as siltation from fish
cages because of feeds. The residents believed that the result to of this activity is the
decrease in fish catch.

The following are Coastal management solution suggested by the community

members;

1. An ordinance that prohibits the capture of alimango breeders

2. Inclusion in the school curriculum the topic on coastal management

3. Strict implementation of fishery laws, rules and regulations.

4. Regulate feeding of fish cages

5. Zoning/demarcation of the area.

6. Banning of catching fingerling especially of danggit.

F. Law Enforcement

There are three deputized fish wardens residing in the barangay but they are inactive
at present. The Philippine National Police also participates in the enforcement of fishery
laws although not on regular basis. The communities rate the level of compliance to
existing CRM-related rules as average because dynamite, cyanide fishing and mangrove
cutting are still noticeable in some area. Other community members have
PARALEGAL training.
II. HABITAT ASSESSMENT

A. Coral Reef Habitat Assessment

1. Manta Tow Survey Technique

The first tow observed has 40% live coral cover while the second tow has 35%.
Dead corals were also present covering an average of 12.5%. The condition of the coral
reef in the area is considered to be fair, having an average coral cover of 37.5%.

Table 2. Result of Coral Reef Habitat Assessment in Brgy. Sto. Tomas, Using Manta Tow
Technique
Live Dead
Tow Soft Dead Other
Coordinates Hard Coral w/ Sand/Silt/Rubble Total
No. Coral Coral Observations
Coral Algae
1 15o 30’06" N 40 0 10 0 50 100
o
119 56’41" E
2 15o30’08" N 35 0 15 20 30 100
119o56’30" E
Average 37.5 0 12.5 10 40 100

Figure 6. Graph Showing the Result of Coral Reef Habitat Assessment in Brgy. Sto. Tomas,
Using Manta Tow
 Table 3. Reef Condition in Brgy. Sto. Rosario, using the Manta Tow Technique

Live
Soft Dead Reef
Tow No. Coordinates Hard Total
Coral Coral Condition
Coral
1 15o 30’06" N 40 0 40 10 Fair
o
119 56’41" E
2 15o30’08" N 35 0 35 15 Fair
o
119 56’30" E
Overall
Average 37.5 0 37.5 12.5 Fair

2. Transect/Quadrat Method

The coral cover at the two sampling stations has an average percent cover of
about 35.5%. The coral reef area in Brgy. Sto. Rosario was in fair condition. Rubbles
(16.25%) and dead corals (3.75%) that were observed could be attributed to the use of
destructive fishing gears particularly dynamite and cyanide. Dead corals with algae were
also noted having an average cover of 6.5%. Abiotic components (sand and silt) were
dominant in the area covering about 36.5% of the quadrat.

Table 4. Percentage Coral Cover in Brgy. Sto. Rosario, Using the Transect/Quadrat
Method
Dead
Live
Transect Soft Dead Coral Other
Hard Plants Rubble/Rock Sand/Silt Total
No. Coral Coral w/ Animals
Coral
Algae
1 48.5 0 4.5 43 0 3 9.5 37.5 100
2 22.5 0 3 13 0 3 23 35.5 100
Ave 35.5 0 3.75 28 0 3 16.25 36.5 100
 Figure 7. Percentage Coral Cover in Brgy. Sto. Rosario, Using the Transect/Quadrat
Method

3. Line Intercept Method

Coral Reef in Brgy. Sto. Rosario is in fair condition with an average coral cover
of 47%. Soft corals were absent in the sampling stations. Dead coral has an average cover
of 28%, mostly covered by assemblages of algae which indicate that the corals had been
dead for a long time. Sponges were also observed with an average of 1.25% cover.
Abiotic components such as sand and silt cover an average of 23.75%.

Table 5. Coral Reef Components of Brgy. Sto. Rosario, Using Line Intercept Method
Benthic lifeforms/coral reef
Component AVERAGE %

Live hard coral 47.00%

Dead coral with algae 28.00%
Sponges 1.25%
Sand/Silt 23.75%
Figure 8. Graph Showing the Coral Reef Components of Brgy. Sto. Rosario, Using Line
Intercept Method

B. Fish Visual Census

No reef fish carnivores and herbivores were found in the area. Only indicators of
hard coral species were observed belonging to family Pomacentridae that has a total of 35
individuals (species of Damsel fish and Sergeant fish which is 33.65%), 26 individuals
from the family Caesionidae (26%), 22 individuals from the family Labridae, 6
individuals from the family Nemipteridae and family Chaetodontidae with 5 individuals
having a percentage of 4.8%. About 10 indiviuals belonging to family Apogonidae
having 9.61% were also observed.

In terms of fish abundance, Family Pomacentridae was fount to be the most

dominant followed by the family Caesionidae and Labridae.
 Table 6. Result of Fish Visual Census Conducted in Brgy. Sto. Rosario
Family Name Scientific Name English Name Station 1 Station 2 TOTAL Average %
Caesionidae Caesio pisang Fusilier 26 0 26 25.00%
Chaetodontidae Chaetodon auriga Butterfly fish 3 2 5 4.80%
Pomacentridae Chromis caudalis Damsel fish 12 7 19 18.27%
Pomacentridae Abuldefduf sexfaciatus Sergeant fish 10 6 16 15.38%
Nemipteridae Scolopsis bilineatus Coral breams 6 0 6 5.78%
Labridae Coris batuensis Wrasse 14 8 22 21.16%
Apogonidae Apogon cyanosoma Cardinal fish 5 5 10 9.61%
TOTAL 76 28 104 100.00%
Legend:
<fishes> - major reef carnivores
[fishes] - major reef herbivores
Fishes - fishes which are indicators of hard corals

Figure 9. Result of Fish Visual Census in Brgy. Sto. Rosario

C. Seagrass Bed Habitat Assessment

There were four seagrass species identified in the area: Thalasia hemprichii,
Halodule uninervis, Cymodocea rotundata and Enhalus acoroides, which dominates the
seagrass bed of Brgy. Sto. Rosario. It was located in the shoreline of Tondol Bolo with
the water depth ranging from 1 to 3 feet. The water is turbid with the visibility of only
3cm. Bottom substrate is composed of sand or silt and mud. Only few organisms were
observed such as algae and starfish. The seagrass bed is considered to be disturbed
because there is high diversity in species but with moderate human impact in the area.
 Table 7. Result of Seagrass Bed Habitat Assessment in Brgy. Sto. Rosario
% Cover of Each Total
Transect Quadrat Species % Substrate Other Observation/s
No. No.
Ea Th Hu Cr Cover
1 1 0 0 0 0 0 muddy
2 0 0 0 0 0 muddy
3 20 0 0 0 20 muddy
4 0 0 0 0 0 muddy/sandy
5 0 0 1 0 1 muddy/sandy
6 0 0 0 0 0 muddy/sandy
7 0 0 0 0 0 muddy/sandy algae, starfish
3 0 0 0 3
2 1 0 0 0 0 0 muddy
2 0 4 0 0 4 muddy
3 0 0 0 0 0 muddy
4 0 0 0 0 0 muddy
presence of
5 50 0 0 0 50 muddy/sandy "sandals"
6 60 0 0 0 60 muddy/sandy
7 5 25 0 0 30 muddy/sandy
16 4 0 0 21
3 1 0 0 0 0 0 muddy
2 40 0 0 0 40 muddy
3 0 0 0 0 0 muddy
4 30 0 0 0 30 muddy/sandy
5 30 0 0 0 30 muddy/sandy
6 20 0 0 0 20 muddy/sandy
7 5 30 0 30 65 muddy/sandy
18 4 0 4 26

Enhalus acoroides 12.38

Thalasia hemprichii 2.81
Halodule uninervis 0.05
Cymodocea rotundata 1.43
Total % Cover 16.67
Sand/Mud 83.33
Figure 10. Graph Showing the Result of Seagrass Bed Habitat Assessment in Brgy. Sto.
Rosario

D. Mangrove Forest Habitat Assessment

In Brgy. Sto. Rosario, Masinloc, Zambales, the mangrove site assessed featured a
very long, but thin strip of mangrove stand beside various fish pens around, near the sea.
Transects identified numbered to 20 transects, with 19 quadrats each transects generated.
The total number of mangrove species identified and measured was 182, mostly
dominated by large Rhizopora and Sonneratia species. Height of the mangrove species
was measured at 3 meters (at the lowest) and 10 meters (at the highest) with computed
average height of 6.1 meters. Crown cover for each tree was computed as .7854 (crown
diameter)2, and the total crown diameter for all species measured was 711.59 m2. Getting
the percent cover of all species, the total crown diameter (944 m2) was divided by 1,900
m2 (19 quadrats x 100 m2), and the computed percent crown cover was 37 %.

Data collected on the seedlings and saplings (regenerations) per square meter
showed that a total of 34 species were identified/listed on a total of 60 plots. It was
computed that the regeneration per square meter in the mangrove assessment site is .57
species per square meter.
 Based on the mangrove habitat assessment criteria, Barangay Sto. Rosario was
found to be in FAIR condition based on the computed parameters derived during
the assessment.

The mangrove areas in Brgy. Sto. Rosario, serve as the residents’ protection from
strong winds and huge waves.

CRITERIA MANGROVE

PERCENT
CROWN AVE. REGENERATION
Barangay COVER HEIGHT PER SQ.METER CONDITION

(%) (METERS) (NO. OF SDLGS.)

Sto. Rosario 37 6.1 0.57 FAIR

III. COMMUNITY VISIONS

Due to the decline of fish catch and lack of employment, the community desires
to have piggery and poultry projects that could help them increase their income. Since
farming is their primary means of livelihood, they also want to learn new farming
technologies to increase their yield per cropping. Payao or fish aggregating device that
serves as shelter, habitat and source of food for fishery species is also a big help
according to the fisherfolk to decrease fishing effort and operational cost and this is also a
project that they suggested.
 Participatory Coastal Resource Assessment
Taltal, Masinloc, Zambales

I. Description of the Study Area

A. Historical Sketch

Barangay Taltal is the oldest barangay established in 1621. During the

Spanish period, residents of Barangay Taltal had to walk 1.5 kilometers to the
Poblacion known as San Andres now Bani, to acquire their education and attend
their religious practices.

In the Commonwealth period, Zambales became the primary mine producer

especially of chromites. The Acoje Mining of Coto, produces high grade chrome
sufficient to meet the demand of the US defense. Coto is a sitio of Barangay
Taltal with 55 minings. Chromite was used in the manufactured of steel and
alloys.

It was 1934, when the first school for primary education was established in
Barangay Taltal. The first Catholic chapel was constructed in 1946.

B. Biophysical Characteristics

1. Location

Barangay Taltal lies between the coordinates of 15°35'19” North and

119°56'46” East and is located at the northern most barangay of Masinloc
connecting the Municipality of Candelaria with the coordinates of. It is bounded
by Lauis, Candelaria on the north, Oyon Bay at the south, Lauis River on the
eastern side and Barangay Bani and the Municipality of Palauig on the west.
 Sitio Bayhic, Binagbagan, Centro, Coto, Pulangi, Mandaloy, Patotoy and
Tugui comprise Barangay Taltal. Sitio Centro is the center of economic activities
and transportation facilities. The Barangay Hall is located at Sitio Centro. The
chromite mining is located at Sitio Coto that makes the area busy because of
Benguet mine camp. It has a mountainous topography that ranges from 15º to 66º
elevation.

Figure 1 Location Map of Brgy. Taltal, Masinloc, Zambales

2. Climate and Soil Characteristics

Barangay Taltal has two (2) climatic conditions. Wet season occurs
almost regularly from the month of June to November. Dry season starts from
the month of December to May. Soil type of Taltal is Loam.
C. Socio-Cultural-Economic Characteristics

1. Population and Household Size

Based on 2007 survey, Barangay Taltal has a total population of 5,632,

about 2,912 of the total population were males and 2,740 were females. There
were more or less 436 households in the barangay. The average number of
children in the family is four. Increase in population was mainly due to natural
birth.

Highest educational attainment for average number of parent were high

school graduate, while their children are still studying.

Fifty percent of the families have toilets and mostly from Sitio Togue
doesn’t have toilets.

As of 1993, Taltal had generally a young population. At present, the

community considered that most of the population from Barangay Taltal were
composed of young adults. Most couples practiced family planning and adopt
pills and injection as family planning method. (Municipal Planning Development
Office (MPDO))

Fifty percent of houses in Taltal have roofing made of GI sheets and the other
half is made of nipa. Most walls are made of cement and nipa or coconut fronds
and windows mostly made of glass. Floors are cemented while other houses have
earthen floor. Jetmatic/artesian well are their primary source of water for
washing and other cleaning activities. They buy their drinking water in the
Poblacion.
2. Community Resources

a. Physical Infrastructures
The community infrastructures found in Barangay Taltal are:

• School (elementary and high school)

• Day Care Center
• Barangay Hall
• Church
• Covered court

b. Natural Resources
Taltal has similar coastal resources with its neighboring barangays,
Baloganon and Bani, only the area is much smaller. It has mangrove areas,
beaches and seagrass beds, however these resources are considered
depleted by the villagers especially the mangrove areas and coral reefs
where most parts are converted into nursery ponds for milkfish cages that
are located within the coastal waters of the village. The village is hilly in
topography and is mostly planted with mango trees while the agricultural
land is mostly planted with rainfed rice but some portions are used for
farming other crops including vegetables.

Figure 2 shows the community resources of barangay Taltal. Fish

species and other marine species existing were marked. Aside from
marine resources, an aquatic resource is available in the area operated by a
private investor. It was observed by the residents of Sitio Togui before,
that a small fish pond purchased by an investor was developed and
widened by converting the mangrove areas into fish pond. Later on, the
same investor ventured into fish cages.
Figure 2 Community Resources Map of Brgy. Taltal, Masinloc, Zambales
 Table 1 Transect Walk Diagram of Brgy. Taltal

Habitat Lowland Bakawan Aplaya Damuhan Bahura (Reefs

Management Settlement (Mangrove) (Beach) (Sea grass) shoal)
Parameter Area
Mga Likas na Mango trees, Mangrove Shells, Shells Balat (sea
Kayamanan coconuts, trees, crabs clams, (opiang), cucumber),
(Natural pigs, (alimango), oysters, balat (sea samaral. Milkfish,
Resources) chickens, finfishes, coconut cucumber), alimango, talakitok,
goats. Cows, samaral, trees, seacapiz, octopus, squid,
vegetables cucumber, seaweeds shells (cockles),
seaweeds, (arosep)blue lobsters (no natural
hermit crabs, reefs)
crabs rabbitfish,
talakitok,
Mga Uri ng Fish Mangrove Tourism Harvesting Tourism
Hanapbuhay, processing, cutting, related and selling (snorkeling/diving),
Mga retail stores, wood activities of seafoods, fishing, gleaning,
Pagkakataon cattle, gathering, (resorts), sea sea cucumber
(Types of livestock and charcoal traditional cucumber collection, fish
Livelihood, poultry making, fish gleaning, drying and cage
opportunities) raising, gathering, fish processing,
buying and bangus drying,
selling of nursery
mangoes, ponds
seacucumber
processing
Mga Lack of Solid Solid Feed Coral bleaching,
Suliranin livelihood wastes, wastes, residuals suspended solids,
(Problems/ opportunities, cutting of beach from nearby feed residuals, fish
Issues) wastes mangrove erosion, cages, cage, dwindling
trees, poor catch
conversion water
of quality,
mangroves
to fishponds
3. Livelihood

There are three main sources of income in Barangay Taltal. Fifty percent
(50%) of the community relies on farming, twenty percent (20%) on fishing and
thirty percent (30) engaged on mining activities. Ninety five percent of fishermen
are full time. Thirty nine of these full time fishermen are registered. Fifty percent
(50%) of fishing boats in Barangay Taltal are motorized. During the assessment,
sea cucumber drying was observed in the area.

In 1993 as reported by the Municipal Agricultural Office (MAO), there are

two hundred thirty one (231) fishermen at barangay Taltal and most of them are
full time.

The community proposed that livelihood for women is of great help to

augment the family’s income since there is a rapid decline in fish catch. The
livelihood mentioned are piggery and poultry raising.

4. Fishing Activities

Common fishing gears in the area are spear (sisid), hook and line (kawil),
set gill net (lambat palubog) and drift gill net (lambat palutang). The common
fish species caught are lapu-lapu, samaral, talakitok and danggit. At present, there
are fifty two (52) units of fish cages in the area owned by private investor.
Seaweeds culture had been tried by a private investor before but it did not
succeed.
Figure 3 Calendar Diagram of Brgy. Taltal, Masinloc, Zambales
 Figure 4. Trend Diagram of Brgy. Taltal

Based on the trend diagram, in 1980-1990 fish caught is abundant but it declines
in the following years because of water pollution due to waste materials from fish cages.
Another reason is the existing activities like cyanide, dynamite and compressor that
damaged the coastal area.

In 1994, bangus fry gathering, salt making, seaweed and sea cucumber gathering,
deep sea diving, pagbabaklad, pag-iilaw, and paglalambat were the fishing activities in
barangay Taltal. Fishponds were also present in the area. Fishing gears used are
longline, gillnet, hook and line, push net bagnet (singapong), salambaw and fish corral.
D. Institutional Aspects

1. Community Organizations

The community organizations present in the barangay are the following:

People’s When Established Formal or Main functions/area
Organizations (Pos) Informal of concern
SAMATOG
Bantay Dagat INACTIVE
FARMC

2. External Support

The following diagram shows the various organizations (government and

private) presently extending assistance to the people of Barangay Taltal.
However, the services being provided by these organizations especially the
government agencies must be strengthened.

Figure 5. Intitutional Diagram of Brgy. Taltal

E. Coastal Resource Management Activities

Mangrove reforestation done by the community residents was financed by a

Japanese NGO. All barangays of Masinloc is aware of the mangrove reforestation
activity.

The community believed that livelihood for women, alternative livelihood for
fishermen, and implementation of fishery laws and total abolition of fish cages are the
solutions to the declining catch in Barangay Taltal.

The community observed that since the fish cages were established there is a
decline in fish catch. According to the community, waste from fish cages pollutes
the coastal area of barangay Taltal. At present, the main concern of the people of
Barangay Taltal is having a potable water system. A barangay resolution has been
filed by the community for water system wherein the source of water is from the river
locally known as buhay na ilog. They also desire a sea cucumber culture for an
alternative livelihood.

People of Barangay Taltal also suggested that total ban of fish cages,
implementation of fishery laws and strengthening of Peoples Organization may
decrease stress on coastal ecosystem.

F. Law enforcement

The community observed that there is no law enforcement group operating in the
area. The Bantay Dagat existing before is no longer active. This is one area which the
people wants to be given special attention.
 III. HABITAT ASSESSMENT

A. Coral Reef Assessment

Based on manta tow survey, natural reefs were absent in the Brgy. Taltal.
Sand and silt covers most of the area. This might be due to high siltation rate
coming from the upland. Destructive fishing activities, such as the use of
dynamite and cyanide, were also rampant in the area that may cause habitat
degradation on natural reefs and fish species.

B. Fish Visual Census

No fish species were sighted in the area, the major group of coral reef
indicators or even the target group or carnivores species. This indicates that
coral reefs will not exist in the area. Presence of destructive fishing gears
particularly dynamite fishing was observed. On the fish visual census conducted
in Brgy. Taltal, there was no non-commercially important (ormajor group coral
reef indicators) species found as well as the commercially important (target
group or major carnivores). This indicates that the coral reefs were absent in
the area. However, there were 2 fish individuals observed belonging to the
family of Sillaginidae (100%), which were considered as major reef herbivores

Table 2. Result of Fish Visual Census in Brgy. Taltal

Sampling Stations
Average
Family Name Scientific Name English Name Station 1 Station 2 TOTAL
%
Sillaginidae Sillago sihama Silver silago 0 2 2 100.00
TOTAL 0 2 2 100.00
 C. Seagrass Assessment

Seagrass was surveyed using transect/quadrat technique. Site has only

been sampled once. The total percent covered is 9%. There is only two
seagrass species Enhalus acroides, which is the most dominant seagrass
occurring in the area and Cymodocea rotunda. Seagrass substrate in the area
close to the shore line consists of coarse sand mixed with mud, and some rocks.
Water depth ranges from 3 to 5 feet. About 2% of algae were also recorded.
Other organisms such as sea urchins, crabs, sponges, fish species and some
recruit coral species were observed present in the area. Seagrass beds in Brgy.
Taltal, Masinloc, Zambales is in disturbed seagrass beds, where low diversity
beds occupying near human habitation; and received constant impacts of human
activities such as slight to moderate physical disturbance and various kinds of
pollution that are not severe enough to eliminate the seagrass.

Figure 6. Graph Showing the Total Percentage Seagrass Cover in Brgy. Taltal,
Masinloc, Zambales
 Table 3. Result of Seagrass Habitat Assessment Conducted in Brgy. Taltal,
Masinloc, Zambales
Transect Quadrat %
Species %Algae Substrate Other Observation/s
No. No. Cover
1 0 Ea 0% 5% Muddy
1 Ea 6% 0% Muddy coral rock/algae
2 Ea 10% 0% Muddy live coral/dead shell
3 Ea 5% 10% Muddy/Sandy rocky
4 Ea 10% 0% Muddy/Sandy dead coral with algae
5 Ea 25% 0% Muddy/Sandy live coral/dead shell
6 Ea 15% 0% Muddy/Sandy sea urchin/dead shell /rocky
10% 2%

2 0 Ea 0% 2% Muddy rocky
1 Ea 0% 3% Muddy
2 Ea 3% 0% Muddy
3 Ea 15% 2% Muddy crab
4 Ea 10% 0% Muddy 2cm live coral/dead shell
5 Cr 40% 0% Muddy rocky
6 Cr 5% 0% Muddy rocky (very poor seagrass)
10% 1%

3 0 Ea 0% 0% Muddy/Sandy rocky/no organism

1 Ea 30% 0% Muddy/Sandy big rocks
2 Ea 5% 10% Muddy/Sandy big rocks,fish
3 Ea 10% 5% Muddy/Sandy live massive coral 20cm
4 Ea 5% 0% Muddy/Sandy dead shell 20%/2 sponges
5 Ea 3% 0% Muddy/Sandy dead shell 20%/2 sponges
6 Ea 0% 2% Muddy/Sandy dead shell
8% 2%

D. Mangrove Assessment

In Brgy. Taltal, Masinloc, Zambales a long strip of mangrove site along the
Barangay coast were identified. Twenty three transect lines were measured,
each with only 1 quad rat or twenty three quadrats identified. The total number
of mangrove species identified and measured was 213, mostly dominated by
Rhizopora and Sonneratia species. Height of the mangrove species was
measured at 1 meter (at the lowest) and 15 meters (at the highest) with
computed average height of 5.1 meters. Crown cover for each tree was
 computed as .7854 (crown diameter)2, and the total crown diameter for all
species measured was 946.06 m2. Getting the percent cover of all species, the
total crown diameter (946.06 m2) was divided by 2,300 m2 (23 quadrats x 100
m2), and the computed percent crown cover was 41%.

Data collected on the seedlings and saplings (regenerations) per square

meter showed that a total of 56 species were identified/listed on a total of 69
plots. It was computed that the regeneration per square meter in the mangrove
assessment site is .81 species per square meter.

Barangay Taltal’s mangrove area has a long but thin stretch of vegetation
in between the open sea and residential area. The team noticed sporadic seedlings
planted by local residents, only to find out that children living nearby
unknowingly destroys some of the planted seedlings by concerned residents. The
level of residents’ awareness on mangrove protection and rehabilitation is very
high, understanding mainly to the importance of mangroves in protecting their
vulnerable homes along the seashore from typhoons and high tides. The potential
for mangrove replanting and rehabilitation is promising, with the local residents
only waiting for any assistance and help regarding mangrove seedling production
and technical know-how.

Therefore, based on the categories on the condition of the mangrove area

assessed, computed figures (see table below) revealed that the mangrove site
assessed has a relatively fair condition with percent crown cover below 50%
but the species’ diameter and regeneration count not far behind to be in good
form and count.

BARANGAY % CROWN AVE. HEIGHT Regeneration/ m2

COVER
Taltal 41 % 5.1 meters 0.81
Actual Participatory Coastal Resource Assessment
Taltal Masinloc, Zambales
January 23, 2009

Name Affiliation
Boy Ecalner
Rod Edora
Philip Edora
Rodolfo Ejercito
Rommel Benitez
Israel Barnachia
Rudy Bonustio
Reck Anciano
Randy Edora
Rodenar Edora
Elvie Elayo
Elena B. Lucero PAO
Reynaldo Reoligio PAO
Olive Gregorio LGU
Oscar Empeño Jr LGU
Beth Ervin LGU Peace Corps Volunteer
Freddie Castillo LGU
Medel Murata LGU
Ruben F. Valdez CMMD-DENR
Marion Cestina DENR
Lawrence A. Aporto DENR
Lorelie C. Almandres DENR
Deomedes Cestina BFAR 3
Gonzalo Coloma BFAR 3
Nelson Bien BFAR 3
Tina Lintag BFAR 3
Harlyn Recabar BFAR 3
Romina V. Yutuc BFAR 3
Actual Participatory Coastal Resource Assessment
Sto. Rosario Masinloc, Zambales
February 27, 2010

Name Affiliation
Nelson Apino
Jerry Apilla
Reline Braga
Bantay
Emerson Abella Dagat
Joel Legaspi
Wilson A. Evancullar
Rolly Dizon
Bantay
Melanie L. Anga Dagat
Rodrigo Abella
Richard Braga
Deomedes Cestina Jr. BFAR 3
Harlyn Recabar BFAR 3
Gonzalo Coloma Jr. BFAR 3
Romina V. Yutuc BFAR 3
Lito Moises Buitizon BFAR 3
PLGU
Reynaldo Reoligio Zambales
PLGU
Elena Lucero Zambales
Actual Participatory Coastal Resource Assessment
South Poblacion Masinloc, Zambales
February 19, 2009

Name Affiliation
Edward Ednacot
Rita Eclarinal
Rolando Eala
A. Monteviejo
Genaro Manzano
Figuracion Quintino
Rocky Streeter
Donald Dico
Pepito Estella
Willy Arga Jr.
Edgar Moretalla
Roberto C. Julian
Segundo N. Solares Jr.
Larry Sta. Maria
Henry Pascual
Vicente Pascual
Susan S. Perez
Lawrence A. Aporto DENR-ICRMP Staff
Marion Cestina DENR-ICRMP Staff
Elena Lucero PLGU Zambales
Reynaldo R. Reoligio PLGU Zambales
Susa S. Caranday
Fredesvinda Catayen
Helen Pelostrato
Sally Daming
Bhong Tajores
Vevincio
Ruben Alido
Romina V. Yutuc BFAR 3
Harlyn Recabar BFAR 3
Lito Moises Buitizon BFAR 3
Deomedes Cestina BFAR 3
Actual Participatory Coastal Resource Assessment
San Salvador Masinloc, Zambales
August 27, 2008

Name Affiliation
Benito Elbambo
Mercy Elbambo
Vivian Millanes
Dexter Ednacot
Solomon Ednacot
Lydia Sarmiento
Domingo Morete
Meriam Terrado
Daniel Sarmiento
Leonardo Millanes
Manding Penacio
Lilia Terrado
Albert Elbambo
Mario Elad
Reynaldo reoligio PFO
Richard Reglos MA Candelaria
Cyril Lachica DENR
Nelson Castro DENR CENRO
Arlyn Morales DENR
Rogie Merin BFAR CO
Jerry Dineros BFAR CO
Jimmy Aberin DENR
Dennis B. Mary MPDC Sta. Cruz
Mercedita Tan BFAR CO
Dario Diaz MFARMC Masinloc
Oscar Empeño, Jr CRM Masinloc
Medel Murata MPDC Staff
Ramon Eguita MPDC Staff
Freddie Castillo DA
Piadoso Elacion, Jr. AT candelaria
Leonardo Lastimosa ABC Masinloc
Lawrence Aporto DENR
Marion Cestina
Lino Mejos DA Sta. CrUz
Don Reich De Dios DENR R3
Ruben Valdez DENR R3
Ruperto Movilla MA Sta. Cruz
Bernardo Montalla DENR CENRO
Imelda T. Dominguez ABC Candelaria
Purificacion T. Atrero SB Member Candelaria
Edwin Ebdane MPDC Candelaria
Salvacion Ruiz MFARMC
Carlito Samonte DENR PENRO
Louvely Ann Dalire DENR PENRO
Elmar Pulido LGU Masinloc
Lorelie Almandres PENRO Staff
Victoria C. Apostol ICRM staff CENRO
Liberty Hilario EMSII ENROS
Roy Cammayo PPDO- Iba
Olive Gregorio CRMO Masinloc
John Gregorio
Nestor Ignacio DENR 3
Rogelio Trinidad
Harlyn Purzuelo BFAR 3
Deomedes Cestina BFAR 3
Lito Moises Buitizon BFAR 3
Romina V. Yutuc BFAR 3
Tina Lintag BFAR 3
Actual Participatory Coastal Resource Assessment
Panglit, Masinloc, Zambales
September 10, 2008

Name Affiliation

Genaro T. Ermita Fisherfolk

Antonio Bacarro Bantay Dagat
Mario A. Calma Bantay Dagat
Arnold D. Arga Bantay Dagat
Zeny A. Milagrosa
Zenaida Imperio
Cesar Milagrosa Bantay Dagat
Lorna T. Imperial
Norman T. Acierto
Jose Bundong Brgy. Tanod
Olive Gregorio LGU
Ramon Eguita LGU
Divino A. Amistad Bantay Dagat
Isidro C. Imperial MPA
Medel Murata LGU
Benjamin T. Algura Brgy. Kagawad
Reynaldo Milagrosa
Isabelita Milagrosa
Mary Jane Antonio
Erna E. Sarmiento
Ruben Milagrosa Bantay Dagat
Melchor A. Milagrosa Bantay Dagat
Nelson B. Sarmiento
Edwin Milagros MPA Member
Freddie E. Castro MAO
Tina Lintag BFAR 3
Lito Moises Buitizon BFAR 3
Nelson Bien BFAR 3
Gonzalo Coloma BFAR 3
Deomedes Cestina BFAR 3
Romina V. Yutuc BFAR 3
Lito Moises Buitizon BFAR 3
Actual Participatory Coastal Resource Assessment
North Poblacion Masinloc, Zambales
February 18, 2009

Name Affiliation
Dario Diaz MFARMC
Marivi Manangan
Tricia Lagamayo
Leopoldo Raulzo Bantay Dagat
Alberto
Jaime Diaz
Isabel Napat
Catherine Antiguo Bantay Dagat
Sharon Elejarde
Roger Lagamayo
Romeo Pontillas
Melba Diaz
Santiago Antigo
Manuela Elijarde
Divino Antigo Jr.
Romeo barnachio Sr.
Norvin antigo
Nelia Rosete BHW
Solomon Antigo
Jocelyn Lapuz
Amelia Donio
Luis Fontillas
Manuel Nadela
Lorna Ele3jandro
Alfredo Antiguro
Juvy Pulido Brgy Kagawad
Luisa Dayson BHW
Romina V. Yutuc BFAR 3
Harlyn Recabar BFAR 3
Tina Lintag BFAR 3
Deomedes Cestina BFAR 3
Lito Moises Buitizon BFAR 3
Actual Participatory Coastal Resource Assessment
Inhobol, Masinloc, Zambales
February 25, 2009

Name

Mila Marnanas
Susan anabat
Celisa Giunaush
Gloria Elamparo
Dena Cataya
Violeta Erechen
Juresa Villegas
Emely Patalinhog
Josephine Malinao
Leonard Gecale
Manuel Abogado
Margarito Tajores
Alex Solano
Rolido Polestico Jr.
Nonilon Jordan
Rolly Selerio
Jovito Epang
Bernie Castillo
David Eufiminiano
Gregorio Gecale
Samuel Cañete
Pepito Panol
Joel calica
Evangeline Caranay
Valentina Caranay
Lenie Caranay
Edgar angeles
Ruben Echave
Severino Calica
Betty Amabat
Valentin Baylasic
Romina V. Yutuc
Harlyn Recabar
Tina Lintag
Gonzalo Coloma, Jr.
Deomedes Cestina
Lito Moises Buitizon
Actual Participatory Coastal Resource Assessment
Collat Masinloc, Zambales
February 21, 2009

Name Affiliation
Rico E. Diojen Fisherfolk
Eduardo De Guia Fisherfolk
Prudencio B. Antigo Fisherfolk
Rocky Quilon Fisherfolk
Rico Polmarin Fisherfolk
Francisco Bueno Fisherfolk
Norben Elfalan Fisherfolk
Gregorio Ecleo Fisherfolk
Rene Elorde Brgy. Tanod
Fred Alberto Brgy. Tanod
Danty Balagod Brgy. Tanod
Claro Estrella Brgy. Tanod
Junie Ramos Brgy. Tanod
Danny Edaño Brgy. Tanod
Nancy M. Ebbay BHW
Luz Ebdane Fisherfolk
Rowelyn Pimentel Fisherfolk
Maxima M. Ela Brgy. Captain
Marinele E.
Amorante Brgy. Kagawad
Tita A. Mejila BHW
DENR-ICRMP
Danilo Eguita Staff
Dario A. Diaz MFARMC
Ramon I. Eguita LGU
Rodel Rauaquin Brgy. Kagawad
Lawrence Aporto ICRMP Staff
Marion Cestina ICRMP Staff
Elena B. Lucero PAO-Fisheries
Reynaldo Reoligio PAO-Fisheries
Romina V. Yutuc BFAR 3
Harlyn Recabar BFAR 3
Deomedes Cestina BFAR 3
Tina Lintag BFAR 3
Gonzalo Coloma, Jr. BFAR 3
Lito Moises Buitizon BFAR 3
Actual Participatory Coastal Resource Assessment
Barangay Bani Masinloc, Zambales
January 21, 2009

Name Affiliation

Ariel Ebue MPA Mgr. Bani

Liza Ebue Bantay Dagat
Tani Edullor Bantay Dagat
Gerry Elamparo Bantay Dagat
Jay Tan Bantay Dagat
Baby Tan Bantay Dagat
Teresita Elamparo Bantay Dagat
Frederick Elamparo Bantay Dagat
Jemery Mayonte Bantay Dagat
Junios Egenias Bantay Dagat
Vicky Egenias Bantay Dagat
Marlyn Noveriano Bantay Dagat
Julito Mayonte
Erma Mayonte
Sheryl Mayonte
Olive Gregorio LGU
Oscar E. Empeño Jr. LGU
LGU Peace Corp
Beth Ervin Volunteer
Freddie Castillo LGU
Medel Murata LGU
Elena B. Lucero PAO
Reynaldo Reoligio PAO
Marion Cestina ICRMP Staff
Lawrence A. Aporto ICRMP Staff
Ruben F. Valdez DENR R3
Lorelie C. Almandres DENR
Lito Moises Buitizon BFAR 3
Deomedes Cestina BFAR 3
Gonzalo coloma BFAR 3
Nelson bien BFAR 3
Harlyn Recabar BFAR 3
Tina Lintag BFAR 3
Actual Participatory Coastal Resource Assessment
Bamban Masinloc, Zambales
February 26, 2009

Name Affiliation
Rey D. Eduad
Dominador L. Ejaus, Jr.
Robert Perez
Antonio Untalan
Myrna Notarte
Rogelio Marcarel
Freddie Madera
Fernando Balmonte Bantay Dagat
Leonard Lastimoso Brgy. Captain
Julimar Oraño
Sandy Merin
Boyet Encia
Marlon Alejandro
Alexander Gonzales
jaime Echipare, Jr.
Danilo Aglibot
Smith Orias
Rizalino Orlino
Jesser Orias
Garry Nomil
Ceferino Orlino
Romina V. Yutuc BFAR 3
Harlyn Recabar BFAR 3
Tina Lintag BFAR 3
Deomedes Cestina BFAR 3
Lito Moises Buitizon BFAR 3
Actual Participatory Coastal Resource Assessment
Baloganon Masinloc, Zambales
January 22, 2009

Name Affiliation

Olive Gregorio LGU CRMO

Oscar Empeño Jr. LGU Masinloc
LGU CRMO Peace Corps
Beth Ervin Volunteer
Freddie Castillo LGU
Antonio Esnilao
Roy Realizo
Gelen Aragon
Fidel Esmele
Lilibeth Sulapac
Rex Realizo
Analizo Realizo
Loren Joy Realizo
Elena B. Lucero PAO
Reynaldo R. Reoligio PAO
Medel L. Murata LGU
Marion Cestina DENR-ICRMP Staff
Lawrence A. Aporto DENR-ICRMP Staff
Ruben F. Valdez
Lorelie C. Almandres DENR-ICRMP Staff
Lito Moises B. Buitizon BFAR R3
Deomedes Cestina BFAR R3
Gonzalo Coloma BFAR R3
Nelson Bien BFAR R3
Harlyn Recabar BFAR R3
Tina Lintag BFAR R3
 PICTORIALS
Habitat Assessment in Masinloc, Zambales

1. Barangay Baloganon
2. Barangay Bani
3. Barangay Taltal
4. Barangay San Salvador
5. Barangay North Poblacion
6. Barangay Panglit
7. Barangay South Poblacion
8. Barangay Bamban
9. Barangay Inhobol
10. Barangay Collat
11. Barangay Sto. Rosario
 PICTORIALS
Socio-Economic Survey in Masinloc, Zambales

1. Barangay Bamban
2. Barangay Collat
3. Barangay Inhobol
4. Barangay North Poblacion
5. Barangay South Poblacion
6. Barangay Panglit
7. Barangay San Salvador
8. Barangay Sto. Rosario
9. Barangay Bani