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Bacterial Growth and Classification

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17 views11 pages

Bacterial Growth and Classification

Uploaded by

amjgamerboy065
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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BACTERIAL GROWTH

Dr. Najam-us-Sahar
Assistant Professor
GROWTH CYCLE
 Bacteria reproduce by binary fission, a process by
which one parent cell divides to form two progeny cells.
 Because one cell gives rise to two progeny cells, bacteria
are said to undergo exponential growth (logarithmic
growth).
 The concept of exponential growth can be illustrated by
the following relationship:
 Thus, 1 bacterium will produce 16 bacteria after 4 generations.
 The doubling (generation) time of bacteria ranges from as little as 20
minutes for Escherichia coli to as long as 18 hours for Mycobacterium
tuberculosis.
 The exponential growth and the short doubling time of some
organisms result in rapid production of very large numbers of
bacteria.
 For example, 1 E. coli organism will produce over 1000 progeny in
about 3 hours and over 1 million in about 7 hours.
 The doubling time varies not only with the species, but also with the
amount of nutrients, the temperature, the pH, and other environmental
factors.
 The growth cycle of bacteria has four major phases.
 If a small number of bacteria are inoculated into a liquid nutrient
medium and the bacteria are counted at frequent intervals, the typical
phases of a standard growth curve can be demonstrated.
 (1) The first is the lag phase, during which vigorous metabolic activity
occurs but cells do not divide. This can last for a few minutes up to
many hours.
 (2) The log (logarithmic) phase is when rapid cell division occurs. The
log phase is also known as the exponential phase.
 (3) The stationary phase occurs when nutrient depletion or toxic
products cause growth to slow until the number of new cells
produced balances the number of cells that die, resulting in a
steady state. Cells grown in a special apparatus called a
“chemostat,” into which fresh nutrients are added and from which
waste products are removed continuously, can remain in the log
phase and do not enter the stationary phase.
 (4) The final phase is the death phase, which is marked by a
decline in the number of viable bacteria.
Growth curve of bacteria

Growth curve of bacteria: a, lag phase; b, log phase; c, stationary phase;


d, death phase.
CLASSIFICATION OF MEDICALLY
IMPORTANT BACTERIA
PRINCIPLES OF CLASSIFICATION

 The current classification of bacteria is based primarily on


morphologic and biochemical characteristics.
 A scheme that divides the medically important organisms
by genus is shown.

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