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Microbiology - Lecture Five - Spring 2025

The document discusses the reproduction of bacteria, primarily focusing on binary fission, which is the most common form of asexual reproduction in prokaryotes. It outlines the steps involved in binary fission, including DNA replication, cell growth, DNA segregation, and cell splitting. Additionally, it describes the phases of bacterial growth: lag phase, log phase, stationary phase, and death phase, highlighting the characteristics and significance of each phase.

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11 views11 pages

Microbiology - Lecture Five - Spring 2025

The document discusses the reproduction of bacteria, primarily focusing on binary fission, which is the most common form of asexual reproduction in prokaryotes. It outlines the steps involved in binary fission, including DNA replication, cell growth, DNA segregation, and cell splitting. Additionally, it describes the phases of bacterial growth: lag phase, log phase, stationary phase, and death phase, highlighting the characteristics and significance of each phase.

Uploaded by

ayaaamr200218
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Microbiology

MB102
Reproduction of Bacteria
1-Binary fission

2-Fragmentation

3-Formation of spore units

4-Budding
Binary Fission
Is a kind of asexual reproduction. It is the most common form
of reproduction in prokaryotes and occurs in some single
celled eukaryotes like Amoeba and Paramecium.

Binary fission is a very quick way to reproduce. Some


bacteria are able to divide themselves up every 20
minutes. A billion bacteria can be produced in this way
from one bacterium in just ten hours given the right
conditions.
Continue ;
Step 1- Replication of DNA
The bacterium uncoils and replicates its chromosome, essentially doubling its content.

Step 2- Growth of a Cell


After copying the chromosome, the bacterium starts to grow larger in preparation for binary
fissions. It is followed by an increase in cytoplasmic content. Another prominent trait of this
stage is that the two strands migrate to opposite poles of the cell.

Step 3-Segregation of DNA


The cell elongates with a septum forming at the middle. The two chromosomes are also
separated in this phase.

Step 4- Splitting of Cells


A new cell wall is formed at this phase, and the cell splits at the centre, dividing the parent cell
into two new daughter cells. Each of the daughter cells contains a copy of the nuclear
materials as necessary organelles.
Growth of Bacteria
Continue ;
Lag Phase

The bacteria upon introduction into the nutrient medium


take some time to adapt to the new environment. In this
phase, the bacteria does not reproduce but prepares
itself for reproduction. The cells are active metabolically
and keep increasing in size. The cells synthesize RNA,
growth factors and other molecules required for
cell division.
Continue ;
Log Phase

Soon after the lag phase, i.e., the preparation phase, the bacterial cells enter the log
phase. The log phase is also known as the exponential phase. This phase is marked by
the doubling of the bacterial cells.

The cell number increases in a logarithmic phase such that the cell constituent is
maintained. The log phase continues until there is depletion of nutrients in the setup. The
stage also comes to a stop if toxic substances start to accumulate, resulting in a slower
growth rate. The cells are the healthiest at this stage and researchers prefer to use
bacteria from this stage for their experimental processes.

Plotting this phase on the bacterial growth curve gives a straight line. Upon calculation of
the slope of this line, the specific growth rate of the organism is obtained.
Continue ;
Stationary Phase
In the stationary phase, the rate of growth of the cells becomes equal
to its rate of death. The rate of growth of the bacterial cells is limited
by the accumulation of toxic compounds and also depletion of
nutrients in the media. The cell population remains constant at this
stage. Plotting this phase on the graph gives a smooth horizontal
linear line.

Death Phase
This is the last phase of the bacterial growth. At this stage, the rate of
death is greater than the rate of formation of new cells. Lack of
nutrients, physical conditions or other injuries to the cell leads to
death of the cells.

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