Number Systems - Short Notes (Mathematics)
Number Systems - Short Notes (Mathematics)
Mathematics
Short Note
Natural Numbers
• Non-negative counting numbers excluding zero are called Natural Numbers.
N = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, ……….
Whole Numbers
• All natural numbers including zero are called Whole Numbers.
W = 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, …………….
Integers
• All natural numbers, negative numbers and 0, together are called Integers.
Z = – 3, – 2, – 1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, …………..
Rational Numbers
p –3 7
• The number is called Rational if it can be written in the form of where ‘p’ and ‘q’ are integers and q ≠ 0, ,
q 2 8
etc. are rational numbers.
Note: There could be infinite rational numbers between any two rational numbers.
Example: 0.6,0.16,0.123
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Example: 2.16,0.35,0.785
Irrational numbers:
• The number which cannot be rational is called irrational.
Example - 2 , 7 , 11 , etc.
Real Numbers:
• All numbers including both rational and irrational numbers are called Real Numbers.
7
R = – 5, – , 0, 3 , and 11 .
8
ALGORITHM
STEP I : Obtain the positive real number x (say)
STEP II : Draw a line and mark a point A on it.
STEP III : Mark a point B on the line such that AB = x units.
STEP IV : From point B mark a distance of 1 unit and mark the new point as C.
STEP V : Find the mid-point of AC and mark the point as O.
STEP VI : Draw a circle with centre O and radius OC.
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STEP VII : Draw a line perpendicular to AC passing through B and intersecting the semi-circle at D. Length BD is equal
to x.
x→
A O B C E
x
1
Rationalization of Denominator:
If a, b are positive real numbers, then
1
(i) Rationalisation factor of is a
a
1
(ii) Rationalisation factor of is a b
a b
1
(iii) Rationalisation factor of is a b
a b
( a)
m 1 m
( )
m
(vii) an = a m n
i.e., a n = n
am = n
, m, n N
(viii) a0 = 1
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