Std-IX

Chapter -1

NUMBER
SYSTEM
Made by- Mr RONIT MOHAPATRA
Teacher (Mathematics)
MOTHERS’ PUBLIC SCHOOL, BBSR
 INTRODUCTION
A number system defines a set of values used to represent a
quantity. We talk about the number of people attending
functions, numbers of modules taken per student etc. It is
all about quantifying items and values in a relation which
helps to make sense of our environment.The study of
numbers is not only related to computers.
A number is a mathematical object used in
counting and measuring. The definition of number has
been extended over the years to include such numbers as
zero, negative numbers, rational and irrational numbers
and complex numbers.
CLASSIFICATION
OF
NUMBERS
 NUMBERS

REAL NUMBERS IMAGINARY NUMBERS

IRRATIONAL RATIONAL
NUMBERS NUMBERS

FRACTIONS INTEGERS

NEGATIVE POSITIVE NUMBERS

NUMBERS (WHOLE NUMBERS)

ZERO NATURAL
NUMBERS
 TYPES
OF
NUMBERS
1. ODD NUMBERS :- A number which is not divisible by 2.
EXAMPLE:- 1,3,5,7,9…….etc.
2. EVEN NUMBERS :- A number which is divisible by 2.
EXAMPLE:- 2,4,6,8,10…….etc.
3. PRIME NUMBERS :- Natural numbers which are divisible by one and the number
itself.
EXAMPLE:- 2,3,5,7,11…….etc.
4. COMPOSITE NUMBERS :- The number which are not prime are composite numbers.
EXAMPLE:- 4,6,8,10,12…….etc.
5. TWIN PRIME :- A twin prime is a prime number that is either 2 less or 2 more than another
prime number.
EXAMPLE:- pair (41,43), (3,5), (5,7)…….etc.
6. PRIME TRIPLET :- Set must have the form (p,p+2,p+6) or (p,p+4,p+6)
EXAMPLE:- (5,7,11),(7,11,13)…….etc.
except (2,3,5), (3,5,7)
7. REAL NUMBERS :- The complete set of rational and irrational numbers is the set of real
numbers. The real number includes all of the measuring numbers.
8. RATIONAL NUMBERS :- The number which can be expressed in the form of are known as
rational numbers where p and q are integers and q
• When p and q have no common factor other than 1 then rational number is said to be in
standard form.
• There are infinitely many rational numbers between two rational numbers.
 FINDING ‘n’ NO. OF
RATIONAL NUMBERS
BETWEEN
TWO GIVEN
RATIONAL NUMBERS
 MID VALUE METHOD
• If r and s be two rational numbers then is between r and s.
EXAMPLE:-Find 3 rational numbers between 2 and 3.
There are infinitely many rational numbers between 2 and 3.
METHOD-I :-
2, ,3
2, , ,3
2, , , ,3
METHOD-II :-
As
We have to find 3 rational number between 2 and 3
3+1=4
2= ,3=
As 8 < 9 < 10 < 11 < 12
<<< <
2<<< <
Three rational numbers between 2 and 3 are
Q. Find four rational numbers between
Ans- LCM of 4 and 6 = 12
and as 4+1=5

45 < 46 < 47 < 48 < 49 < 50 ⟹

⟹
Four rational numbers between are

EXERCISE QUESTIONS
1. Find four rational numbers between
2. Find five rational numbers between 1 and 2
3. Find three rational numbers between
4. Find ten rational numbers between

IRRANTIONAL NUMBERS :- A real number is called irrational if it cannot be written as a

fraction of two integers i.e. it is not rational.
There are infinitely many irrational numbers.
EXAMPLE:-
 FINDING ‘n’ NO. OF
IRRATIONAL NUMBERS
BETWEEN
TWO GIVEN
IRRATIONAL NUMBERS
A AND B
EXAMPLE :- Find 2 irrational numbers between 2 and 3
Ans-
METHOD-I :-
First irrational number between 2 and 3 =
Second irrational number between 2 and =
METHOD-II :-
Finding irrational number in decimal form
 To find irrational between a and b
 Take any two digits x and y between 0 to 9
 C be any number between a and b in terminating decimal form.
 After last digit of decimal expansion c write xyxxyxxxyxxxxy……

EXAMPLE :- Find two irrational number between 0.2 and 0.24

a = 0.2 , b= 0.24
Let c=0.22 between 0.20 and 0.24
Two irrational number between 0.20 and 0.24 are
0.22010010001…………………….. (x=0 and y=1)
and 0.22020020002…………... …... (x=0 and y=2)
EXERCISE QUESTIONS
1. Find two irrational numbers between 2 and 2.5
2. Find 3 irrational number between 0.1 and 0.11
3. Find two irrational numbers between
REPRESENTATION OF IRRATIONAL NUMBER ON NUMBER LINE

REPRESENING
1. Draw a line l and mark O represent it zero
2. OA= 1unit
3. Draw AB⊥ l make right triangle OAB AB = 1unit

⟹ OB =
by Pythagoras theorem

4. Draw circle O as center and OB be radius which cuts l at OB = OP =

5. Draw CB ⊥ OB , join OC
REPRESENTING

2. In right triangle OCB

+⟹ OC= unit
by Pythagoras theorem

3. Draw circle O as center and OC radius cut Dat l

O D=

Note :- student can represent

in similar way for obt aining square root spiral.
 DECIMAL EXPANSIONS ON
REAL NUMBERS
Decimal expansion of rational numbers
Terminating :- When the reminder becomes zero after a finite number of
steps.

Examples :- = 0.375 , = 0.5

Non terminating recurring (repeating) :- When the reminder never becomes
zero and repeats after a certain stage.
Example :- = 0.818181……….
Decimal expansion of irrational numbers
Non terminating non repeating :- When the reminder never repeats
Example :- ……
3.1459265……

and expansions like 1.01001000100001000001…….etc.

 CONVERSION OF TERMINATING AND NON TERMINATING
RECURRING DECIMAL EXPANSION INTO RATIONAL NUMBER
(I) Convert 0.35 in form of
Ans- 0.35 =

Ans- let = 0.414141…….. ------------

(II) Convert 0.41414141….. in form of

100x = 41.414141…….-----------
multiplying both sides by 100

(2)
100x = 41.414141…… 0.414141…….. ⟹ ⟹
(III) Convert 0.3333…… in form of
Ans- Let x = 0.3333…… ------------
multiplying both sides by 10

(2)
10x = 3.333………----------

10x = 3.333333…… 0.333333…….. ⟹ ⟹

(IV) Convert 0.12333333…… in form of
Ans- Let x = 0.12333333………
multiplying both sides by 100
100x = 12.333333………----------

1000x = 123.333…………----------
multiplying both sides by 100

(2)
1000x 123.333333…… 12.3333…… ⟹ ⟹
 SUCCESSIVE MAGNIFICATION METHOD
Q. Visualisation 3.765 on the number line
Step I - first look at the position of the number line between 3 and 4 3 < 3.765 < 4
Step II- divide this in between position into 10 equal parts and mark each point.
Step III - then 7th mark and 8th mark of sub division correspond to 3.7 and 3.8 respectively
Step IV- again divide 3.7 and 3.8 into 10 equal parts and magnify it. Mark its 6 th mark and
7th mark so that 3.765 lies between 3.76 and 3.77.
Step V- magnify 3.76 and 3.77 and divide it again in 10 parts the 5 th mark of sub division
present 3.765.
 OPERATION ON REAL NUMBERS
Let rational number R Irrational number IR
Operation on rational R and rational R
• R+R=R
• R–R=R
• R*R=R
•
Operation on Irrational number IR and rational R
•
• R + IR = IR
• R – IR = IR
• R * IR = IR
Example :- (3 +) + (3 -) = 6 (R)
(3 +) + (3 +) = 6 + (IR)
Operation on irrational number IR and Irrational number IR
• IR IR = R or IR
• IR * IR = R or IR
•
 RATIONALISATION
Rationalisation is a mathematical technique of converting an irrational term /expression to a rational number by
multiplying it with a suitable factor.
Example :- 1. Rationalise
2. Rationalise
Conjugate of denominator

Example:- find the value of a and b if

Ans-

⟹a= -2 and b=1

Exercise
1. Rationalise the denominator of
2. simplify
3. find the value of a and b if
LAWS OF EXPONENT FOR REAL NUMBER
Let x > 0 be real number and r, s are rational numbers.
 Product law :-
 Division law :- =
 Power law :-
 Negative exponent law :-
 Product and division law for different bases :- When x,y > 0 are real numbers

1.
2.

LAWS OF IRRATIONAL NUMBER CORRESPONDING LAWS OF INDICES

 =
 =  =
 = =  =


EXTRA
SUM
1. Find five rational numbers between and
2. Find five rational numbers between and
3. Find six rational numbers and six irrational numbers between 0.12 and 0.32
4. Find two rational numbers and two irrational numbers between 1 and 3.
5. = prove that = 1
6. If then show that c =
7. X X= 1
8. Simplify :-
9. If prove that y=
10. If x= then show that
11. Simplify :-
12. If x = ,then find
13. If ,then find a and b.
14. If x=3 + 2 then find ,
15. Simplify
16. Simplify :-
17.Find the value of
18. If x = , then find
19. If x and y , then find
20.Simplify :- .Find the value when x=
THANK
YOU