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Drought Monitoring - 0302

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17 views8 pages

Drought Monitoring - 0302

proposal

Uploaded by

yegeladotto91
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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03/02/2022

REMOTE SENSING & GIS FOR


DISASTER MANAGEMENT

DROUGHT
20-01-2022

GIS solutions for different hazards:


Drought
✓Normalized Difference Vegetation Index provides
information of vegetation health and a means of monitoring
changes in vegetation over time

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03/02/2022

Theoretical Description of Vegetation Indices

➢ The theoretical basis for ‘empirical-based’ vegetation


indices is derived from examination of typical spectral
reflectance signatures of leaves.
➢The reflected energy in the visible is very low as a result of
high absorption by photosynthetically active pigments with
maximum sensitivity in the blue (470 nm) and red (670 nm)
wavelengths.
➢Nearly all of the near-infrared radiation is scattered
(reflected and transmitted) with very little absorption, in a
manner dependent upon the structural properties of a canopy
(LAI, leaf angle distribution, leaf morphology).

Theoretical Description of Vegetation Indices


➢As a result, the contrast between red and near-
infrared responses is a sensitive measure of vegetation
amount, with maximum red - NIR differences occurring
over a full canopy and minimal contrast over targets with
little or no vegetation.

➢For low and medium amounts of vegetation, the


contrast is a result of both red and NIR changes, while
at higher amounts of vegetation, only the NIR
contributes to increasing contrasts as the red band
becomes saturated due to chlorophyll absorption.

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03/02/2022

Normalized Difference
Vegetation Index (NDVI)

where R and NIR are the spectral


reflectances in the red and near-infrared
wavebands, respectively

NDVI ctd…
➢Change detection of vegetation includes
determination of the change in the
density of the vegetation within the pixel
beside the change in the vegetation area.

➢The pixels that have less NDVI value


means they have less vegetation density

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03/02/2022

NDVI ctd…
➢The average of the NDVImean values for the
other natural vegetation is higher than the
croplands.

➢The average of the NDVImean values for the


other natural vegetation, the grasslands,
the shrubland, and the croplands are
0.416, 0.4113, 0.2774, and 0.2473,
respectively.

Spectral Characteristics of Vegetation


The spectral reflectance of vegetation can be detected in
three major EMS regions:
➢Visible region (400-700 nm) – Low reflectance, high absorption,
and minimum transmittance. The fundamental control of energy-
matter interactions with vegetation in this part of the spectrum is
plant pigmentation.

➢NIR (700-1350 nm) – High reflectance and transmittance, very low


absorption. The physical control is internal leaf structures.

➢MIR (1350-2500 nm) – As wavelength increases, both reflectance


and transmittance generally decrease from medium to low, while
absorption increases from low to high.

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03/02/2022

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03/02/2022

DROUGHT MONITORING
➢Drought monitoring and analysis are done based on national
database and spectral library for Normalized Difference
Vegetation Index (NDVI) using satellites data.

➢The database contains data about land cover and agriculture crops
for a number of years and can be used for drought assessment and
analysis and also for estimation of “the best” and the “worst”
years concerning agriculture.

➢NDVI provides information of vegetation health and a


means of monitoring changes in vegetation over time.

DROUGHT MONITORING…. ctd


➢Healthy vegetation absorbs most of the
visible light that hits it, and reflects a large
portion of the near-infrared light.

➢Unhealthy or sparse vegetation reflects


more visible light and less near-infrared light.

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03/02/2022

Fig. Variation in the spectral reflectance characteristics of vegetation according to leaf moisture

The Normalised Difference Vegetation Index


▪ Normalised Difference Vegetation Index is a remote sensing-based index that
measures vegetation conditions. It uses the advanced very high-resolution
radiometer (AVHRR) reflected red and near-infrared channels to calculate if
the vegetation is healthy, or unhealthy and sparse (e.g. suffering from drought
or insect infestation) (Zargar et al. 2011).
▪ The NDVI is generally recognised as a good indicator of terrestrial vegetation
productivity and, for a long time, has been used for estimation of net primary
production, crop growth conditions, land cover, crop yield estimation, rainfall
and drought monitoring and early warning systems.
▪ It is also effective in monitoring climate variability, land use and vegetation
type. The identification of areas with vegetation more sensitive to drought can
be applicable in drought risk management (Alamdarloo Manesh & Khosravi
2018), and be used to map areas that are affected by drought.

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03/02/2022

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